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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the city in Gujarat, India. For other uses, see Surat
(disambiguation).

Surat
Suryanagari

Metropolis
 From top: Tapi River panorama, Gaurav path,
University Road, Swaminarayan Mandir, Pandit
Deendayal Upadhyay Indoor Stadium, Vesu Skyline,
Science city Surat, Surat Airport

Nickname:
Diamond City of India[1]
 Surat
Location of Surat in Gujarat, India
Show map of Gujarat Show map of India
Show all
Coordinates:  21°12′18″N 
72°50′24″ECoordinates:  21°12′18″N 

72°50′24″E

Country  India
State Gujarat
District Surat
Zone 7

Government
 • Type Mayor–Council
 • Body  Surat Municipal Corporation
 Surat Urban Development
Authority
 • Mayor Hemali Boghawala (BJP)[2]
 • Municipal Shri Banchhanidhi Pani, IAS
Commissioner
 • Police R. B. Brahmbhatt, IPS[3]
Commissioner

Area
[4][5]
2
 • Total 474.185 km  (183.084 sq mi)

Elevation 13 m (43 ft)

Population
 (2021)[4][6][7][8]
 • Total 6,936,534
 • Rank 2nd in Gujarat
2
 • Density 15,000/km  (38,000/sq mi)
 • Metro rank 9th
 • Demonym Surati

Time zone UTC+5:30 (IST)

Pincode(s) 394 XXX, 395 XXX

 Area code 91-261-XXX-XXXX
Vehicle GJ-05, GJ-19, GJ-28[9]
registration

Sex ratio 1.27[10] ♂/♀

Coastline 35 km (22 mi)
Literacy rate 86.65%[11]

Language Gujarati

Website www.suratmunicipal.gov.in https
://surat.nic.in/

Surat is a city in the western Indian state of Gujarat. The word Surat literally

means face in Gujarati and Hindi. Located on the banks of the river Tapti near
its confluence with the Arabian Sea, it used to be a large seaport. It is now the
commercial and economic center in South Gujarat, and one of the
largest urban areas of western India. It has well-established diamond and
textile industry, and is a major supply centre for apparels and accessories.
About 90% of the world's diamonds supply are cut and polished in the city. [12]
[13][14] It is the second largest city in Gujarat after Ahmedabad and the eighth
largest city by population and ninth largest urban agglomeration in India. It is
the administrative capital of the Surat district. The city is located 284 km
(176 mi) south of the state capital, Gandhinagar; 265 km (165 mi) south
of Ahmedabad; and 289 km (180 mi) north of Mumbai. The city centre is
located on the Tapti River, close to Arabian Sea.[15]

Surat will be the world's fastest growing city from 2019 to 2035, according to a
study conducted by Economic Times.[16] The city registered an annualised
GDP growth rate of 11.5% over the seven fiscal years between 2001 and
2008.[17] Surat was awarded "best city" by the Annual Survey of India's City-
Systems (ASICS) in 2013.[18] Surat is selected as the first smart IT city in India
which is being constituted by the Microsoft CityNext Initiative tied up with IT
services majors Tata Consultancy Services and Wipro.[19] The city has 2.97
million internet users, about 65% of total population. [20] Surat was selected in
2015 for an IBM Smarter Cities Challenge grant.[21][22] Surat has been
selected as one of twenty Indian cities to be developed as a smart
city under PM Narendra Modi's flagship Smart Cities Mission.[23]

Surat is listed as the second cleanest city of India as of 21 August 2020

according to the Swachh Survekshan 2020 on 20 August.[24][25] It suffered a
major pipeline fire which caused some damage.[26]

Surat, famous for its diamond cutting and polishing, is known as the Diamond
City of India.[1] The city has various engineering plants like Essar, Larsen and
Toubro and RIL. Surat won the Netexplo Smart Cities Award 2019 with
UNESCO in the resilience category. Surat's mayor will receive the award at
the UNESCO House in Paris, France in March next year. [27]

History
Main article: History of Surat

Surat growth map

Etymology

The traditional account is that Surat was built up by a wealthy Hindu merchant
named Gopi around the year 1500. At first, the town had no name and was
simply called "the new place". Gopi consulted with astrologers, who
suggested the name "Suraj", or "Suryapur", or "city of the sun". Gopi sent a
request to the unnamed king of Gujarat for this to be the new town's name,
but the name smacked too much of Hinduism for the Muslim king, so he
altered it to Surat after the word surah, which is the name of the chapters of
the Qur'an. However, the names Suryapur and Surat are both mentioned in
sources before 1500, so both the name and the town predate Gopi's time. [28]: 
82–4 

