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    Lab 42

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    Lab-42 (1)

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    Lab 42

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    NORTH SOUTH UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING EEE241/ETE241L Electrical Circuits IT Lab Report Experiment No: Lob ~ 4 . ee cmeuils Experiment Name: Powaliel Re, RL and tS 2 Date of Performance: 27 «43 + 2°? Date of Submission: 04 - 14+ 202% Section: ©9 Group No: 07 Names and IDs of the Group Members: Remarks: 7. ™O Mabkigul bobin (wy 2221098493 2. Ma. Mesbaul Telam 2WV269GO4S 3. Farthana Tslam sD12C4RSYS 4, Md. Alover Masud 222144 964% 5. Townida. Mirza, —[22as20%5 partment of Electrical & Computer Engineering EEE261L/ETE241L Electrical Circuits Il Lab Lab 4: Parallel RC, RL & RLC circuits A. Objectives + Investigate peak voltage, current and phase relationships between the circuit components of parallel RC, RL, and RLC circuits. + Understand and prove Kirchhoff’s Current Law for AC circuits. + Understand the technique to measure current using a current sense resistor. B, Background 8.1. Voltage and Current in a parallel AC circuit: In @ parallel RLC circul, the source voltage V. is common to all the components and the individual branch currents {rough each element is different. From our previous experiments we know that for resistors voliage is always in Phase with the current, for capacitor voltage lags the current by 80 degrees and for inductors the voltage leads the Current by $0 degrees. Because each element has a unique phase response between +90 and -90 degrees, a parallel combination of R, L & C will yield a complex impedance with a phase angle between +90 and -80 degrees. Dus to this phase response, Kirchhoffs Current Law must be computed using vector (phasor) sums rather than simply relying on magnitude. B.2, Measuring current using an Oscilloscope: ‘We can indirectly determine the magnitude and phase of the current in any branch of a circuit by using a small sense resistor. The phase angle of the current in the branch will be the same as the phase angle of the voltage across the sense resistor. In the circuit in Figure B.2.1, the source current can be measured by adding a resistor ‘r1' at Box 1. The resistor chosen must be much smaller than the total Circuit impedance so as to have minimal impact on the total current. The phase difference between Vs and Vi will be the phase angle of the circuit current, ‘Similarly, to find the current through the inductor L, we can add a sense resistor ‘12’ at Box 2. The magnitude of the current through L can be determined using Ohm's Law and the phase can be obtained from the phase difference between Ve and Va. Fig.B.2.1: Sense resistor placement Experiment 1: Parallel RC, RL and RLC circuits A. Apparatus ‘Components Instruments: «Resistors: 1*10k2, 31k, 230, 3100 + 1% Bread Board ‘1 Function Generator ‘© Capacitors: 1*10nF, 1x33nF ‘+ 1% Digital Storage Osciloscope(DS0) © Inductor: 4*330HH ‘+ Connecting wires and probes B, Procedure 1, Measure the practical value of the resistor (R) using DMM and note down the value in Tables 1.1, 1.3 and 1.8. Use the measured values in all your calculatio Measure the Practical value of the capacitor (C) using an LCR meter and note down the values in Tables 1.1 (1OnF), and 1.5 (33nF). Do the same for the inductor: (L) and note down the values in Tables 1.3 and 1.5, partment of Electrical & Computer Engineering EEE241L/ETE241L Electrical Circuits Il Lab 3. Construct the circuit shown in Fig.B.1.3 on the bread board. Connect Channel 1 of the oscilloscope across the source VS (positive red port to node ‘a’ and negative black port to node ‘0' i.e. ground). Connect the channel 2 at node ’b’ (positive red port to node ‘b’ and negative black port to node ‘0’ ie. ground). 