Group Members:

Aliermo, Maxine
Camarino, Kyle
Melicorio, Jameson
Moreno, Allen
Reyes, Ariff
•

•
 𝒍𝒆𝒇 𝒍𝒆𝒇
≤ 𝟏𝟐 < 𝟒𝟓
𝒃 𝒓

where: where:

𝑙𝑒𝑓 = 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑙𝑒𝑓 = 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ

𝑏 = 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝑟 = 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑦𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
 𝒍𝒆𝒇 𝒍𝒆𝒇
≥ 𝟏𝟐 > 𝟒𝟓
𝒃 𝒓

where: where:

𝑙𝑒𝑓 = 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑙𝑒𝑓 = 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ

𝑏 = 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝑟 = 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑦𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
 𝑲𝒍
𝟒𝟎 ≤ ≤ 𝟏𝟐𝟎
𝒓

where:

𝐾 = 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡

𝑙 = 𝑢𝑛𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
𝑟 = 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑦𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
 TYPES OF LOADING
AXIALLY LOADED COLUMNS ECCENTRICALLY LOADED COLUMNS

P P
P

y x y x y x

e P
P e
e
P

e
CRITICAL BUCKLING LOAD
 The effective length of a column is defined as the distance between points of zero moment in a
column, that is the distance between its inflection point.
DESIGN OF COMPRESSION MEMBER
WITH LATERAL SUPPORT
kL kL
The design of columns if the effective length is different. ( ) >( )
r x r y
• Compare Slenderness Ratio

Two Different Approaches

• Trial and Error Procedure
• AISC Design Table (No Computation Needed)
1) Select a trial section assuming (kl/r) = 50
2) Compute (kl/r)y and (kl/r)x
3) Determine the ØcFcr or Fcr/Ωc based on the larger values
of (kl/r) and multiply to Ag to compute ØcPn or Pn/Ωc.
4) Select another section if necessary.
Given:
PD = 120 k A992, Grade 50 steel:
PL = 145 k Fy = 50 ksi
KL = 15ft Fu = 65 ksi

LRFD

Pu = 1.2(D) + 1.6(L)
Pu = 1.2(120) + 1.6(145)
Pu = 375 Kips
Given:
PD = 120 k A992, Grade 50 steel:
PL = 145 k Fy = 50 ksi
KL = 15ft Fu = 65 ksi

LRFD Using AISC table 4-22:

Assume KL = 50
Pu = 1.2(D) + 1.6(L) r
Pu = 1.2(120) + 1.6(145)
Pu = 375 Kips
Given:
PD = 120 k A992, Grade 50 steel:
PL = 145 k Fy = 50 ksi
KL = 15ft Fu = 65 ksi

LRFD Using AISC table 4-22:

Assume KL = 50
Pu = 1.2(D) + 1.6(L) r
Pu = 1.2(120) + 1.6(145) ØcFcr = 37.5 ksi
Pu = 375 Kips

For Area required:

Areq'd = Pu = 375 = 10.0267 in2
ØcFcr 37.5
Try W10x39:
Given: A = 11.5 in2
ry = 1.98

KL = 15(12) = 90.9091 < 113.4813 ∴ Use Fcr = 0.658fy/fe(fy)

r​y 1.98

π2(29000)
Fe = = 34.6324 ksi
(90.9091)2

Fcr = 0.65850/34.6324(50)
Fcr = 27.3235 ksi
Try W10x39:
Given: A = 11.5 in2
ry = 1.98
KL = 15(12) = 90.9091 < 113.4813 ∴ Use Fcr = 0.658fy/fe(fy)
r​y 1.98
π2(29000)
Fe = = 34.6324 ksi
(90.9091)2
Fcr = 0.65850/34.6324(50)
Fcr = 27.3235 ksi

∅cPn=0.9(27.3235)(11.5)
∅cPn=282.7985 kips
Try W10x39:
Given: A = 11.5 in2
ry = 1.98
KL = 15(12) = 90.9091 < 113.4813 ∴ Use Fcr = 0.658fy/fe(fy)
r​y 1.98
π2(29000)
Fe = = 34.6324 ksi
(90.9091)2

Fcr = 0.65850/34.6324(50)
Fcr = 27.3235 ksi

∅cPn=0.9(27.3235)(11.5)
∅cPn=282.7985 kips

Since 282.7985 kips < 376 kips ∴ Inadequate!

