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Week 5 Topic 5 Bird Eye View of Research Design Classification (part 2) -
Week 5 Quizzes

Started on Monday, 20 June 2022, 3:09 PM

State Finished

Completed on Monday, 20 June 2022, 3:59 PM

Time taken 49 mins 39 secs

Question 1

Complete Marked out of 1.00

The essential strategies which might influence the validity of this studied is :

a. Loss to follow up

b. Response rate

c. Selection bias

d. Intervention bias

e. Odd ratio

Good work

Question 2

Complete Marked out of 1.00

Which type of study follows up a similar group of individuals who are initially free of the outcome of interest but
for whom the outcomes have been defined before the events occur?

a. Crossover study

b. Retrospective cohort study

c. Case series

d. Prospective cohort study

e. Case control study

That's not correct

Question 3

Complete Marked out of 1.00

Which of the following is are legitimate sources of cases for a case-control study? (Select all that apply).

a. Neighbourhood of patients

b. Members of the general population responding to an advertisement seeking subject with a particular condition.

c. Patients at an outpatient clinic

 d. Hospitals
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e. Disease registries, e.g. cancer registries

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Question 4

Complete Marked out of 1.00

One possible drawback of using hospital controls is that they may have diseases that have the same or similar
risk factors as the disease that the cases have.

a. False

b. True

Good work

Question 5

Complete Marked out of 1.00

Which of the following statements about exposures is true?

a. High body mass index is a risk factor for a range of health conditions, therefore, it can be treated as a single exposure

b. Exposure refers to contact with some factor that may be only harmful to health.

c. Dietary intake is not an 'exposure' because individuals make a choice about what they eat.

d. An exposed individual has a greater risk of healthy people.

e. An exposed individual correlate with survival time with the disease increases

That's not correct

Question 6

Complete Marked out of 1.00

It is possible to reduce (though not eliminate) information bias in assessment of dietary intake by

a. Making sure that the study sample is representative of the population

b. Collecting data about dietary intake at the onset of a study, before people have experienced symptoms of disease

c. Collecting data on all possible confounders

d. Calculate the risk ratio is close to the value one, so there is no difference in disease risk between the two groups

e. Gathering information about many different aspects of people's dietary habits

Good work

Question 7

Complete Marked out of 1.00

 When we judge the evidence to establish possible causes of a health outcome, they consider
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a. Evidence showing that reductions in the exposure level will reverse the risk of the outcome

b. The data on all possible confounders was controlled

c. Based on the information given we cannot tell if the observed difference in disease risk is the result of chance.

d. Evidence that the exposure of interest has appeared before the outcome

e. The estimated strength of the association between an exposure and the outcome

That's not correct

Question 8

Complete Marked out of 1.00

Condition below explained about there are something special of control in case-control design, which one?

a. Proportion of case and control 1 : 1

b. Control taking from community

c. Cleft palate is rare disease

d. Folate acid intake in pregnant woman is rare exposure

e. There are any multiple exposure

That's not correct

Question 9

Complete Marked out of 1.00

Research questions of concern are serum albumin has been proved by other researcher to increase the
appetite on malnutrition patients. 'Will it work as effectively in colorectal cancer patients?' The problem is the
high cost of IV albumin. What is the most appropriate study design for this study questions?

a. Cohort study

b. Case series

c. Cross sectional study

d. Experimental study

e. Case control study

That's not correct

Question 10

Complete Marked out of 1.00

Is it clear whether the study tried to detect a beneficial or harmful effect?

a. Beneficial effect because there are used some medication

b. Harmful effect because NSAID can cause peptic ulcers.

c. Harmful effect, because NSAID effects in gastric mucosa

d. Beneficial effect because effect of exposure small to make negative effect.

 e. Harmful effect because NSAID effect in mucosal injury
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That's not correct

Question 11

Complete Marked out of 1.00

Research questions of concern are 'what is the frequency of malnutrition among colorectal cancer patients in
your hospital?' What will be the population of the study?

