Social Studies Hand Outs

Andres Bonifacio-founder of Katipunan

Aquilino Pimentel Jr.-founder of Local Government of the Philippines code

Carlos P. Garcia-Filipino first policy

Claro M. Recto-Philippine Constitution

Francisco Balagtas-tagalog poem

Severino Reyes-tagalog drama

Juan Felipe-National Anthem

Manuel Quezon-National Language

Tomas Pinpin-Philippine printing

Dr. Leon Ma. Guerrero-Philippine Pharmacy

Roberto Verzola-Philippine email

Notable Spanish Governor Generals:

*Miguel Lopez de Legaspi-1st Governor General

*Narciso Claveria-responsible for the use of Spanish surnames of the Filipinos

-Catalogo Alfabetico de Appellidos “contains 61, 0000 surnames”

*Jose Basco-implemented Tobacco Monopoly and Galleon Trade

*Carlos Maria dela Torre-most loved governor general in the Philippines

*Rafael Izquierdo-executed GOMBURZA

*Eulogio Despujol-exiled Rizal to Dapitan

*Camilo de Polavieja-approved the execution of Rizal

*Diego de los Rios-116th and last Spanish governor general

PEN NAMES:

*Dr. Jose Rizal-DIMASALANG, LAONG LAAN

*Marcelo del Pilar-PLARIDEL, DOLORES MANAPAT

*Graciano Lopez-Jaena-DIEGO LAURA

*Mariano Ponce-TIKBALANG, KALIPULAKO

*Antonio Luna-TAGA-ILOG

*Jose Maria Panganiban- JOMAPA

*Emilio Jacinto-DIMASILAW, PINGKIAN

 *Andres Bonifacio-AGAPITO BAGUMBAYAN

*Pio Valenzuela-MADLANG-AWAY

*Apolinario Mabini-PARALITICO

*Juan Luna-BUAN

*Emilio Aguinaldo-MAGDALO

*GOMBURZA (February 1872)-Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, Jacinto Zamora

-70th anniversary of the BATTLE OF LEYTE GULF-the largest naval battle in the history

(October 23-29, 1944)

Aug.06, 1945-US forces bombed Hiroshima

Aug.09, 1945-Nagasaki

Sept. 2, 1945-surrender of JAPAN

Jul.4, 1946-Independence Day

“A community of persons more or less numerous, permanently occupying a definite portion of

territory, having a government of their own to which the great body of inhabitance render
obedience and enjoying freedom from external control”.

1. Police Power- to regulate individual’s rights and property for the general welfare
2. Power of Expropriation-to take possession of private property for public purpose and after
payment of just compensation.
3. Power of Taxation-to enforce proportionate contributions from the people for support of
all government programs and services.

FORMS of GOVERNMENT

Monarchy Aristocracy Democracy

Power is exercised by one Power is exercised by Power is exercised by all
person limited few persons people

Absolute, limited Also known as DIRECT (pure)

OLIGARCHY INDIRECT (republic)

Presidential Parliamentary
President is the head of the STATE and Prime Minister
GOVERNMENT
The branches of the government are Executive and legislative branches are
separate and independent combined and will be called
 “PARLIAMENT”

UNITARY FEDERAL
National and Local affairs; controlled by Self-governing states
the National Government

CONSTITUTION

Functions:

1. To serve as the supreme or fundamental law

2. To establish basic framework and underlying principles of government
3. To protect the basic rights of the people

*Kartilya ng Katipunan 1892*

*Biak-na-Bato Constitution 1897*
*1899 Malolos Constitution*-the 1st republic and the 1st republican constitution in Asia
*1902 Philippine Organic Act*-American Occupation
*1916 Philippine Autonomy Act: Jones Law-American Occupation
*1934 Tyding -McDuffie Act (Commonwealth)
*1943 Constitution-2nd Republic (Puppet Republic)
*1935 Constitution-3rd Republic (1946-1972)

“Changing the Constitution”

