Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
Division of City of San Pedro
Casa Del Niño Montessori & Science High School
Fe Medalla St. Pacita 2, City of San Pedro

Attitudes of Junior High School Students

toward the Blended Learning Modality
of Casa Del Niño Montessori
& Science High School
S.Y. 2022-2023

Members:

Elomina, Joshua

Mortel, Gabriel

Navarrosa, Yerachmiel Jannes

Rongavilla, Geoseph
 Chapter I

The Problem and Its Background

Introduction

The introduction of the blended learning modality made students go outside even during the

pandemic to experience face-to-face learning. For 2 years, students were inside their homes to study

without ever going out due to the pandemic at that time. The fact that blended learning has made

students change their schedule just to adapt to their new surroundings is a big challenge for students

because they have been used to online learning. This new learning modality takes a toll on students

because it will be hard to eventually change from online learning to blended learning, and after a few

months, onto traditional learning. Some students will find it difficult to deal with this blended learning,

although others will be overjoyed because they get to meet their teachers and classmates physically.

         One question that needs to be investigated however is about the satisfaction of students with

the blended learning modality in the Philippines. Studies such as "Blended learning in higher

education: Research questions and proposed framework" by Garrison, J.C., & Vaughan, N.D. (2005)

and "Blended learning in action: A practical guide toward sustainable change" by Tucker, C.R. (2012)

are examples of studies that are not relevant to present day. Since the situations from before are

different from today, where students are new to blended learning and may be used to pure online

learning, the researchers aim to not be biased within this research meaning that this study should not

only cover the positive perspectives of students but also the negative.      

         The main objective of the researchers is to evaluate the perspective of students towards the

blended learning modality of Casa Del Niño Science High School. This research can bring awareness

and change how people or school attends to students within this new learning modality. Blended

learning was first introduced to the participants after having pure online education for 2 years

because of a global pandemic event, because of this change this study wants to find what ways

schools may improve this method. The positive and negative attitudes of students towards the

current blended learning, and how much does a student understand about this method. With the use

of questionnaires, this study will gather students' thoughts and experiences about blended learning.
Since this study was first introduced right after blended learning, the researchers will be able to solve

the gaps about the relevancy and the difference of the situation.

Background of the Study

Blended learning is one of the most important ways of the educational process. It has been

found that blended learning responds to the educational needs of students, delivering them

satisfaction, shaping and perfecting their linguistic skills, as well as developing critical thinking skills

(Aladwan et al., 2018). 

Blended learning, a mix of face-to-face learning and pure online learning may introduce some

problems or advantages to students, the attitude or the reaction of the students towards the

introduction of blended learning will be the focus of this study. According to Chen and Yao (2015),

there are many factors that can influence the satisfaction of students in blended learning, where the

researchers can also learn about the effectiveness of the blended learning modality. Blended learning

involves the elements of self-control by the student of the educational route, time, place, and pace of

learning, as well as the integration of the learning experience with the teacher and online. In the

blended learning process, online learning and teacher-related or face-to-face learning are equally

important. The environment within online learning provides students with the opportunity to control

the pace, time, place, and path of learning. It helps develop planning skills, self-control, and self-

regulation and also gives freedom (Aladwan et al., 2018). Using blended learning helps students

communicate with the teachers, which is easier than pure online learning. This allows the students to

understand a lesson more clearly because they can interact with the activities given to them, unlike

pure online learning where you sit on your computer. Blended learning can be an alternative and a

teacher's approach to include technology in the teaching and learning process, according to a study

by Purnawarman, Susilawati, and Sundayana (2016). However, blended learning has some

disadvantages. Ghimire, B. (2022) states that schools in remote and rural areas struggle to implement

technology which results in schools closing down. This is commonly due to a lack of funding by school

administrators or by the government. That is why remote and rural areas favor face-to-face classes

as their modality because of their undemanding need for resources. Blended learning can also impact
students’ mental and physical health. According to Barrot et al. (2021), mental health is most affected

by students’ online learning. Heavy workloads such as worksheets, projects, and assignments are

mostly associated with stress. Long hours on devices can cause blurred vision, improper posture, and

high exposure levels to radiation. Asiri, H., & Bahamdan, A. (2020) reported that prolonged sitting

can lead to different health diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and other chronic health diseases.

