DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF AUTOMATIC

DRAIN CLEANER

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

ANBAZHAGAN. T [Reg No: RA1511002010745]

BALAJI. M [Reg No: RA1511002010380]
MOTHISHWAR. M [Reg No: RA1511002010832]

Under the guidance of

Mr.S. SUNDAR, M.E
(Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering)

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
of

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

S.R.M. Nagar, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram District

MAY 2019
 SRM UNIVERSITY
(Under Section 3 of UGC Act, 1956)

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report titled “DESIGN AND FABRICA-

TION OF AUTOMATIC DRAIN CLEANER” is the bonafide work
of “ ANBAZHAGAN. T [Reg No: RA1511002010745], BALAJI.
M [Reg No: RA1511002010380], MOTHISHWAR. M [Reg No:
RA1511002010832], , ”, who carried out the project work under my
supervision. Certified further, that to the best of my knowledge the work
reported herein does not form any other project report or dissertation on
the basis of which a degree or award was conferred on an earlier occasion
on this or any other candidate.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

Mr.S. SUNDAR, M.E Dr. D. KINGSLY

GUIDE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT
Assistant Professor Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering

Signature of the Internal Examiner Signature of the External Examiner

 ABSTRACT

Water is the basic need for the existence of life on earth. More than 70%

of water is being wasted only for our daily needs .A project based on

cleaning the drainage water especially by removing the solid waste from

the drainage. Now a day automation plays a vital role in industrial appli-

cation. By having this project the instant block in the drainage system is

being avoided. Here SEWAGE CLEANER works by the means of hand

driven assembly. This project also reduces the human effort in clean-

ing the drainage system. It protects the labour from getting exposed to

diseases and frequent cleaning may help us to lead a healthy life.

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The success of any project requires involvement of many people and we are fortunate
enough to get the support and guidance of the concerned people. We sincerely thank
our Director, Dr. Muthamizhchelvan, Faculty of engineering and Technology, SRM
Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai. We express our thanks to our head of
the department, Mechanical engineering, Dr. Leenus Jesu Martin who has been con-
stant source of inspiration, encouragement, guidance and the facilities provided by the
department which helped us in completion this project. We would like to extend my
gratitude to Mr. S.Sundar, M.E, Assistant professor, Department of Mechanical Engi-
neering, Faculty of engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and technol-
ogy. We also grateful to the Reviewers and the Project Evaluation committee for their
guidance and suggestions throughout this project. We would like to thank our parents,
without their support and encouragement this project would have been not been possi-
ble.

ANBAZHAGAN T

BALAJI M

MOTHISHWAR M

iv
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv

LIST OF TABLES viii

LIST OF FIGURES ix

ABBREVIATIONS x

LIST OF SYMBOLS xi

1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Hazardous waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.3 Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.4 Scope of the project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.5 Objective of the project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.6 Working Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2 LITERATURE SURVEY 4

3 PROPOSED MODEL AND FABRICATION PROCESS 5

3.1 PROPOSED WORK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2 MECHANICAL STRENGTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2.1 STABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2.2 DUCTILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.3 AVAILABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.4 FABRIC ABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.5 DESIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

v
 3.6 CORROSION RESISTANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.7 COST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.8 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.9 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.10 STRENGTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.10.1 STIFFNESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.10.2 DUCTILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.10.3 MALLEABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.10.4 BRITTLENESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.10.5 HARDNESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.10.6 RESILIENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.10.7 CREEP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.11 VARIOUS MACHINING PROCESSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.11.1 LATHE OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.11.2 TURNING OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.11.3 FACING OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.11.4 WELDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.11.5 DRILLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.11.6 SAWING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.11.7 METAL WORKING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

4 WORKING MECHANISM AND COMPONENTS REQUIRED 13

4.1 WORKING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.2 COMPONENTS REQUIRED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.2.1 SHAFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.2.2 CHAIN DRIVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.2.3 CHAIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.2.4 FRAME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.2.5 BEARINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

