Contoh abstract

ABSTRACT
The Implementation of Teaching Speaking Using Pair Work to the Fifth Grade Students
of Islamic Elementary School Academic Year 2012- 2013
Language is important for human being since language can be used to express his/ her
Feeling to another people. Language is also used to communicate among people to get
information, so language is media for delevering meaning and message. Good
communication skills can help you to avoid conflict and solve problems.
Teacher teaches four language skills such as: listening, speaking, reading and writing
to make students to be competence in English by mastering those four skils. But in
fact,Teacher teaches more in reading and writing than listening and speaking.
Students faced some problems of speaking, such as they are afraid of making
mistakes, they are shy of speak with other students, and they are low in speaking ability.
Those problem are influenced by some causes, such as having low of practicing, limiting of
vocabulary, having lack of confidence to speak and also interferencing of the first language.
Based on the statement above teacher has good method to make students easier and
more enjoyable in English teaching, such as speaking using pair work. “ Pair work is
learners working together in pairs. One of the main motivation to encourage pair work in
the English language classroom is to increase the opportunities learners to use English in the
class.

THE INFLUENCE OF COMBINATION MUROTTAL HOLY QUR'AN THERAPY AND

DEEP BREATH RELAXATION TO FACE ANXIETY A LABOR

Abstract

The purpose of this research is analyze the influence of murottal holy qur'an therapy and deep
breath relaxation to faced anxiety a labor in Kediri. This research used a quantitative
approach design by one group pre-post test to evaluate anxiety before and after treatment.
The subjects of this research is the third trimester of pregnancy are 16 respondents and the
sampling took by purposive sampling. The results of this research showed the influence of
combination murottal holy qur'an therapy and deep breath relaxation to faced anxiety a labor
it has effect for pregnancy. The results of this research is expected to be used as an alternative
therapy to reducing anxiety in pregnancy.

Keywords: anxiety, combination murottal holy qur'an therapy and deep breath relaxation
technique in pregnancy.
The Influence of Giving Deep Back Massage Technique to Intensity
of Labor Pain to Maternal in the First Active Phase at the Aura
Syifa Hospital ,Kediri 2017

Abstract: The pain of labor can be reduced in several ways, pharmacological and
non-pharmacological. In non-pharmacological using deep back massage techniques
to reduce labor pain. Based on previous survey in maternal at the Aura Syifa
Hospital Kediri, 2015, from 10 maternal, it got 7 (70%) serious pain, 2 (20%)
medium pain and 1 (10%) minor pain. The purpose of this research is to know the
effect of Deep Back Massage Techniques to Intensity of Labor Pain to Maternal in
the First Active Phase. The method of this research is one group pretest - posttest
design. The all of population take the maternal of the first active phase are 16
respondents by purposive sampling technique. During a contraction it can begin an
emphasis at the first contraction and stopped after the last contraction. The Analysis
of the data using Wilcoxon test. The results of this research is show if maternal pain
intensity before Deep back massage given are medium pain and after Deep back
massage given almost minor pain. The results of Wilcoxon test ρ value 0.000, it
means ρ values <0.05.So it can conclude the Deep Back Massage Techniques it has
effect to the intensity of labor pain to Maternal in the First Active Phase. The results
of this research is expected to be used as an alternative non-pharmacological therapy
to reduce the intensity of labor pain.

Keywords: Deep Back Massage Techniques, pain intensity, Inpartu

An abstract is an abbreviated version of your science fair project final report. For most
science fairs it is limited to a maximum of 250 words (check the rules for your competition).
The science fair project abstract appears at the beginning of the report as well as on your
display board.

Almost all scientists and engineers agree that an abstract should have the following five
pieces:

 Introduction. This is where you describe the purpose for doing your science fair
project or invention. Why should anyone care about the work you did? You have to
tell them why. Did you explain something that should cause people to change the way
they go about their daily business? If you made an invention or developed a new
procedure how is it better, faster, or cheaper than what is already out there? Motivate
the reader to finish the abstract and read the entire paper or display board.

 Problem Statement. Identify the problem you solved or the hypothesis you
investigated.

 Procedures. What was your approach for investigating the problem? Don't go into
detail about materials unless they were critical to your success. Do describe the most
important variables if you have room.
  Results. What answer did you obtain? Be specific and use numbers to describe your
results. Do not use vague terms like "most" or "some."

 Conclusions. State what your science fair project or invention contributes to the area
you worked in. Did you meet your objectives? For an engineering project state
whether you met your design criteria.

Things to Avoid
 Avoid jargon or any technical terms that most readers won't understand.
 Avoid abbreviations or acronyms that are not commonly understood unless you
describe what they mean.
 Abstracts do not have a bibliography or citations.
 Abstracts do not contain tables or graphs.
 For most science fairs, the abstract must focus on the previous 12 months' research (or
less), and give only minimal reference to any earlier work.
 If you are working with a scientist or mentor, your abstract should only include
procedures done by you, and you should not put acknowledgements to anyone in your
abstract.

Why Is an Abstract Important?

Your science fair project abstract lets people quickly determine if they want to read the entire
report. Consequently, at least ten times as many people will read your abstract as any other
part of your work. It's like an advertisement for what you've done. If you want judges and the
public to be excited about your science fair project, then write an exciting, engaging abstract!

Since an abstract is so short, each section is usually only one or two sentences long.
Consequently, every word is important to conveying your message. If a word is boring or
vague, refer to a thesaurus and find a better one! If a word is not adding something important,
cut it! But, even with the abstract's brief length, don't be afraid to reinforce a key point by
stating it in more than one way or referring to it in more than one section.

How to Meet the Word Limit

Most authors agree that it is harder to write a short description of something than a long one.
Here's a tip: for your first draft, don't be overly concerned about the length. Just make sure
you include all the key information. Then take your draft and start crossing our words,
phrases, and sentences that are less important than others. Look for places where you can
combine sentences in ways that shorten the total length. Put it aside for a while, then come
back and re-read your draft. With a fresh eye, you'll probably find new places to cut. Before
you know it you will have a tightly written abstract.