SNC2D – Biology Review

Terms you need to understand:

Prokaryote Eukaryote Cytoplasm Cell membrane Nucleus Mitochondria
Endoplasmic Golgi bodies Vacuoles Cell wall Chloroplasts Asexual
reticulum reproduction
Sexual reproduction Interphase Mitosis Cytokinesis Daughter cell Prophase
Chromosome Chromatid Centromere Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
Tumour Benign tumour Malignant tumour Metastasis Mutation Carcinogen
Chemotherapy Radiation Stem cell Pluripotent Esophagus
Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Accessory organ Red blood cell White blood cell
Platelet Plasma Capillaries Arteries Veins pharynx
Trachea Bronchi Alveoli Field of view Osmosis Diffusion (simple
and facilitated)

Topics:
1. Microscope
- parts of a microscope
- how to calculate field of view, magnification, estimate of size, draw appropriate diagrams

2. Plant vs. Animal Cells

- the cell theory
- prokaryote vs. eukaryote
- differences between the cells
- function of all organelles
- diagram of both plant and animal cells
- cell membrane -- diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis

3. What Limits Cell Size (potato lab)

4. The Cell Cycle

- diagrams and descriptions of interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis.
- be able to identify cells in a specific phase of the cell cycle
- checkpoints in the cell cycle (what does a cell do if it isn’t functioning properly?)

5. Cancer (pgs. 48 – 55)

- definitions (cancer, benign vs. malignant tumour, carcinogen)
- causes of cancer
- how to screen for cancer
- diagnosing cancer
- treatments for cancer

6. Stem Cells
- embryonic vs. adult stem cells
- pluripotent

7. The Animal Body – levels of organization and tissue types

- relationship between cells ,tissues, organs, organ system
- 4 types of tissues and examples
- be able to match the 11 systems and functions

8. Digestive System
- diagram
- functions of mouth, esophagus, stomach, small/large intestine, accessory organs
- know one disorder of the digestive system (from homework questions)

9. Circulatory System
- diagram of heart & blood flow
- know function of red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma and platelets
- know the differences between arteries, veins, capillaries
- know one disorder of the circulatory system

10. Respiratory System

- diagram
- know function of nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchus, lung, alveoli and cilia
- gas exchange in the alveoli
- know one disorder of the respiratory system