Public Speaking

Week 2 - Session 1

“Integrity is telling myself the truth and honesty is telling the truth to other peole” –
Spencer Johnson
 Learning outcomes

By the end of this session, you will be able to :

• Provide ideas of the factors that determine the selection of your topic.
• Select and narrow a Topic for your next presentation
• Determine the General Purpose of your speech
• Determine the Specific Purpose of your speech
• Develop your Central Idea
• Professional learning outcome :

• Virtual Campus Further Practice

Material
Virtual Campus Further Practice Material: Power
Point Presentation summary + additional supporting
material.

• References:

References:
S. Lucas, (2008)The art of public speaking 10th ed.
McMillan, New York.
ACTIVATING PRIOR
KNOWLEDGE
• Answer the following questions:
• Why is it important to know our
audience?
• What kind of information can
we get about the audience?
• When can we get information
about the audience?
 The Audience-centered
approach of Public Speaking
Step by Step
OUTSIDE THE CLASSROOM
For the expert Public Speaker, selecting a Topic is
determined by…
Audience
Context Speaker’s Qualifications

What is the occasion for Credentials: Education

Who is the audience? the speech? and experience

What are the Place -Titles:Owner, Vice President,

Director of Operations.
interests, Event -Publications:Books by, or about,
talents, and you.
-Media exposure.
experiences of the -Patents.
audience? -Inventions.
-Years in Business.
-Specific Business
Accomplishments.
IN OUR SPEECH CLASS
• Choosing a TOPIC might mean
There are two broad categories for
Choosing a topic
Topics you want
Topics you know
to know more
a lot about
about

Make the speech a

Draw on your own
learning experience
knowledge and
for you and for the
experience
audience

Think about Think of subjects

unusual about which you
experiences you have strong beliefs
may have had and opinions
 Brainstorming

• In groups decide:
• 1. What is brainstorming?
• 2. Which brainstorming procedures do you know/use?

• Share with the class.

Graphic Organizers
 Brainstorming procedures

interests people concepts

hobbies places Natural
skills Personal things phenomena
beliefs
Clustering problems
Inventory events
processes Plans &
policies
Browse:
Reference Internet Subject –based
encyclopedia
Search Search search engine
Periodical database

Any other reference work

. Search Engine :
Search Engine, as name suggests, is basically defined as
application designed to carry out web searches and enables
users to location information on WWW. Search engines are
machine-driven and is used to find resources such as web
pages, usenet forums, videos, etc., assigned to individual
words.
Examples : Yahoo search, ASN, Live search, Google search, etc.
2. Subject Directory :
Subject Directory, as name suggests, is basically defined as
collection of websites that include organized browsable subject
categories and sub categories. Directories are human-driven
and therefore have capability to deliver higher quality content.
They are considered best for browsing and for search of more
general nature and may include search engine for searching
their own database.
Examples : Yahoo directory, Open directory, Google directory,
etc.
 Determine your purpose

What is the difference between GENERAL and

SPECIFIC purposes?
DETERMINE YOUR GENERAL
PURPOSE (Beebe’s chapter 2 pages 29
to 31)

• The General Purpose is the global goal

of your speech.
- To inform
- To persuade
- To entertain
- To actuate
 1. DETERMINE YOUR
SPECIFIC PURPOSE

Your specific purpose is a concise statement

indicating what you want your listeners to be able to
do, remember, or feel when you finish your speech.
It identifies the precise audience response you
desire.
 EXAMPLES

GENERAL PURPOSE SPECIFIC PURPOSE STATEMENT

q At the end of the speech the

q To inform audience will be able to list the
benefits of music therapy.

q At the end of the speech the

q To persuade
audience will be persuaded to
vote for me for congress.
DO NOT USE VERBS IN YOUR SPECIFIC PURPOSE SUCH AS:
Know, understand, learn

Verbs that can be used in the SPS:

Describe, list, recognise, identify,
compare, differentiate, define, etc.
What are some things that you should
consider in preparing THE SPECIFIC
PURPOSE STATEMENT?
Not too vague or too
specific

Express your purpose as a Focus on audience and

statement, not a question their behavior

Refer to observable and Limit specific

measurable behavior purpose to a single
idea
 Identify the problem with each specific
purpose statement