By Congress By CONCON By People’s Initiative

Senators & congressmen Selected Filipinos will write Filipino people will write the
will write the constitution the constitution constitution

CONCON means-CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION

5 Constitutional Conventions in Philippine History:

1. Tejeros Convention-1897
2. Malolos Congress-1899
3. 1934 Concon
4. 1971 Concon
5. 1986 Con Commission

“The 1987 Constitution”

Ratified: February 02, 1987

Article 1 National Territory
Article II Declaration of Principles and State Policies
Article II Bill of Rights “Charter of Liberty”
Article IV Citizenship
Article V Suffrage
Article VI Legislative Department
Article VII Executive Department
Article VIII Judicial Department
Article IX Constitutional Commission
Article X Local Government
Article XI Accountability of Public Officers
Article XII National Economy and Patrimony
Article XIII Social Justice and Human Rights
Article XIV Education, Science and Technology, Arts, Culture and Sports
Article XV The Family
Article XVI General Provisions
Article XVII Amendments or Revisions
Article XVIII

Can a person be arrested without a warrant?

-When ARREST can be made without a warrant:
1.When in his presence, the person to be arrested has committed, is actually committing,
or is attempting to commit an offense.
2.When an offense has just been committed and he has probable cause to believe based
on personal knowledge of facts or circumstances that the person to be arrested has
committed it.
3.When the person to be arrested is a prisoner who has escaped from a penal
establishment or place where he is serving final judgment or is temporarily confined while
his case is pending or has escaped while being transferred from one confinement to
another.

WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS

KEY WORDS
Habeas Corpus Illegal detention and arrest, due process,
freedom
Habeas Data Information, right to privacy, data, security
Amparo Right to life, protection of natural and
basic rights
Kalikasan Ecology, environmental damage, healthy
environment, nature

THREE BRANCHES of the Philippine Government

1. LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
 Congress- bicameral legislature. The upper house, SENATE, is composed of 24
senators. The senators elect amongst themselves as Senate President.

Senate of the Philippines

*composed of 24 senators who are elected at large by qualified voters
*term of office-6 years
*term limit-2 consecutiveterms (12 years)

House of Representatives
*lower house headed by the House Speaker
*term of office- 3 years
*term limit- 3 consecutive terms (9) years

Qualifications:

 Natural born citizen, at least 25 years old (on the day of election)

“How bill becomes a law?”

 Every bill undergoes three (3) readings before it can be submitted to the
President for approval (Art. VI, Sec.26, 2)
 If signed, bill becomes a LAW. If not signed within 30 days, bill will
automatically become a LAW. (Art. VI, Sec.27)
 If the president vetoes the bill, Congress can override the veto with a two-
thirds super majority vote (Art. VI, Sec. 27 1)

VETO means “I forbid” or “deny”. It is the power vested in the Philippines to

disapprove acts passed by the CONGRESS.

----Senate is given the power to vote on treaties.

-----Money bills can only be introduced by the House of Representatives

TRAIN LAW (RA 10963)

TAX REFORM FOR ACCELERATION AND INCLUSION

(signed by PRRD on Dec.19, 2017)

-----House of Representatives has the power to impeach.

------Senate has the power to try the impeached official

Article XI, 1987 Constitution-a process of removing from office HIGH

GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS charged with serious wrongdoing.
Officials Removable by Impeachment

 President and Vice President

 Members of the Supreme Court
 Members of the Constitutional Commissions (COMELEC, COA, CSC)
 The Ombudsman “Tanodbayan”

Grounds for Impeachment

 Culpable violation of the constitution (e.g. CJ Coronas’s failure to disclose SALN

 Treason- a crime of trying to overthrow your country
 Bribery-the offer or acceptance of anything of value in exchange for influence
 Graft and Corruption-unscrupulous use of a politician’s authority for personal gain
 Betrayal of Public Trust-fraudulent act of malversation of funds and falsification of
documents.