Try W10x45:
Given: A = 13.3 in2
ry = 2.01

KL = 15(12) = 89.5522 < 113.4813 ∴ Use Fcr = 0.658fy/fe(fy)

r​y 2.01

π2(29000)
Fe = = 35.6897 ksi
(89.5522)2

Fcr = 0.65850/345.6897(50)
Fcr = 27.8171 ksi

∅cPn=0.9(27.8171)(13.3)
∅cPn=332.9709 kips

332.9709 kips < 376 kips ∴ Inadequate!

Try W10x49:
Given: A = 14.4 in2
ry = 2.54

KL = 15(12) = 70.8661 < 113.4813 ∴ Use Fcr = 0.658fy/fe(fy)

r​y 2.54

π2(29000)
Fe = = 56.9928 ksi
(70.8661)2

Fcr = 0.65850/56.9928(50)
Fcr = 34.6337 ksi

∅cPn = 0.9(34.6337)(14.4)
∅cPn = 448.8528 kips
448.8528 kips > 376 kips ∴ Adequate!

∴ USE W10x49
Given:
PD = 120 k A992, Grade 50 steel:
PL = 145 k Fy = 50 ksi
KL = 15ft Fu = 65 ksi

ASD

Pu = D + L
Pu = 120 + 145
Pu = 265 Kips
Given:
PD = 120 k A992, Grade 50 steel:
PL = 145 k Fy = 50 ksi
KL = 15ft Fu = 65 ksi

ASD Using AISC table 4-22:

Assume KL = 50
Pu = D + L r
Pu = 120 + 145
Pu = 265 Kips
Given:
PD = 120 k A992, Grade 50 steel:
PL = 145 k Fy = 50 ksi
KL = 15ft Fu = 65 ksi

ASD Using AISC table 4-22:

Assume KL = 50
Pu = D + L r
Pu = 120 + 145
Fcr/Ωc = 24.9
Pu = 265 Kips

For Area required:

Pu
Areq'd = = 265 = 10.6425 in2
ØcFcr 24.9
Try W10x49:
Given: A = 14.4 in2
ry = 2.54

KL = 15(12) = 70.8661 < 113.4813 ∴ Use Fcr = 0.658fy/fe(fy)

r​y 2.54

π2(29000)
Fe = = 56.9928 ksi
(70.8661)2

Fcr = 0.65850/56.9928(50)
Fcr = 34.6337 ksi
Try W10x49:
Given: A = 14.4 in2
ry = 2.54
KL = 15(12) = 70.8661 < 113.4813 ∴ Use Fcr = 0.658fy/fe(fy)
r​y 2.54

π2(29000)
Fe = = 56.9928 ksi
(70.8661)2

Fcr = 0.65850/56.9928(50)
Fcr = 34.6337 ksi

∅cPn = (34.6337)(14.4) = 298.6379 kips

1.67

Since 298.6379 kips > 265 kips ∴ Adequate!

