JEE-ADVANCED

JR-MATHEMATICS
VOLUME - I - INDEX

S.No. NAME OF THE TOPIC PAGE No.

1. SURDS 001 - 013

2. LOGARITHMS 014 - 035
3. QUADRATIC EQUATIONS AND
EXPRESSIONS 036 - 048
4. SEQUENCES AND SERIES 049 - 122
5. MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION 123 - 135
6. MATRICES & DETERMINANTS 136 - 227
7. 2D-GEMETRY - COORDINATE SYSTEM 228 - 248

8. LOCUS 249 - 263

9. TRANSFORMATION OF AXES 264 - 274
10. STRAIGHT LINES 275 - 338

11. PAIR OF STRAIGHT LINES 339 - 361

 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL- I SURDS

SURDS
SYNOPSIS
 Every non terminating recurring decimal fraction is
a rational number.
1 17
Ex :  0. 3 , 2  2. 0  2.48571
3 7
1 
0  0. 0 , 17  17 . 0  0 .2 0
5 product of two surds is a rational number then, the
 Every non terminating, non recurring decimal is an
irrational number.
Ex : 0.12345
...log7 6,log4 5,log7 12,log3 8 , tan5o ,cot 200 ,
 SURD a  Q+ , n  N and , n
a  Q , then
n
a is called a Surd of ‘n’th order
 A surd of 2nd order is called a quadratic surd.
Ex : 2 , 7
 A surd of 3rd order is called a cubic surd.
Ex : 3 5 , 3 4
 A surd of 4th order is called a biquadratic surd . Ex
: 4 11 , 4 6
 PURE SURD : A surd consisting of a single
irrational quantity is called a pure a surd.
Ex : 5, 3 26, 5 864
 Every Surd is an irrational number. But every
irrational number is not a surd.
 Surd is an irrational nth root of a rational number.
 If ‘a’ is a positive rational number and ‘b’ is a simple  3
surd , then ‘ab’ is also a simple surd.
 If ‘a’ is a rational number and b is a surd, then 
a  b is called a mixed surd.
 COMPOUND SURD : A surd which is the sum 
or difference of two or more surds is called
compound surd. Ex: 2  3 7  5
 SIMILAR SURDS : If the surds are different
multiples of same surd they are called similar surds.
Ratio of similar surds is a rational number.
Ex: 2 7,5 7
Note :
i. The product or quotient of two similar surds is a
rational number.
ii. The product of two similar quadratic surds is
rational.
iii. The product of two similar cubic surds is surd
iv. If a  b  c  d  e , then the surds d and
e are similar..
 If the product or quotient of any two surds is again
a surd then the surds are said to be dissimilar.
Ex : 3, 5
CONJUGATE SURDS : If both the sum and
two surds are called conjugate surds.
Ex : 2  5 and 2  5 are conjugate surds and
3  2, 3  2 are not conjugate s u r d s
since their sum is not a rational number. But their
product is a rational number, hence each is a
ratrionalising factor of the other surd.
 RATIONALISING FACTORS : If the product
of two surds is rational, each is called the rationalising
factor of the other.
 a  b , a  b are the rationalising factors of each
other
 a  b , a  b are the rationalising factors of
each other
 Of the four surds a  b  c,
 a b c , a b c ,
a  b  c the product of any three is the
rationalizing factor of the fourth.
a  3 b and 3 a 2  3 ab  3 b 2 are the rationalizing
factors of each other.
3
a  3 b and 3 a 2  3 ab  3 b 2 are rationalizing
factors of each other.
Method to find rationalizing factor of p a  q b :
Take x  p a , y  q b and n=LCM of  p, q 
since  x n  y n  
 x  y   x n 1  x n 2 y  x n 3 y 2  ..... y n 1  so
the rationalizing factor of x  y is
x n 1
 x n  2 y  x n 3 y 2  ....  y n 1 
 To find rationalising factor of p a  q b
Take x  p a , y  q b and n=LCM of  p, q 

PINEGROVE 1
 SURDS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL- I

If n is even we have x n  y n  Note:

i. a  b  c  2 ab  2 bc  2 ca  a  b  c
 x  y   x n1  x n 2 y  x n 3 y 2  ...... y n1 
So the rationalizing factor of x  y is ii. a  b  c  2 ab  2 bc  2 ca  a  b  c
x n 1
 x n  2 y  x n 3 y 2 ......... y n 1  if a b c
Ex: Rationalising factor of 3  5 is 3  5  a b c d  a b c d
 Let a,c be rational numbers. b, d are irrational  3

a  b  x  y  3 a  b = x- y 
numbers, If a+ b  c  d then 1 4a  1 
a = c and b = d.  a a a  .....    

