Email : dahlan.unimal@gmail.

com
Homepage : http://www.dahlan.web.id
Artikel Asli dari : Made Sondra
Buku Referensi :
1. Pengantar Aplikasi Komputer Teori dan Praktika, Dr. Azhar
Susanto, MBus,Ak., Edisi 2, Lingga Jaya, Bandung
2. Using Information Technology, Pengenalan Praktis Dunia
Komputer dan Komunikasi; Williams / Sawyer, Edisi 7,
ANDI Yogyakarta
3. Mengenal Komputer dan Perangkatnya, Firman Sujadi,ST.
dan Nursanti Riandini,ST., Shakti Adiluhung & Bee Media
Indonesia, Bandung
PENILAIAN :
• Kehadiran : 10 %
• Kuis / Latihan : 10 %
• Tugas-tugas : 15 %
• UTS : 25 %
• UAS : 40 %
TOTAL : 100 %
Bahwa Keahlian Komputer merupakan
standar keahlian minimal yang harus
dimiliki untuk meningkatkan
produktivitas dan daya saing di pasar
tenaga kerja dalam masyarakat
informasi & komunikasi.
1. Pendidikan
2. Kedokteran
3. Perancangan
4. Perindustrian
5. Kemiliteran
6. Meningkatkan kesempatan kerja
7. Meningkatkan Produktifitas
8. Meningkatkan Kemampuan Manusia
9. Hiburan (RCTI, SCTV, TPI, dll)
10. Bisnis
 OUTPUT

CPU

Processor
INPUT OUTPUT
Control Unit
DEVICE DEVICE
ALU

ROM
RAM

MEMORI PROCESS
INPUT
A computer is an electronic machine that can be programmed to accept data
(input), process it into useful information (output), and store it in a storage
media for future use
1. Komputer Pribadi (Micro Computer)
2. Komputer Mini (Mini Computer/WS)
3. Komputer Utama (Mainframe)
4. Komputer Super (Super Computer)
5. Komputer Server
(1)Microcomputers / PC
• The most common for home users , computers
that can fit on a desktop or in one's briefcase.
• Can perform all of its input, processing, output
and storage activities by itself.
Types of PC

i. Mini – tower
ii. Desktop

Mobile Computer
(2) Mini Computer (Workstation)
•Powerful desktop computers
•Used by engineers and scientists for
engineering applications,
software development, application that
require a high amount of computing power

Workstation – Sun Ultra450

(3)Mainframes

•Process data at very high speed

•less expensive than Supercomputer
•used for processing large amount of data
•user work with terminal e.g Maybank Mainframe

(4) Supercomputers

•The mightiest computer

•The most expensive.
•process billions of instructions in a second
•used by some exclusive group only
(5)Servers
•designed to support a computer network that allows you to share files,
application software, hardware, such as printers and other network
resources.
•Mainframes, personal computers can be used as a server.
•Server computers usually have following characteristics:
•Designed to be connected to one or more networks
•The most powerful CPUs available
•Multiple CPUs to share the processing tasks
•Large memory and disk storage
•High-speed communications capabilities
Sistem Komputer
Notes:
• A computer system is
made on hardware and
software
• Software controls the
computers and makes it
do useful work
• Hardware refers to the
physical components
that make up the
computer
Komponen Utama Komputer

1. Perangkat Keras (Hardware):

• Input (Keyboard, Mouse)
• Processing (CPU)
• Storage (Memory, Hard disk)
• Output (Monitor, Printer)
• Communication (Modem)

2. Software (Perangkat Lunak)

• System S/W (Operating System)
• Interpreter dan Compiler
• Application Software

3. Manusia (Brainware)
• Prosedur
 Hardware
1. Input

2. Processing
Keyboard
3. Storage

4. Output

5. Communications Mouse
 Hardware
1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. Communications
Case or system cabinet
 Hardware
1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. Communications

Processor chip
 Hardware
1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. Communications Memory chips

 Hardware
1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. Communications

Motherboard
 Hardware
1. Input Primary storage (memory) - RAM

Computer circuitry that

2. Processing temporarily holds data waiting to
be processed
3. Storage
Secondary storage (storage) -
4. Output ROM

The area in the computer where

5. Communications data or information is held
permanently
 Hardware
1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. Communications
 Hardware
1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. Communications
 Hardware
1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. Communications
CD Drive
 Hardware
1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. Communications
 Hardware
1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. Communications
Speakers
 Hardware
1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. Communications
 Hardware
1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. Communications
Monitor
 Hardware
1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. Communications
Printer
 Hardware
1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. Communications
 Software
System Software
“Software that enables
the application software
to interact with the
computer and helps the
computer manage its
internal and external
resources”
WINDOWS LINUX
 Software
Interpreter & Compiler Software