5 DESGIN LAYOUT 18
5.1 ISOMETRIC VIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

vi
 5.1.1 CATIA MODEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

6 DESIGN CALCULATIONS 19
6.1 DESIGN OF SHAFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

7 ADVANTAGES AND CHALLENGES 21

7.1 ADVANTAGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
7.1.1 CHALLENGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

8 COST ESTIMATION 22

9 CONCLUSION 23
 LIST OF TABLES

8.1 Table for cost estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

viii
 LIST OF FIGURES

3.1 Horizontal Lathe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

3.2 Arc Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.3 Drilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

4.1 Sprocket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.2 Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.3 Bearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

5.1 Working Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

6.1 Various loads acting on collecting bin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

ix
ABBREVIATIONS

x
 LIST OF SYMBOLS

α, β Damping constants
θ Angle of twist, rad
ω Angular velocity, rad/s
b Width of the beam, m
h Height of the beam, m
{f (t)} force vector
[K e ] Element stiffness matrix
[M e ] Element mass matrix
{q(t)} Displacement vector
{q̇(t)} Velocity vector
{q̈(t)} Acceleration vector

xi
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Overview

Water is the basic need for human and all living beings. There is plenty of water on
earth but it is not suitable for human use. Clean water is more important for various
purposes. The impurities in the water can cause hazardous and disease. As long as the
draining system is considered, the function of the drainage system is to collect ,trans-
port and dispose of water through an outfall or outlet. The impurities gift within the
evacuation water includes bottles, polythene bags, papers etc.Swatch Bharat Mission
is peak at our age and everybody operating towards creating their encompassing and
country clean. Our group sort out a way in getting rid of solid waste from the drainage
thereby contributing our part in this mission. The drainage system constructed by peo-
ple belonging to Harappan civilization is mainly based on scientific lines but it not in
case of our civilization. House drains are emptied into the main drains which ran under
the main streets and below many lanes.

1.2 Hazardous waste

Semisolid or solid matters that are created by humans and animal activities which are
disposed because of their hazardous nature is known as solid waste. Solid waste in-
clude paper, plastic containers, bottles, cans and electronic goods are not biodegradable,
which means they cannot be carried out through organic or inorganic processes. They
cause health threat to humans, plants, animals etc.They also the fertility content of the
soil. The impurities present int the drainage can cause instant blocks.The cleaning of
drainage system is carried out by manually.
1.3 Motivation

In India, MSWM (Municipal Solid Waste Management) is governed by MSWR. How-

ever, majority of ULBs do not have appropriate action plans for execution and enact-
ment of the MSWR (CPCB Report,2013). Horribly, no city in India can claim 100%
segregation of waste at dwelling unit and on an average only 70% waste collections ob-
served, while the remaining 30% is again mixed up and lost in the urban environment.
From the total, only 12.45% waste is scientifically processed and rest is disposed in
open dumps (CPCB Report,2013). Current and future land requirement for disposal of
MSW along withgrowth in population . Environment friendliness, cost effectiveness,
and acceptability to the local community are major attributes to achieve efficient solid
waste management system.

1.4 Scope of the project

As this project has been based on the baseline to make integration’s of the benefits
for human health,societal concerns and national cleanliness policy.Therefore it covers
many sections of proportionate benefits to all sphere of our present life.

1.5 Objective of the project

1.The main objective of this project is to reduce the human effort in cleaning the
drainage system.

2.The frequent blocks in the drainage system can be avoided which also offers the
efficient flow of drainage water.

3.The plastic waste can be removed and allow only the water to pass through.

2
 4.It also reduces the man labor.

1.6 Working Principle

The device is placed across the drain so that only water flows through the grinded
plates.Solid waste like bottle floating in the drain are lifted by plate with extended pro-
jections (or tooth) which is connected to chain. This chain is attached to bearing shaft
setup driven by a handle .When the handle is made to turn the whole chain assembly
starts to rotate which results in upward motion of jaws made of sheet metal.Waste are
lifted by the jaw and transported to the collector bin.