Duarte Barbosa described Surat as Suratt. Jacob Peeters referred to Surat as

Sourratte which is a Dutch name.[29] There are many other names of Surat in
history. Surat is referred to as Surrat, Surate or Soorat in some literature. [30]

Surat in 1690
Surat in 1877

Dutch-Armenian Cemetery of Surat

Surat before the Mughal Empire

Before the rise of Surat in the 1500s, the nearby town of Rander was the main
commercial centre in the area. Rander had a prominent Arab merchant
community involved in overseas trade with regions such as Burma, China,
Malaya, and Sumatra. In the 1500s, Rander declined due to Portuguese raids.
Surat became an important port city around the same time, and some of
Rander's merchant population likely moved to Surat for economic opportunity.
[28]: 82–3 

Early references to Surat appear by the 10th century, but they shed little light
on what type of settlement it was. As Suryapur, it is mentioned along with
Bharuch as a place where an army from Anhilwara passed through in 990 en
route to attack the ruler of Lata. Suryapur may also be the port called
"Surabaya" mentioned by the 10th-century Arabic geographer Istakhri as
being four days south of Khambhat and five days north of Sanjan. Other
Arabic authors spelled the name as "Subara" or "Sufara". The identification of
this place with Surat, though, is uncertain, and in any case these early
mentions of Suryapur or Surabaya don't indicate whether it was a sizeable
town or just a small hamlet.[28]: 82–3 

Another early mention of Surat is in the 1190s, after Qutb ud-Din Aibak, then
a general of Muhammad Ghuri, defeated the Chaulukya king Bhima II in
battle. According to the local histories of Bakshi Mian Walad Shah Ahmad and
Munshi Ghulam Mohi ud-Din, Aibak went as far south as Rander and Surat.
Surat was then ruled by a Hindu chief based at nearby Kamrej. This ruler
initially tried to take refuge in a garden at Surat, but then decided that he had
no chance of resisting Aibak's forces and offered his submission. Aibak, in
turn, confirmed him as ruler of Kamrej.[28]: 82–3 

From 1297, Gujarat was gradually conquered by Allauddin Khilji, the ruler of
the principal state in north India at the time, the Delhi Sultanate. The Delhi
Sultanate appointed Governors to control Gujarat, but this had to be forcefully
imposed, notably in 1347, when Muhammad bin Tughluq sacked Surat,
among other cities.[31] Firoz Shah Tughlaq later built a fort at Surat in 1373.
According to Bakshi Mian's account, when Zafar Khan was appointed
governor of Gujarat in 1391, he appointed his son Masti Khan to govern
Rander and Surat, but Bakshi Mian adds that Surat was not very populous at
this point.[28]: 82–3 

As control from the Delhi Sultanate waned at the end of the 14th century,
pressure grew for an independent Gujarat, culminating in Zafar Khan
declaring independence in 1407. Surat was controlled directly by the nobles of
the Rajput kingdom of Baglana who fell either under the Gujarat Sultans or
the Deccan sultanates. However, following the fall of the Gujarat Sultanate in
1538 it was controlled by more local nobles starting with Chengiz Khan who
enjoyed absolute authority over Surat, Broach, Baroda and Champaner.
[32] However, in 1637, Aurangzeb fully annexed Baglana into the Mughal
Empire.[33]

In 1514, the Portuguese traveler Duarte Barbosa described Surat as an

important seaport, frequented by many ships from Malabar and various parts
of the world. By 1520, the name of the city had become Surat. It was burned
by the Portuguese (1512 and 1530) and conquered by the Mughals (1573)
and was twice raided by the Maratha king Shivaji (17th century).[34]