Blended learning has incorporated technology with learning. Certain schools promote the use of

online activities to accomplish tasks given to students. Korucu, A. T., & Alkan, A. (2017) stated that

students experience distraction when using online materials. Students tend to get side-tracked

especially when social media is needed for the materials. Ke, F. (2016) added that students that

experience distraction tend to have lower performance in class.  Blended learning is gaining

popularity among educators because many believe it "combines the best of both worlds" by allowing

students to learn in both online and traditional classroom settings (Tomlinson et al., 2013). The

return of face-to-face classes but with pure online learning may introduce some challenges or

advantages to students, due to the pandemic allowing only the pure online learning modality 2 years

ago, this new learning method will give students new experiences, which will be the main foundation

of this study. Since the start of the pandemic, students were only using pure online learning for

education; the change to the blended learning modality might affect the students, wherein the study

will look into what the students feel towards blended learning.

Rationale

The objective of this study is to investigate more about the attitude, reactions, perspectives,

and what the students feel toward blended learning at Casa Del Niño Science High School. This study

can provide valuable insights for school administrators into where improvements for the blended

modality can be made. Through this research, the researchers would be able to understand the

attitudes of students and perspectives where certain improvements can be made regarding the

implementation of blended modality. Since the pandemic, students have been using pure online

learning for 2 years and have changed to blended learning this school year 2022-2023. Due to this,

the researchers aim to provide more relevant information about this topic.
Statement of the Problem

The researchers will investigate the attitude or perspective of high school students toward the

blended learning modality. For the past 2 years during the pandemic, students have only been able to

study through pure online learning. This study intends to answer the following research questions:

1.      What are the demographic characteristics of the participants?

2.     What are the positive and negative attitudes of the participants toward blended learning?

3.      What is the understanding of the participants toward the need for blended learning?

Conceptual Framework

Figure 1: Conceptual Framework of Blended Learning Modality

The figure above shows how the attitudes of students describe the blended learning

modality, where this research study will be focusing on the positive and negative attitudes of students

and their understanding of the need for blended learning.  Focusing the study’s ground on the Social

Cognitive Theory (SCT), it aims to investigate how the blended learning modality affects the students’

attitudes.
Theoretical Framework

This study will integrate the Social Cognitive Theory or SCT according to Albert Bandura, the

person who developed this theory human motivation and action is extremely regulated by

forethought. SCT is a learning theory where the environment of a person contributes to the behavior

of the individual. It is said that people learn by observing others, with the environment, behavior, and

condition acting as primary factors that can influence the development of someone. This theory says

that rather than passively absorbing the knowledge from their environment, it argues that people

actively change how they learn by expecting the outcomes of their actions, which will affect their

environmental inputs and personal factors, in short, changing their behavior (Schunk, 2012). This

theory is important to this research because the researchers want to find the attitude of the students

toward blended learning, wherein blended learning is the new environment for students, and the

attitude of students is the dependent variable that can change because of the environment.

Hypothesis

         The following hypotheses will be tested:

: r = o The researchers hypothesized that there are no preferences when it comes to the type of

modality a school has.

: r = o The researchers hypothesized that students will prefer either blended learning, face-to-face

learning, or online learning modalities.

Significance of the Study

         This study will help provide a new perspective on the different attitudes students may have

toward blended learning. The results of the study will be of great benefit to the following:
 School System. The results of the study can help schools improve their blended modality and help

ease students with their tasks. 

Students. The study can help students communicate with school administrators regarding their

concerns about the blended learning modality

Teachers. The results of the study can help teachers improve their teaching techniques to help

students understand certain lessons better. 

Future researchers. Future researchers can use this study as a guide if ever conduct a similar study or

topic.

Scope and Delimitations

         The study will cover how students show their attitude towards the blended learning modality

in the school. The primary participants in this study are the junior high school students of Casa Del

Niño Science High School, in the school year 2022-2023. Using Slovin's sample size formula, to

determine the responses that will be accepted in this study, the sample size of the study is 193. 

Definition of Terms

Blended learning modality. It is an approach where traditional and online learning are both present in

learning. 