The project Sewage cleaning system definitely serves the many dimensions the hu-
man needs and definitely presents a bright future aspects in the domain.With technolog-
ical advancement the project can be provided with the automatic dustbin lifting system.
It is a technological and economical instrument which can change the pathetic sewage
conditions of town and cities of mediocre (average quality) India.

3
 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

Ankita B.Padwal, et.al.[1] proposed the replacement of mechanical work for cleaning
the drainage. Drainage mostly carries of solid wastes that forms as block over a period
of time when it is not cleaned periodically. Due to this blockage, the flow of waste wa-
ter is been affected and there is a chance of overflow in public places. A manual labor
work has been made to clean the wastes by sticks which may lead to high infection.To
overcome this, they made a mechanical semi automatic drain cleaner for the replace-
ment of man work.

Mhael Okpara (2014), et.al.[2] reviewed about drainage cleaning to replace manual
work to automated system because manually cleaning system it is harmful for human
life and cleaning time, is more so to overcome this problem they implemented a de-
sign automatic drainage water pump monitoring and control system using PLC and SC
ADA. In this project the use efficient way to control the disposal of wastage regularly
treatment of disposal in different way toxic and non toxic.

Dr .K.Kumaresan, et.al. [3] explained manual work converted to automated system.

Drainage pipe using for disposal and it may be loss for human life while cleaning the
blockage in the drainage pipes. To overcome this problem they implemented Auto-
matic Sewage Cleaning System. They designed their project different way clearance of
gaseous substance are treated separately so the flow of water efficiently. This project
may be developed with the full utilization of men, machines, and materials and money.
They made their project economical and efficient with the available resources. They
used automation technology related with his application of mechanical, electronics,
computer based systems to operate and control production.
 CHAPTER 3

PROPOSED MODEL AND FABRICATION PROCESS

3.1 PROPOSED WORK

To come out with machine part the type of material should be properly selected consid-
ering the design and safety.The selection of material depends upon the following factors
1 Mechanical Strength 2 Stability 3 Ductility 4 Availability 5 Fabric ability 6 Design 7
Corrosion resistance 8 Cost

3.2 MECHANICAL STRENGTH

Mechanical strength is primary criteria for selection of suitable materials for any Engi-
neering application / product. Mechanical strength is the ability of materials to with-
stand with load or forces. Materials selected for any engineering application, should
have appropriate mechanical strength to be capable to withstand with loads or forces
developed in structure of engineering product during operation.

3.2.1 STABILITY

Stability of engineering material is defined by the ability of engineering product man-

ufactured by using that material to with stand with following operating conditions- 1.
Temperature 4. Radiation 2. Fluctuations in temperature 5. Atmospheric Conditions 3.
During of operation

3.2.2 DUCTILITY

Ductility of engineering material is the property of material makes the material suitable
for fabrication by rolling, drawing, extrusion and other mechanical processes. Basi-
cally it is the ability of material that how much the materials can be stretched plastic
ally without breakdown or failure. Ductility of materials is related to the strength of
material. Considerable ductility can be obtained at a sacrifice of strength or vice versa.
For example, by increase of temperature ductility of material increased and strength
decreased. By cold rolling the mechanical strength is increased whereas the ductility is
decreased. It is not necessary the material being used for all product should have high
ductility. But it should have suitable ductility.

3.3 AVAILABILITY

Material selected for engineering product should be easily available in desired form
and at appropriate cost. So that the product can be produced economically to make its
price competitive in market. Material may be available in any form such as casting,
forging, rolled sheets etc. But the availability of material in suitable form is necessary
to facilitate the manufacturing the product with desired quality.

3.4 FABRIC ABILITY

Fabric ability of an Engineering material is the ability of material, which indicates that
how easily it can be fabricated in desired form and shape in order to manufacture an
engineering product. Fabric ability of material makes it suitable for mechanical pro-
cessing to convert it in desired form and shape.

