TESTS ON

AGGREGATES
GROUP 3
 INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS AGGREGATE?
Aggregates are granular materials which are mixed with binding
materials such as cement or lime for manufacturing of mortar or
concrete. In construction, Aggregate serves as a helping material to
make concrete mixes more compact. It also decreases the
consumption of cement and water and contribute to the mechanical
strength of the concrete, making them an essential ingredient in the
construction and maintenance of rigid structures.

EARL JOHN GATMAITAN

 CLASSIFICATION
Depending upon the size of their particles, aggregates are
classified as:

FINE COARSE
AGGREGATES AGGREGATES

When the aggregate When the aggregate

size is less than size is greater than
4.75mm 4.75mm
 FINE AGGREGATES

SAND (BARAS/BALAS) SURKHI (BRICK DUST) STONE SCREENIGNS

 COARSE AGGREGATES

GRAVEL (GRABA) CRUSHED STONE

 TESTS ON AGGREGATES

Sieve analysis: To determine the particle size distribution of fine and

coarse aggregates by sieving

Water absorption: To determine the water absorption of aggregates

Aggregate abrasion value: To determine the abrasion value of aggregates

Aggregate impact value: To determine the impact value of aggregates

Aggregate crushing value: To determine the crushing value of aggregates

 SAMPLING OF AGGREGATES
AASHTO T2/ ASTM D75

FOUR PRIMARY LOCATION FOR AGGREGATES

SAMPLING COLLECTION:

Flowing Aggregate Stream

Converyor Belt
Stockpiles
Roadways

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hoC47IeEiFA&ab_channel=TC3%28tc3.transportation.org%29
 OVERVIEW

SEIVE WATER AGGREGATE AGGREGATE AGGREGATE

ANALYSIS ABSOPTION ABRASION IMPACT CRUSHING
VALUE VALUE VALUE

ERMELLA SHEEN DIONISIO CYRIL JOSEPH MAHUMOC PRINCESS MAGALLANO CHRISTINE GRACE DELA POZ CHRISTIAN JUDE SOLATORIO
 SIEVE
ANALYSIS
STANDARD TEST METHOD FOR SIEVE ANALYSIS OF FINE AND COARSE AGGREGATES
AASHTO T 27 AND ASTM C136

SIEVE ANALYSIS
commonly known as gradation test
Gradation- the distribution of aggregate particles, by size, within a given sample.

AGGREGATE GRADING

it is a measure of how well

distributed the sizes of the
particles in an aggregate are.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USES

This test method is used primarily to:

determine the grading of materials proposed for use as aggregates
or being used as aggregates
determine compliance of the particle size distribution with
applicable specification requirements
provide necessary data for control of the production of various
aggregate products and mixtures containing aggregates
develop relationships concerning porosity and packing
CHARACTERISTICS OF A WELL- GRADED
AGGREGATE

Good Workability
Reasonable Mix
Good Compaction
Better Resistance
Low Strength and Shrinkage
 PREPARATION OF SAMPLE
The weight of sample available should not be less than the weight shown in the table.

The sample for sieving should be prepared

from the larger sample either by quartering
or by means of a sample divider.

QUARTERING METHOD

SAMPLE DIVIDER
STANDARD TEST METHOD FOR SIEVE ANALYSIS OF FINE AND COARSE AGGREGATES
AASHTO T 27 AND ASTM C136

To determine the particle size distribution of fine and coarse aggregates by

AIM sieving as per IS: 2386 (Part I) - 1963.

By passing the sample downward through a series of standard sieves, each of

PRINCIPLE decreasing size openings, the aggregates are separated into several groups, each
of which contains aggregates in a particular size range.
STANDARD TEST METHOD FOR SIEVE ANALYSIS OF FINE AND COARSE AGGREGATES
AASHTO T 27 AND ASTM C136

APPARATUS

I) A SET OF IS SIEVES OF SIZES -

80mm, 63mm, 50mm, 40mm, 31.5mm, 25mm, 20mm,
16mm, 12.5mm, 10mm, 6.3mm, 4.75mm, 3.35mm, 2.36mm,
1.18mm, 600μm, 300μm, 150μm and 75μm

STANDARD TEST METHOD FOR SIEVE ANALYSIS OF FINE AND COARSE AGGREGATES
AASHTO T 27 AND ASTM C136

APPARATUS

II) BALANCE OR SCALE

Should have an accuracy to measure 0.1 percent of the weight of
the test sample.
STANDARD TEST METHOD FOR SIEVE ANALYSIS OF FINE AND COARSE AGGREGATES
AASHTO T 27 AND ASTM C136

APPARATUS
III) MECHANICAL SIEVE SHAKER

must provide a vertical or lateral and

vertical motion to the sieve, causing
the particles thereon to bounce and
turn so as to present different
orientations to the sieving surface.
STANDARD TEST METHOD FOR SIEVE ANALYSIS OF FINE AND COARSE AGGREGATES
AASHTO T 27 AND ASTM C136

PROCEDURE
i) The test sample is dried to a constant weight at a temperature of 110 + 5oC and
weighed.
ii) The sample is sieved by using a set of IS Sieves. Nest the sieves in order of
decreasing size from top to bottom and begin agitating and shaking the sample for a
sufficient amount of time.
iii) After the material has been sieved, remove each tray, weigh each size, and record
each weight to the nearest 0.1 g.

