17/09/2018

Name ___________________________________________________________
Pablo Alvarado Date ___________________

The Structure of the Atom

Before You Read

Define the following terms.

scientific law A generalized rule in which it is used to explain a body of
observations. They are also known as natural laws in which they
imply a set of cause and effect an must apply the same rule.

An explanation of how a phenomenon works. A scientific theory

theory does not turn into a scientific law. Is based on empirical data and
are accepted by most scientists in an appropriate discipline.

Are chemically the simplest substances and therefore cannot be

element broken down using chemical reactions. They have the same
amount of atomic number and same number of protons.

A law that states that chemical compounds are formed of

law of definite
constant and defined ratios of elements as determined by mass.
proportions Is also called Proust’s law or law of definite composition.

Statement that when two multiple combine with each other to

law of multiple
form more than one compound, the weights of one element that
proportions combine with a fixed weight of the other are in a ratio of small
whole numbers.

Describe three things that you already know about the atom.

1. The atom is composed of three main parts: protons, neutrons and

electrons.

2. All matter is composed of atoms and they are they are extremely
small.

3. Smallest constituent unit of all composed matter.

Chemistry: Matter and Change 43 Science Notebook

Name ___________________________________________________________ Date ___________________

The Structure of the Atom

Before You Read

Chemistry: Matter and Change 44 Science Notebook

Name ___________________________________________________________ Date ___________________

The Structure of the Atom

Section 1 Early Ideas About Matter

Scan Section 1 of your text. Use the checklist below as a guide.

 Read all section titles.
 Read all boldfaced words.
 Read all tables and graphs.
 Look at all pictures and read the captions.
 Think about what you already know about this subject.

List three things you expect to learn about while reading the section.

1. Difference between atom fussion and atom fission.

2. How to calculate atomic masses with protons and electrons.

3. Different atom structures in elements.

Use your text to define each term.

Dalton’s atomic theory
He proposed that all matter was composed of atoms, indivisible
and indestructible building blocks. Different elements had atoms
of different sizes and mass. Compounds were composed of the
combination of two atoms. Chemical reactions resulted in the
rearrangement of reacting atoms.

Chemistry: Matter and Change 45 Science Notebook

Name ___________________________________________________________ Date ___________________

The Structure of the Atom

Section 1 Early Ideas About Matter

Greek Summarize the effect that Aristotle had on the atomic theory proposed
Philosophers by Democritus.
Use with pages 102–103. Aristotle said that empty space cannot exist and that matter is
made of Earth, fire, air, and water.

List the main points of Dalton’s atomic theory.

1. All matter is made of tiny pieces called atomos (atoms).

John Dalton 2. Atoms cannot be divided, created or destroyed.

Use with pages 104.
3. Atoms come in different shapes and sizes depending on the matter and
the element.

4. Compounds are made by the union of two or more atoms.

5. Chemical reactions resulted in the rearrangement of reacting atoms.

Discuss Dalton’s ideas by completing the following paragraph.

After years of studying chemical reactions, Dalton was able to accurately

determine the mass ratios of the elements involved in the reactions. His

conclusions resulted in the atomic theory, which helped to explain that atoms

in chemical reactions separate, combine, or rearrange, but are not created,

destroyed or combine.

Chemistry: Matter and Change 46 Science Notebook

Name ___________________________________________________________ Date ___________________

The Structure of the Atom

Section 1 Early Ideas About Matter

Compare and Different atoms combine in X

contrast the atomic whole-number ratios to form
theories of Democritus compounds.
and Dalton. Mark an X
The properties of atoms vary X
under each name if a
based on shape, size, and
statement in the table
movement.
applies to that person’s
theory. Different kinds of atoms come in X
different sizes and shapes.
Statement
All matter is made of tiny pieces.
Matter is made of empty space
through which atoms move.
Atoms cannot be divided.
Atoms cannot be created.
Atoms cannot be destroyed.

REAL-WORLD CONNECTION
The experiments of the alchemists revealed the properties of some metals and provided the foundation for the
science of chemistry. Although not successful, alchemy proved beneficial to science. Explain how this example
can be applied to modern research.

Even though experiment results are not as expected, you learn from your mistakes and
information and knowledge add to our body and provide useful information for later
researchers and scientists.

Chemistry: Matter and Change 47 Science Notebook