3.5 DESIGN

The selection of material for any engineering product is also governed by the design of
product. The design of engineering product decides the strength and ductility required
for in materials being selected for that product. Hence, the engineering product should
be designed with consideration of properties of engineering material.

6
3.6 CORROSION RESISTANCE

When the Engineering product is used in an industrial atmospheric environment, there

are chances that the base materials of product gets corroded. Corrosion of refined mate-
rial is a natural process which converts the refined material in more stable oxides. This
corrosion makes the material gradually weak with time. Hence, for the satisfactory op-
eration, performance and life of engineering product, it becomes necessary that material
being selected for that product should have sufficient corrosion resistance.

3.7 COST

To make the engineering product commercially successful and profitable, its price should
be reasonable and competitive in market. The price value of any engineering product is
governed by many factor such as material cost, labour cost, processing cost etc. Hence,
the keep the price of product low, it becomes necessary that the material cost, labour
cost and processing cost should by as minimum as possible. Therefore, the cost of
engineering material selected for engineering product must be low.

In addition to the above factors properties to be considered while selecting the ma-
terial are as follows.

3.8 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

These properties include colour, shape, density, thermal conductivity, electrical conduc-
tivity, melting point.

3.9 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

These properties are associated with the material in order to resist the mechanical forces
and loads. The various mechanical properties are

7
3.10 STRENGTH

It is the ability of the material to withstand an applied load without fracture or plastic
deformation.

3.10.1 STIFFNESS

It is the extent up to which it resists deformation in response to an applied force.

3.10.2 DUCTILITY

Ductility is the physical property of the material to be drawn or deformed without losing
toughness.

3.10.3 MALLEABILITY

It is the property of material which enables it to be rolled into sheets.

3.10.4 BRITTLENESS

A material is said to be hard, but can be able to break easily.

3.10.5 HARDNESS

Hardness is the property of the material to resist plastic deformation, usually by pene-
tration or by indentation.

3.10.6 RESILIENCE

It has the tendency to collect the energy while load is applied and is then released when
it is unloaded.

8
3.10.7 CREEP

It is the primary state of fracture of solid material to deform permanently under the
influence of mechanical stresses.

3.11 VARIOUS MACHINING PROCESSES

1.Turning and Facing(Lathe operations)

2.Welding
3.Drilling

3.11.1 LATHE OPERATIONS

There are various operations that can performed in a lathe machine. Also the number
of operations that can performed from a lathe machine depends upon the type of lathe
machine being used . Most common operations that can performed using a Lathe in-
cludes sanding, deformation, cutting, facing, knurling, drilling, turning and much more
is done with the lathe machines. Special tools area unit utilized in order to perform
these numerous operations.

3.11.2 TURNING OPERATION

Turning may be a machining method within which a cutlery, usually a non-rotary tool
bit, describes a helix tool path by moving a lot of or less linearly whereas the piece of
work rotates. The turning processes are typically carried out on a lathe, considered to be
the oldest machine tools, and can be of four different types such as straight turning,taper
turning,profiling or external grooving. Those forms of turning processes will turn out
numerous shapes of materials like straight, conical, curved, or grooved work piece. In
general, turning uses simple single-point cutting tools.

9
 lathe.jpg
Figure 3.1: Horizontal Lathe

3.11.3 FACING OPERATION

In machining, facing is that the act of cutting a face, that may be a tabular surface, onto
the work. Facing planes perpendicular to the rotating axis of the work piece and facing
in the course of milling work.

3.11.4 WELDING

Welding could be a method of heating items of metal exploitation electricity or a flame

so they soften and stay together. There are several types of attachment, as well as arc
attachment, resistance attachment, and gas attachment. Welding is used for making
permanent joints. It is employed in the manufacture of automobile bodies, craft frames,
railway wagons, machine frames, structural works, tanks, furniture, boilers, general
repair work and ship building.The type of attachment carried out in our project is arc
welding.