a. All patients admitted to our facility

b. All colorectal cancer patients underwent surgery in our facility

c. All colorectal cancer patients with malnutrition admitted to our facility

d. All colorectal cancer patients with malnutrition underwent surgery in our facility

e. All colorectal cancer patients admitted to our facility

That's not correct

Question 12

Complete Marked out of 1.00

A cross-sectional study was conducted by the researchers to find out the relationship between the level of
knowledge of hepatitis A infection and hand washing and self-hygiene behavior among teenagers age of 12 –
18 years in Kecamatan Jatinangor. During that period of time, the number of teenagers age of 12 – 18 years in
Kecamatan Jatinangor were 4000. According to sample size determination in design phase, the researchers
had decided to survey at least 600 participants taken from junior high and high school students in Kecamatan
Jatinangor. The study was responded by 150 participants. What is the accessible population of study?

a. All junior high and high school students age of 12 – 18 years in Kecamatan Jatinangor

b. Two hundred junior high and high school students age of 12 – 18 years in Kecamatan Jatinangor

c. Six hundred junior high and high school students age of 12 – 18 years in Kecamatan Jatinangor

d. All teenagers age of 12 – 18 years in Kecamatan Jatinangor

e. One hundred and fifty junior high and high school students age of 12 – 18 years in Kecamatan Jatinangor

That's not correct

Question 13

Complete Marked out of 1.00

In a case-control study one can calculate either a risk ratio or an odds ratio.

a. True

b. False

Good work
 Question 14
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Complete Marked out of 1.00

What the potential condition to determine that exposure have accurately measures to minimize bias in cohort
study?

a. The measures been validated

b. All subjects classified into exposure groups using the different procedure

c. Subjective measurements were used detection

d. Undefined exposure can occur

e. Everybody included who should have been included

Good work

Question 15

Complete Marked out of 1.00

Research questions of concern are 'what is the frequency of malnutrition among colorectal cancer patients in
your hospital?' What is the most appropriate study design for this study questions?

a. Experimental study

b. Cohort study

c. Case control study

d. Cross sectional study

e. Case report

Good work

Question 16

Complete Marked out of 1.00

What is the main reason why it is important to use precise, specific criteria for what constitutes a "case," i.e. in
defining the outcome? (Select the best answer.)

a. To avoid misclassification with respect to the outcome.

b. To avoid interviewer bias.

c. To decrease recall bias

d. To limit the number of subjects in the study.

e. To avoid selection bias.

Good work

Question 17

Complete Marked out of 1.00

Research questions of concern are 'what is the prevalence of Hepatitis B infection in your area of work. Is gender
 play any role in the prevalence?' What will be the population
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of the study?
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a. All patients admitted to your facility

b. Resident with Hepatitis B infection in the area

c. All resident

d. Resident without history of Hepatitis B infection the area

e. Patients with Hepatitis B infection admitted to your facility

That's not correct

Question 18

Complete Marked out of 1.00

The experimental study the use of animals as models for the neurodegenerative Huntington's Disease. The
protocol should focus on limiting the negative impact of declining sensorimotor function as the disease
progresses. The ethical issue in this situation about

a. Reduction

b. Replacement and reduction

c. Reduction and refinement

d. Refinement

e. Replacement

That's not correct

Question 19

Complete Marked out of 1.00

What steps were taken to minimize information bias in case-control study?

a. The exposure clear, specific, and measurable

b. The outcome clear, specific, and measurable

c. Determination of outcome made by an observer open blinded as to treatment

d. The outcome identified in the different way for both groups

e. Only people at risk of the outcome included

Good work

Question 20

Complete Marked out of 1.00

Research questions of concern are 'what is the prevalence of Hepatitis B in your area of work. Is gender play any
role in the prevalence?' What is the most appropriate study design for this study questions?

a. Experimental study

b. Cross sectional study

c. Case control study

 d. Cohort study LiVE
 

e. Case report

Good work

Question 21

Complete Marked out of 1.00

In which type of study does the researcher develop research questions based upon available data?

a. Prospective study

b. Retrospective study

c. Systematic review

d. Compilation study

e. Descriptive study

Good work

Question 22

Complete Marked out of 1.00

How does the strategy for a case-control study differ from that of a cohort study? (Select the one best answer)

a. Case-control studies are retrospective, while cohort studies are always prospective.

b. Randomization can be used in a cohort study, but can't be used in a case-control study.

c. In case-control studies subjects are selected and grouped based on their disease status, but in cohort studies subjects are
selected and grouped based on exposure status.

