International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)

Volume 9, Issue 11, November 2018, pp. 1164–1169, Article ID: IJCIET_09_11_111
Available online at http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJCIET?Volume=9&Issue=11
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316

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DESIGN OF MULTILEVEL CAR PARKING

BUILDING
Dr. S. Mahendran, K. Sivasubramanian and M. Ashok Pandiyan
Department Of Civil Engineering,
PSNA College of Engineering and Technology, Dindigul, Tamilnadu, India

ABSTRACT
A building which reduces the space for parking and also accommodates a large
number of vehicles. The study presents the design of a multi-level car parking for the
mitigation of traffic challenges in public areas. The area of the building is 6800 m2.
The building is connected at one level and the levels of other floors are different. All
floors are designed to accommodate 50 vehicles.
The automatic car parking system enables the parking of vehicles floor after floor
and thus reducing the space used. These makes the system modernized and thus
space-saving one. The plan for this building was prepared using Auto CAD software.
The analysis of the frame was carried out for vertical and horizontal loads using
STAAD.Pro software.
The design has been done according to Indian standard code IS 456:2000. The
structural elements like slab, beam, columns, footing, staircase and ramp has been
designed and detailed.
Keywords: Car Parking, CAD software and automatic car parking
Cite this Article: Dr. S. Mahendran, K. Sivasubramanian and M. Ashok Pandiyan,
Design of Multilevel Car Parking Building, International Journal of Civil Engineering
and Technology, 9(11), 2018, pp. 1164–1169.
http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJCIET?Volume=9&Issue=11

1. INTRODUCTION
The site is having a high load bearing capacity in order to carry the loads of the building. The
foundation so designed transfers the loads evenly to the soil surface. The site is unequally
levelled and hence levelling is done first. The soil is having a good bearing capacity and
hence more than 7 storeys can be constructed in this site. The site lies in the heart of the city
and can be well identified in the heavy traffic also.
The plan and the location of the parking systems should be easy to find in the street
network. A parking lot should obtain a large space enough to park a car in. The system
should provide easy exit and re-enter. Instructions or guidelines should be provided to help

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 Design of Multilevel Car Parking Building

the drivers. The idea behind this work is to prepare a detailed plan of a Multi-Level Car
Parking with provision for parking area in each floor (G+5 & G+4). The total area of the
Parking system is 6800 m2. All the important amenities for a Car Parking such as lift, waiting
area and wash rooms have been included. The primary objective of this project is to learn the
design philosophy of RC framed structures.
The super structure of the building is made up of two different levels, only one floors of
the adjacent buildings are connected with each other. Super structure is done with second
class bricks with CM ratio of 1:5. The wall width is 230 mm and the height of wall in one
storey is 3.6 m above the basement.

2. PLANNING
The planning is done to accommodate a maximum number of cars in each floors. Each floor
is properly ventilated and made fresh air to circulate into the floors. The plan is done
considering fire safety and easy access to each floors. Fire safety is a serious concern for any
multi-storeyed building. Hence it is proposed to have automatic fire hydrants with signal to
ensure prompt action to put off fire. Fire buckets are also provided at convenient points. As
per NBC a storage tank is provided for both the purpose of water supply as well as
firefighting. Emergency exits are provided at sufficient points for easy exits.

3. ANALYSIS
Frame of the building was created in the software by using the plan created using AutoCAD
as reference. Support conditions were assigned. The member properties were assigned for
beams and columns. The loading cases were given to slabs and beams. The concrete design
of shear wall is done. The beams are designed as 250 x 500 mm. The columns are designed as
300 x 300 mm. For shear wall design, the surface thickness is provided as 300 mm. From the
analysis results the bending moment and shear force diagrams are found as shown in figure.6
and 8 respectively.

3.1. Loadings
The loads on the slab are considered to be uniformly distributed load. The beams are
subjected to bending and develop bending stresses. The beams are designed for flexural
resistance and are checked for safety against deflection. The structure has been completed
and analysed. There is no error in the structure. The structure is loaded as shown in figure 7.

4. DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

4.1. Design of Slabs
The slab is designed as per IS 456:2000. The slab which has the maximum span has the
maximum moment and hence the detailing result for such span can be used for all other spans
as well. All the slabs are designed as two-way slab. The slab with maximum dimensions in
our plan 10.00 m x 10.00 m, whose edge conditions are two adjacent edges discontinuous and
two adjacent edge continuous. The slabs having the adjacent slabs are taken as continuous
slab and the corner slab are taken as discontinuous slab. The slab marking is done according
to edge condition as shown in figure. The load on the slab 23.25 kN/m. the depth of the slab
is assumed to be 300 mm. On calculating the positive and negative moments acting the slab
the provided depth is sufficient to balance the moment acting on the slab.

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 Dr. S. Mahendran, K. Sivasubramanian and M. Ashok Pandiyan

4.2. Design of Beams

Only one floor of the building is connected in one level, hence the mid beam between these
two buildings is assumed to carry a maximum bending and that beam is designed according
to IS 456:2000. From the analysis design of stadd.pro the ultimate moment carrying beam is
considered and designed for the ultimate moment. The ultimate moment on the beam is 223.8
kNm. The assumed section of beam is 25 mm x 500 mm. The section is safe on bending.

4.3. Design of Columns

Columns are the vertical members of a structure. The columns support the beams present in
the building. The reactions of the beams are transferred as loads to the column. The loading
for a column is given as an axial load. The column marking is done as shown in figure. The
column which carries the maximum axial force was found out from the result of STAAD.Pro
design (Beam number 218). It is enough to design this single column and replicate the same
design to other columns of the building. The size of the column is 300 mm x 300 mm. The
factored load on the column is 2715.6 kN. The column is designed as purely axial column.

4.4. Design of Footing

Foundations are the structural members which transfer and distribute the load of the building
to the ground. These structural components play an important role in the stability of the
structure. The foundations are nothing but the extension and fixation of columns firmly into
the ground. The loads for the foundations are nothing but the column loads (axial loads) in
kN. The foundation is designed based on the safe bearing capacity of the soil present at the
site of construction. In the design isolated sloped footing was adopted for supporting and
anchoring our structure firmly to the ground. The size of the footing is provided as 3 m x 3 m
as isolated footing. The depth of the footing is provided as 500 mm. the depth provided is
safe in two-way shear and in bending.

4.5. Design of Ramp

An inclined plane, also known as a ramp, is a flat supporting surface tilted at an angle, with
one end higher than the other, used as an aid for raising or lowering a load. Inclined planes
are widely used to move heavy loads over vertical obstacles; examples vary from a ramp used
to load goods into a truck, to a person walking up a pedestrian ramp, to an automobile or
railroad train climbing a grade.
The angle of friction, also sometimes called the angle of repose, is the maximum angle at
which a load can rest motionless on an inclined plane due to friction, without sliding down.
This angle is equal to the arc tangent of the coefficient of static friction between the surfaces.

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 Design of Multilevel Car Parking Building

5. FIGURES AND TABLES

Figure 1 Top view of plan

Figure 2 Ground floor plan

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 Dr. S. Mahendran, K. Sivasubramanian and M. Ashok Pandiyan

Figure 3 Other floor plan

Figure 4 Geometry Figure 5 3D Rendered view

Figure 6 Bending Moment Figure 7 Load combinations

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 Design of Multilevel Car Parking Building

Figure 8 Shear Force Figure 9 Analysis Results

6. CONCLUSION
The multi-level car parking was designed as a complex building with G+5 and G+4 floors
and analyzed, which gives a great knowledge about the designing components. The layout of
the building was planned with reference of Codes to facilitate maximum utility. For
emergency purpose separate dog-legged staircase is provide on back side of structure.
Automatic car parking system could be done as the further improvement of the project. The
moments acting on all the RC elements have been identified and the design is done to carry
the moments acting on the structure. The various difficulties in designing the RC structure
have been understood.

REFERENCES
[1] Bhavikatti, S.S. (2013) “Structural analysis II”, Vikas Publishing.
[2] IS 456 : 2000, “Indian Standards Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced concrete”,
Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
[3] IS 875 (Part 2) : 1987, “Indian Standard Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other than
Earthquake) for Building Structures” Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
[4] Punmia, B.C., Ashok Kumar Jain, Arun Kumar Jain, (2015) “R.C.C Designs (Reinforced
concrete Structures)”, Laxmi Publications.
[5] SP 16 : 1980, “Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete”, Bureau of Indian Standards, Delhi.

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