1. At the end of the speech the audience will be able to sign up

for facebook.
2. Donate blood.
3. What is a retirement fund?
4. To inform the audience about Manchay.
5. At the end of the speech the audience will be persuaded to
do something about the problem of COVID 19.
6. At the end of the speech the audience will be persuaded to
become tutors and to donate time to the Special Olympics.
 Task sample: Formulate the
general and specific purpose
Example
• Topic: Public Transportation
• General Purpose: To inform
• Specific purpose statement: At the end of the
speech, the audience will be able to list four
reasons why public transportation has
deteriorated in Lima.
TOPIC: The weather in Lima.

GENERAL PURPOSE: To inform

SPECIFIC PURPOSE STATEMENT: At the end of the speech the audience Will be able to describe the
The major characteristics of the Weather in Lima.
1. How do you start you SPECIFIC PURPOSE?

2. What verbs should you use? Why?

3. What verbs shouldn´t be used? Why not?

4.What should you include in the final section of you SPECIFIC

PURPOSE statement?
 DONT’S!!!
• Formulate your purpose as a QUESTION.
• Don’t use FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE (giving a word or phrase a specific
meaning that may be different than the literal definition)
• Formulate your purpose as a FRAGMENT
• Express more than ONE DISTINCT IDEA.
In short…… At the end of the speech the audience
will be able to…

TIPS:
Use a verb that names an observable, measurable
action
The goal of the speech focuses on the audience
and their behavior
Use words that refer to observable measurable
behavior

Limit the specific purpose to a single idea

Be sure your specific purpose reflects the

interests, expectations and knowledge level of your
audience
 Questions to ask about your
specific purpose

Checklist YES NO

Can I accomplish my purpose in the time

allocated?

Is the purpose relevant to my audience?

Is the purpose too trivial for my audience?

Is the purpose too technical for my audience?

Does my purpose meet the assignment?

GROUP WORK: Discuss the
following statement and add
your own ideas.

• “We think that the characteristics of the central

idea in a speech might be …….”
• 1. The points that the spkr will talk about in the
speech.
• 2. It should be clear and very specific.
• 3. Consistent, short and clear.
• 4.
• 5.
Central Idea
The CENTRAL IDEA summarizes the speech, encapsulating the
main ideas. It is a one-sentence summary of the speech content.

Example
• Topic: Public Transportation
• General Purpose: To inform
The Heimlich
• Specific Maneuver
purpose statement: requires
At the end of thethree
speech,steps:
the audience will be
able to list 4 reasons
recognition, why public
position andtransportation
action has deteriorated in Lima.

• Central idea: Public transportation has become a chaos in Lima due to the lack of city
planning, poor public service infrastructure, the imposing laws of the market and the
non-existence of regulatory transport laws.
 What are some guidelines for The Central Idea?

The Central idea should… Examples of ineffective

Central Ideas

The deterioration of public transport

…be expressed in a full sentence
in Lima.

What is the problem with the

…not be in the form of a question
transport in Lima?

…avoid figurative language The transport in Lima is terrible.

The transport in Lima has

… not be vague or overly general deteriorated because of some
problems.
 TASKS : read these central ideas and
improve them

Why are they ineffective? How can you improve the CI?
1. Paying college athletes a monthly salary is a
good idea.
2. Problems of stomach surgery to lose weight.

3. What are nanorobots?

4. Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula is an awesome

place for a vacation.
 Choose two (2) of the topics below and formulate the
GENERAL purpose, THE SPECIFIC purpose statement and the
CENTRAL IDEA for each of them. Use the template to do
this. Present it to the class.

Public Organic
Education food

Peruvian
Cuisine Political
parties Tourism
 MTCG TASK. In short, in order to
start your speech, you need to …..

TOPIC
1. Choose a ………………..

GENERAL Purpose.
2. Define ………………….

SPECIFIC Purposes.
3. Define ………………….

CENTRAL
4. Produce a …………………. Idea.
Public Speaking
Week 2 – Lesson 2

“Integrity is telling myself the truth and honesty is telling the truth to other peole” –
Spencer Johnson
 Learning outcomes

By the end of this session, you will be able to :

• Develop a preparation outline for a set of Topics.