10
ARC WELDING

Arc attachment could be a method that’s accustomed be part of metal to metal by mis-
treatment electricity to form enough heat to soften metal, and also the melted metals
once cool result in a binding of the metals. It is a kind of attachment that uses a at-
tachment power provide to form an electrical arc between AN conductor and also the
base material to soften the metals at the welding point. They can use either direct (DC)
or alternating (AC) current, and expendable or non-consumable electrodes. The attach-
ment region is typically protected by some sort of shielding gas, vapor, or slag. Arc
attachment processes could also be manual, semi-automatic, or absolutely machine-
controlled.

Figure 3.2: Arc Welding

3.11.5 DRILLING

Drilling could be a cutting method that uses a bit to chop a hole of circular cross-section
in solid materials. The bit is sometimes a rotary cutting implement, typically multi-
point. The bit is pressed against the work-piece and rotated at rates from hundreds to
thousands of revolutions per minute. This forces the innovative against the work-piece,
separating chips from the outlet because it is trained.

11
 drill.jpg

Figure 3.3: Drilling

3.11.6 SAWING

Sawing may be a method whereby a slender slit is take away the piece of work by a
tool consisting of a series of narrowly spaced teeth, referred to as a saw blade. Sawing
is employed to separate work elements into 2 or additional items, or to chop off AN
unwanted section of a district.

3.11.7 METAL WORKING

Bending may be a producing method that produces a V-shape, U-shape, or channel form
on a straight axis in ductile materials, most ordinarily flat solid. There are three basic
types of bending that are frequently used in Sheet metal bending.These three are Air
Bending, Bottoming and Joggling.

12
 CHAPTER 4

WORKING MECHANISM AND COMPONENTS

REQUIRED

4.1 WORKING
• The mechanism is basically designed to filter out the solid waste from the running
drains and hence it may result in avoiding blockages.
• The shaft is rotated by the means of hand wheel which in turns drives the chain.
• The chain mechanism is fitted with wire mesh filter that just picks up the solid
waste while allowing the liquid to flow through it.
• The system is provided with a certain angle so that it can hold the solid waste on
it. collecting bin is kept behind in order to collect the solid waste and the box
could be cleaned.

4.2 COMPONENTS REQUIRED

There are various components that are required for fabrication of this manually operated
drainage cleaner . These components include shaft, Bearing, Chain sprocket , Frame i.e
the supporting structures which is nothing but the hollow square rod , Lock type screw
nut , Bolt and nuts etcâòe These are discussed in detail as follow

4.2.1 SHAFT

A shaft may be a rotating machine component, sometimes circular in cross section,

that is employed to transmit power from one half to a different, or from a machine that
produces power to a machine that absorbs power.

They are mainly classified into two types.

• Transmission shafts are used to transmit power between the source and the ma-
chine absorbing power; e.g. counter shafts and line shafts
 • Machine shafts are the integral part of the machine itself.

MATERIAL

• The material used for ordinary shafts is mild steel. When high strength is needed,
an alloy steel such as nickel, nickel-chromium or chromium-vanadium steel is
used.
• Using 304 stainless steel is cost-effective in comparison to other materials. Its
high quality and durability ensures that your product lasts a long time and the
design of it is suitable for home and commercial use.
• To make stainless steel rods the raw materialsâĂŤiron ore, chromium, silicon,
nickel, etc.âĂŤare melted together in an electric furnace. This step sometimes
involves eight to twelve hours of intense heat. Next, the mixture is forged into
one among many shapes, including blooms, billets, and slabs.
• Then it is cast into solid form. After varied forming steps, the steel is heat treated
and then cleaned and polished to give it the desired finish. Next, it’s prepackaged
and sent to makers, World Health Organization weld and be part of the steel to
provide the specified shapes.

