Fourth Periodic Examination:

Test I. Explain color and intensity of light in terms of its wave characteristics.
The color or hue of light depends on its wavelength, the distance between the
peaks of its waves. The brightness of light is related to intensity or the amount of
light an object emits or reflects. Brightness depends on light wave amplitude, the
height of light waves.
Example:
ROYGBIV
Red – (Lowest)
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Indigo
Violet – (Highest)

Test II. describe the different types of charging processes.

There are four methods by which charges can redistribute themselves to build up
static electricity: by friction, by conduction, by induction, and by polarization.
Charging by Induction: Electrons can react to the electric field of a charged object
without touching the object itself.
Friction - the transfer of electrons from one uncharged object to. another by
rubbing the two objects together. Some electrons can move to the. other object
when rubbing (hair and balloon)
Conduction - refers to the technique of charging an uncharged material by
bringing it into touch with some other charged material. A negatively as well as
positively charged item seems to have an uneven amount of charges.
Induction - is a method used to charge an object without actually touching the
object to any other charged object.
Polarization - calculated from equilibrium simulations via linear response theory
and from non-equilibrium simulations, and the results are within statistical error.
The polarization charge is found to be distributed within a region whose width is
on the order of a nanometer.

TEST III. Describe the motion of an object in terms of distance or

displacement, speed or velocity, and acceleration.
An important part of describing the motion of an object is to describe how far it
has moved, which is distance. refers to “how far” an object is from its starting
point. Displacement is how far you are from the starting point, as if you moved in a
straight line.
In more precise explanation, The distance is the actual measurement, acceleration ;
rate of change of position and speed is the distance traveled by a body in a given
time.

TEST IV. Interpret visual representation of the motion of objects such as tape
charts and motion graphs.

Explanation: The graphs show a flat line, it means the car 2 stops at a distance of 2
to 4.
Explanation: The graphs show a sloping down, it means the car 3 is Returning to
starting position/constant speed back towards start.

TEST V. Demonstrate how places on Earth may be located using a coordinate

system.
The coordinates of a location are like an address for that place. If you know the
coordinates (like 34° North Latitude and 58° West Longitude), you can easily find
any place on the earth's surface. Lines of latitude extend east and west across the
Earth. These lines are imaginary.
Most maps use a grid of lines to help you to find your location. This grid system is
called a geographic coordinate system. Using this system you can define your
location by two numbers, latitude and longitude. Both numbers are angles between
your location, the center of Earth, and a reference line.

Test VI. Explain ways of using Earth’s resources sustainably.

There are different ways to use earth resources sustainably such as
use renewable resources, like wind and solar energy, instead of non-
renewable resources, like fossil fuels. use those resources which cause less harm to
the environment. cut back on the amount of natural resources, and in particular
non-renewable resources we use, by reducing, reusing and recycling.
Reduce, reuse, and recycle. Cut down on what you throw away. Follow the three
"R's" to conserve natural resources and landfill space.
Volunteer. Volunteer for cleanups in your community. You can get involved in
protecting your watershed, too.
Educate. When you further your own education, you can help others understand
the importance and value of our natural resources.
Conserve water. The less water you use, the less runoff and wastewater that
eventually end up in the ocean.
Shop wisely. Buy less plastic and bring a reusable shopping bag.
Use long-lasting light bulbs. Energy efficient light bulbs reduce greenhouse gas
emissions. Also flip the light switch off when you leave the room!
Plant a tree. Trees provide food and oxygen. They help save energy, clean the air,
and help combat climate change.
Don't send chemicals into our waterways. Choose non-toxic chemicals in the
home and office.

TEST VII. Discuss how energy from the Sun interacts with the layers of the
atmosphere.
The Earth absorbs most of the energy reaching its surface, a small fraction is
reflected. In total approximately 70% of incoming radiation is absorbed by the
atmosphere and the Earth's surface while around 30% is reflected back to space
and does not heat the surface.
Incoming, short-wave radiation from the sun, is either reflected by clouds,
absorbed by them, or reaches the earth’s surface where they’re either absorbed or
reflected back into space.
A small portion of the light in the blue range is scattered in all directions by air
molecules, which is why the sky appears to be blue.
Before it even reaches the troposphere, ultraviolet light from the sun is partially
absorbed by the ozone layer located in the lower stratosphere.

TEST IX. Account for the occurrence of land and sea breezes, monsoons, and
intertropical convergence zones (ITCZ).
Land and sea breezes occur on a daily basis while monsoon winds are seasonal or
we can say annual winds. The monsoon winds blow during particular period of a
season and then reverses its direction after that season is over. While sea breeze
blows during the day, land breeze blows during night.
Intertropical convergence zones exists because of the convergence of the trade
winds. In the northern hemisphere the northeast trade winds converge with
southeast winds from the Southern Hemisphere. The point at which the trade winds
converge forces the air up into the atmosphere, forming the ITCZ.