∴ USE W10x49
PROBLEM 2:
Select the lightest available W8 section to support the axial compression loads PD = 90 k and
PL = 115 k if KLx = 24 ft, KLy = 12 ft and A992, Grade 50 steel is used.
LRFD:
Pu= 1.2D + 1.6L= 1.2(90) + 1.6(115)= 292K (𝜋2)(29000)
𝐾𝐿 Fe = 2
= 36.2245ksi
*Assume, = 50 ; Fy= 50 ; ØcFcr= 37.5ksi (88.8889)
𝑟
𝑃𝑢 292 50
Areq= = = 7.7867in2 ( )
Ø𝑐𝐹𝑐𝑟 37.5 Fcr = [0.658 .
36 2245 ] 50 = 28.0589ksi
TRY W8x28
Ag=8.25in. 2 ; rx=3.45in. ; ry=1.62in. ØcPn= (0.9)(Fcr)(Ag)= (0.9)(28.0589)(8.25)
ØcPn= 208.3373K
𝐾𝑥𝐿𝑥 (24)(12)
= = 83.4783
𝑟𝑥 3.45 ØcPn < Pu INADEQUATE!

𝐾𝑦𝐿𝑦 (12)(12) 29000

= = 88.8889 < 4.71 = 113.4318
𝑟𝑦 1.62 50
TRY W8x31 TRY W8x35
Ag=9.13in. 2 ; rx=3.47in. ; ry=2.02in. Ag=10.3in. 2 ; rx=3.51in. ; ry=2.03in.
𝐾𝑥𝐿𝑥 (24)(12) 𝐾𝑥𝐿𝑥 (24)(12)
= = 82.9971 (CONTROLS!) = = 82.0513 (CONTROLS!)
𝑟𝑥 3.47 𝑟𝑥 3.51

𝐾𝑦𝐿𝑦 (12)(12) 𝐾𝑦𝐿𝑦 (12)(12)

= = 71.2871 = = 70.9360
𝑟𝑦 2.02 𝑟𝑦 2.03

(𝜋2)(29000) (𝜋2)(29000)
Fe = 2
= 41.5501ksi Fe = 2
= 42.5135ksi
(82.9971) (82.0513)
50 50
( ) ( )
Fcr = [0.658 .
41 5501 ] 50 = 30.2155ksi Fcr = [0.658 .
42 5135 ] 50 = 30.5623ksi

ØcPn= (0.9)(Fcr)(Ag)= (0.9)(30.2155)(9.13) ØcPn= (0.9)(Fcr)(Ag)= (0.9)(30.5623)(10.3)

ØcPn= 248.2808K ØcPn= 283.3125K
ØcPn < Pu INADEQUATE! ØcPn < Pu INADEQUATE!
TRY W8x40 ASD: LOAD COMBINATION NO. 2
Ag=11.7in. 2 ; rx=3.53in. ; ry=2.04in.
Given:
𝐾𝑥𝐿𝑥 (24)(12) 𝐾𝐿
= 50 ; ØcFcr= 24.9ksi
= = 81.5864 (CONTROLS!) 𝑟
𝑟𝑥 3.53
𝐾𝑦𝐿𝑦 (12)(12) Pa= D+L= 90+115= 205K
= = 70.5882 𝑃𝑢 205
𝑟𝑦 2.04 Areq= = = 8.2329in2
Ø𝑐𝐹𝑐𝑟 24.9
(𝜋2)(29000) TRY W8x40
Fe = 2
= 42.9994ksi
(81.5864) 𝑃𝑛 (30.7328)(11.7)
50 = = 215.3136𝐾
( ) ∩𝑐 1.67
Fcr = [0.658 .
42 9994 ] 50 = 30.7328ksi 𝑃𝑛
>Pa ADEQUATE
∩𝑐
ØcPn= (0.9)(Fcr)(Ag)= (0.9)(30.7328)(11.7)
ØcPn= 323.6164K USEW8x40 SAFE AND ECONOMICAL
ØcPn > Pu ADEQUATE!

