9 Solulions i 3 - SY 4e Solution. ~ Uoemogenows vocke ure of 2 nt mane. Com — > Gates itt keg ten "ro ss ee | aves ae Solver te + (Sra, anger guani t —_- ae i +1 Types of Solution — Based on Nature os Solute & Solvent. ee © Gstihus Solutions : — = ae Examp lay a Mioctuve rer 0, 2 ve Chiov foam Pinca ion Solid Comp hor romtlea @ Liquid Saas i elute | Solvent Example Gia Liguid OL in OH 0 Saam Ligsid fi Liquid Ethanol in Hae Solid | Liquid } Glugose jn HO = ®) Solid olubons Solute! Solvent Example L Cs, Solid ein alla sis Liqud | Sok of Meares ail did Schid Solid Cop pew dias rae Goldetf i ar Concentration of. Jokdion — poli Lotivel J lube D Rebel, ely small: nusadt so once y tose Relate ‘feat wally of of _solat € Exp ressi ny Ge of Solution Quantitarirely Mas a af neal open 129 Mesa_o} solution on = = Volume. = Mole 2Co my nerd X99 YolumesF solution (SD Mow aby ume = Mors | i . Val. af pean. ~~ isa} ! OR Pras Paid aril, ae eg = SINS ronige (OS Se . ©) Mle Fametinns = No.of moles of cor Be Fs “iebal noob nelt of ll amp @ Molosity = Mole. ables ohen. rie oy uM A ‘able In iE @ moblly = moles bfe i. af =» Moss of | Sal | Qatubili Set af aa 2 substance issiks_mazinum amount thot oh be _ dissolved ino specific amount €| _ solv lvenf atia speci hed bemperatar® ss» [ga skiity of “Solid Liv Liquid / FE Solubility — Nature. of Solute St Silvene Polaw dissolves in poer Non pa dissolves" in non= laa [yntermolecular Forres { should be simtlax Leah f: FE Saturated. Solubon: —— pigeon Solute. sie delicate tonceatiralina = - Incsieases jn se solufion ee a ae : ol articles coll pdx vale oid oe solute. po okey. i gel Eisepanaled od lz ao x no. a whe ft a oe ae seed ae aot # Another Deb iB aE Siig } fee ee hel alin. — Ht oar oP Ten a aah eters. team (isssliabiors = r ie on sedated as PN Eads, | a oy Reaction Coro eamic UPaseduitoa Pasta) SS 7\ ee 772 Fos sh hee nara ses > --Seluton a Tresare _Effe, | — Not sigeifico ae Booz pusiolids: id Wiquicl jacompr 2. Theveased oeane ake i Veo Solubsl; tity led tn_blood. When Scuba divest Vee Com. mo) aa 3 telecon JAIN, hubhtes el i, eadng fo bends, z Jo_ovoid , tonles filled with OF insted git He ~3.At_high allitudes, asia eho mew | Ladwath jive; low pdienleadane obtO aia shoes aoe hgsues. # Effect of aby ponies ee ee Sea Temp 7 ae aD ~ JX. lgisschufion ob gps i hg —> Gogehi <=> bes Heemre | == Vopovr Feessusne, — of- Liquid fous -Liguad Solu Solucbion f Vig Prere Preble geet wp on, js ania op — SEPT [guia oe| mitedions of Henry/s Lav A) fey feme ae boo Wt D Gos should ne und ergo el vreohiorn, dissocdoton + 2) Applicable. ony fox ideal state Se [Recal a Tag] SHabeme nt : n = Slee Fas seldjen of ve labile Nigquids 4 pastial voy ee of each eompanenk ob! 9 ste Solution is di (c i | Pe it mole Para bon exces enk is sol leas pek thee, ob hice "9 _component fa, 7. pail ey eae pp, as Paces melee, Voge ‘ eee, equi \ibartum ade as | as ee a | fp) —& ete =| vapour = our premmre ofS eae rsuce oP Tse ead abel» ae pure component 2. oe i ee aE | Pa oi Ag Prva a = ia Nea aeacte | se fodee = oom or] S Pent fi —=prlica) 4p Ra wae Token Gag ss: ce cif Pat Peper e | Pint = pie pea bret> Pc a ai bpr 3 pel 4 1 Grveph Ret KH, =O. | 722 etree ace SS ae ia partial A eeteen ats te ds 4 es = se rele beachin = £4, a ne salution , Hes a. Na), pressure, a ee rele foachion = a, : [. hy poolnedl prressece_of pucre conpsnesd =>> EE ag a a Ree 7 a a ay dW liq aoti\k's Ly ws. payer Persea! of..solutton of a non voloMile / galute is equal {o. the vapoury ue pla cthetimune iealne ate sh Hat emp imultielied by its mole fracHon , Lek A —9 solute yi Bo solve at We know, fre aa aoa) pp 2h 7 Paton tlre) 3 = ie eae oae a) "2 Protet Set poe -9 P non hee # Rooultis Law — = Special Com t Hene-y's Lowe | Raoull/s je —> Pi as! Henry's lous = In un lig: selubop , one component so volafile, ib Sail Ont 5 fooults lous 15 speciak Cesaol Hunsicyis law ee erica Pynn Sal Lie Preture oF kd jn Liquad hon vdalile, Poeun’ of sdlubion js duc ty solvent. Tus totel wp, selvent. 