CONTROL SYSTEM ENGINEERING

OBJECTIVES:

 To introduce the elements of control system and their modelling using various Techniques.
 To introduce methods for analysing the time response, the frequency response and the
stability of systems
 To introduce the state variable analysis method
 Describe what feedback control is and basic components of control systems. Describe
the various time domain and frequency domain tools for analysis and design of linear
control systems.
 Describe the methods to analyse the stability of systems from transfer function forms.
 To give an introduction to the analysis of linear control systems. This will permit an engineer
to exploit time domain and frequency domain tools to design and study linear control systems.

UNIT I CONTROL SYSTEM MODELING

Basic Elements of Control System – Open loop and Closed loop systems - Differential equation -
Transfer function, Modelling of Electric systems, Translational and rotational mechanical systems -
Block diagram reduction Techniques - Signal flow graph

TRANSFER FUNCTIONS Introduction and classification of control systems-linear,

nonlinear, time varying, time in-variant, continuous, discrete, SISO and MIMO systems –
definitions -electrical analogies.

UNIT II TIME RESPONSE ANALYSIS

Time response analysis - First Order Systems - Impulse and Step Response analysis of second order
systems - Steady state errors – P, PI, PD and PID Compensation, Analysis using MATLAB

CONTROL SYSTEM COMPONENTS:

Transfer function of potentiometers, armature controlled and field controlled dc motor. –
Tacho generators -gear trains controllers (On – Off, P, PI, PD, and PID)

UNIT III FREQUENCY RESPONSE ANALYSIS

Frequency Response - Bode Plot, Polar Plot, Nyquist Plot - Frequency Domain specifications from
the plots - Constant M and N Circles - Nichol’s Chart - Use of Nichol’s Chart in Control System
Analysis. Series, Parallel, series-parallel Compensators - Lead, Lag, and Lead Lag Compensators,
Analysis using MATLAB.

FREQUENCY DOMAIN ANALYSIS:

Second order systems- stability (gain and phase) margins- Need for compensation, minimum phase&
non-minimum phase systems

UNIT IV STABILITY ANALYSIS

Stability, Routh-Hurwitz Criterion, Root Locus Technique, Construction of Root Locus, Stability,
Dominant Poles, Application of Root Locus Diagram – Nyquist Stability Criterion - Relative
Stability, Analysis using MATLAB

Stability analysis – characteristic equation – location of roots in S-plane for stability -Routh’s
stability criterion-relative stability analysis-root locus technique-construction of root loci for
negative feed back systems.
UNIT V STATE VARIABLE ANALYSIS
State space representation of Continuous Time systems – State equations – Transfer function from
State Variable Representation – Solutions of the state equations - Concepts of Controllability and
Observability – State space representation for Discrete time systems. Sampled Data control systems –
Sampling Theorem – Sampler & Hold – Open loop & Closed loop sampled data systems.

TRANSIENT AND STEADY STATE ANALYSIS: Transient and steady state response-
definitions-mathematical expression for standard test signals-type and order of systems-step,
ramp and impulse response of first order and second order under damped systems - Step
response of second order critically damped and over damped systems - Time domain
specifications of second order under damped systems - Steady state error analysis.

OUTCOMES: Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:

 Perform time domain and frequency domain analysis of control systems required for stability
analysis.
 Design the compensation technique that can be used to stabilize control systems.

TEXTBOOK:
 J.Nagrath and M.Gopal, “Control System Engineering”, New Age International Publishers, 5 th
Edition, 2007.

REFERENCES:
1. Benjamin.C.Kuo, “Automatic control systems”, Prentice Hall of India, 7 th Edition,1995.
2. M.Gopal, “Control System – Principles and Design”, Tata McGraw Hill, 2 nd Edition, 2002.
3. Schaum‟s Outline Series, “Feed back and Control Systems” Tata Mc Graw-Hill, 2007.
4. John J.D‟Azzo & Constantine H.Houpis, “Linear Control System Analysis and Design‟”,
Tata Mc Graw-Hill, Inc., 1995.
5. Richard C. Dorf and Robert H. Bishop, “Modern Control Systems”, Addison – Wesley, 1999.
6. Gajic Z., Lelic M., “Modern Control System Engineering”, Prentice Hall of India
Private Ltd, New Delhi, 1996.
7. Katsuhiko Ogata, “Modern Control Engineering” 4th edition, Pearson education.