Electrical systems and Materials

Management of Building
Services

RICS School of Built Environment, Amity University

Session1 – Power Generation and Transmission
 Introduction

Power required is provided either by the

o local power company

o In-house generators or Both

 The network of generating stations (power

stations), transmission lines and distribution lines
is called a ‘Grid’.

Power Company Network

 POWER GENERATION

A power station, also referred to as

a generating station, power plant,
powerhouse, or generating plant, is an
industrial facility for the generation of
electric power.

Image the guardian.com

 POWER GENERATION

Most power stations contain one or more

generators, a rotating machine that converts
mechanical power into electrical power.

Power stations are connected to each other via

transmission lines to form a network.

Image : ft.com
Types of power plants for energy generation

• Nuclear power plants.

• Hydroelectric power plants.
• Coal-fired power plants.
• Diesel-fired power plants.
• Geothermal power plants.
• Gas-fired power plants.
• Solar power plants.
• Wind power plants.
 Snapshot India

Total Installed Capacity (As on 30.11.2022) - Source : Central Electricity

Authority (CEA)
INSTALLED GENERATION CAPACITY (SECTOR WISE) AS ON 31.01.2022

Sector MW % of Total
Central Sector 99,005 24.20%
State Sector 1,04,918 25.64%
Private Sector 2,05,238 50.16%
Total 4,09,161 100.00%
 Fossil Fuel

CATAGORY INSTALLED % of SHARE IN Total

GENERATION
CAPACITY(MW)

Fossil Fuel
Coal 2,03,985 51.6%

Lignite 6620 1.7%

Gas 24,825 6.3%

Diesel 589 0.1%

Total Fossil Fuel 2,36,019 59.7%

 Non- Fossil Fuels

Non-Fossil Fuel
Hydro 46,512 11.8 %
Wind, Solar & Other RE 1,05,854 26.8 %
Wind 40,101 10.2 %
Solar 50,304 12.7 %
BM Power/Cogen 10,176 2.6 %
Waste to Energy 434 0.1 %
Small Hydro Power 4,840 1.2 %
Nuclear 6,780 1.7%
Total Non-Fossil Fuel 1,59,146 40.3%
 Mega Power Plants of India

Vindhyachal Thermal Power Station, Madhya Pradesh

The Vindhyachal Thermal Power Station in the Singrauli district of

Madhya Pradesh, with an installed capacity of 4,760MW, is currently
the biggest thermal power plant in India. It is a coal-based power plant
owned and operated by NTPC.

Mundra Thermal Power Station, Gujarat

The 4,620MW Mundra Thermal Power Station located in the Kutch
district of Gujarat is currently the second biggest operating thermal
power plant in India. It is a coal-fired power plant owned and operated
by Adani Power.
 Mega Power Plants of India

Mundra Ultra Mega Power Plant, Gujarat

The 4,000MW Mundra Ultra Mega Power Plant (UMPP), also located in
the Kutch district of Gujarat, ranks as the third-largest thermal power
plant in India. It is a coal-fired power plant owned and operated by
Coastal Gujarat Power Limited (CGPL), a subsidiary of Tata Power.

Sasan Ultra Mega Power Plant, Madhya Pradesh

The Sasan Ultra Mega power plant, located in the Sasan village of the
Singrauli district, Madhya Pradesh, has an installed capacity of
3,960MW. Owned and operated by Reliance Power, it is one of India’s
biggest power plants integrated with a coal mine.
Power Company Network
 POWER TRANSMISSION

When transmitting power,

the choice of
transmission voltage
depends upon-

• Standard voltages of
the power company
• Magnitude of power to
be transmitted
• Distance over which
the power is to be
transmitted

Image : Hydro Quebec

 POWER TRANSMISSION
Points to note-
 A rule of thumb for transmission voltage selection is 0.6 kV per
kilometre.

 The higher the magnitude of power or the higher the distance

for which power is to be transferred, the higher the
transmission voltage.

 Typical transmission voltage for AC supply are 66 kV, 110 kV,

132 kV, 220 kV, 330 kV to 500 kV.

 The transmission lines can be overhead conductors,

underground cables or undersea cables.

 Having fewer standard voltages is economical for the power

company because equipment can be standardized, bought in
bulk and interchanged.
Power Transmission

 Generally, the following are used:

Voltage Power (MVA)

11 kV Up to 10
22 kV 5 to 15
33 kV 10 to 25
66 kV 25 to 75
132 kV 75 to 200
 ELECTRICAL SUB-STATION

A substation is a part of an electrical generation,

transmission, and distribution system.

Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the

reverse, or perform any of several other important
functions.
• Between the generating station and consumer, electric
power may flow through several substations at different
voltage levels.

• A substation may include transformers to change

voltage levels between high transmission voltages and
lower distribution voltages, or at the interconnection of
two different transmission voltages.

Image : Osha
ELECTRICAL SUB-STATION
 Flow Chart
Primary Secondary
Power Power
Distribution Distribution
Generation Transmission
System System

Primary Secondary
Power Power
Distribution Distribution
Generation Transmission
System System
Voltage Voltage
Voltage Voltage

66 kV
415 V 110 kV 11 kV
6.6 kV 132 kV 22 kV 415 V
11 kV 220 kV 33 kV
22 kV 300 kV
500 kV

Supplies power Supplies power

to primary to secondary
distribution distribution
network network

Also called as
‘receiving sub-
station’ or ‘zone
sub-station’
 • Standard voltages of the power company

• Magnitude of power to be transmitted

• Distance over which the power is to be

transmitted

Typical Generation & Transmission System

POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
 Transmission Station Distribution Station

A transmission A distribution
substation connects two substation transfers power
or more transmission from the transmission
lines. system to the distribution
system of an area.
The simplest case is
where all transmission It is uneconomical to directly
lines have the same connect electricity consumers
voltage.
to the main transmission
network, unless they use
large amounts of power, so
the distribution station
reduces voltage to a level
suitable for local distribution.

TRANSMISSION STATION vs
DISTRIBUTION STATION