2 SerPace has Ob solute Le solveuh 2 parhcles So} auclase “ravens di solvent leg ’ » less molecules of bie This decrease jn VP — depends onl er quant} of solufe a Aer its ore 4 Sd wie a Ye aioe i. 2 Bee soe} = #2 \physoe ro Cie Creneval foam of Raoul 2)aie os [fea ony on te aaah ae preyure lr eack volatile co let tn fhe “Suigtlon eat doectty report 4o_its mole Focockion J ee 1 Udeal selitiovete es ye ee eet a 6 ob ST aaaltie lows over alk anges Apt i at oo ns lige a ine toe | aaa eeees hot obey aoulls Jaw ae j 1D Aig Sei BW) \yaldne lade! minds 2.0 pe, Jk V ‘to Tk—means) no | beads absexhed 0% Cyalved. Ard volume of sduhion = sum aft volume of the 2. compon ae eee —Serabion a it E ere pane eae a fs A pp6-B % AB ell be nesoly Rac cote ty 4 Ata. evry Exomples > D n= heaans ee ew a! ai aaa a ee Ue chia hag Gs benren _2-_foluenr Nei 1 Zee Goda Wes A#Demiahons in Alon tve Deviation Th ideak Solutions yapoun pareasurre of- solution js obighege than that poedicled i Raoulls low Ve Devialion Th mapour _pressune of galuvon os io oeclialad by Raoull’s avd than fhat tye. Deviation @OA-B interaction Weaker Yan A-A oa B- > Sclbe_—Sol vent force ea k eX > VP fid casey to escape ere in ale our eure = eae @Etbono! 2 Acefore Eptano) H-bond, Ac edo “gis phe breaks some H-bond @ Conon disylphide J heelore lowe > — ove Deviahens a Ey OD ih-8 sgl eokiin Ae eam than AHA fo a . > Decree in Warour presore ae © Ea. fe © Phenol 2 Aniline H-bond bho cphenclic pre Blows par ob tt ctom, in aniling UE iva sci 0D) Chloao frm 2 Acelone i he “HC Bes. ON ny tt be GEO: H CNL leyiell 4ve deviation %=0 x =) =] A a X=0 — Ml KF =O ae ae ee ee a : aes | ae zeotimo j B Refaeli eee on fis tes ree esition In| Iga ae i AE eS ‘eae lille call {Conk ee separated. Sean] @ Minter bollh zebrope a Log, tve Ueviabion! Paom Rooult!s Jaro Eo ae Chhenol= wate mintwee 27 IS fp .eHano| : 24 oma boil? azeot7p e 5 ' int os Uon Prom Racultes tn. — Ex ee ‘Nines pid i tere - Ge Bi nibelc aid 4 32 A acter by = Mors —ve# Colliqative Propeucties ass palais in _volahile are SVEPO Us. Pree’. ava — aoe Some properhes conneced fo fis OTE called colliga live propertics a = 4 ORelabve Lo weet of Vip ou Pretsare 24 luke > nNon~ (volatile ee 1 - Solvent “Volatile DEPEND s oN No. oF solute pARTictes —~ We knw) farm Rocullis laws a! Tie sec pe : ) Sa OS 2 Ap, = 9a a5) A el ane => Ap, =p’ (=2, SS i] ied) Ap Spe ON —[eartaeh 4 ! ale, Eee ae > AD, = Kee i coed eb five bacon "4 of wapour presare=> ° : at pe Rtas nitas/_| Fox dilde solutions ig em Sih gs 2>ABaee, aS ae | p.° a" : | Spee ee ee CM, ee jeaanal Sele | wor | a a Massex oe s | le fee Se ie oe OF oak oe ent IS Gtowollaegetaeeen tage ee | Thi feom tae ah | (ij Ene ee eh PY +3 aequass fo akmes phere _ press ures | = we know , As__VP_dectesses by presence of non-volatile solube. 