During the Mughal Empire

It was the most prosperous port in the Mughal empire. [35] Despite being a rich
city, Surat looked like a typical "grubby" trader's town with mud-and-bamboo
tenements and crooked streets, although along the riverfront there were a few
mansions and warehouses belonging to local merchant princes and the
establishments of Turkish, Armenian, English, French and Dutch traders.
There were also hospitals for cows, horses, flies and insects run by
religious Jains, which puzzled travelers.[35] Some streets were narrow while
others were of sufficient width. In the evening, especially near the Bazaar
(marketplace), the streets became crowded with people and merchants
(including Banyan merchants) selling their goods. Surat was a populous city
during the Mughal era but also had a large transient population: during
the monsoon season, when ships could come and go from the ports without
danger, the city's population would swell.[35] In 1612, England established its
first Indian trading factory in Surat.[34] The city was looted twice by the
Maratha king Shivaji, with the first sacking occurring in 1664.[15][34] Shivaji's
raids scared trade away and caused ruin to the city. [35]

Later, Surat became the emporium of India, exporting gold and cloth. Its major
industries were shipbuilding and textile manufacture. [34] The coast of the Tapti
River, from Athwalines to Dumas, was specially meant for shipbuilders, who
were usually Rassis.[15] The city continued to be prosperous until the rise of
Bombay (present-day Mumbai). Afterward, Surat's shipbuilding industry
declined and Surat itself gradually declined throughout the 18th century. [15]
[34] During 1790–1791, an epidemic killed 100,000 Gujaratis in Surat.[36] The
British and Dutch both claimed control of the city, but in 1800, the British took
control of Surat.[15][34] A fire in 1837 resulted in more than 500 deaths and the
destruction of much of the city.[37]

By the middle of the 19th century, Surat had become a stagnant city with
about 80,000 inhabitants. When India's railways opened, the city started
becoming prosperous again. Silks, cotton, brocades, and objects of gold and
silver from Surat became famous and the ancient art of manufacturing
fine muslin was revived.[34]

Modern period

Post Independence

After India gained independence on 15 August 1947, Surat became part of

India. At that time it was a part of Bombay State. Later it became the part of
Gujarat state. Along with Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Pune, Nagpur and Vadodara,
Surat became one of the fast growing cities and major commercial and
industrial centers of Western India. During the post-independence period,
Surat has experienced considerable growth in industrial activities especially
textiles and chemical along with trading activities. [38] On 2 October 2007 Surat
district was split into two by the creation of a new Tapi district, under the Surat
District Re-organisation Act 2007.

Geography
Tapi river

Surat is a port city situated on the banks of the Tapi river. Damming of the

Tapi caused the original port facilities to close; the nearest port is now in
the Magadalla and Hazira area of Surat Metropolitan Region. It has a famous
beach called 'Dumas Beach' located in Hazira. The city is located
at 21°12′18″N 72°50′24″E.[39] It has an average elevation of 13 metres. The
Surat district is surrounded by the Bharuch, Narmada, Navsari, to the west is
the Gulf of Cambay and the surrounding districts. The climate is tropical and
monsoon rainfall is abundant (about 2,500 mm a year). According to
the Bureau of Indian Standards, the town falls under seismic zone-III, in a
scale of I to V (in order of increasing vulnerability to earthquakes). [40]

Climate

Surat has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen: Aw), moderated strongly by the

Sea to the Gulf of Camboy. The summer begins in early March and lasts until
June. April and May are the hottest months, the average maximum
temperature being 37 °C (99 °F). Monsoon begins in late June and the city
receives about 1,200 mm (47 in) of rain by the end of September, with the
average maximum being 32 °C (90 °F) during those months. October and
November see the retreat of the monsoon and a return of high temperatures
until late November. Winter starts in December and ends in late February,
with average mean temperatures of around 23 °C (73 °F), and negligible rain.