d. The goal of cohort studies is to test an association, but case-control studies just document the frequency of risk factors.

e. The proportion of a population in case-control studies engage in risky behaviours, but can't be used in cohort studies

Good work

Question 23

Complete Marked out of 1.00

A cross-sectional study was conducted by the researchers to find out the relationship between the level of
knowledge of hepatitis A infection and hand washing and self-hygiene behavior among teenagers age of 12 –
18 years in Kecamatan Jatinangor. During that period of time, the number of teenagers age of 12 – 18 years in
Kecamatan Jatinangor were 4000. According to sample size determination in design phase, the researchers
had decided to survey at least 600 participants taken from junior high and high school students in Kecamatan
Jatinangor. The study was responded by 150 participants. What is the intended sample of the study?

a. One hundred and fifty junior high and high school students age of 12 – 18 years in Kecamatan Jatinangor

b. All teenagers age of 12 – 18 years in Kecamatan Jatinangor

c. All junior high and high school students age of 12 – 18 years in Kecamatan Jatinangor

d. Six hundred junior high and high school students age of 12 – 18 years in Kecamatan Jatinangor

e. Two hundred junior high and high school students age of 12 – 18 years in Kecamatan Jatinangor
 LiVE 
Good work

Question 24

Complete Marked out of 1.00

Animal models allow research into which of the following?

a. Undertaking research on clinical populations.

b. Experimental investigation into factors such as the proportion genetics polymorphism in congenital disease

c. Undertaking research to determine the efficacy of treatments and interventions.

d. Undertaking research to compare the effectiveness of more than five different types of treatment.

e. Undertaking research on healthy, non-clinical populations

That's not correct

Question 25

Complete Marked out of 1.00

Which type of study compares those who have had an outcome or event with those who have not?

a. Case control study

b. Experimental study

c. Case series

d. Crossover study

e. Prospective cohort study

Good work

Question 26

Complete Marked out of 1.00

Which type of research involves observing a patient who has a particular condition while simultaneously
observing like individuals who do not have the condition?

a. Observational study

b. Case -control

c. Case report

d. Case series

e. Experimental study

Good work

Question 27

Complete Marked out of 1.00

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Which of the following are advantages to case-control studies? (Select all that apply).

a. They tend to be less expensive and more efficient than prospective cohort studies

b. They are feasible for rare diseases

c. The number of subjects in the study was limited

d. They are good for diseases that have a long latency period (i.e., a long time between exposure and manifestation of disease.)

e. They allow you to study multiple outcomes of a single risk factor

That's not correct

Question 28

Complete Marked out of 1.00

Research questions of concern are 'what is the frequency of malnutrition among colorectal cancer patients in
your hospital?' What will be the best outcome of the study?

a. Prevalence

b. Frequency

c. Prevalence ratio

d. Odd ratio

e. Relative risk

That's not correct

Question 29

Complete Marked out of 1.00

How to evaluate that follow up of the study are long and complete enough in cohort study?

a. Determination of outcome appear by an observer is correct.

b. The people leaving or the exposure of people entering is undefined

c. Only people at risk of the outcome included

d. The efforts were made minimum value thrashing to follow-up.

e. Loss of population in study uncontrolled

That's not correct

Question 30

Complete Marked out of 1.00

To increase validity of case control study depends above all on the comparability of case and controls. For
selection controls we should have

a. Secure condition from confounding factors

b. Selected from some population that not gives rise to cases.

 c. Selected dependent of exposure
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d. Lived in the same study area with the cases

e. Dominant effect for the outcome

That's not correct

Question 31

Complete Marked out of 1.00

In which type of study does the investigator identify a group of individuals and then observe them for a
specified period after study initiation?

a. Retrospective study

b. Prospective study

c. Descriptive study

d. Systematic review

e. Compilation study

Good work

Question 32

Complete Marked out of 1.00

An advantage of using hospital-based controls is that they are more likely to cooperate and are likely to
remember past exposures with the same accuracy

a. True

b. False

Good work

Question 33

Complete Marked out of 1.00

The primary principle to be followed in identifying an appropriate control group is that controls should be a
sample of the population that gave rise to the cases, and if a member of the control group had the disease
being studied, they would have been identified as a potential case for the study

a. False

b. True

That's not correct

Question 34

Complete Marked out of 1.00

 Research questions of concern are serum albumin hasLiVE
been proved by other researcher to increase the 

appetite on malnutrition patients. 'Will it work as effectively in colorectal cancer patients underwent surgery?'
The problem is the high cost of IV albumin. What will be the population of the study?

