Geological Hazards

Causes of Other Related

Geological Hazards
Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction
What happened to the portions of
the volcano that were removed?

What geologic hazard could be

responsible for the movement of
the soil?
 What do these When and where What is common in
signages did you see these these places where
mean? road signs? they are placed?

Why is this image

highlighted in RED?

https://favpng.com/png_view/priest-traffic-sign-landslide-warning-sign-
rock-royalty-free-png/MaYSwXK9

https://www.pngwing.com/en/free-png-ndvgs
What are Landslides?
 the mass movement of rock,
debris or earth down a
slope and have come to
include broad range of
motions whereby falling,
sliding, and flowing under
the influence of gravity
dislodges earth material.

 Landslide occur when an

earthquake,
floods/prolonged rainfall, or
volcanic eruption occur.
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Landslide
 A landslide is a ground movement on a
sloping terrain.

 It does not happen on flat ground because of

the angle on the ground, gravity induces
the land to move downward.

 It is aggravated by rain because water is a

natural agent for erosion.

 While landslides come in various names such

as mudslide, flash flood, avalanche, etc.

 The actual difference is in their composition

provided that there is an inclined terrain.
Major Types of Landslide Movement
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What are the causes of Landslide?
There are two main types of landslide.

Natural Landslide
• Heavy and prolonged rainfall
• Volcanoes / Volcanic Eruption
• Freezing and Thawing
• Geological factors
Anthropogenic Factors
• Earthquakes
• Inappropriate drainage system
• Forest fire
• Cutting and deed excavation on
• Gravity slopes for buildings, roads, canals
• Waves and mining
• Change in slope/land use pattern,
deforestation, settlements,
agricultural practices on steep slope
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 What are the effects of landslide?
 destroys everything and anything that
comes in their path (roads, rail lanes,
agricultural production, land area, etc.)

 loss of lives (depends on the place

and time of occurrence)
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What to do during landslide?

 Quickly move out the

path of the landslide
or debris flow

 If inside the building

and there’s no
possible way to
scape, protect your
head and take cover
under a desk, table or
other sturdy furniture

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What to do after a landslide?

 Check for injured or trapped person without entering/returning to the site

and assist rescuers
 Help vulnerable group persons in neighborhood for emergency assistance
 Listen to local radio or television stations
 Be alert for flooding which may occur after a landslide or debris flow
 Report damaged utility lines to authorities
 Re-plant damage ground
 Seek professional advice for evaluation of landslide hazard and reducing
landslide risk

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https://janeceegavan.wordpress.com/2018/01/24/78/
 An aquifer is a body of
rock and/or sediment
that holds groundwater.

https://www.zmescience.com/science/geology/science-abc-sinkholes/
https://imgur.com/gallery/zyXADrM
 types of sinkholes

Cover-collapsed sinkholes
develop quickly in a matter
of hours and cause
catastrophic damage

https://www.zmescience.com/science/geology/science-abc-sinkholes/

Cover-subsidence sinkholes
forms slowly overtime with the
ground gradually subsiding or
deflating (types of events can go
unnoticed or undetected)

https://www.zmescience.com/science/geology/science-abc-sinkholes/
 types of sinkholes

Dissolution Sinkhole
 It occurs in areas where calcareous
is exposed on the ground or where
https://www.zmescience.com/science/geology/science-abc-sinkholes/
thin layers of soil and permeable
sand are also covered.
 Limestone or dolomite dissolution is
most intense when the water first
reaches the rock surface

Artificial Sinkhole
Such types of sinks may be caused
by various human activities,
including groundwater pumping and
building
https://www.zmescience.com/science/geology/science-abc-sinkholes/
 What are Cenotes?

Cenotes
are underground
caves in which the
roof collapses
exposing the
underground cave
water surface.

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 What are Blue Holes?

Blue holes
are water filled
sinkholes
located in the
ocean

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 Where do sinkholes occur?
 Sinkholes are commonly found in what geologists call Karst
Terrain.
 Karst terrain are regions where the type of rock below the
land surface can naturally be dissolved by underground water
circulating through them.

What are the effects of sinkholes?

 Physical injuries
 Water contamination
 Loss of lives
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 What will be the solutions for sinkholes?

Check country offices, local or state geological surveys

Redirecting or blocking source of water

Avoid construction on wetlands

Sea water treatment

Recycling gray water run-offs

Avoid human activities that can form sinkholes such as

old mines, leaky faucets, ground water pumping, aquifer
system, etc.

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 PERFORMANCE TASK
No. 1
(Group Activity)
Make an infographics that
gives warning to people about
the types of landslides and
sinkholes.

An infographics is a graphic
visual representation of
information, data or knowledge
intended to present information
quickly and clearly to the
viewers.

This includes illustrations and

descriptions.