Since the 20th century, Surat has experienced some 20 floods. [41] In 1968,
most parts of the city were flooded and in 1994 a flood caused a country-wide
plague outbreak, Surat being the epicenter. In 1998, 30 per cent of Surat had
gone under water due to flooding in Tapti river following release of water
from Ukai dam located 90 km from Surat and in Aug 2006 flood more than 95
per cent of the city was under Tapti river waters, killing more than 120 people,
stranding tens of thousands in their homes without food or electricity and
closing businesses and schools for weeks. [41][42] The city is expected to
experience more flooding and extreme weather as climate change becomes
worse, so has invested in flood protection and climate
resilience infrastructure.[43]
 hideClimate data for Surat, Gujarat (1981–2010, extremes 1877–2012)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
38. 41. 41.
Record
3 7 44.0 45.6 45.6 45.6 38.9 37.2 1 41.4 39.4 38.9 45.6
high
(10 (10 (111 (114 (114 (114 (102 (99. (10 (106 (102 (102 (114
°C
0.9 7.1 .2) .1) .1) .1) .0) 0) 6.0 .5) .9) .0) .1)
(°F)
) ) )
Averag 30. 32. 32.
35.4 36.7 35.8 34.0 31.2 30.8 35.1 34.1 31.9 33.4
e high 8 3 3
(95. (98. (96. (93. (88. (87. (95. (93. (89. (92.
°C (87 (90 (90
7) 1) 4) 2) 2) 4) 2) 4) 4) 1)
(°F) .4) .1) .1)
Averag 15. 16. 25.
20.7 24.0 26.8 27.0 25.9 25.5 23.3 19.6 16.5 22.2
e low 2 7 4
(69. (75. (80. (80. (78. (77. (73. (67. (61. (72.
°C (59 (62 (77
3) 2) 2) 6) 6) 9) 9) 3) 7) 0)
(°F) .4) .1) .7)
Record 20.
4.4 5.6 8.9 15.0 19.4 20.2 19.9 21.0 14.4 10.6 6.7 4.4
low 6
(39 (42 (48. (59. (66. (68. (67. (69. (57. (51. (44. (39.
°C (69
.9) .1) 0) 0) 9) 4) 8) 8) 9) 1) 1) 9)
(°F) .1)
Averag
e 255. 466. 281. 186 1,24
1.9 0.3 0.7 0.5 2.4 40.7 5.1 1.1
rainfa 9 3 7 .7 3.3
(0. (0. (0.0 (0.0 (0.0 (1.6 (0.2 (0.0
ll mm (10. (18. (11. (7. (48.
07) 01) 3) 2) 9) 0) 0) 4)
(inche 07) 36) 09) 35) 95)
s)
Averag
e
0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 8.0 15.0 12.3 8.1 2.0 0.5 0.1 46.7
rainy
days
Averag
e rel
ative
humidi
41 34 33 42 58 70 80 79 70 52 44 43 53
ty (%
) (at
17:30 
IST)
Averag
e dew 9 10 24
10 14 19 23 25 25 19 14 11 17
point  (48 (50 (75
(50) (57) (66) (73) (77) (77) (66) (57) (52) (62)
°C ) ) )
(°F)
Averag
e ult
raviol 6 7 7 8 8 7 6 6 7 7 7 6 7
et
index
Source 1: India Meteorological Department[44][45][46] Time and Date (dewpoints,
2005-2015)[47]
Source 2: Weather Atlas[48]
Demographics
Religions in Surat[49]

Hinduism   85.31%
Islam   11.63%
Jainism   2.31%
Buddhism   0.28%
Christianity   0.25%
Others/not stated   0.23%
Includes Sikhs (0.10%).

Historical population
Year Pop. ±%
1810 73,000 —
1871 107,100 +46.7%
1881 109,800 +2.5%
1891 109,200 −0.5%
1901 119,300 +9.2%
1911 114,900 −3.7%
1921 117,400 +2.2%
1931 98,900 −15.8%
1941 171,400 +73.3%
1951 223,200 +30.2%
1961 288,000 +29.0%
1968 368,900 +28.1%
1971 492,700 +33.6%
1981 912,600 +85.2%
1991 1,519,000 +66.4%
2001 2,811,614 +85.1%
2011 4,591,246 +63.3%
2013 5,300,000 +15.4%
Source: [50]

A resident of Surat is called Surati. According to the 2011 India census, the

population of Surat is 4,467,797. Surat has an average literacy rate of 89%,
higher than the national average of 79.5%, male literacy is 93%, and female
literacy is 84%.[49]

Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. In Surat, 13% of the
population is under 6 years of age.

Politics

Darshana Jardosh, of BJP is the MP from the Surat Lok Sabha constituency.