Online learning modality. A mode of education where students have the ability to access school

materials through the internet. 

Attitudes. It refers to a person’s emotion, thinking, or belief toward an idea or educational program.

Understanding. It refers to the ability to comprehend a design or idea. 

 Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature and Studies

Review of Related Literature has always been an important part of the research. It helps

researchers know more about their topic and understand it more clearly. Completing the review of

related literature has enabled students to have a clear understanding of the topic, better background

knowledge of the topic, and answer what needs to be answered.  

Definition of Blended learning

Searching how other studies define blended learning will help us understand how other

studies conducted their investigation. It will help us provide a better understanding of what blended

learning exactly is. 

According to Korkmaz & Karakus (2009), blended learning is a setting where several

approaches and techniques are applied. It is described as a situation in which traditional classroom-

based training is mixed with online learning. Blended learning is seen as a method that enables

students to complete their work in settings where technology can be used to lighten their workload.

    Hipol et al. (2020) defined blended learning as a modality that tries to maximize the benefits

of both conventional and online programs, helping reduce the drawbacks of using just conventional

or online sessions. Despite the spread of online courses, face-to-face classes retain their significance

because they provide opportunities for quick and personal interactions and answers between

teachers and students. Confrontation meetings also provide teachers with the opportunity to perform

direct monitoring and control over learning processes and activities. Classroom meetings, on the

other hand, are constantly constrained by time limits.

    Askar et al. (2008) defined blended learning as the balance of online access to knowledge

and face-to-face interaction of students to students and students to teachers. The amount of online

and face-to-face components will depend on the blended courses.

Blended learning is also the balance of strategies that is for the improvement of student learning,

wherein we can use online or traditional learning.  

    Aladwan et al. (2018) forwarded that blended learning is one of the most important ways of

the educational process, due to it being the combination of traditional and online learning. In

blended learning, online learning and face-to-face learning are equally important according to him.

Since the online learning environment allows the students to control their pace, time, place, and

method of learning, this allows the development of the student’s planning skills, self-control, and

self-regulation, which also gives freedom.

Definition of Attitude

    People can define attitude in many ways, but this topic should only be focusing on one

definition. Reading and searching for related literature and finding their own definition of the

different attitudes of students will help greatly for the method that this research intends to carry

out. 

           Korkmaz & Karakus (2009) defined student attitudes or performance by how teachers

approach their different school subjects. Students tend to participate more if teachers have a positive

strategy toward learning. This can affect a student’s performance in both online and face-to-face

classes.

    Hipol et al. (2020) remarked that students' concerns and challenges in online education may

also lead to higher dropout rates in purely online classrooms. Furthermore, there are students and

even teachers who realize that they are not fit for purely online educational situations. This is true

even when synchronous discussions are included in online courses. When compared to individuals
who attend both synchronous and asynchronous online education, those who receive synchronous

online classes do better.

    Student satisfaction, according to Askar et al. (2008), is the student’s perception of their

school or their experience in school and how they value the education received from their

corresponding educational institutions.  Learner satisfaction is one of the factors for the success of

school programs. Student satisfaction is the combination of several factors, and they categorized

these factors into 6 groups: Learner-learner interaction, learner-teacher interaction, online

environment, technical support, printed materials, and face-to-face environment.

       Aladwan et al. (2018) defined student attitude as something that is influenced by student

satisfaction, the quality of textbooks, and the quality of face-to-face activities. The results from their

survey showed that their students had a positive attitude towards the combination of online and

face-to-face learning.

Advantages and disadvantages of blended learning

    Korkmaz & Karakus (2009) described blended learning is more effective than traditional

learning, more convenient, and has a better understanding of courses. Blended learning imposes

interaction in face-to-face classes, flexibility from switching different forms of learning, and a much

safer way of learning.

        Although, some students may be required to put in a lot of effort because of being unfamiliar

with this approach; moreover, students with low computer literacy may find it challenging to deal

with online materials and tasks (Suwantarathip, 2019). Thus, understanding the important factors

affecting hybrid learning would be one of the essential elements in implementing this approach.

