MCL345 Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines

Homework Assignment 2 (11.08.22)

Submission deadline: Satuday 20th August 2022, Submit at Moodle by 10 pm

Total Marks: 10

1. You are designing a four-stoke cycle diesel engine to provide brake-power of 300 kW
naturally aspirated at its maximum rated speed. Based on typical values for brake mean
effective pressure 8 atm., maximum piston speed of 12 m/s and bsfc = 240 g/kW-h for such
engines, estimate the required engine displacement, and the bore and stroke for square cylinder
geometry and number of cylinders. (Hint. Start with number of cylinders k = 1 and then iterate
solution assuming different number of cylinders k = 1, 2, 3, 4 etc. Based on results, choose a
reasonable k, providing your reasons) What is the maximum rated speed (r.p.m.) for the
selected engine?

2. Assuming that the mean effective pressure, mean piston speed, power per unit piston area, and
mass per unit displacement volume are all size independent, how will the power per unit
weight of an engine depend upon the number of cylinders if the total displacement is constant?
To make the analysis easier, assume that the bore and stroke are equal.

3. Tata Kite K5, proposed model small car, has the following specifications: Three cylinder 4-
stroke gasoline engine with bore 77mm, stroke 85.8 mm, compression ratio 10.8 and produces
a maximum power of 62.5 kW at 6000 rpm, and a maximum torque of 114 N-m at 3500 rpm.
When its indicator diagram is plotted, the x-axis has a scale of 1 cm: 40 cc and the y-axis has
1cm: 1 MPa, and the total area of the indicator diagram is 42 cm2 at the condition of maximum
power stated above. At the condition of maximum torque, the fuel consumption is measured
to be 15 litres per hour of gasoline, whose density is 0.75 kg/litre and lower heating value is
44.5 MJ/kg. Compute:
(a) the clearance volume in each cylinder, and the total displacement volume of the engine.
(b) Indicated power, torque and mechanical efficiency at maximum brake power condition.
(c) Thermal efficiency and bsfc at maximum torque condition

4. A one-liter capacity, four-stroke, four-cylinder SI engine has a brake thermal efficiency of

30% and indicated power is 40 kW at full-load. At half load, it has a mechanical efficiency of
65%. Assuming constant mechanical losses, calculate: (a) brake power (b) frictional power
(c) mechanical efficiency at full load (iv) indicated thermal efficiency. If r = 8, find clearance
volume.

5. Find out the speed at which a four stroke, four-cylinder, direct injection engine using natural
gas as fuel can develop a brake power of 50 kW working under following conditions. Air-gas
ratio 9:1, calorific value of the fuel = 34 MJ/m3, compression ratio 10:1, volumetric efficiency
= 70%, indicated thermal efficiency = 35%, mechanical efficiency = 80% and the total volume
of the engine is 2 liters.
6. A four-stroke 2.5 L direct injection automobile engine is tested on a dynamometer at a speed
of 2500 rpm. It produces a torque of 150 Nm, and its volumetric efficiency is measured to be
0.85. What is the brake power Pb, and the mass airflow rate ̇𝑚a through the engine? The inlet
air pressure and temperature are 75 kPa and 40oC.

7. A 3.8 L four-stroke four-cylinder fuel-injected automobile engine has a power output of 88

kW at 4000 rpm and volumetric efficiency of 0.85. The bsfc is 0.35 kg/kW h. If the fuel has a
heat of combustion of 42 MJ/kg, what are the bmep, thermal efficiency, and air to fuel ratio?
Assume atmospheric conditions of 298 K and 1 bar.

8. An eight cylinder 4-stroke diesel engine of 229 mm bore, 304 stroke and compression ratio
14/1, has an output of 375 kW at 750 revolutions per minute. The volumetric efficiency is
78%, the mechanical efficiency is 90%, the air fuel ratio is 25/1. If the IMEP of the pumping
loop is 0.345 bar, calculate the IMEP for the working loop. The engine is now fitted with an
exhaust-driven turbo-blower which delivers air to the cylinders at 1.43 bar. The compression
ratio is reduced to 13/1 and the measured volumetric efficiency is 102%. it can be assumed
that the exhaust pressure remains constant and equal to 1.013 bar, and the IMEP of the main
loop is directly proportional to the mass of air induced. Calculate the brake power which can
be expected if the speed and mechanical efficiency remain the same. Compare the specific
fuel consumption for the two cases, if the air-fuel ratio for the supercharged engine is 26.8/1.
The free air conditions are 1.013 bar and 15oC.