Syeda Aqsa Bint - e – Khurshid

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INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN PAKISTAN
Information technology in Pakistan is a growing industry that has the potential to
expand more in the future. Matters relating to the IT industry are overseen by
the Ministry of Information Technology of the Government of Pakistan.[1][2][3] The IT
industry is regarded as a successful sector of Pakistan economically, even during
financial crisis.[4] The first IT policy and implementation strategy was approved under the
leadership of Atta-ur-Rahman, the Federal Minister of Science and Technology in
August 2000 which laid the foundations of the development of this sector.[5]
 The emphasis was placed on quality IT education in universities rather than numbers
during this period. The quality measures introduced by Atta-ur-Rahman as Chairman of
Higher Education Commission during 2002-2008 included:1) All PhD thesis were
evaluated by eminent foreign scientists,2) All PhD thesis and research papers were
checked for plagiarism 3) Some 11,000 students were sent abroad to leading
universities for PhD level training and absorbed on their return, 4) Appointments at
faculty positions were linked to international stature of the applicants as judged from
their international publications, patents and citations, and (5) Quality Enhancement
Cells were established in all universities for the first time in the history of the country.[6]
[7]
 Thereafter two policies were launched by the Ministry of IT under the leadership of
Anusha Rahman Khan, Federal Minister for IT and Telecom (2013-2018). The Telecom
Policy was announced in December 2015,[8] and later National Digital Pakistan Policy
that was approved by the cabinet in May 2018.[9] In 2001, a 15 year tax holiday was
approved to promote the IT industry which has the grown from $30 million to over $3
billion during the last 16 years.[10] A nationwide programme to train teachers was
initiated by Intel in March 2002 in Pakistan on the request of Atta-ur-Rahman which has
resulted in the training of 220,000 teachers across 70 districts at no cost to the
government.[11][12] The government of Pakistan has given incentives to IT investors in the
country during the last decade, this resulted in the development of the IT sector. From
2003 to 2005, the country's IT exports saw a rise of about fifty percent and amounted a
total of about 48.5 million USD. The World Economic Forum, assessing the
development of Information and Communication Technology in the country ranked
Pakistan 111th among 144 countries in the Global Information Technology report of
2014.[13] In an analysis of scientific research productivity of Pakistan, in comparison to
Brazil, Russia, India and China, Thomson Reuters has applauded the developments
that have taken place as a result of the reforms introduced by Atta-ur-Rahman, since
Pakistan has emerged as the country with the highest increase in the percentage of
highly cited papers in comparison to the "BRIC" countries.[14] Atta-ur-Rahman is Co-
Chairman of the Prime Ministers Task Force on Information Technology and
Telecommunications.[15] As a result of the measures introduced on the recommendation
of the Task Force, there has been a sharp increase in software exports of Pakistan.[16]

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Syeda Aqsa Bint - e – Khurshid
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What is Computer Programming and How to Become a Computer Programmer?

Computer programming is the process of writing code to facilitate specific actions in a computer,
application or software program, and instructs them on how to perform. Computer programmers
are professionals that create instructions for a computer to execute by writing and testing code
that enables applications and software programs to operate successfully.

Joe Cote
Computers can do amazing things, from basic laptops capable of simple word
processing and spreadsheet functions to incredibly complex supercomputers
completing millions of financial transactions a day and controlling the infrastructure
that makes modern life possible. But no computer can do anything until a computer
programmer tells it to behave in specific ways. That’s what computer programming is
all about.

 At its most basic, computer programming is little more than a set of instructions
to facilitate specific actions. Based on the requirements or purposes of these
instructions, computer programming can be as simple as adding two numbers. It
can also be as complex as reading data from temperature sensors to adjust a
thermostat, sorting data to complete intricate scheduling or critical reports or
taking players through multi-layered worlds and challenges in games.

 Dr. Cheryl Frederick, executive director of STEM programs at Southern New

Hampshire University (SNHU), said computer programming is a collaborative
process, with a variety of programmers contributing during the
development of a piece of software. Some of that development can last
decades. For software like Microsoft Word released in 1983, for instance,
programmers have been tweaking and improving it for years.

"The hope is that the computer program will become such a widely adopted system that it needs long-term

support, particularly to extend its current functionality," Frederick said. "The terms computer software and

computer programming are used interchangeably except software can get rather large."

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CMS ID:530-2023 IIT/C LAB 1

BASIC MATHS EQUATION

2 2
(a + 2ab +b )

INSERT TABLES

C ++
C++ is an object-oriented programming language
having some additional features like Encapsulation,
Data Hiding, Data Abstraction, Inheritance,
Polymorphism, etc.
C
C is a structural or procedural programming
language that was used for system applications
and low-level programming applications.

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