2. EXECUTIVE BRANCH

*Executive Power*-vested to the President. In practice however, the president delegates his power
to a cabinet

President-both the head of state and government, and is directly elected to a single six-year term.

Qualifications of a President:

 Natural born citizen

 At least 40 y.o. on the day of the election
 Can read and write
 Resident of the Philippines for at least 10 years.

PRESIDENT PERIOD
Emilio F. Aguinaldo 1st Republic
Manuel L. Quezon Commonwealth
Jose P. Laurel 2nd Republic
Sergio Osmena Commonwealth
Manuel Roxas Commonwealth, 3rd Republic
Elpedio Quirino 3rd Republic
Ramon Magsaysay 3rd Republic
Carlos P. Garcia 3rd Republic
Diosdado Macapagal 3rd Republic
Ferdinand E. Marcos 3rd Republic, 4th Republic
Corazon C. Aquino 5th Republic
Fidel V. Ramos 5th Republic
Joseph E. Estrada 5th Republic
 Gloria M. Arroyo 5th Republic
Benigno C. Aquino III 5th Republic
Rodrigo R. Duterte 5th Republic

Lawyers (9)-M. Quezon, J. Laurel, S. Osmena, M. Roxas, E. Quirino, C. Garcia, D.

Macapagal, F. Marcos, R. Duterte

Soldiers (2)-E.Aguinaldo, F. Ramos

Econimists (2)-Gloria M. Arroyo, Benigno Simeon Aguino III

Actor-Joseph Estrada

Mechanic-Ramon Magsaysay

Housewife-Corazon Aquino

Vice President-same qualification as the President –

-maybe appointed as a member of the cabinet

3. JUDICIARY BRANCH

 The judiciary is composed of the Supreme Court and “other lower courts”. The SC
Is composed of a CHIEF JUSTICE and 14 Associate Justice.

1st Chief Justice-Cayetano Arellano

Chief Justice-Alexander Gesmundo

*Other lower courts-Court of Appeals, Sandiganbayan, Regional Trial Courts.

 GEOGRAPHY

‘Geo” (EARTH), “Graphien” (to write about)

Geography-study of the Earth’s landforms, oceans, environment and ecosystems,

and the interactions between the human society and their environment.

Notable Geographers:
 Erastosthenes-Father of Geography
 Alexander Von Humboldt-Father of the modern geography
 Hipparchus-invented the system of longitude and latitude used on
maps

Basics of Geography

IDL-an imaginary line on Earth’s surface defining the boundary

between one day and the next. It is located in the 180 degree
longitude.

Continents of the World

In 1912, Alfred Wegener of Germany, presented a new idea about

continents:
Continental drift theory
Pangea (“all Earth”). An ocean called Panthalassa surrounded it.

Continent # of Countries
Asia 49
Africa 54
North America 23
South America 12
Antarctica 0
Australia/Oceania 1/13
Europe 48

1. ASIA

An area of 44, 391, 000 km2 or about 33% of the world’s total land surface.

Most populous with population of 4, 716, 556, 917 (2021) or 59.76% of the worlds
total population.

Mount Everest-locate in NEPAL, which has the highest point which towers at
29.029 ft.

The lowest point is 1, 296 ft. below sea level along the shores of the Dead Sea in
Israel and Jordan.

2. AFRICA
 Total population as of 2021 is 1, 401, 833, 885.
The Europeans called Africa the “DARK CONTINENT”.
Sahara-the largest non-polar desert in the world.
Mt. Kilimanjaro-located in Tanzania, known as the highest mountain.
Nile-the world’s longest river (6, 650 km)

Suez Canal;
 An artificial sea level waterway
 It is located in Egypt, is a 101 mile long canal
 Officially opened in November 1869.
 The canal connects the Mediterranean Sea with the Gulf of Suez, a northern
branch of the RED SEA.

Victoria Falls-is classified as the largest, based on its combined width of 5, 604 ft. and
height of 354 ft.

Two Falls can be seen together: ZIMBABWE and ZAMBIA