SPECIFICATIONS

• Shaft diameter:25mm
• Material : Stainless steel
• Length:600mm

4.2.2 CHAIN DRIVE

Chain drive may be a means of sending mechanical power from one place to a different.
It is usually wont to convey power to the wheels of a vehicle, particularly bicycles and
motorcycles. It is conjointly employed in a good sort of machines besides vehicles.
When Compared to belt drive chain drive has more efficiency since it does slip much
easily unlike belt drive.

SPROCKET

A sprocket or sprocket-wheel is a profiled wheel with teeth, or cogs, that mesh with
a chain, track or other perforated or indented material. The name ’sprocket’ applies

14
typically to any wheel upon that radial projections have interaction a sequence passing
over it.

Figure 4.1: Sprocket

4.2.3 CHAIN
• A chain is a serial assembly of connected pieces, called links, typically made
of metal, with an overall character similar to that of a rope in that it is flexible
and arched in compression however linear, rigid, and load-bearing in tension.
A chain might contains 2 or additional links. Chains can be classified by their
design, which is dictated by their use

• Those designed for lifting, such as when used with a hoist; for pulling; or for
securing, such as with a bicycle block, have links that are torus shaped, which
make the chain flexible in two dimensions.Small chains serving as jewellery are
a mostly decorative analogue of such types.

• Those designed for transferring power in machines have links designed to mesh
with the teeth of the sprockets of the machine, and are flexible in only one dimen-
sion. They are referred to as roller chains, tho’ there are non-roller chains like
block chain.

4.2.4 FRAME
A structure is named a frame if a minimum of one in all its individual members
may be a multi-force member. A multi force member is outlined in concert with

15
3 or additional forces engaged on it, or one with 2 or additional forces and one
or additional couples engaged on it. Frames are structures that are designed to
support applied hundreds and are sometimes mounted in position. Because they
need solely 2 "legs", frames are sometimes discovered in rows so they will have
smart stability. A saw horse may be a ideal of this structure. More complicated
structures can have a cross member connecting the 2 materials within the middle
to forestall the legs from bowing outward underneath load.

Figure 4.2: Frame

– It supports load.
– It is usually stationary.

4.2.5 BEARINGS
A bearing could be a machine component that constrains relative motion to solely
the required motion, and reduces friction between moving components. The de-
sign of the bearing might, for instance, give for free of charge linear movement
of the moving half or for free of charge rotation around a set axis; or, it’s going
to stop a motion by dominant the vectors of traditional forces that bear on the
moving components. Most bearings facilitate the required motion by minimizing
friction.

CONSTRUCTION

A support sometimes refers to a housing with AN enclosed anti-friction bearing.

A pillow block refers to any mounted bearing wherein the mounted shaft is in
a parallel plane to the mounting surface, and perpendicular to the center line of
the mounting holes, as contrasted with numerous kinds of projection blocks or
projection units.

16
 Figure 4.3: Bearing

TYPES OF PILLOW BLOCK BEARING

A pillow block may contain a bearing with one of several types of rolling ele-
ments, including ball, cylindrical roller, spherical roller, tapered roller, or metallic
or synthetic bushing. The type of rolling part defines the kind of support. These
disagree from "plumber blocks" that are bearing housings provided with none
bearings and are sometimes meant for higher load ratings and a one by one put in
bearing.

17
 CHAPTER 5

DESGIN LAYOUT

5.1 ISOMETRIC VIEW

5.1.1 CATIA MODEL

Figure 5.1: Working Model

 CHAPTER 6

DESIGN CALCULATIONS

6.1 DESIGN OF SHAFT

(REFERENCE FROM ATLAS STEEL)
Shaft material :Stainless steel
Grade :304
Min Tensile Strength :515 MPa
Yield Strength Čy :205 MPa
Hardness : Rockwell B(HR B):92 Brinell (HB):201
Density :7900kg/m3
Elastic Modulus :193 GPa
Preferred Values
Shaft Diameter =25mm
Length of the shaft=60mm
Volume of the shaft=3.14[( 25 * 10− 3)(6.0)*(60*10− 2) = 2.94 ∗ 10− 4m3
Mass = Volume*Density = 2.94*10− 4 ∗ 7900 = 2.32kg
W eight = mass ∗ gravity = 2.32 ∗ 9.81 = 22.75N
Weight of the sprocket =50g
To calculate the shear force and maximum bending moment
 dia1.jpg