Note: The final total of the weights retained on each sieve should be within 0.3% of the original weight of the sample
prior to grading.
STANDARD TEST METHOD FOR SIEVE ANALYSIS OF FINE AND COARSE AGGREGATES
AASHTO T 27 AND ASTM C136

REPORTING OF RESULTS

The results should be calculated and reported as:

i) the cumulative percentage by weight of the total sample
ii) the percentage by weight of the total sample passing through one
sieve and retained on the next smaller sieve, to the nearest 0.1 percent.
STANDARD TEST METHOD FOR SIEVE ANALYSIS OF FINE AND COARSE AGGREGATES
AASHTO T 27 AND ASTM C136
OBSERVATION AND CALCULATION

https://virtual-labs.github.io/exp-fineness-modulus-of-aggregates-nitk/procedure.html
WATER ABSORPTION
 OBJECTIVE

Water absorption gives an idea on the internal

structure of aggregate. Aggregates having more
absorption are more porous in nature and are
generally considered unsuitable, unless found to
be acceptable based on strength, impact and
hardness tests.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

1 .Wire basket - of not more than 6.3mm mesh

or a perforated container of convenient size
with thin wire hangers for suspending it from
the balance.

2 .Setup of Water Absorption Test

The setup consists of container for filling
water and suspending the wire basket in it and
an airtight container of capacity similar to
that of basket, a shallow tray and two dry
absorbent clothes.
PROCEDURE

1. About 2 kg of aggregate sample is taken, washed to

remove fines and then placed in the wire basket. The
wire basket is then immersed in water, which is at a
temperature of 220C to 320C.

2. Immediately after immersion the entrapped air is

removed from the sample by lifting the basket 25
mm above the base of the tank and allowing it to
drop, 25 times at a rate of about one drop per second
3. The basket, with aggregate are kept completely
immersed in water for a period of 24 ± 0.5 hour.

4. The basket and aggregate are weighed while

suspended in water, which is at a temperature of
220C to 320C.

5. The basket and aggregates are removed from

water and dried with dry absorbent cloth.
6. The surface dried aggregates are also weighed. (M1)

7. The aggregate is placed in a shallow tray and

heated to 100 to 1100C in the oven for 24 ± 0.5 hours.
Later, it is cooled in an airtight container and
weighed. (M2)

CALCULATION
EH PLAY NA ANG VIDEO DOL
SALAMAT!
AGGREGATE ABRASION VALUE
AGGREGATE ABRASION VALUE
- is the value that determine aggregate
toughness and abrasion resistance.

ABRASION TEST
-This test helps to determine the abrasion value
of coarse aggregates as per IS: (Part IV)- 1963.
 USE OF ABRASION TEST
1. To find out what could be the abrasion value of
aggregate before use in specific operations.
2. To determine the suitability of aggregates for use in
road construction projects.
3. Ultimately hardness of an aggregate can be
determined by knowing its properties of aggregate.
LOS ANGELES ABRASION TEST

this test is carried out by AASHTO T 96 or

ASTM C 131 : Resistance to Degradation
of Small - Size Coarse Aggregate by
Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles
Machine.
 APPARATUS

LOS ANGELES ABRASION TESTING MACHINE

1.7 mm IS SIEVE OVEN
 Abrasive charge - 12 nos. cast iron or steel spheres
approximately 48 mm diameter and each weighing between
390 and 445g ensuring that the total weight of charge is 5000
+ 25g
PREPARATION OF SAMPLE

The test sample should consist of clean

aggregates which has been dried in an
oven at 105 to 110C to a substantially
constant weight and should conform to one
of the gradings shown in the table:
 PROCEDURE
1. Place the test sample and the abrasive charge should be
placed in the Los Angeles abrasion testing machine.
2. Set the machine to rotate at a speed of 20 to 33
revolutions/minute for 1000 revolutions.
3. At the completion of the test, the material should be
discharged and sieved through 1.70mm IS Sieve.
 REPORTING OF RESULTS
i)The material coarser than 1.70mm IS Sieve should be
washed, dried in an oven at a temperature of 100 to 110C to
a constant weight and weighted (Weight ‘B’).
ii)The proportion of loss between ‘A’ and weight ‘B’ of the
test sample should be expressed as a percentage of the
original weight of the test sample. This value should be
reported as,
 CALCULATION

