DSM-5-TR Summaries

Sarabeth Soubliere

School of Behavioral Sciences, Liberty University

Author Note

Sarabeth Soubliere

I have no known conflict of interest to disclose.

Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Sarabeth Soubliere

Email: SSoubliere@liberty.edu
 “All of the following information was taken from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5th

Edition, Text Revision (American Psychiatric Association, 2022) unless otherwise noted.”

Bipolar and Related Disorders

Overview

Individuals who may suffer from bipolar disorder or other related mood disorders with similar

symptoms frequently exhibit various unusual feelings and behaviors. Mood episodes can be

found anywhere from extreme depression to manic excitement.

Disorders

Radical shifts in mood and energy levels characterize bipolar disorder, a serious mental

illness with multiple aspects. Mood, thought, and conduct are all affected by this disorder. A

person with this debilitating mental illness may go from ecstatically happy and hopeful to utterly

despondent and hopeless in a matter of hours. There are many different classifications for mood

swings, but the most common ones are bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, cyclothymic

disorder, and substance or medication-induced bipolar and related disorders. The diagnostic

criteria for bipolar I disorder are an updated version on what was once called a manic-depressive

disorder or affective psychosis. Many individuals who meet the criteria for a completely

syndromal manic episode also suffer from major depressive episodes. Adults who have

experienced hypomanic and depressive episodes for at least two years but do not satisfy criteria

for mania, hypomania, or major depression are diagnosed with cyclothymic disorder.
 Risk and Prognostic Factors

Genetics make family history a risk factor for bipolar I illness. Bipolar illness in a parent or

sibling. Traumatic events like a loved one's loss. Addiction. Separated, divorced, and widowed

people may be more likely to acquire bipolar I disorder than married or unmarried people.

Bipolar I increase the lifetime risk of suicide attempts or death by suicide.

Depressive Disorders

Overview

Substance/medication-induced depression, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, major

depression, and other forms of depression are covered in this section. Clinical decision-making

and assessment can be guided by the diagnostic criteria and recommendations provided in the

chapter on depressive disorder.

Disorders

Due to overdiagnosis of bipolar disorder in children, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder is

now considered a depressive illness. Dysregulation disease involves chronic irritability and

extreme behavioral dyscontrol.

Major depression is found in adults after two years and in children after one year. Premenstrual

dysphoric disorder causes worry and irritability. Premenstrual mood swings are constant.

Symptoms occur during menstruation. Substance/medication-induced depression usually results

from drunkenness, detox, or medication. A client's severe or terminal disease may lead to

depressive disorder. Day and consecutive months are used to assess brief recurrent depression,

short-duration depressive episodes, and depressive episodes with insufficient symptoms.

Risk and Prognostic Factors

Five factors affect major depression risk and prognosis. Neuroticism increases the risk of

depression. Environmental traumas impact the client’s entire life. Genetic and biochemical

depression is 40% heritable. Finally, drug abuse, anxiety, and borderline personality disorder can

cause course modifiers.

Anxiety Disorders

Overview

Anxiety disorder diagnostic criteria and clinical decision-making principles are in the chapter.

Disorders

Anxiety disorder includes fear, anxiety, and behavioral issues. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

can cause panic attacks. Generalized anxiety disorder and excessive worrying impact work,

school, and social life. Substance/medication induction anxiety is induced by intoxication by

substances.

Risk and Prognostic Factors

These three things affect separation anxiety disorder risk and prognosis. Loss or stress can cause

environmental factors and risks in children and young adults. The DSM-5-TR estimates 73%

heritability for genetic and metabolic risks. Finally, drug abuse, anxiety, and borderline

personality disorder can cause course modifiers.