NCMA COURSE TASK 11

Create a summary table consisting of definition, etiology, manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and management for the
following: (100pts)

1. ALTERATIONS WITH INFECTIOUS, INFLAMMATORY AND IMMUNOLOGIC RESPONSES

DEFINITION ETIOLOGY MANIFESTATIONS DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT &
MANAGEMENT

Juvenile It is a form of arthritis The exact cause of Swollen stiff and painful There is no single test Maintain a normal level
Rheumatoid in children ages 16 or rheumatoid is joints in the knees, that can confirm a of physical activity and
Arthritis younger. It causes unknown. hands, feet, ankles, diagnosis but this test social activity. The
joint inflammation and Researcher’s think shoulders, elbows or can help rule out some medications used to
stiffness for more than it is caused by a other joints, often in the other conditions. These help children with
6 weeks. combination of morning or after nap and tests are blood test and Juvenile Idiopathic
genetics, hormones also eye inflammation. imaging scans. Arthritis are chosen to
and environmental decrease pain, improve
factors. function and minimize
potential joint damage.
The medicines are
NSAIDs, DMARDs,
corticosteroids and
some therapies.

Allergic Rhinitis An atopic disease It is caused by the It characterized by It should be made Medication use are:
(AR) characterized by immune system paroxysms of sneezing when history and Antihistamines, steroids,
symptoms of nasal reacting to an rhinorrhea, and nasal physical findings are decongestants,
congestion, clear allergen as if it obstruction, often consistent with an cromones, intranasal
rhinorrhea, sneezing, were harmful. accompanied by itching allergic cause, clear antihistamine. The exact
post nasal drip and of the eyes, nose and rhinorrhea, pale cause of rheumatoid is
nasal pruritus. palate. discoloration of nasal unknown. Researcher’s
● Inflammation mucosa, red and think it is caused by a
inside the nose watery eyes. combination of genetics,
caused by an hormones and
allergen such environmental factors.
as pollen dust,
 mould, or
flakes of skin
from animals

Eczema A group of conditions Atopic Eczema Thickened skin, rash on A skin exam along with Moisture your skin at
in which the skin (Atopic dermatitis) swollen skin that varies information about least twice a day, don’t
becomes inflamed, is the most in color depending on health and symptoms scratch, apply an anti -
form blisters, and common form of our skin color. Small, may be all your itch cream to the
becomes crusty, thick eczema, a raised bumps, on brown dermatologist needs to affected area, take a
and scaly. It causes condition that or black skin. Oozing and give you a diagnosis. daily bath or shower
burning and itching causes the skin to crusting. Sometimes skin biopsy and use a gentle non
and may occur over a become itchy, dry is needed. soap cleanser.
long period of time and cracked.

Asthma Defined as a chronic Asthma triggers Shortness of breath, The main tests used to Quick relief of inhaler
inflammation disease airborne chest tightness or pain help diagnose asthma (bronchodilators),
of the airway that is allergement, such wheezing when exhaling, are: FeNO Test - you quickly open swollen
characterized by as pollen, dust which is a common sign breathe into a machine airways that are limiting
increase mites, mold spores, of asthma in children. that measures the level breathing. Long term
responsiveness of pet dander, or of nitric oxide in your asthma control
tracheobronchial tree pantides of breath. It may also medications generally
to a multiplicity of cockroach waste. perform a physical taken daily, are the
stimuli. Respiratory exam and an x-ray. cornerstone of asthma
infections, such as treatment. Use a
the common cold. nebulizer or inhaler.
Physical activity,
cold air, Air
pollutants and
irritants such as
smoke.

2. CELLULAR ABERRATIONS

DEFINITION ETIOLOGY MANIFESTATION DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT &

 MANAGEMENT

Leukemia Cancer that starts in Acute leukemia is Fever, fatigue, anemia, A blood test showing First treatment is
blood - forming unknown, but the lymphadenopathy, an abnormal white cells remission induction
tissue, such as the factors that put some recurrent infection, bone count may suggest the therapy.
bone marrow and people at higher risk and abdominal pain diagnosis analyzing Chemotherapy is the
causes large are exposure to bleeding and purpura. patient complete blood major form of
numbers of abnormal intense radiation, cells or microscopic treatment, radiation
blood cells to be exposure to certain evaluation of the blood. therapy,
produced and enter chemicals, such as immunotherapy and
the bloodstream. benzene, viruses line bone marrow
the human T - Cell transplant the last
leukemia virus. choice.

Lymphoma Is a general term for Causes of ● Unexplained fever Test and procedures The goal of treatment
cancers that starts in lymphoma: Exposure ● Swelling of one or used to diagnosed is to destroy as many
the lymph system (the to radiation and more lymph lymphoma include: cancer cells as
tissues and organ certain types of glands such as in ● Physical exam possible and bring the
that produce, store, chemicals at higher the neck or ● Blood test disease into remission.
and carry white blood risk. Benzene and armpits ● Removing
cells that fight some agricultural ● Swollen abdomen lymph node for Lymphoma treatments
infections). chemicals have been ● Tiredness testing include:
implicated: people ● Loss of appetite ● Imaging tests ● Active
exposed in the ● Weight loss surveillance
workplace, who can ● Bruising or ● Chemotherapy
be at highest risk, bleeding easily ● Radiation
should follow ● Abnormal therapy
occupational health sweating ● Bone marrow
guidelines to especially at night transplant
minimize exposure.

Wilms’ Tumor A disease in which Wilms’ tumor is Swelling or a large lump Kidney biopsy or Usually involves
malignant (cancer) caused by a gene in the abdomen (belly). surgery, most of the surgery and
cells are found in the change (mutation). time imaging tests may chemotherapy, it
kidney, and may The gene change occur but the actual sometimes includes
spread to the lungs, causes the kidney diagnosis of Wilms radiation therapy.. The
 liver, or nearby lymph cells to develop into Tumor is made when a treatment depends on
nodes. Usually occurs a tumor. small piece of the the stage of the cancer
in children younger tumor is removed and and histology of the
than 5 years old. checked under a tumor.
microscope.

Brain Tumors Also known as Causes of brain Difficulty swallowing, Usually involves a Brain tumors are
intracranial tumor, is tumor: facial weakness or neurologic exam, brain treated with surgery,
an abnormal mass of ● Benzene and numbness, or double scans and a biopsy. radiation therapy and
tissue in which a cell other vision is a symptom of a chemotherapy.
grows and multiplies chemical tumor in the brain stem.
uncontrollably, toxins
seemingly unchecked ● Drinking too
by the mechanism much alcohol
that control normal ● Excessive
cells. sunlight
exposure
● Viruses
● Radiation
exposure