4, To set 3V peak (6V peak to peak) and 1 KHz in the function generator, observe the generated signal on the oscilloscope screen (channel 1) and fine tune the amplitude & frequency of the input signal generated from the function generator to match the nominal values. Always set the amplitude after setting the frequency because changing the frequency of a non-ideal source might alter the amplitude. a a 3Vpk RI RI u vs (~ Jit: 10.040 Hi 10.0k2 3330pH o o 0 o ~ Fig.B.1.1: Parallel RC circuit Fig.B.1.2: Parallel RL circuit ut 330pH Rs 30 y 3.1.3: Parallel RC circult with sense resistors rigpet& rtd RL circuit with sense resistors 5, Channel 2 of the Oscilloscope will show you the voltage drop across RS_source and Channel 1 will show you the source voltage VS. From measurement, find out the peak voltage drop across RS_source and record it in table 1.2. 6. Use CURSOR (type should be: Time) to measure the time difference between a peak of the source wave shape (Vs — Channel 1) and the next peak of the voltage across RS_souree (Channel 2). Note down the time (Delay) in table 1.2. 7. Use REF function of the oscilloscope to save the output graph of Vs (Channel 1) While keeping channel 2 at node’, move channel 1 to node ‘c. Use MATH function to get a signal CH1-CH2. This MATH function generated signal will show you the voltage drop across RS_R. 40. Use CURSOR (type should be: Voltage & source should be MATH) on the signal that was generated using ‘MATH function, to find out the peak voltage drop across RS_R and record itin table 1.2. 11. Use CURSOR (type should be: Time) to measure the time difference between a peak of the source wave shape (Vs - REF signal) and the next peak of the voltage across RS_R (Math generated signal). Note down the time (Delay) in table 1.2. 112, While keeping channel 2 at node ‘b’, move channel 1 to node 22 Jepartment of Electrical & Computer Engineering EEE241L/ETE241L Eloctrical Circuits I! Lab 413. The MATH function generated signal will now show you the voltage drop across RS_C. 44, Use CURSOR (type should be: Voltage & source should be MATH) on the signal that was generated using MATH function, to find out the peak voltage drop across RS_C and record it in table 1.2. 45. Use CURSOR (type should be: Time) to measure the time difference between a peak of the source wave shape (Vs — REF signal) and the next peak of the voltage across RS_C (Math generated signal). Note down the time (Delay) in table 1.2. 16. Construct the circuit shown in Fig.B.1.4 on the bread board. Connect Channel 1 of the oscilloscope across the source VS (positive red port to node ‘a’ and negative black port to node ‘0’ i.e. ground). Connect the channel 2 at node ‘b’ (positive red port to node ‘b’ and negative black port to node ‘0’ .e. ground). 17. To set 3V peak (6V peak to peak) and 10 KHz in the function generator, observe the generated signal on the oscilloscope screen (channel 1) and fine tune the amplitude & frequency of the input signal generated from the function generator to match the nominal values. Always sot the amplitude after sotting the frequoncy because changing the frequency of a non-ideal source might alter the amplitude. 