The Assembly constituencies of Surat district are

This section is transcluded from 14th Gujarat Assembly. (edit | history)

hideNo. Constituency Name Party Remarks
155 Olpad Mukesh Patel BJP
156 Mangrol (Surat) Ganpat Vasava BJP
Anandbhai
157 Mandvi (Surat) INC
Chaudhari
158 Kamrej V. D. Zalavadiya BJP
159 Surat East Arvind Rana BJP
160 Surat North Kantibhai Balar BJP
161 Varachha Road Kumarbhai Kanani BJP
Pravinbhai
162 Karanj BJP
Ghoghari
163 Limbayat Sangita Patil BJP
164 Udhna Vivek Patel BJP
165 Majura Harsh Sanghavi BJP
166 Katargam Vinodbhai Moradiya BJP
167 Surat West Purnesh Modi BJP
168 Choryasi Zankhana Patel BJP
169 Bardoli (SC) Ishwarbhai Parmar BJP
170 Mahuva (Surat) (ST) Mohanbhai Dhodia BJP

Civic institutions

Muglisarai SMC Surat

The Surat Municipal Corporation is responsible for maintaining the city's civic

infrastructure as well as carrying out associated administrative duties. At
present, BJP is the ruling party with a majority. Under the Provisions of
Bombay Provincial Municipal Corporations Act, 1949, Section – 4, the powers
have been vested in three Distinct Statutory Authorities: the General Board,
the Standing Committee, and the Municipal Commissioner. It ranked 7 out of
21 cities for best administrative practices in India in 2014. It scored 3.5 on 10
compared to the national average of 3.3. It is the only city in India to disclose
municipal budgets on a weekly basis.[51]
Public Safety

Surat began the 'Safe City Project' in 2011 aimed at keeping the city safe
using surveillance cameras. The project was headed by Sanjay Srivastava
(IPS) who was then the Joint-Commissioner of Surat Police. The 280-square-
foot video wall claimed to be the largest surveillance screen in the country, is
being installed in the control room of Police Commissioner Mr. Rakesh
Asthana (IPS). This will help the police view the entire city live through 10,000
CCTV cameras across the city. Surat police have decided to install 5,000
CCTV cameras at sensitive points across the city. While 1,000 cameras will
be night vision cameras, 4,000 others will be simple CCTV cameras. This has
been installed on PPP base with the help of the city's businessmen, the city's
social persons, Surat Municipal Corporation, and the Surat City Police. [52]

Economy

ONGC plant in Hazira

Metropolitan Surat economic centers and industries map

Surat ranked 9th in India with a GDP of 2.60 lakh crore in fiscal year 2016
($40 billion in 2016). Surat GDP in 2020 will be around $57 billion estimated
by The City Mayors Foundation, an international think tank on urban affairs. [53]
[54] Surat is a major hub of diamond cutting and polishing. [55] The first diamond
workshops in Gujarat appeared in Surat and Navasari in the late 1950s. The
major group working in this industry is people from the Saurashtra region of
Gujarat. Because of demand in the American market from the early 1970s to
the mid-1980s (with only a brief recession in 1979), Surat's diamond industry
grew tremendously. Currently, most of the diamond polishing workshops are
running in the Varachha area of Surat, mostly by the people of
the Patel community.[56] Around the world, 8 out of 10 diamonds on the market
were cut and polished in Surat. This industry earns India about US$10 billion
in annual exports. That declined by about 18% in 2019 due to reduced
demand for diamonds. The decline continued in 2020 when the industry
closed for some months because of the COVID-19 pandemic in India.[57] A
legacy of old Dutch trade links, it began after a Surti entrepreneur returned
from East Africa bringing diamond cutters. The rough diamonds are mined in
South Africa and other regions of the African continent, and go from here as
smooth gems to Antwerp, Belgium where the international diamond trade is
run mainly by Hasidic Jews and Jains from Palanpur in North Gujarat.
[58] Surat's economy drives from a range of manufacturing and industry fields
such as diamonds, textiles, petrochemicals, shipbuilding, automobile, port etc.

Surat's Textile District Ring Road in 2007

Since it is known for producing textiles, including silk, Surat is known as the
textile hub of the nation or the Silk City of India. It is very famous for its cotton
mills and Surat Zari Craft. Surat is the biggest center of MMF (man-made
fiber) in India. It has a total of 381 dyeing and printing mills and 41,100 power
loom units. There are over a hundred thousand units and mills in total. The
overall annual turnover is around 5 billion rupees. There are over 800 cloth
wholesalers in Surat.[59] It is the largest manufacturer of clothes in India, and
Surti dress material can be found in any state of India. Surat produces 9
million meters of fabric annually, which accounts for 60% of the total polyester
cloth production in India. Now the city is focusing on increasing the exports of
its textile.[60]
 Aerial view of Surat ,Adajan Side. Sardar Patel bridge on Tapti river is visible in the middle