“Software that has been

create a particular
program/ application for
users – to perform useful
work on specific tasks or
to provide entertainment”
 Software
Application Software

“Software that has been

developed to solve a
particular problem for
users – to perform useful
work on specific tasks or
to provide entertainment”
 Types of Users
End Users
v Individuals who uses the
product after it has been fully
developed and marketed.

Small Business Users

v Small companies

Mobile Users
v Traveling people

By : Made Sondra
 Generasi Komputer

1. 1st Generation (1951-1958) : Vacuum Tube

2. 2nd Generation (1959-1964) : Transistor
3. 3rd Generation (1965-1971) : IC
4. 4th Generation (1971-Skrg) : Microprocessor
5. 5th Generation (Skrg-Yad) : AI
 1st Generation (1951 - 1958) : Vacuum Tubes

Memory was made up of
hundreds of vacuum tubes
or sometimes magnetic
drum

Gave off so much heat that
even if they were cooled by
gigantic air conditioners. IBM Punched Card (input)

Input and output media
were punched cards and
magnetic tapes

Magnetic Tapes (output)

Vacuum Tubes
(memory)
UNIVAC ENIAC
2nd Generation (1959 - 1964) : Transistor
•an electronic switch that alternately allow or disallow electronic
signal to pass, replaces vacuum tubes
•These transistors were made of solid material, some of which is
silicon, therefore they were very cheap to produce
•Much smaller than vacuum tubes, draw less power, and generate
less heat, conduct electricity faster.
Minicomputer
3rd Generation (1965 - 1971) : Integrated Circuit

An electronic circuit that packages transistors and other electronic

components into one small silicon chip called semiconductor.

The number of transistors that is placed on a single chip has
increased, shrinking both the size and cost of computers.

Keyboards and monitors were used.

Magnetic disks were used widely as secondary storage
Minicomputer
4th Generation (1971-Present) : Microprocessor

•A silicon chip on which transistors are integrated

onto it.
•Microprocessor can do all the processing of a full-
scale computer – smaller in size , faster in speed.

•These circuit integrations are known as Large-scale

integrated (LSI) and Very Large-scale integrated
(VLSI) circuits
Microprocessors led to the invention of personal
computers.
 5th Generation (Present & Beyond)
: Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence (AI)
concerns with making computers
behave and think like humans.

The branch of computer science
that deal with writing computer
programs that can solve problems
creatively

AI studies include robotics, expert
systems, games, etc..

By : Made Sondra
 Arah Perkembangan Komputer

• ↓ size
– Everything has become smaller
• ↑ power
– Miniaturization allowed computer makers to cram more
power into their machines, providing faster processing
speeds and more data storage capacity.
• ↓ expensive
– The price of the hardware is getting cheaper
Why are COMPUTERS
so Useful?
• Storage
• Reliability
• Speed
• Accuracy
• Communication
Communication
Process in which two or more computers transfers data,
instructions, and information
Communication
What is needed for successful communications?

Sending
device — initiates Communications Receiving
instruction to channel — media device — accepts
transmit data, on which data, transmission of data,
instructions, or instructions, or instructions, or
information information travel information

Communication Device Communication Device

Communication

Sending Device Receiving Device

Communication channels

Communication Device
Networks
Network is a
collection of
computers and devices
connected by
communication
channels
To facilitate
communications,
share hardware,
data and
information,
software, etc
Networks

TYPES OF NETWORKS:
• LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)
• METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN)
• WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN)
Type of Networks
1. Local Area Network (LAN)
• Privately owned communication network
• Home, school computer laboratory or office building
Type of Networks
2. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

• Network that covers

geographical area
• Connects LANs in city
or state
Type of Networks
3. Wide Area Network (WAN)

• Network that covers communications

satellite
large geographical
area - country.
• Consists of 2 or more
LANs/MANs
• Internet is world’s
largest WAN
Internet
• Internet is worldwide collection of networks that
links millions of computers together
• allows all of the computers to communicate with
one another

 E-mail
 Information
 Shopping
 Meeting people
 Entertainment
Internet
Internet

ISP

THE
INTERNET

home user