7boiling Poind is ‘elevated. > BP of “polistion 1s alvays fa ftek pors—sp \yor eee ds DEPENDs on NuMBER of SoLuTE MOLECULES Be gee pure solvent a7 ya BP ef solution _ a lecolled olevahior of boing pond t Ata ae aoe Expe rimentaly 5. AT mostly > Ag = [jm V9 50! Boiling Foiat Chevaby, i *Conabbad / all Clevalier Cortbard) K Unit ; Chudiios scopic Corehans No. of 4 of solufe = 10, ies aes of adhe = No. of 4 A sdvert = fa M6? Donal ey OP “hay, eof Lin ty : = 0, (Ma 12, jlo oo pale xX 1900. a Oe a ee# Depacssion of pai Point Lowert ng VP) cow ey lovsering ° freee io port: os compared fo pure Shape, \ oe Pot Tene ok which the vapour P TESS UE of the subs bance in its iguid phase is equal _to its vapour | pressure in the solid phase Fear solution , oh a pent when Vv: ?,e els lhe oy. pure selid solvent, by Rosull sale meen enh ores tay lencittn lt Pat of solvent, foo | VP ok solic on become | equal fo frat of osolid esl woudl: offs. lower temp» Sv, forensing el nt decreag SJ - At ee dee el sas Experimew-ally whl ba eh as icine ao beep Aosl, bet agin ae Freert ae Kyl). deer eect Coryose op! org hor| AN Tr =_Kp Xw) 1060 I mM Wa. LX 1000 | Ma Xd | eS aC =| Another Formula Ky E>» he it a R=? hos inna joo XA My WMo lore pmary of solver Th? fereeet ind of ea i 16 in k= _ A ee (000 Alt =). ee FH Osmous Semipe rmeeble Memb rant (sp™) ‘ a Sa" Membranes having .submic¥es co pc. pores, Pherouug which O small solve motecales can pass bud bin 9 ea solate. pacticles ecank , Osmo+ts 3 a TR spm js pod bho gs lvewh X solufron, soherd rele cles will flows thro membrant mom pave solvent to gofalton . Thiel called osmosis. ae! Osmotic Preisire woe i Qamalh: pacsuse phe ugh ha ia dh excess fpacasere frat must be applied foo selytiom a Ie prevecd OMOs\ 5,[Solvent locas rom diluele, Jo concentra tect Baie unt i es Cogeat (anetenes Is. is raghase pr PR CAS Ure js colligative paopesty =H Md State Prressurce Osmo bre e 2 fale crite rama pead se (ors hant Ak a gees Tah af V_uis volonee In litres a no moles of eke | = 0 = { eee | | ba sliloY, ca am | wh solute ge My molar mors | XK S| = ee eee hoe Max 2 Me t Why Osmo} ie pres une method uric Pul ¥ OY Prenure aS areuyid aon famp- i -Winlonthl bhabead.| ofasmolal be 2 ea longe even al dilute shies Ri eal ccal i sicbie of high 4 MP Polymers poss stobility# TBotonic Slehors- SolwHons having Same. A of iy lenp C_- = fio her paraled De SPM, a osmosis occties | . =a # la ppiaToes =a a © (1 of Pluid insicle blood cel! ys _e.q.aod = ee of “o2- eC selon Bale zB ic ats “aes ean 0: 4‘). Neth salalide cell, pil) shotak — HE pees ee they coill_swell | Fe Hyperbole yrotoe | = Mo eK COnae © Pango shrivel when piclted jn sell yoler __ (5 willed 20 Ore vi ve ther pla: ed in Poresh woles ae © Limp cancrol_becage of essa tc 0, beso MS Bae er ee plo in Eins = is selling Becange ole fois sd ct pec da fo cabing. loka — Osler nes oO han soil fo a bsih A 03 25 rd je yl ed ae i Li- Sg ed. bait se oe I a.de Revease Os mosts : ' "| Diace tion eeaneteads Yeversed ; loages than osmalic presuve Le is. “eae As oreverts _ alemetic« | FE Peechcal Use ( Derlinahion= eda ie bee Be >A Bot Fete © [Eker |-rocte Re ae | eeu pm => edlulore acelate Ce ieee 4 Abrox mak Mele Mars Tonic comport ole oiese. lato anton & calien inven theve 1s is Aiee stator. of. Ln lite ints joup, | experimentally. aetna molar more iy fae elke: io Py alee a one a east naag > tren value Ahis. higley /bwer ea Abnormal Malar AE anit Hol Faker Ci)1 = Norma! olay mass Abraxmal pela moss — Observed. colli gative pooper Wcdaled eohgetiae repel i= Tetal_po. of males of _paadicles Hey > dissociation or assoc} on = noe af moles OF awhile before dissociation Ov @ssocfation < a a i Sa) f )s = ES ee a _ (2b ieee ere oe Modif cabio Ww 28 i Hs ile es chee ee lowering of Video ou.ey. pane of