HINDUISM

INTRODUCTION TO WORLD
RELIGIONS AND BELIEF SYSTEMS
Group 1 Malalakas
 NTENT OF THIS LESSO
CO N
SACRED BELIEF AND
SCRIPTURES DOCTRINES

WORSHIP AND SUBDIVISION

OBSERVANCES
 WHAT IS
HINDUISM?
तीसरा सबसे बड़ा धर्म

 HINDUISM
One of the oldest religion of humanity
Third largest religion
The religion of the Indian people,
originated in Indus Valley about 400
years ago.
Many Deities but a single impersonal
Ultimate Reality
Philosophy and a way of life
Has no founder
SHMRITI
 SHMRITI

Means "That which has been remembered"

Considered of lesser importance compared to shruti, such as stories
and legends, codes of conduct for the society, and guidebook for
worship
Ramayana and Mahabharata are national epics of India and considered
to be the sacred texts of masses where they draw their values and
ideals.
RAMAYANA
Translated as the "story of
Rama's Journey". It is an epic
poem written by poet Valmiki
consisting of 24,000 verses in 7
books and 500 cantos.
MAHABHARATA
Composed of around one
hundred thousand verses
making it the world's longest
poem.
Attributed to the author Vyasa
who is also considered to be
scribe of the Vedas.
BELIEF AND
DOCTRINES OF
HINDUISM
DEVOTION TO THE TRIMURTI

BRAHMAN- the ultimate reality,

one and undivided. It is often seen
in three forms.
TRIMURTI- also known as trinity.
These are CREATION,
PRESERVATION, and
DESTRUCTION.
TRIMURTI
 Creator of the universe
Brahma receives the least
attention among the trimurti. Only
two temples are dedicated to him
in India and he has no cult of
devotees.
Brahma has four heads and eight
hands.

BRAHMA
 Known as a god of love,
benelovence, and forgiveness.
Vishnu's primary concern is
humanity itself.
He is worshipped in various forms
oh his incarnations or avatars.
These manifestations of Vishnu
are intended to help humanity
with his preserving, restoring, and
restoring powers.
Vishnu is depicted as having four
arms and with a dark complexion
VISHNU
The table below lists the 10 avatars of Vishnu as cited by Jose and
Ong (2016)
 As the god of death, destruction,
and disease, Shiva is the third in
the Trimurti.
Also the god of dance, vegetables,
animal, and human reproduction.

SHIVA
ROUTES TO
MOKSHA
Routes to Moksha

From the Upanishads, one may find the three principal and inter-
relateddoctrines within the Indian religion. These are the following:

1. Every soul dies and is reborn anew in new form (this cycle is called
samsara).
2. One's deeds have an effect in this or a future life.
3. One may escape the weary round of death and birth.
 YOGA
YOGA
The word yoga derived from the root word yuj which means "to yoke" or
"to join."

PATANJALI
He is considered as the "father of modern yoga" as he codified the
teaching of yoga in his Yoga Sutra.
The table below lists the 4 yogas with their corresponding
practices:
Worship and
Observances
of Hinduism
GODS OR DEVAS
Hindu scriptures state that there
are 330 million gods or devas.
It includes manifestations of natural
phenomena, evil forces, and even
illnesses.
Hindu worship or puja involves
images (murtis), prayers (mantras),
and diagram of the universe
(yantras)
 PUJA
When it is done at
The most common way to
home the essence of
express worship for
the puja is to welcome
deities is the puja.
the deity as a guest.
Offering material goods
If it's done in temples,
and ritual acts to the altar
worshippers follow
of a god or goddess.
stricker rules to
It can be made in home
ascertain the purity of
altars or in temples.
one's offering to the
deity.
 PUJA
Most Hindus worship individually
It is their way of communicating with the
involving mantras or vibrating
Divine. The goal of the puja is darshan,
sounds that summon the deity and the
where the devotee “exchange glances”
prasad or gift offerings (Bowker 1997).
with the god or goddess. The darshan is an
Vital to Hindu worship is darshan that
intimate encounter between the two, and
pertaining to seeing and being in the
the deity responds by sanctifying food
presence
ritually offered by a devotee, which
of deity. ln temples, ceremonies may be
becomes prasad, a sanctified food that the
in the form of offering a flame, milk, or
devotee receives as a gift from the god or
honey, and even reciting chants and
goddess.
music.
WORSHIP MAY BE UNDERTAKEN
ANY DAY OF THE WEEK
Thursday is the most opportune day.
Hindus celebrate several festivals that are based on the Hindu
calendar and
often related to seasonal changes. Main festivals include:
(1) Holi, (2) Diwali, and (3) Dusserah
The Diwali or "Festival of Lights” is India's biggest and most
important
holiday of the year held in October or November that is like the
Christmas holiday of
the Christians. Indians light outside their homes to symbolize the
inner light that
safeguards the people from evil forces.
SUBDIVISIONS
AND
SELECTED
ISSUES OF
HINDUISM
 SUBDIVISIONS
SHAIVISM
The lord Shiva, the compassionate one, is god for the saivities. Followers
of Shaivism value self-discipline and philosophy. They worship in
temples and practice yoga

SHAKTISM
She is the devine of mother and assumes many forms, be it gentle one
or a fierce deity. Believers use chants, magic and yoga to summon
cosmic forces
 SUBDIVISIONS
VAISHAVISM
The lord Vishnu is god for the Vaishnavites, especially in his incarnations
Krishna and Rama. Adherents have multitudes of saints, temple, and
sacred text.

SMARTISM
Samrtas are known as liberal as they embrace all major Hindu gods.
Devotees are left to choose their own deity.
SELECTED
ISSUES
 HINDUISM AND WOMEN
Even though the Manusmriti or the “Laws of Manu” states that women should
be honored in Hindu society, women have always been considered inferior to mean
in almost all aspects of life. A woman’s life revolves around the men in her life, to be
taken care of by her father in childhood, by her husband in married life, and by her
sons upon old age.

In traditional society, women are expected to perform sati or suttee wherein

widowed women are expected to jump on the funeral pyre of their husbands to
prove
their loyalty and help save the soul of their husbands in afterlife.
 CASTE SYSTEM

It is a social hierarchy passed down through families, and it can

dictate the professions a person can work in as well as aspects
of their social lives, including whom they can marry.
 CASTE SYSTEM
the caste system had its vocal critics who claim that it is unjust and
tramples a person’s human rights.
One of its most severe critics is Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, more
well known as Mahatma Gandhi, a social activist and critic who
attacked the caste system and called the Shudras, who were the least
among the castes, as harijans, or "children of god.”
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