Title: Familiarization with inverse definite minimum time relay.

Objective:
The purpose of this experiment is to get familiarize with inverse definite minimum time relay
through MATLAB Simulink. In this lab, we will be using IDMT Overcurrent Relay 50P/51P
Block. By using this block, we will observe the characteristic of the fault current.

Theory and Methodology:

IDMT relay is a protection type relay whose operating time is inversely proportional to the
magnitude of the fault current. The full form of the IDMT Relay is Inverse Definite Minimum
Time Relay. So, when the amount of fault current is more it will operate quickly and when the
amount of fault current is less it will take a long time to operate.

The IDMT relay is generally used with a circuit breaker, so when the relay senses a fault it will
send a signal to the circuit breaker and the circuit breaker will break the circuit. The IDMT relay
comes under the category of Overcurrent Relay. In fact, most of the overcurrent relays are works
on the IDMT principle. For example, if an IDMT Relay takes 2 seconds to operate for 25Kilo
Ampere Current, it will take 1.5 seconds to operate for 30Killo Ampere Current. So we can
understand more current means less time and less current means more time. Here, we can see the
graph for IDMT Relay operating time with respect to fault current.

Figure: IDMT Relay Operating Characteristic

For simulation in MATLAB, we will be using a certain block named IDMT Overcurrent Relay
50P/51P Block, developed by Rodney Tan (PhD) and Koh Jia Shun, Version 1.0 (Apr 2021).
This relay block combines IDMT Overcurrent Relay and Instantaneous Relay (ANSI/IEEE
C37.2 device number 50P and 51P) that operates when the current exceeds a predetermined
value.
Relay 51P operates based on IEC 60255 Standard Normal Inverse IDMT (Inverse Definite
Minimum Time) trip characteristic.

Circuit diagram:

Fig: Inverse definite minimum time relay circuit configuratio

Result:
Discussion:
IDMT relay is inverse definite minimum time relay. It is one in which Time of operation is
inversely proportional to magnitude of fault current near pickup value and becomes substantially
constant slightly above the pickup value of the Relay. They are used in the transmission lines to
see that the line current does not exceed the safe values and, if necessary, operates the circuit
breaker. To know about real life application process, simulation can be done of instantaneous
over-current relay. MATLAB Simulink is one of the leading softwires to do simulation. The
software can do hard stuff simulation and give real life results.

Conclusion:
In this lab, inverse definite minimum time relay was introduced. The concept of inverse definite
minimum time relay was briefly discussed and its operation and usage were also shown. To
show a real-life application process, the circuit was placed in MATLAB Simulink. All the
components of the circuit were placed in Simulink and ran. The simulation was done perfectly.
Overall, it can be said that the lab was successful.

References:
1. www.mathworks.com
2. www.etechnog.com