18, Repeat step 5 to step 15 and fill up table 1.4 a = 33nF Fig.B.1.5: Parallel RLC circuit Fig@S4.6: Parallel RLC circuit with sense resistors 49. Construct the circuit shown in Fig.B.1.3 on the bread board. Connect Channel 1 of the oscilloscope across the source VS (positive red port to node ‘a’ and negative black port to node ‘0’ ie. ground). Connect the channel 2 at node ‘c’ (positive red port to node ‘c’ and negative black port to node ‘0’ .e. ground). 20. To set 3V peak (6V peak to peak) and 60 KHz in the function generator, observe the generated signal on the ‘oscilloscope screen (channel 1) and fine tune the amplitude & frequency of the input signal generated from the function generator to match the nominal values. Always set the amplitude after setting the frequency because changing the frequency of a non-ideal source might alter the amplitude. 21. Follow previous steps to complete table 1.6. c. Simulation 4. InMULTISIM, construct the circuit in figure B.1.3, 8.1.4 & B.1.6 and do TRANSIENT analysis for showing the time delays between different voltages across the components. 2. Attach the output graphs in your report. D. Questions 1. A 1kQ sense resistor was used to perform this experiment. Suggest 1 possible advantage and 1 possible disadvantage of using an even smaller (say 100) sense resistor in the first circuit (B.1.3). 2. Draw the phasor diagrams for the circuits in Fig B.1.3, Fig B.1.4 and Fig B.1.6. 3, How would each of the phasor diagrams change if the source frequency was raised? 4, In case of the parallel RLC circuit, do the practical readings confirm the theoretical values? If any of the percentage differences are above 10%, suggest 3 possible reasons for the discrepancy, a ment of Electrical & Computer Engineering EEE241 LIETE241L Electrical Circuits II Lab Data Sheet: Lab 4 [Date ats (an we Remarks: ‘Signature of the Instructor ‘Student Information [ Section: Group: Status: ] E41 _ Table 1.1: Reactance and impedance values (parallel RC circuit) R (measured)(a) | ¢ (measured)(F) | Xe (Theory) (5 @ | yoy REA | 220" [ean-2 2) [0-03K9\[\o.-9"F [leo 4e = (8796-34 | D7: 85° E.2 _ Table 1.2: Comparing magnitudes and phases of ic and i Cc lines! | @ | Veurssoean | fipas! | Delay AT | a(Practicay | __* % (Theory) | (Theory) | (Measured) | (Practical) | (Measured) | {aT x x 360) = Difference is | 0.3m 9o.1°| 980 mV | 0. 9amA BOs [428.8% | 7.<9%) 4.380% ik [0-24 mA] —G.3°[ J°OmMV | 0. SomA, RQ0KS |- 7.2° RBH | 14. 23% ic [o.5-A] 89.1°| aaron | oie mA 25¢- VHS [4945.5 87] c. 677, 10.20% E.3__ Table 1.3: Reactan: ice and Impedance values (parallel RL circuit) R (measured)(Q) | L (measured)(H) Xx (Theory) [2m fL ] (Q) | (2(Q) [WRF XF | 220° [tan-*(~)] 08 KS] Aq0nue 20.735 | 10000.088) 8.52 E.4__ Table 1.4: Comparing magnitudes and phases of i: and i | Tinea © | Vsenisipeaty | lows] | Delay AT | 0 (Practicaly = We (Theory) | (Theory) | (Measured) | (Practical) | (Measured) | [AT xtx 360] | Difference aaron iL is [0-41 2A] -73.7°| BOOmY] O.JeR| (FHS |— Sl, 2% F.IGK| 1G -Bey iz [2. 24m8| 7.9" | ABOmv o.2emAl 4 US| 14-.4°| 3.939% 32. 277 ic b.s998 A] -73.87[ Goowv] 0. 319A (PHS [= ot. 2 | 0.89% | 1p. OFZ E.5__ Table 1.5: Reactance and Impedance values (parallel RLC circuit) Xe (Theory) | x, (Theory) ar RO | CO) | LOD | pes cay | panpz yea) |RMOWR EH | 220° team) (0-0 ST 36-InF[ 990 AU 50.77] oe 96 28. BDAT -85 5” 6 Table 1: Comparing magnitudes and phases of Ve, Viand V__ o Tinea! 