There are many SME Domestic IT Companies present in Surat. MNC IT

companies like IBM,[61] HCL have satellite or virtual branches in Surat. On 14
February 2014, Government of Gujarat DST had handover STPI Surat [62][63] at
Bhestan-Jiav Road, Bhestan Near Udhana-Sachin BRTS Route. Surat city
administration will demand for setting up of an information technology (IT) hub
and an Indian Institute of Information Technology (IIIT) on the outskirts of the
city.[64] Microsoft CityNext initiative has tied up with IT services majors Tata
Consultancy Services and Wipro to leverage technology for sustainable
growth of cities in India. The first smart IT city in India is being constituted by
the Microsoft CityNext Initiative in Surat, Gujarat.[19] In 2011, Surat hosted
India's first Microsoft DreamSpark Yatra (a tech event) with speakers from
Microsoft Headquarters at Redmond, Washington. The event was organised
by Ex-Microsoft Student Partner Samarth Zankharia.[65] In May 2015, Tech
giant IBM has chosen Surat among 16 global locations for its smart cities
program to help them address challenges like waste management, disaster
management and citizen services. Under the program, IBM will send a team
of experts to each of the chosen cities where they will spend three weeks
working closely with city staff analysing data about critical issues faced by its
local bodies;[22][66] the co-operation continued into 2016. [21]

Surat is being a port city, it has turned as a major commercial and industrial
hub in India. It is home for many companies such as Oil and Natural Gas
Corporation, Reliance Industries (Hazira Manufacturing Division), Essar
Steel, Larsen & Toubro, Krishak Bharati Cooperative, NTPC Limited, Bharat
Petroleum, Indian Oil Corporation, UltraTech
Cement, Shell, GAIL, GSEG, Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation, Hero
MotoCorp etc.[67] Hazira Port is located in Hazira, an industrial suburb where
most of the industries are located while other region is Magdalla which is also
developed as Port of Magdalla.[68]

The government of Gujarat plans another project near Surat similar to Gujarat
International Finance Tec-City (GIFT). The Chief Minister has suggested that
the government wishes to develop DREAM to have a five-seven star hotel,
bank, IT, corporate trading house, entertainment zone and other facilities
while the Surat Diamond Bourse (SDB) will be based there. Allotment
of Khajod land for the project is convenient for the state government because
they have 2,000 acres (810 ha) of available land. The Trade Centre, located
near Sarsana village, will have a 100,160 m  (1,078,100 sq ft) pillar-less air-
2

conditioned hall with a 90 by 35 m (295 by 115 ft) pillar-less dome.[69][70]

Transport

Surat International Airport

Built in 1860, Surat railway station falls under the administrative control

of Western Railway zone of the Indian Railways. In early 2016, the Indian
Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation rated the facility the best large
station in India based on cleanliness.

The Sitilink or Surat BRTS is a bus rapid transit system in the city. Initiated by
Bharat Shah, additional city engineer of Surat Municipal Corporation. It is
operated by Surat Municipal Corporation and as of August 2017, had a
network of 245 buses connecting major localities.[71]

Surat International Airport located in Magdalla, 11 kilometres (7 mi) southwest

of Surat. It is the 2nd busiest airport in Gujarat in terms of both aircraft
movements and passenger traffic. Currently, airlines such as Air India,
Alliance Air, AirAsia India, SpiceJet, IndiGo Airlines, Air Odisha, Ventura
AirConnect provide flight services from the Surat to various major cities like
New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Goa, Jaipur,
Visakhapatnam. There are also regular international flights on the Sharjah
route of Air India Express. Apart from the main city, Surat Airport also caters
to various localities of south Gujarat including Navsari, Bardoli, Valsad,
Bharuch, Ankleshwar.

Surat Metro is an under construction rapid transit rail system for the city. [72]

Culture

Food
Surat is known for its food and has its own list of cherished street foods.
There is a famous saying in Gujarati language "સુરતનું જમણ અને કાશીનું મરણ",
meaning Eat in Surat and Die in Kashi for the ultimate experience of the soul.
[73][74][75][76][77][78]

Locho and Idada

The unique dishes of surat includes Locho, Ghari (sweet), Surti Bhusu,

[79] Alupuri, Kavsa, Ponk, Undhiyu, Dhokla, Khaman, Sev Khamani, and so
forth.