a. All colorectal cancer patients with malnutrition admitted to our facility

b. All colorectal cancer patients underwent surgery in our facility

c. All patients admitted to our facility

d. All colorectal cancer patients with malnutrition underwent surgery in our facility

e. All colorectal cancer patients admitted to our facility

That's not correct

Question 35

Complete Marked out of 1.00

Research questions of concern are serum albumin has been proved by other researcher to increase the
appetite on malnutrition patients. 'Will it work as effectively in colorectal cancer patients?' The problem is the
high cost of IV albumin. What will be the best outcome of the study?

a. Odd ratio

b. Frequency

c. Prevalence ratio

d. Prevalence

e. Relative risk

Good work

Question 36

Complete Marked out of 1.00

Research questions of concern are 'was malnutrition correlate with depression in our patients?' What is the
most appropriate study design for this study questions?

a. Cohort study

b. Case control study

c. Cross sectional study

d. Experimental study

e. Case series

That's not correct

Question 37

Complete Marked out of 1.00

How we can decide that the control recruited in an acceptable way?

a. No matching
 b. Randomization
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c. Comparison with cases is 1 : 1

d. Loss to follow up > 20 %

e. Non-respondents group undefined

Good work

Question 38

Complete Marked out of 1.00

A cross-sectional study was conducted by the researchers to find out the relationship between the level of
knowledge of hepatitis A infection and hand washing and self-hygiene behavior among teenagers age of 12 –
18 years in Kecamatan Jatinangor. During that period of time, the number of teenagers age of 12 – 18 years in
Kecamatan Jatinangor were 4000. According to sample size determination in design phase, the researchers
had decided to survey at least 600 participants taken from junior high and high school students in Kecamatan
Jatinangor. The study was responded by 150 participants. What is the study subject of the study?

a. One hundred and fifty junior high and high school students age of 12 – 18 years in Kecamatan Jatinangor

b. All teenagers age of 12 – 18 years in Kecamatan Jatinangor

c. Six hundred junior high and high school students age of 12 – 18 years in Kecamatan Jatinangor

d. All junior high and high school students age of 12 – 18 years in Kecamatan Jatinangor

e. Two hundred junior high and high school students age of 12 – 18 years in Kecamatan Jatinangor

That's not correct

Question 39

Complete Marked out of 1.00

A cross-sectional study was conducted by the researchers to find out the relationship between the level of
knowledge of hepatitis A infection and hand washing and self-hygiene behavior among teenagers age of 12 –
18 years in Kecamatan Jatinangor. During that period of time, the number of teenagers age of 12 – 18 years in
Kecamatan Jatinangor were 4000. According to sample size determination in design phase, the researchers
had decided to survey at least 600 participants taken from junior high and high school students in Kecamatan
Jatinangor. The study was responded by 150 participants. What is the target population of study?

a. All junior high and high school students age of 12 – 18 years in Kecamatan Jatinangor

b. One hundred and fifty junior high and high school students age of 12 – 18 years in Kecamatan Jatinangor

c. Six hundred junior high and high school students age of 12 – 18 years in Kecamatan Jatinangor

d. All teenagers age of 12 – 18 years in Kecamatan Jatinangor

e. Two hundred junior high and high school students age of 12 – 18 years in Kecamatan Jatinangor

Good work

Question 40

Complete Marked out of 1.00

 Research questions of concern are 'what is the prevalence of Hepatitis B infection in your area of work. Is gender
 LiVE 
play any role in the prevalence?' What will be the best outcome of the study?

a. Prevalence

b. Frequency

c. Relative risk

d. Odd ratio

e. Prevalence ratio

Good work

Question 41

Complete Marked out of 1.00

Which type of study can be used to describe the experience of an individual or institution in treating a disease?

a. Case series

b. Case control study

c. Experimental study

d. Crossover study

e. Prospective cohort study

That's not correct

Finish review

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