8 | Veensotpeah) Heal Delay AT | (Practical | Sire nce pittance (Theory) | (Theory) | (Measured) (Practical) (Measured) urs te i a is |O-08GA [+5967 | Qlo VY] 0-057 A |D.0 KS 32 L7SZ) 37.2] in [0-27 7A|-2-4" | Foomv | 0- 2EMA [4 vo MS|— vote 7.40% | FOE iL 0029 A|-37 S| B3Or| 0.028A | 4 HS =e | 19-04%] 162% ic [0.0527A|+90-P | 399 ™7 0.0 8474 | TAS |+5e¢] CAM 649% Experiment Vame t Pamollal 24,RL amd Qla cinuits, 7- ooo Objetnes : sTrrestignte Penk vellage ,Cummant and Phose roclulonshins beluce. the civauil components of pawaiiel Re, Rb, and RA ameuils *Undenslond and prove yal Ge Aa eimals. + Undemstond the lelnique_ fo mensune Ceenren} Using a» awmen! Sense nasilon, Leis! of equipments : + Bneod Bond. « Funalon Generotor , + Osdillosaope « + donnecting wines ond Prodes . 6 FO KM SKM, BU, lO Resislons. » ne, 39nF Capoastons. - 390 KH Inductor. A sees pore lll ele Ginaut is ome dhe hesistom yinduatom , and Gapaaitom me Camnected. , eee ~=—panaliel aanoss A Vollave Supoly. The tmpedomaa. is aN AG ainauil is Represerded by 2 ond expressed m fon ot by nmelo Be RryJx whene_ the heal pa rol St Impedomae_§- thar NEsistance_ R and the _ im oping pamt 1S the. %wSChamn oe is ¥%» fene . } dude impedance. Can also be mpresed in roonit ys the, Ord Phosor fonm tzZIzo - whene, 9 is + Phese difference. between the, volla oe of to \2\ aARaX Ax = tom RB gad Ha. dumamemd . magnitude ' eSwpnesred OSs impedance om P= ° ond the. phose om be Svpressed 45 © i ibs TH Ohm's lew is ES fon Aw ainawts Se Curment ) how doused bY % oven a da a vollage. Vo Con be. AW . Vil taoe. 1S the, fene , Ve 1s die. soune® * Va th em rere en Vg Me ond Va eo Vallaoe. prarvoss free pester, md nator Ont_ 7 Capacitor - neseachvel ; amauil Dingrom ¢ Rig G@.14: Perallel Re ainauit. 1 FIT G.4.2 t Pomatiel RL Fe G.3.3% Pomalle! Ra Aireull — FIO G.A-4 ! Pomallel RL Gireuil wilh sense_ nesistons . with Sense ae Ag .G 46% Cmatet RLE maul wil gense ~Sislons, oto ond Colaulations ¢ — table 44 * Repolonee. cmd Tmeedanee_ valucs (Ceralle | Re Table 2 ovsuil) [| Reressumaill Crewened xX Mefiain. | 2Ze | 10.09 %o OFF | 19915. 46 ['796-94 57. 95° Coloulakion | Rr | Xe Teorey tical Valwe- , we know, LaF He ena Xe oRTe fe sk He \ = sooo HA = SERIA = ont ox 182) = \9 215-4577 Se > 1G9\5-4F and, - From the. civeut , On a - ae R= lok, (jo x19) " Xx = 19 WSIS = 13796:94 dod, foom fhe. Cneaif fore x — me a BLD = tor x RQ Ke 15915.4¢9-. “ 15 915.49 Re lok, abe! Sar we) >(tox102) any = 5785" i Tale (27 ConPoring~ magnitudes and Phases + ia and ia Veense_] Ni 5 | peo| A © (real % ae ay ec end OOS engl Fees Be mfeA | aon REA) 7-92 471% It . Boom | 9, BMA noms Loot fasx | 14-28% . eo fo [Qomv) 9. (oma) 254.443 494 v9 acer) 10-26 Colaulotion : @= honk Ka = (5948-46 a xi 2 Wee ae 100-7) {1 (1a000 #1008) = 6665-498 2 = xX tlooo = FOC TR gv Ts = 3 = ou ~ 3665-48 = 0.3974 (15918.46 +1000) (0.39X! (10000 + J©00) + W945 4G +1088) dp = = 0.24 mA. ta > 7 Te =(0-39 - 0.24) mA soi5 mA for © ’ , @a = AT x Fx 36°" v (254.4 x07®) (1022) ¥ (360) " O41 63g ° ° = 28.3 Tr this woq Og HFA ond Os Diffenence {il 0.99 - 0.3% = {—————_.__ | X100% x of Diffewense {s 0.39 = F.29% % of Difference tpt | 9.29-9-30/ ORY => 25% x oF Difenence. ie = | IF P16! x00 Ole = 6.07% Oiffenence {6 ~ of Diffenensce_ G5 [seacese 30.3 bes 3 t, tes a 4 wan A _ © 1G.908% avi A a ln.9a0w Tarle 6.323 Revchumae, Nd Tr pedamoe values CParoiiel Re civew't ) vy) 7 measuned | L The = (meas ned) (measeined) x_ (Theory) [2] [ze [0.03 Kn 2404 U 20.77% | 1000-0) | 2 e993 Coleulation 3 _ XL = an fe - t Fe low Ha =2n (lox \03) (s30x10 Eton?) Bs Le 230 ull = 20.737 4 ; (33° mo JA cs ° we a X= 20-72 5 PORT + (20-79 (20.73)"> pe(oxro3) QO = dwt % - QR = den”! 