People's love for food in Surat is so much that there is a lane called as "
Khaudra gali" which means foodie's lane which has all stalls of various types
of dishes specialty being Mysore Dosa.

Education

Universities

Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat is one of

31 National Institutes of Technology that are recognised as Institutes of
National Importance by the Government of India. Indian Institute of
Information Technology, Surat started in 2017.[80]

Most of the regional colleges are affiliated to Veer Narmad South Gujarat
University (VNSGU, named after the poet Veer Narmad), which has
headquarters in the Surat Metropolitan Region. Colleges are also affiliated
to SNDT, Gujarat Technological University and other
universities. Government Medical College, Surat is a more than 50 years old
medical school of 250 yearly student admission capacity with attached tertiary
care hospital, New Civil Hospital. Surat Municipal Institute of Medical
Education and Research (SMIMER) is a Municipal Medical College affiliated
with the Veer Narmad South Gujarat University. Auro University has also
started to provide education in Surat. [81]
Science Center

Science Center And Science Museum

Science Center, Surat is a multi-facility complex built by the Surat Municipal

Corporation in 2009, the first of its type in western India. The complex houses
a science center, museum, an art gallery, an auditorium, an amphitheater and
a planetarium.

Sports

Pandit Dindayal Upadhyay Indoor Stadium

Pandit DinDayal Upadhyay Indoor Stadium, Surat

With a seating capacity of 6800, Pandit Dindayal Upadhyay Indoor Stadium is

the first of its kind in the Western Region of India. The stadium frequently
organizes national and international indoor games such as volleyball, table
tennis, gymnastics, handball, boxing, wrestling, badminton, basketball, and
tennis. It has a central arena of size 63 m x 33 m, rooms for participants and
team officials, and other essential facilities including snack bars. This is also a
convenient venue for organizing cultural programs, music concerts, drama,
fashion shows, seminars, conferences, and many more. The Indoor Stadium
also hosted TEDxSurat 2018 on 7 October 2018 which is the largest TEDx
conference in Gujarat and one of the largest TEDx conferences in the world.
[82]

Lalbhai Contractor Cricket Stadium

Lalbhai contractor cricket stadium has a capacity of more than 7000 and
hosted several Ranji, Irani and Duleep Trophy matches. The stadium also
serves as a primary destination for local budding cricketers and enthusiasts.
The stadium has hosted several benefit matches for international cricketers as
well.

Surat in literature
 The Coffee-House of Surat[83] - By Leo Tolstoy
 A Voyage to Surat in the Year 1689[84] - by John Ovington
 Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Gujarát Surat and Broach [85]
 The Land of Malabar[86] - by Duarte Barbosa
 Plague in Surat: Crisis in Urban Governance [87]- By Archana Ghosh & S.
Sami Ahmad
 Surat In The Seventeenth Century[88] - by Balkrishna Govind Gokhale
 Surat, Port of the Mughal Empire[89] - by Ruby Maloni
 Surat, Broach and Other Old Cities of Goojerat [90] - by Theodore Hope

Neighborhoods and localities

This section needs
expansion. You can help
by adding to it. (January
2023)