Aggregate abrasion value = (A-B)/A x 100%

AGGREGATE IMPACT VALUE

The Impact Test on Aggregates is a

method used to evaluate the
aggregate’s toughness and
resistance to impact, as per Indian
Standard 2386 (Part 4):1963.
APPARATUS

Impact testing machine

conforming to IS: 2386
(Part IV) - 1963
APPARATUS

IS Sieves
of sizes - 12.5mm, 10mm
and 2.36mm
APPARATUS

A cylindrical metal
measure of 75mm dia.
and 50mm depth
APPARATUS

A tamping rod of 10mm

circular cross section
and 230mm length,
rounded at one end
APPARATUS

Oven
APPARATUS

Weigh scale to the

accuracy of 1gm

APPARATUS

Metal Trays
PREPARATION OF SAMPLE
PROCEDURE

PR
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REPORTING OF RESULTS

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https://ts-nitk.vlabs.ac.in/exp/impact-test/simulation.html
PREPARATION OF SAMPLE
i) The test sample should conform to the following grading: - Passing through
12.5mm IS Sieve 100% - Retention on 10mm IS Sieve 100%

ii) The sample should be oven-dried for 4hrs. at a temperature of 100 to 110o C
and cooled.

iii) The measure should be about one-third full with the prepared aggregates and
tamped with 25 strokes of the tamping rod. A further similar quantity of
aggregates should be added and a further tamping of 25 strokes given. The
measure should finally be filled to overflow, tamped 25 times and the surplus
aggregates struck off, using a tamping rod as a straight edge. The net weight of the
aggregates in the measure should be determined to the nearest gram (Weight 'A').
 PROCEDURE
i) The cup of the impact testing machine should be fixed firmly in position on the
base of the machine and the whole of the test sample placed in it and compacted
by 25 strokes of the tamping rod.

ii) The hammer should be raised to 380mm above the upper surface of the
aggregates in the cup and allowed to fall freely onto the aggregates. The test
sample should be subjected to a total of 15 such blows, each being delivered at an
interval of not less than one second.
 REPORTING OF RESULTS
i) The sample should be removed and sieved through a 2.36mm IS Sieve. The
fraction passing through should be weighed (Weight 'B'). The fraction retained
on the sieve should also be weighed (Weight 'C') and if the total weight (B+C) is
less than the initial weight (A) by more than one gram, the result should be
discarded and a fresh test done.

ii) The ratio of the weight of the fines formed to the total sample weight should
be expressed as a percentage.

iii) Two such tests should be carried out and the mean of the results should be
reported.
AGGREGATE CRUSHING VALUE
AGGREGATE CRUSHING VALUE
-is a numerical index of the strength of the
aggregate. It is the ability of an aggregate
to resist crushing under a gradually applied
compressive load.

OBJECTIVE:
-to asses strength of course aggregates used
in the pavement components under
gradually applied loads and to determine the
aggregate's crushing value of the given
sample aggregates. IS: 2386 (Part IV) - 1963.
APPARATUS
1.) Cylindrical measure and plunger
2.) Compression testing machine
3.) IS Sieves of sizes - 12.5mm, 10mm and 2.36mm
APPARATUS
4. Oven
5.Weighing scale
6. Timer
PROCEDURE:
1. The aggregates passing through 12.5mm and retained on 10mm
IS Sieve are oven-dried at a temperature of 100 to 110o C for 3 to
4hrs.
2. The cylinder of the apparatus is filled in 3 layers, each layer
tamped with 25 strokes of a tamping rod.

3. The weight of aggregates is measured (Weight 'A').

4. The surface of the aggregates is then levelled and

the plunger inserted. The apparatus is then placed in
the compression testing machine and loaded at a
uniform rate so as to achieve 40t load in 10 minutes.
After this, the load is released.
PROCEDURE:
5. The sample is then sieved through a 2.36mm IS Sieve and
the fraction passing through the sieve is weighed (Weight 'B').

6. Two tests should be conducted.

REPORTING RESULTS

A value less than 10 signifies an

The result should be recorded to exceptionally strong aggregate
the first decimal place and the while above 35 would normally
be regarded as weak
mean of the two results reported. aggregates.
Aggregate Crushing Values for Roads and Pavement Construction
FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT
Aggregate Crushing Value Limit
Types of Roads / Pavements
(%)

Flexible Pavements
Concrete Pavement
Base course Soling 50
Subbase course
Water bound macadam 40

Subgrade(existing soil) Bituminous macadam 40

Bituminous surface dressing or

RIGID PAVEMENT 30
thin premix carpet

Dense mix carpet 30

Rigid Pavements

Other than wearing course 45

Surface or Wearing course 30

Aggregate Crushing Value simulation
https://ts-nitk.vlabs.ac.in/exp/crushing-value/simulation.html

Thank You