29-73 ~Texios 0-137 = 30 Trove nee cuancent sy 95] =-39.92" Tele 1-4! Compaming~ —moetaitudes and Pleses of iL Ond ia lie; 0 Waxctilvany [AT TS | 2 lake eer) Ghee) |@mersumed) [Oractient | mensuned 4: (Emon Gon is{ oN2}-73.7 | 00 ~v] 0-1ZA | ITS 764. Dy orb] 162%) Wau) 7.9° agony] gama] TAs | 14.90 | 899% prez A qoomy] oto] igtg |-G4-2 | 0.847] 17-97 { Calace (otion ¢ L = 390 KH XL = 20-730 x= (Jooo0+\oo0) I (20.79 +9) er = 29-CF UL 29.6749 = 26.6% 3 Js = “96-47 =o.34a4 _ (20.73 +3) (022) Ta = “(io000)+ (o00t Qa-79 +5 2 ] cr OoQ24mA acc ds ote - pe see (9.24 x12) A 0.3448 4 for 8, AT KEXBoO” ag x (lox °) x 3@° x (VFX Qs = = Gao” bat Vea? od In ds weet 7 we oh OF G42 Difference |i] c - \ “jee % piffenence I's Sime oe 2 F1U% dre his HOY, WE wel in = 8.23% and bF08Y Differ ence 9 SSS 99-7 —Ol2 % of pi ffenenoe 9s = 73% x reo = 16.9% Tm Abts way ) we eet Oy 82,27% Ore 9, IZ. 07%, u “Tbe af Revolenee — ovr Impebrnae values Cromaitet Ria oimauit) ree) | | / ; | 1D) | cen | xettegl xteoefltey a aces 19698] S299 |Lg5.17° poses 35.9MF 340 pb BoA? Galoulotion § fon ke \ from armauik, ©= asta Fe oF ka, \ Sone ge) - = O5 xie° HH ~ OR (eaar(a3ane ° ar B3nF = 5077 =(33 xo?) F Fen mducton, Kp 5 onf kb amos) (330% feos kia £O5 x10> Hal yy t= 33044 19Ce 98 O~ a(agoxie ©) i \y R= |o x 108 7S XL = 196.98~ Ke = BOTT NS \ ze Xe | a. * Ves) (acta - (ene? + (49033 196.95 50°77, = G8. 39 on d x 9 = fan! a | 4 7196-98 + 50.77 = 70 Jo c°° } bap ge* cannent 3 ce lows a =10.33- ae eo lt” Table 1-6 / Compomner mo@niludes And phoses -0F Va, ond Va, A \Frens| 8 Vsense| | i pen | Delo IC 4 L ae onde pifference, “Theo [TREY] mevsiertl] Ora atieal | Masunea | Practin Li) 6 g|0- 08 A+59.6|210™™] o.055A) 2.045 1*49.2"| 4.79% | 97 %R 0.27 A}... 320] 0. 29m A] 4 7045 bra 1eS] 740% 0.023A 37.9] 22° 0.02 | TMS FREY? | 13094) L-e2% 1 30.80 ]393- o.08qal CHS fe | o14% |G -48x 2.032% a Golaulotion : \ Mas a= 33nF an Fe =(33 xo?) \ D = “an (eoxre2) 3M) Fe goxro? He = 90.39 eee ope Lem Le axl =(920 xo ») 4 x6 2K (exe) (g32x18 F = cone? Wa \29.40 SU Nf vy Ra = Xr 10 =( 80-33 to}) A = 90.3897 RQ = Xo + jo a(1 24-4 +1° OY, 13.4. 40, Re = looe tlooee 2 |) 000 -V— 20. 338 X34. GO 20.98 ANON Ra NR = “50,98 +194 40 Vv FG. 0G Sz Ql (Re 11 Ru) [1000 X 34.04 1[000 £5q.04 V = 53-77 ao wa = 2. = 0.056 . 3 oe te = See eee [1000 +5G.04 2 ODT mA ; R TA (90-98 90.38 +124..40 = 0-:0°529A 90.98 + 124. 0.023A am te= Te = (oors7- 0.023) A = 0.0327 a a -©e OQ, = AT KF x30 At~ won” (2 exw) (ae 0°) (366 = 43, dks ee os oct Es Gowie” ty 6 pe le soe ce — 364" ° oO. = 80-4 % Difkewence of [il x of Dif fewence. = 179% Tr des weer ™ eet ign Fee ® 7 ie 2 10s OE jae tte (9.2 22S Se 3 x08 OB. %, of pr f few oe e— - 97-29e4 te ty , we eet, 4% OF perm amd Queshons! panna Mf Af he advantage of athe sens] esis at ns Y do meosure bronek aumnent frees Ire oscilloseo P= vol tae + Re ais pdvantage is vk free to aateulote, fhe. Wu - qs Ry u ala Floune b> kG oe Te 3f TF Me sounee Frequency wos noi olsen == freon, the reochimee— would deanease but we hod w& greater Phase onple - V we procHeal neadings Confinm the Jheoretien| Values 05 they ome opp reoximatelyy dle core 3 weosons Gn dis averonee| an bet af tha, emponen| values: of an prater. S « the tolerance the lenko@e- mesisher y a we Tae. = tneratbonee— and we sishonce men suningy appene” Discussion ° TT All fle preasu figns wene_ Saner. Bal {tas recall domgenous 45 bondle those. irau!| clemenls Gud dhene wos no aacident. “Thene. ane thn ce, types of ennon. ene ame. mechanical

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