 Godsamba
 Kanpura
 Mahuvaria
 Mosali
 Naldhara

Notable people
 Abbas–Mustan, Bollywood directors
 Hashim Amla, South African Cricketer
 Henry Barnes-Lawrence (1815–1896), Anglican clergyman, and founder of
the Association for the Protection of Sea-Birds[91]
 Chahhyaben Bhuva, politician
 Kiransinh Chauhan, Gujarati poet and scriptwriter
 Abdulgani Dahiwala, Gujarati poet
 Ismail Darbar, Bollywood composer[92]
 Freddy Daruwala, Bollywood actor
 Harmeet Desai, table-tennis player
 Prachi Desai, actress in Bollywood[93]
 Savji Dholakia, an Indian businessman. He is the founder and chairman
of Hari Krishna Export.
 Pratik Gandhi, Bollywood actor
 Yazdi Karanjia, theatre person - noted as one of the doyens of Parsi
theatre
 Sanjeev Kumar (actual name Haribhai Jariwala), film actor [94]
 Mareez, 20th century Gujarati poet, popular for his ghazals
 Narmad, Gujarati poet, playwright, essayist, orator, lexicographer and
reformer under the British Raj
 Dhwanil Parekh, 20th century Gujarati poet
 Hardik Pandya, Indian international Cricketer
 Laljibhai Patel, an Indian diamantaire and philanthropic social activist, who
is the chairman of Dharmanandan Diamonds Pvt. Ltd.(DDPL)
 Hendrik van Rheede (1636–1691), Dutch botanist and colonial
administrator. Died of the coast of Mumbai and was buried at the Dutch
Cemetery in Surat.
 Mufaddal Saifuddin religious leader of the Dawoodi Bohra
 Gunvant Shah, educationist and columnist
 Bhagwatikumar Sharma, author and journalist
 Farooq Sheikh, actor and television presenter[95]
 Abid Surti, Indian cartoonist and writer
 Mehul Surti, Indian musician
 Mohammed Surti, Indian National Congress politician
 Rusi Surti, Indian cricketer
 Naval Tata, former chairman of Tata Group
 Virji Vora, businessman known as "merchant prince" during Mughal era [96]

See also
 List of tourist attractions in Surat
 Surat Railway Station
 Surat International Airport
 Surat BRTS
 Surat Metro
 Surat Metropolitan Region

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External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Surat.

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Surat.

  Website of Surat Municipal Corporation
 Pincode list
 "Surat" . Collier's New Encyclopedia. 1921.
 "Surat" . New International Encyclopedia. 1905.

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SURAT TOPICS

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POPULATED PLACES IN SURAT DISTRICT

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Look up masak in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Masak may refer to:

People[edit]
 Joanie Alice Masak French (b. 1995), Inuit-Irish-Canadian singer
granddaughter of Alice Masak French
 Alice Masak French (1930–2013), Inuit-Canadian author
 Peter Masak (1957–2004), Canadian-American aviator
 Ron Masak (1936–2022), American actor

Other uses[edit]
 mashak, a South Asian bagpipe
 Masak Scimitar, an American glider designed by Peter Masak

See also[edit]
 All pages with titles containing Masak

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Masak.

If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Category: 
 Disambiguation pages
 This page was last edited on 12 January 2023, at 21:36 (UTC).
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For the Greek singer, see Amalia Bakas. For the Dutch cricketer, see Rifaiz
Bakas.

Bakas
Bakkas

Village

Bakas
Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
Show map of Uttar Pradesh Show map of India
Show all
Coordinates:  26.78914°N
81.04875°ECoordinates:  26.78914°N 81.04875°E[1]

Country  India
State Uttar Pradesh
District Lucknow
 Area
[2]
2
 • Total 7.305 km  (2.820 sq mi)

Elevation 120 m (390 ft)

[1]

Population
 (2011)[2]
 • Total 8,171
2
 • Density 1,100/km  (2,900/sq mi)

Languages
 • Official Hindi

Time zone UTC+5:30 (IST)

Bakas, also spelled Bakkas, is a village in Gosainganj block of Lucknow

district, Uttar Pradesh, India.[2] As of 2011, its population is 8,171, in 1,444
households.[2] It is the seat of a gram panchayat.[3]

History[edit]

Around the turn of the 20th century, Bakas was described as "a considerable
village" in the northern part of the pargana of Mohanlalganj, with a population
of 2,200.[4] The lands belonging to the village stretched northward to the bank
of the Gomti River; they were extensively cultivated, with loamy soil and
irrigation provided from tanks and wells.[4] Bakas hosted a weekly market, and
it was held in zamindari tenure by the Janwars of Mau.[4]

References[edit]
1. ^ Jump up to:a b "Geonames.org. Bakas". Retrieved 15 March 2021.
2. ^ Jump up to:a b c d "Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Lucknow,
Part A (Village and Town Directory)". Census 2011 India. pp. 185–202. Retrieved 15
March 2021.
3. ^ "Villages | District Lucknow, Government of Uttar Pradesh | India". lucknow.nic.in.
4. ^ Jump up to:a b c Nevill, H.R. (1904). Lucknow - A Gazetteer. Allahabad: Government Press.
pp. 171–2. Retrieved 17 March 2021.

This Lucknow district location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Categories: 
 Villages in Lucknow district
 Lucknow division geography stubs
 This page was last edited on 28 January 2023, at 19:07 (UTC).
 Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0; additional terms may apply. By using this
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