    Hipol et al. (2020) revealed that students from blended classes have more access to

materials and can receive learning monitoring from their teachers both inside and outside of the

classroom. This can be accomplished by “creating conversation” forums by which students may
speak with one another and with their teachers, interaction can be established in an “online

environment”.This may necessitate greater time and sacrifices on the part of instructors.

        Aladwan et al. (2018) stated that blended learning combines the advantages of online and

traditional learning, whereas face-to-face introduces an interaction between students and teachers.

It also creates a favorable educational environment for them, where the SCT or social cognitive

theory can be introduced. This environment creates the mood to achieve better results and the

motivation to study. The advantage of online learning is the ability of the students to choose their

material, pace, time, and place of study. This creates the freedom for the students to learn at any

pace. Due to online learning, many tests can also be done online which can give more freedom for

the teachers.

Impact of blended learning

    Blended learning has allowed students to adjust from online modality to face-to-face

modality. Students have been able to achieve efficiency in handling different tasks due to blended

learning (Korkmaz & Karakus, 2009). They also mentioned that schools have been also using

technology to allow students to understand subjects more clearly and thus, improving their overall

performance.

    Birbal et al. (2018) examined students’ attitudes towards blended learning and reported that

there was a significant difference between male and female attitudes in online learning, in which

male students had a more positive attitude than females. Ora, et al. (2018) investigated students’

perception of hybrid learning and found that there were no significant differences between male and

female students in the perception of hybrid learning and the components of hybrid learning.

    The findings from the study of Hipol et al. (2020) revealed a substantial difference in post-

test scores between the experimental and control groups in favor of the experimental group. This

meant that 60 percent blended learning education was more effective than 20 percent mixed

learning instruction.
         Online learning is important in Turkey (Askar et al., 2008). It is recognized as the main

method of learning for all levels, except primary. The introduction of blended learning will be better

for the country. Blended learning is the harmonious balance between online access to knowledge

and face-to-face human interaction (Askar et al., 2008).

           Aladwan et al. (2018) noted that universities in Jordan are moving from e-learning to

blended learning. They also said that it is one of the most important ways of the educational process.

They concluded that blended learning can impact their school in a good way due to the results of

their survey. They also concluded that the students had a positive attitude towards blended learning

from the survey.

Factors affecting the attitude towards blended learning

    One of the factors affecting the attitude toward blended learning is the teacher’s perception

of the subject (Korkmaz & Karakus, 2009). They revealed that a teacher’s outlook is crucial because

a positive perception toward the subject makes the students ask questions, participate and overall

understand the subject well.

    Hipol et al. (2020) noted that blended learning “discouraged some participants who were

less confident about their technological expertise, their ability to engage actively to synchronous

cognitive discourse or the purpose of the web video conferences in general”. The technological

expertise of students is a factor that can affect their attitude toward blended learning.

        Askar et al. (2008) suggest that six factors are related to the satisfaction of students towards

blended learning, which are Learner-Learner interaction, Learner-Teacher interaction, Online

environment, Technical support, Printed materials, Face to Face environment. Their finding supports

the idea that student satisfaction in online courses can depend on many factors. They mentioned

that students can personalize their e-learning environment which opens a place for more research to

be done. Future research is suggested about the learning styles and strategies in e-learning

environments.
    Aladwan et al. (2018) added that the factors that influenced the adoption of blended learning

are due to it being more effective than traditional e-learning, better learning systems, learning goals,

and educational technology preference. These can also be factors that affect the attitudes toward

blended learning.  

Chapter 3

Methodology

  This chapter will show the method the researchers of this study will conduct, which will

include the research design, methodology, sampling design, instrumentation, data collection, and

analysis. This chapter will also show its validity and reliability, with the appropriate statistical

treatment of the data gathered.

