TABLE OF CONTENTS

4.2.2.1 Test section .................................................................................................... 101

4.2.2.2 Jet aspect ratio ............................................................................................... 102
4.2.2.3 Background noise levels ................................................................................ 103
4.2.2.4 Model type..................................................................................................... 104
4.2.3 Required flow conditions over the cavity ...................................................... 105
4.2.3.1 Turbulence levels........................................................................................... 105
4.2.3.2 Velocity variation .......................................................................................... 105
4.3 FACILITY DESIGN .............................................................................................................. 106
4.3.1 Aeroacoustic Wind Tunnel development ....................................................... 106
4.4 MODEL DESIGN ................................................................................................................. 107
4.4.1 Cavity dimensions ................................................................................................. 107
4.4.2 Flat plate design ..................................................................................................... 109
4.4.2.1 Super-elliptic leading edge ............................................................................ 109
4.4.2.2 Plate dimensions and shape ........................................................................... 110
4.4.2.3 Component flushness..................................................................................... 111
4.4.2.4 Expected oscillation range............................................................................. 111
4.5 EXPERIMENT DESIGN ....................................................................................................... 114
4.5.1 General oscillation characteristics .................................................................... 115
4.5.2 Spanwise-constant effective cavity length (Initial yaw tests) .................. 115
4.5.2.1 Cavity and plate configuration ...................................................................... 117
4.5.3 Spanwise-varying effective cavity length (Main yaw tests)..................... 118
4.5.3.1 Cavity and plate configuration ...................................................................... 119
4.6 PRELIMINARY TESTING ................................................................................................... 120
4.6.1 AWT free shear layer influence ........................................................................ 120
4.6.2 Checking for edgetones ....................................................................................... 122
4.7 CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................................... 123

5 RESULTS OF FUNDAMENTAL EXPERIMENTS .................................................... 125

5.1 FLOW VISUALISATION ..................................................................................................... 126
5.1.1 Method ...................................................................................................................... 126
5.1.2 Flow conditions ...................................................................................................... 127
5.1.3 Visualisation results .............................................................................................. 128
5.1.4 Conclusions ............................................................................................................. 133
5.2 AWT EFFECTS OF TIME-AVERAGED YAWED FLOW
(CONSTANT & SPANWISE-VARYING EFFECTIVE CAVITY LENGTH) .................... 135
5.2.1 AWT flow conditions over the cavity ............................................................. 135
5.2.1.1 Flow direction relative to cavity model......................................................... 136
5.2.1.2 Mean velocity profiles ................................................................................... 136
5.2.1.3 Spectral energy in the flow ............................................................................ 138
5.2.2 AWT Boundary layer profiles ........................................................................... 141
5.2.3 AWT Sound results - General characteristics ............................................... 146
5.2.3.1 Background noise and overall sound levels .................................................. 147
5.2.3.2 Oscillation frequency - spanwise-constant flow conditions .......................... 152
5.2.3.3 Oscillation frequency - spanwise-varying flow conditions ........................... 159
5.2.3.4 Oscillation peak amplitudes - both configurations ........................................ 165
5.2.3.5 Conclusions ................................................................................................... 172
5.2.4 AWT Sound results - Yaw effects.................................................................... 173
5.2.4.1 Oscillation frequency..................................................................................... 174

ix