Lesson 1: Molarity, Molality

and Mole Fraction

Molarity
 moles solute
M=
liters solution
Example # 1
A solution has a volume of 375 mL and
contains 42.5 g of sodium chloride. What is
its molarity?

mol = 42.5 g x 1 mole = 0.733 mol

58 g
L = 375 mL x __1 L__ = 0.375 L
1000 mL
M = 0.733 mol = 1.95 M
0.375 L
Example # 2
How many grams of Potassium chloride are
required to make 1.5 liters of a 2.0 M
solution?

= 2.0 mol/L x 1.5 L = 3.00 mol

= 3.00 mol x 74 g = 222 g

1 mol
Molality
 moles solute
m=
kilograms solvent
Example # 1
25.3 grams of potassium nitrate was
dissolved in 125 g of water. What is the
molality of the solution?

= 25.3 g x 1 mole = 0.250 mol

101 g
= 125 g x 1 kg = 0.125 kg
1000 g
m = 0.250 mol = 2.00 m
0.125 kg
Example # 2
What is the mass of the solvent in a 0.150 m
Sodium chloride solution which contains
0.50 moles of Sodium chloride?

= 0.50 mol = 3.33 kg

0.150 mol/kg
Mole Fraction
Xsolute = mole solute
mole solution

Xsolvent = mole solvent

mole solution

Xsolute + Xsolvent = 1
Example # 1
Calculate the mole fraction of Potassium
iodide in a solution made by dissolving 3.5
grams of potassium iodide in 5.8 grams of
water?
= 3.5 g x 1 mole = 0.0210 mol
166 g = 0.0210 + 0.322 mol = 0.343 mol
= 5.8 g x 1 mole = 0.322 mol
18 g
Xsolute = 0.0210 mol = 0.061
0.343 mol
Example # 2
0.100 mol of sodium chloride was dissolved
in 100 g of water. What is the mole fraction
of the solute and solvent?
= 100 g x 1 mole = 5.56 mol
18 g
= 0.100 mol + 5.56 mol = 5.66 mol
Xsolute = 0.100 mol = 0.0177
5.66 mol = 0.0177 + 0.982 = 1
Xsolvent = 5.56 mol = 0.982
5.66 mol
Exercises:
1. How much calcium chloride would you
need to make 400mL of a 0.5M solution? 0.200 mol
2. How much potassium bromide is
contained in 0.250kg of a 1.7m KBr
solution? 0.425 mol
3. Calculate the molality and mole
fraction of the solute and solvent in
aqueous solution containing 3.0 grams of
urea CO(NH2)2 in 250 grams of water.
0.200 m 0.004; 0.996