Professional Documents
Culture Documents
AP Statistics: Re-Expressing Data: Get It Straight
AP Statistics: Re-Expressing Data: Get It Straight
Chapter 9
Re-Expressing data:
Get it Straight
Objectives:
• Re-expression of data
• Ladder of powers
Straight to the Point
• Properties of Logarithms
Using Logarithms to Transform Data
• Year • Mbbl
1880 30
1890 77
1900 149
1910 328
1920 689
1930 1,412
1940 2,150
1950 3,803
1960 7,674
1970 16,690
What to do:
1. Graph scatterplot.
2. Transform data to linear (take the log of y).
3. Calculate LSRL of transformed data & graph.
4. Analyze transformed data (r, r2, residual plot).
5. Perform inverse transformation (exponentiate
LSRL to base 10).
6. Graph exponential model.
Back to the Data
Annual crude oil production from 1880 to 1970
• Year • Mbbl
1880 30
1890 77
1900 149
1910 328
1920 689
1930 1,412
1940 2,150
1950 3,803
1960 7,674
1970 16,690
Models of Data
• Data is exponential (scatterplot curved pattern
and constant common ratio ≈ 2.1)
• Linear model
log ŷ=-53.7+.0294x
• Exponential model
ŷ=(10-53.7) • 10.0294x
Use model on the calculate to make predictions,
not the exponential model equation.
Predict oil production for 1956.
• 6564 Mbbl
Predict oil production for 1992.
• 75027 Mbbl – extrapolation, be careful.
Your Turn: Exponential
Regression
Models of Data
• Linear Model
Log ŷ = -24.11 + .0157x
• Exponential Model
ŷ = (10-24.11) • (10.0157x)
Your Turn: Age vs Height
Models for Data
1. Graph scatterplot.
2. Determine it is a power function (ie. not
exponential).
3. Transform data to linear (take the log of y & x).
4. Calculate LSRL of transformed data & graph.
5. Analyze transformed data (r, r2, residual plot).
6. Perform inverse transformation (exponentiate
LSRL to base 10).
7. Graph power model.
8. Make predictions based on the power model.
Example 1
• The table shows the temperature of an instrument
measured as its distance from a heat source is varied.
Find a suitable model for Dist. vs Temp.