Figure 6.1: Various loads acting on collecting bin

20
 CHAPTER 7

ADVANTAGES AND CHALLENGES

7.1 ADVANTAGES

1) Low cost: Our system is low in cost because we were using a very simple mech-
anism and incorporated those components which are being used in the simple bicycle
construction.It is easy to construct and it will not incur any high labour cost and also
the cost of the component is low.
2) Easy maintenance: Our mechanism will be very easy to maintain because the
components available are easily detectable in nature and each and every components
are carried out separately and the replacement of the components is also possible.
3)It is used in almost all types of Drainage system: The dimensions of our compo-
nents can be varied according to the use in the drainage system.The drains in the slum
areas are quite a bit narrow and the possible dimensions can be attainable based on the
requirements.
4) It can handle maximum load of 10kg: The mechanism is able to carry out the
maximum load of 10kg so it proves that it can carry the variety of loads starting from
carry-bags to other disposable items etc.

7.1.1 CHALLENGES

1) Turbine power from the drainage needs to be maintained: Turbine power needs to
be maintained because sometimes the flow of water can be very high which may not be
essential for the operating functions.
2) it’s able to clean solid waste only: Actually it can clean only the solid waste while
the semisolid and the liquid waste cannot be cleaned.
3) Waste storage tank need to be emptied from time to time: Since ,we have to wash
the tank time to time that makes the work tidy and hard.But we will take away this
disadvantage by inculcating the device mechanism which is able to send message to the
municipality about the status of the storage tank so that they can manage the operation
by collecting the garbage.
4) Less capacity of the storage tank: Initially the mechanism is being carried out in
the remote areas.But in the near future we have to increase the capacity of the tank.
 CHAPTER 8

COST ESTIMATION

Bill of Materials
Sl.no Parts Quantity Cost
1. Sprocket 4 600
2. Shaft 2 1000
3. Chain 2 1200
4. Frame 14 feet 800
5. Bearings 4 1000
6. Collecting bin 1 500
7. Mesh 1 200

Table 8.1: Table for cost estimation

Labour cost: (Lathe, Welding, Grinding i.e., Workshop rent) = 6000

Total cost = Material cost + Labour cost = 5300 + 6000 = 11300

 CHAPTER 9

CONCLUSION

Cleaning of drain/ gutters has continually been a haul.Labors cleansing gutters and
drains looks unethical and conjointly ends up in the high risk of obtaining infected
or poisoned thanks to the large amount of waste chemicals in them.Also throwing of
bottles,plastics and other such objects into the gutter lead to narrowing and eventually
results in the blockage. So this device whose primary aim is to remove solid wastes from
the drainage in order to ensure that there is no clotting of drainage water i.e to avoid
gutter jamming issues was constructed successfully ..It lets the fluid to flow through
it and it catches the large solid waste and accumulates it.So it must be installed at the
specific points instead of cleaning the whole gutter floors.The system is efficient way to
clean the gutter and also requires very low power since it rotate up to a few extent in a
day to dump the solid waste.
• We can apply this project in remote and slum areas with effectiveness.
• Since the drains are linked with hygiene and in slum areas this is the major prob-
lem and we can apply this project in those areas and can safeguard the health of
the people.
• This project is very useful in monsoon because during this seasons the drains are
overflowing and they are blocked by the solid waste.
• We can incorporate this project with âĂIJSWATCH BHARAT ABHIYAANâĂİ
which is the revolution in the present times. In India the drains and sewers are
open so this project is very handy.