• Generate and Preview the Main ideas for a speech.
• Deliver your Assignment 1 speech about an ideal leader.
 • Professional learning outcome :

Being able to produce an effective speech implies supporting and developing ideas in a clear
and credible way. Doing this requires a process where you figure out what aspects you Will
have to present in order to get your audience to achieve the purpose you designed in your
preparation outline. Success is at hand when you do this appropriately.
• Virtual Campus Further Practice
Material
Virtual Campus Further Practice Material: Power
Point Presentation summary + additional supporting
material.

• References:

References:
S. Lucas, (2008)The art of public speaking 10th ed.
McMillan, New York.
How can you generate the Main
ideas of your speech?
 What can I say
Why?? about this?
How can I develop
my point?

Reasons?
Does my central
idea have logical
divisions? (3
elements,
Examples?
characteristics, etc)

Explanations?

THE ANSWERS TO THESE QUESTIONS

WILL HELP YOU GENERATE THE MAIN IDEAS
 Choose two (2) of the topics below and formulate the
GENERAL purpose, THE SPECIFIC purpose statement and the
CENTRAL IDEA for each of them. Use the template to do
this. Present it to the class.

Public Organic
Education food

Peruvian
Cuisine Political
parties Tourism
Task : In groups complete the
preparation outline for two of the
topics suggested.

• TOPIC:
• General Purpose:
• Specific purpose statement:
• Central idea:
• Main Points:
YOUR IDEAS
 To be a good Public Speaker you have
to be a GOOD LISTENER.
Group Discussion
1. What is the difference between listening and hearing?
2. What are strong listening skills?
3. What may be some causes of poor listening?
4. How can you become a better listener?
 EXPLORING PRIOR KNOWLEDGE
TYPES OF LISTENING Lucas, pages 49&50.
Lucas, pages 50 to 60

Appreciative Listening

Empathetic Listening

Comprehensive Listening

Critical Listening

Let´s us see some examples.

 TYPES OF LISTENING
Listening purpose Example situation

A comedy routine, an
Listening for pleasure or
Appreciative listening entertaining speech,
enjoyment
music
Listening to provide A psychiatrist listening to a
Empathetic listening emotional support for the patient, or when we lend a
sympathetic ear to a friend
speaker.
in distress.
Listening to understand A classroom lecture or
Comprehensive listening the message of the listening to directions
speaker for finding a place.
When we listen to the
Critical listening Listening to evaluate a sales pitch of a used
message for purposes of car dealer or the
accepting or rejecting it. campaign speech of a
political candidate.
EXPLORING PRIOR KNOWLEDGE

CAUSES OF POOR LISTENING

Not concentrating

Listening too hard

Jumping to conclusions

Judging the speaker by the way they look

rather than what they say
Guidelines for Ethical Listening

Tip Tip Tip

1 2 3
Be courteous
Avoid Maintain
and prejudging the the free
attentive speaker
and open
expression
of ideas
How to Become a Better Listener
Take listening Commit yourself to be a better listener
seriously
Become an active Make a genuine effort to understand the
listener speaker’s ideas

Resist distractions Make an effort to to keep your mind on

what the speaker is saying

Don’t be diverted by
To become a appearance or delivery
better listener Set aside preconceived judgements based
on a person’s looks or manner of speech.
Suspend judgement

Pay attention to main points, evidence

Focus your listening and speaker’s technique

Develop your note-taking Improve your concentration & help

skills you to keep track of a speaker’s ideas
Practicing:
Note-taking methods

1. Watch the video clip on FIVE (5) note taking methods.

2. With your groups partners, focus on ONE of them and
explain it to your class partners.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AffuwyJZTQQ
Share some facts on today´s session:
1.TYPES OF LISTENING
2.CAUSES OF POOR LISTENING
3.WAYS TO BECOME A BETTER LISTENER
4.NOTE TAKING
 MTCG TASK. In short, in order to
start your speech, you need to …..

TOPIC
1. Choose a ………………..

GENERAL Purpose.
2. Define ………………….

SPECIFIC Purposes.
3. Define ………………….

CENTRAL
4. Produce a …………………. Idea.