EE 213: Electrical Instrumentation

& measurement
(2 Credit Hours)
Digital Signal Conditioning
What is digital signal conditioning

Why digital signal conditioning

Digital electronics and digital computers have taken a major role
in nearly every aspect of life in our modern world.

There are lot of direct applications of digital electronics in our

world.

Everyday things like automatic door openers in stores, motion sensors in

security systems, and seat-belt warning systems are implemented
with digital electronics.

All these digital electronic systems require data to be presented to

them in a digital format.
Our microwave oven has a microprocessor-based computer inside, it is
there for the purpose of controlling the operation of the oven.

controllers/computers also use in automobiles, washing machines,

airplanes, and a vast host of other examples.

Computers are digital electronic devices and so all the information

they work with has to be digitally formatted
Digital signal conditioning means finding a way to represent analog
process information in a digital format.
There is no greater accuracy in using digital techniques to represent
data; in fact, accuracy is usually lost.

But digital data are much more immune from spurious influences that
would cause subsequent inaccuracy, such as noise, amplifier gain
changes, power supply drifts, and so on.
Digital signals themselves are simply two-state (binary) levels.

Digital information as a high state (H, or 1) or a low state (L, or

0) on a wire that carries the digital signal.
REVIEW OF DIGITAL FUNDAMENTALS
(Conversion of Bases)
Find the binary equivalent of the base 10 number 47.

1011112

Find the binary equivalent of the base 10 number 1864

111010010002
Octal Numbers

It is cumbersome for humans to work with digital words expressed as

numbers in the binary representation.

Octal numbers are conveniently formed from groupings of three

binary digits

that is 0002 , is 08
and 1112 is 78

Thus, a binary number like 1010112 is equivalent to 538

23258 is equivalent to 100110101012

Hex Numbers

hexadecimal (base 16, called hex)

The letter H (or h) is used to designate a hex number instead of a

subscript 16.

Also recall that the hex counting sequence is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,

9, A, B, C, D, E, and F to cover the possible states.

00002 0H and 11112 is FH

In hex, a binary number like 101101102 would be written B6H.

3AB2 is 11101010110010
. 2
Fractional Binary Numbers