USE W8x40 SAFE AND ECONOMICAL

 For LRFD

Pu = 1.2(68) + 1.0(144) + 0.5(120)

Pu = 285.8k

Assume:
𝑘𝐿
= 50
𝑟
Given: From the AISC Table
𝑘𝐿
= 22 𝑓𝑡
𝑟 ∅𝑐 𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 37.5

DL = 68k Required Area:

LL = 144k 𝑃𝑢 285.6
WL = 120k 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑞 = = = 7.616 𝑖𝑛2
∅𝑐 𝐹𝑐𝑟 37.5
Fy = 50

𝐸 29000
4.71 = 4.71 = 113.43
𝐹𝑦 50
Pu = 285.8k

𝑘𝐿
= 22 𝑓𝑡
𝑟

𝑃𝑢 2156
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑞 = = = 7.616 𝑖𝑛2
∅𝑐 𝐹𝑐𝑟 37.5 𝜋 2 (29,000)
𝐹𝑒 = = 15.78
134.692

Try: W12x50
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 0.877 15.78 = 13.84
Properties:
Ag = 14.6
∅𝑐 𝑃𝑛 = 0.9 13.84 14.6 = 181,86 < 𝑃𝑢
ry = 1.96
∴ 𝑁𝑜𝑡 𝑂𝑘𝑎𝑦!

𝑘𝐿 22(12)
= = 134.69 > 113.43
𝑟 1.96
Pu = 285.8k

𝑘𝐿
= 22 𝑓𝑡
𝑟

𝑃𝑢 2156 𝜋 2 (29,000)
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑞 = = = 7.616 𝑖𝑛2 𝐹𝑒 = = 25.26
∅𝑐 𝐹𝑐𝑟 37.5 106.452

50ൗ
Try: W12x53 𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 0.658 25.26 50 = 21.84

Properties:
Ag = 15.6 ∅𝑐 𝑃𝑛 = 0.9 21.84 15.6 = 306.63 > 𝑃𝑢
ry = 2.48
∴ 𝑊12𝑥53 𝑖𝑠 𝐴𝑑𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝐿𝑅𝐹𝐷
𝑘𝐿 22(12)
= = 106.45 < 113.43
𝑟 2.48
 For ASD

Pn = 68 + 0.75(120) + 0.75(0.6x144)
Pu = 222.8

Assume:
𝑘𝐿
= 50
𝑟
Given: From the AISC Table
𝑘𝐿
= 22 𝑓𝑡
𝑟 𝑃𝑛
= 24.9
𝛺𝑐
DL = 68k
LL = 144k Required Area:
WL = 120k 𝑃𝑛 222.8
Fy = 50 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑞 = = = 8. 95𝑖𝑛2
𝑃𝑛 24.9
(𝛺 )
𝑐

𝐸 29000
4.71 = 4.71 = 113.43
𝐹𝑦 50
Pn = 222.8k

𝑘𝐿
= 22 𝑓𝑡
𝑟

𝑃𝑛 222.8 𝜋 2 (29,000)
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑞 = = = 8. 95𝑖𝑛2 𝐹𝑒 = = 25.26
𝑃𝑛 24.9 106.452
( )
𝛺𝑐

50ൗ
Try: W12x53 𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 0.658 25.26 50 = 21.84

Properties:
Ag = 15.6 𝑃𝑛 𝐹𝑐𝑟 𝐴𝑔 21.84 (15.6)
= = = 204.01 < 𝑃𝑛
ry = 2.48 𝛺𝑐 1.67 1.67

𝑘𝐿 22(12) ∴ 𝑁𝑜𝑡 𝑂𝑘𝑎𝑦!

= = 106.45 < 113.43
𝑟 2.48
Pn = 222.8k

𝑘𝐿
= 22 𝑓𝑡
𝑟

𝑃𝑛 222.8 𝜋 2 (29,000)
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑞 = = = 8. 95𝑖𝑛2 𝐹𝑒 = = 22.56
𝑃𝑛 24.9 105.182
( )
𝛺𝑐

50ൗ
Try: W12x58 𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 0.658 22.56 50 = 22.05

Properties:
Ag = 17.0 𝑃𝑛 𝐹𝑐𝑟 𝐴𝑔 22.05 (17.0)
= = = 224.46 > 𝑃𝑛
ry = 2.51 𝛺𝑐 1.67 1.67

