Gas Laws

ROBERT BOYLE
'Father of Modern Chemistry'

discovered the relationship between

pressure and volume in a gas by
using a vacuum chamber to change
the pressure in a gas.
pressure and volume are
inversely proportional to each
other.
 ROBERT BOYLE
'Father of Modern Chemistry'

Application: fill your bike tires with air. When you

pump air into a tire, the gas molecules inside the
tire get compressed and packed closer
together. This increases the pressure of the gas,
and it starts to push against the walls of the tire.
In RESPIRATORY SYSTEM, INHILATION, the lungs
expand, the pressure of the lungs decreases, air
toward the lower pressure of the lungs.
ROBERT BOYLE
'Father of Modern Chemistry'
ROBERT BOYLE
'Father of Modern Chemistry'
ROBERT BOYLE
'Father of Modern Chemistry'
ROBERT BOYLE
'Father of Modern Chemistry'
 Charles law
1780 by French physicist Jacques Charles.

Charles law states that the volume of an ideal gas is

directly proportional to the absolute temperature
at constant pressure. The law also states that the
Kelvin temperature and the volume will be in direct
proportion when the pressure exerted on a sample of
a dry gas is held constant.
Charles law
1780 by French physicist Jacques Charles.

APPLICATION: When a gas is heated, it expands. As the

expansion of the gas takes place, it becomes less dense and
the balloon is lifted in the air. The warm is less dense than
the cold air, which means that it is lighter than the cold air.
Also, the warm air has less mass per unit volume.
Charles law
1780 by French physicist Jacques Charles.
 Charles law
1780 by French physicist Jacques Charles.
A car tire is filled with about 70 liters of air on a summer day when the
temperature is a very warm 50° C. What will the volume be on a very cold winter
day when the temp is -15° C?
GIVEN
V1 = 70 liters
T1 = 50° C + 273 ° K = 323 ° K
(temperatures used in Charles
Law must be in Absolute Scale)
V2 = ?
T2 = -15° C + 273 ° K = 258 ° K
GAY-LUSSAC'S LAW
Joseph Gay-Lussac in the year 1808
GAY-LUSSAC'S LAW
Joseph Gay-Lussac in the year 1808

APPLICATION: If we heat an aerosol can, the increased

temperature causes the gases to change. According to Gay
Lussac Law, the pressure built up in the can may result in
an explosion.
GAY-LUSSAC'S LAW
Joseph Gay-Lussac in the year 1808

The pressure of a gas in a cylinder when it is heated to a temperature of 250K is 1.5 atm. What
was the initial temperature of the gas if its initial pressure was 1 atm?

Given,
Initial pressure, P1 = 1 atm
Final pressure, P2 = 1.5 atM
Final temperature, T2 = 250 K

As per Gay-Lussac’s Law, P1T2 = P2T1

Therefore, T1 = (P1T2)/P2 = (1*250)/(1.5) = 166.66 Kelvin.