Research Design

  The researchers will use a descriptive research design because it is the most applicable to this

type of study. The descriptive design is used for this research because the researchers will gather

data that describes the attitude of the students towards blended learning. They will need to obtain

answers from the experiences or the feedback of the participants. Quantitative is also needed for this

research because this study will gather data that will not contain words but only yes or no answers

which can be turned into a percentage and will use data that can be easily expressed in numbers.
  An online electronic questionnaire will be used as the main data-gathering instrument

because it allows the researchers easier access to the data that will be received from the high school

students. The researchers will use the form of a questionnaire for participants to answer properly with

2 options, yes or no. The researchers have chosen an electronic questionnaire due to it being

advantageous to their study, like the response from the participants will have complete anonymity

where even the researchers would not know who responded. For this reason, the participant may

answer the survey honestly. Since the participants are in blended learning, having an electronic

survey rather than a traditional pen-and-paper survey, they will be able to answer this survey anytime

within the given time frame.

Sample Selection

  The researchers will determine the sample group by using Slovin’s formula from the

population of each grade level. Junior high school students who will be participating in this study will

be from CDNSHS where their total population will be estimated at 363. A population of 363 or more

participants will be answering the survey and their answers to the survey will be gathered, where

their answers will be sampled afterward. The answers of the participants will be grouped according to

their grade, then after using Slovin’s formula on the population amounts of each grade level with a

margin error of 0.05, the total sample amount will be 190 participants. The study will be using a

stratified random sampling technique to sample the data, where the researchers will group the

student’s answers according to their grade level or a stratum, and then the researchers will use a

computerized random number generator to pick the answers until the calculated sample amount of

each grade level is reached, and that sampled data will be used for this research. Using an application

for generating random numbers the researchers will be able to identify the 190 participants. The

researchers chose this method because it is the most appropriate and useful for this research study.

Instrumentation
  The participants will be answering the survey through Google Forms which is an electronic

questionnaire, which can be used as the main data-gathering instrument. This questionnaire has 36

questions and 4 parts: I. Participant’s Demographic, II. The attitude towards blended learning, III.

The negative attitude towards blended learning, and IV. The level of understanding about the need

for blended learning. For the first part, the participants will be answering a multiple choice question

for them to be able to fill up the form. While in Parts II-IV, people will be answering statements using

yes or no, without writing any reason, for this study to be quantitative.

Data Processing and Analysis

         After validating the statements of the survey inside Google Forms, it will be distributed

through messenger to certain class presidents to send the survey to the respondents. The survey was

distributed to the respondents in accordance with their agreement to the survey and the ethical

considerations of the researchers. The data gathered will be first organized and tabulated in order

according to the statistical treatment that will be used to interpret the data. In this stage, the service

of a statistical consultant will be needed.

 Data Gathering,
Formulation of Validating of Distribution via
Analysis, and
Survey Survey Google Forms
Interpretation

Figure 2. Framework on Data Gathering and Processing Procedure

The figure above presents the steps taken by the researchers in order to gather the data.

First, the researchers will be forming a survey. Second, the survey will be validated. Third, the

questionnaire will be given to the participants via Google Forms for the participants to answer. For

nominal data, the researchers will only have 2 categories to analyze and interpret the result of the

survey. The survey given to the participants consists of statements that they can answer with agree

and disagree. The types of questions in the survey are called dichotomous questions. To determine

the students’ attitudes towards blended learning, the paired t-test will be utilized. Paired T-test is a

parametric test that assumes that the data are normally distributed and that the variances of the two

groups are equal.

Statistical Treatment

There will be no need for a statistical treatment since our method can be treated using

frequencies and percentages, and be interpreted using a scale. Add Study

Risk and Safety Measures

         The electronic survey will be easily distributed via Google Forms and Messenger, all of which

are through online means. Under the circumstance of a pandemic, this survey did not require an

interaction between people, which eliminated the risk of being infected during the survey.

Costing

         There was no cost since online surveys are a great option for the investigation since it

provides easy access to the respondents, this also enables the researchers to use it for free and is

more efficient than other methods. Since consultation is via Google Meet there will also be no

transportation fee. The only cost that was needed was printing the papers for revisions.

Ethical Consideration

         This study credits past researchers that helped with this research. Proper citations would be

included to credit past researchers that have done similar research to this study. Full consent must be

obtained from the participants before answering the questions. All information is kept confidential and

used only for research. Names would not be needed for the research. Participants can also decide

whether they can answer the questionnaire or not. Any questions from the participants as long as

related to the study would be entertained. Lastly, participants have the option to skip certain

questions that may be uncomfortable for them to answer. 

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