𝑘𝐿 22(12) ∴ 𝑊12𝑥58 𝑖𝑠 𝐴𝑑𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐴𝑆𝐷

= = 105.18 < 113.43
𝑟 2.51
Given:
PD = 510 k A992 steel: Fy = 50 ksi
PL = 720 k E = 29000
KLx = 30ft *select W12
KLy = 10ft
Using AISC table 4-22:
LRFD Assume KL = 50
r
Pu = 1.2(D) + 1.6(L)
Pu = 1.2(510) + 1.6(720) ØcFcr = 37.5 ksi
Pu = 1764 Kips
For Area required:
Pu 1764
Areq'd = = = 47.04 in2
ØcFcr 37.5
 Try W12x170:
Given: Ag= 50 in2
Rx = 5.74 in
ry = 3.22 in
Comparing Slenderness Ratio
KxLx = 30(12) = 62.71777003 ∴ (Controls!)
r​x 5.74
KyLy = 10(12) = 32.26708075
r​y 3.22
KL​
4.71 √E/fy = 4.71 √29000/50 = 118.4318209 > ∴ Use Fcr = 0.658fy/fe(fy)
r​
π2(29000)
Fe = = 72.76399353 ksi
(62.71777003)2
Fcr = 0.65850/72.76399353(50) = 37.50277229
Pn = Fcr Ag
= 37.50277229(50) = 1875.138615 k
∅cPn = 0.9 (1875.138615) = 1687.624754 < Pu = 1764 k ∴ NOT OK!
Try W12x190:
Given: Ag= 56 in2
Rx = 5.82 in
ry = 3.25 in
Comparing Slenderness Ratio
KxLx = 30(12) = 61.8556701 ∴ (Controls!)
r​x 5.82
KyLy = 10(12) = 36.42307692
r​y 3.25
KL​ ∴ Use Fcr = 0.658fy/fe(fy)
4.71 √E/fy = 118.4318209 >
2
r​
π (29000)
Fe = = 74.8064 ksi
(61.8556701)2
Fcr = 0.65856/74.8064(56) = 37.7984k
Pn = Fcr Ag
= 37.7984(56) = 2116.7104 k
∅cPn = 0.9 (2116.7104) = 1905.0394k > Pu = 1764 k ∴ OK!
∴USE W12x190
 ASD
Pa = D + L
= 510 + 720 = 1230k
Pa 1230
Areq'd =
Fcr/Ωc = 24.9
=49.3976 in2
Try W12x190:
Given: Ag= 56 in2
Rx = 5.82 in
ry = 3.25 in
*Input the given data of Fe and Fcr
Fe = 74.8064
Fcr = 37.7984
Pn = 2116.7104 = 1267.4913 k > Pa = 1230 k
Ωc 1.67
∴ OK!
∴USE W12x190
PROBLEM 5
Design a column with an effective length of KLx = 24 ft and KLy = 12 ft to support a dead
load of 20 k, a live load of 370 k. Select the lightest W10 of A992 steel.

Given:
𝐾𝐿𝑥 = 24 𝑓𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 20 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠
𝐾𝐿𝑦 = 12 𝑓𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 370 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠
𝑓𝑦 = 50 𝑘𝑠𝑖

𝑳𝑹𝑭𝑫
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑞 ′ 𝑑
𝑃𝑈 = 1.2𝐷 + 1.6𝐿
= 1.2 20 + 1.6 370 𝑃𝑈 616
= 𝟔𝟏𝟔 𝒌𝒊𝒑𝒔 = =
∅𝐹𝑐𝑟 37.5

= 𝟏𝟔. 𝟒𝟐𝟔𝟕 𝒊𝒏𝟐

𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐴𝐼𝑆𝐶 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 4 − 22
𝐾𝐿
= 50
𝑟
∅𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 𝟑𝟕. 𝟓 𝒌𝒔𝒊
𝑻𝑹𝒀 𝑾𝟏𝟎𝒙𝟔𝟎

