ME44002 Fuel Injection

A four-cylinder diesel engine operating at 2,000 r/min delivers a brake power of 80 kW.
The mechanical efficiency of the engine is 90% and the indicated thermal efficiency is
50%. Calculate the volume of fuel injected by each fuel injector per engine cycle, given
that the fuel has a lower heating value of 42.5 MJ/kg and density of 850 kg/m3.

For the same engine, calculate the SMD for the fuel droplets if the air density in the
cylinder is 25 kg/m3 and the spray pressure is 50 MPa. Repeat the calculation if the spray
pressure is 100 MPa.

Calculate the number of droplets if they are all spherical in shape.

Suggested answer:

Brake power = 80 kW; indicated power = 80/0.9 = 88.9 kW

Power output per cylinder = 88.9 / 4 = 22.225 kW
22.225 kW = [work done per cycle per cylinder, Wnet]x(2000/60)(1/2)
Wnet = 1.3335 kJ
Heat input = 1.3335 / 0.5 = 2.667 kJ
Fuel injected per cylinder per cycle = 2.667 kJ / 42.5 MJ/kg = 0.0627 g
Volume of fuel injected = 0.0000627 / 850 = 7.376 x 10-8 m3

Given that SMD (μm) = 2.33x103 (∆p)-0.135(ρa)0.121(V)0.131

For the lower pressure difference of 50 MPa
SMD (μm) = 2.33x103 (50x106)-0.135(25)0.121(7.376x10-8)0.131 = 36.4 μm
For the higher pressure difference of 100 MPa
SMD (μm) = 2.33x103 (100x106)-0.135(25)0.121(7.367x10-8)0.131 = 33.1 μm

Number of droplets:
Given: volume of a sphere = (4/3)πr3
N x (4/3)πr3 = 7.376 x 10-8 m3
For r = 18.2 μm, N = 2.92 x 106

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