𝐴𝑔 = 17.7 𝑖𝑛2
𝑟𝑥 = 4.39 𝑖𝑛
𝑟𝑦 = 2.57 𝑖𝑛

𝐾𝑥 𝐿𝑥 (24)(12) 𝐸 29000
= = 65.6036, 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑠! < 4.71 = 4.71 = 113.4318
𝑟𝑥 4.39 𝐹𝑦 50

𝐾𝑦 𝐿𝑦 (12)(12)
= = 56.0311
𝑟𝑦 2.57
𝜋 2𝐸 𝜋 2 (29000)
𝐹𝑒 = 2 = = 66.5031 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝐾𝑥 𝐿𝑥 65.6036 2
𝑟𝑥
𝐹𝑦 50
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 0.658 𝐹𝑒 𝐹𝑦 = 0.658 66.5031 50 = 36.5009 𝑘𝑠𝑖

∅𝑐𝑃𝑛 = 0.9 36.5009 17.7 = 581.4600 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠 < 616 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠

∴ 𝑰𝑵𝑨𝑫𝑬𝑸𝑼𝑨𝑻𝑬!
𝑻𝑹𝒀 𝑾𝟏𝟎𝒙𝟔𝟖

𝐴𝑔 = 19.9 𝑖𝑛2
𝑟𝑥 = 4.44 𝑖𝑛
𝑟𝑦 = 2.59 𝑖𝑛

𝐾𝑥 𝐿𝑥 (12)(24) 𝐸 29000
= = 64.8649, 𝑔𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑠! < 4.71 = 4.71 = 113.4318
𝑟𝑥 4.44 𝐹𝑦 50

𝐾𝑦 𝐿𝑦 (12)(12)
= = 55.5985
𝑟𝑦 2.59
𝜋 2𝐸 𝜋 2 (29000)
𝐹𝑒 = 2 = = 68.0266 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝐾𝑥 𝐿𝑥 (64.8649)2
𝑟𝑥
𝐹𝑦 50
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 0.658 𝐹𝑒 𝐹𝑦 = 0.658 68.0266 50 = 36.7591 𝑘𝑠𝑖

∅𝑐𝑃𝑛 = 0.9 36.7591 19.9 = 658.3554 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠 > 616 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠

 𝑨𝑺𝑫

𝑃𝑎 = 𝐷 + 𝐿
= 20 + 370
= 𝟑𝟗𝟎 𝒌𝒊𝒑𝒔

𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐴𝐼𝑆𝐶 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 4 − 22

𝐾𝐿
= 50
𝑟 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑞 ′ 𝑑
𝐹𝑐𝑟
= 24.9 𝑘𝑠𝑖 𝑃𝑎 390
Ωc = = 15.6625 𝑖𝑛 2
𝐹𝑐𝑟 24.49
Ωc
𝑻𝑹𝒀 𝑾𝟏𝟎𝒙𝟔𝟖

𝐴𝑔 = 19.9 𝑖𝑛2
𝑟𝑥 = 4.44 𝑖𝑛
𝑟𝑦 = 2.59 𝑖𝑛

𝐾𝑥 𝐿𝑥 (12)(24) 𝐸 29000
= = 64.8649, 𝑔𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑠! < 4.71 = 4.71 = 113.4318
𝑟𝑥 4.44 𝐹𝑦 50

𝐾𝑦 𝐿𝑦 (12)(12)
= = 55.5985
𝑟𝑦 2.59
𝜋 2𝐸 𝜋 2 (29000)
𝐹𝑒 = 2 = = 68.0266 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝐾𝑥 𝐿𝑥 (64.8649)2
𝑟𝑥
𝐹𝑦 50
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 0.658 𝐹𝑒 𝐹𝑦 = 0.658 68.0266 50 = 36.7591 𝑘𝑠𝑖

𝑃𝑛 (36.7591)(19.9)
= = 438.0275 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠 > 390 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠
Ωc 1.67