 2 
 Let a and b are unlike surds. No surd c  1 
 1 n 
exists such that a  b  c .  a a a a .....n times  a  2 

 If a and b are like surds, then there exists a 

a a a.......  a
surd c such that a  b  c . x2  k x2  k

Ex: 8  18  2 2  3 2  5 2  50
 If  a b  
 a b   2a such that
 A simple surd cannot be equal to the sum or a 2  b  1 , then x   k  1
difference of a rational number and a surd.
 Mean proportional between a and b is ab
SQUARE ROOT OF A SURD
3 3
 If a, b   a  b   a  b  2  a 3  3ab 2 
a 2  b are positive rational numbers and
3 3
b is a surd, then  a  b   a  b  2  3a 2b  b3 
a a2  b a a2  b
a  b   W.E-1: 28  5 12 
2 2
Explanation: Sol: Method-1 Let 28  5 12  x  y
Let a  b  x  y  a  b  x  y  2 xy By squaring on both sides. we get
 x  y  a  1 and 4 xy  b   2  28  5 12  x  y  2 xy
2  x  y  28 ............(1)
from (1) and (2)  x  y   a 2  b
2 xy  5 12  4 xy  300
 x  y   a 2  b   3 From (1) and (3) we get 2 2
2 2
Now  x  y    x  y   4 xy  784  300  484
a a b a a b
x ,y  x  y  22 .............(2)
2 2
From 1 & 2 x=25, y=3
Ex: i. 5 24  5 2 6  2 3 2 23  3  2
 28  5 12  5  3
ii. 7  2 12  4  3  2 4  3  4  3  2  3 Method-II
NOTE: i. a2 b  x  y 28  5 12  28  2 75

ii. a  2 b  x  y  x  y   25  3  2 25  3
where x  y  a & xy  b 2

 If b , c , d are dissimilar surds

=  5
2
  3  2 5 3
2

Then a b c d
 bc
=  4 4 d  4
cd
 4
bd 

 .
= 5  3   5 3 = 5  3 5  3  
 4b 4c 

2 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL- I SURDS

W.E-2: 7  33 = xyz
x   5 , y= 3, z=1
yz
14  2 33
Sol: 7  33   9  2 3  2 5  2 15 =
2 5  3 1
1 Method-II
= 11  3  2 11 3
2 9  2 3  2 5  2 15 =
1 2 11  3
=
2
 11  3  
2
 5  3  1  2 3 1  2 5 1  2 5  3
2
W.E-3: 50  48 = =  
5  3 1 = 5  3 1

Sol: 50  48  5 2  4 3  4 2 5  2 6 = 5  3 1  5  3 1  0 
2
42  5 1  42  5 1  W.E-7: 3 9 3  11 2 =

W.E-4: 2 x  3 x 2  4 x  4  x  2 = Sol: Let 3

9 3  11 2  x  y .......(1)
1 2 3
Sol: 2 x  3x 2  4 x  4 = 4 x  2 3x  4 x  4 9 3  11 2  x  y ...........(2)
2
1 (1) &( 2), x  y  1  y  1  x ............(3)
 3x  2    x  2   2  3x  2  x  2  By cubing the eqn (1) on both sides we get
2
3x  2  x  2 9 3  11 2   x  3 y  x   y  3 x  y

2   x  3 y  x  9 3 &  y  3x  y  11 2
7
W.E-5: 4  3 using (3)   4 x  3 x  9 3  x  3
4
 y  2.  3 9 3  11 2  3  2
7 74 3
Sol: 4  3 =4
4 4 W.E-8: Greatest among 37  7 & 43  13 is

7  2 12 4  3  2 4. 3 Sol: Let x  37  7 & y  43  13

=4 =
4 4
x
 37  7  37  7  30
4 3 2 3 42 3 3 1 37  7 37  7
= = = =
2 2 4 2
W.E-6: 9  2 3  2 5  2 15 = y 
 43 13  43 13  30
43 13 43 13
Sol: Method-1
Clearly 37  43 & 7  13
Let 9  2 3  2 5  2 15  x  y  z
 37  7  43  13
By squaring on both sides, we get
1 1
92 32 52 15  x yz 2 xy 2 yz 2 zx  
37  7 43  13
 x  y  z  9, xy  15, yz  z , zx  5
30 30
  x y
Now  xy  yz  zx   225  xyz  15 37  7 43  13

PINEGROVE 3
 SURDS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL- I

2 2 3 2ab
W.E-9:    W.E-14: If a  0 , b  1 and x  2 then
5 2 6 8  2 15 7  2 10 b 1
2 2 3 ax  ax
   
Sol: a x  ax
5 2 6 8  2 15 7  2 10
2 2
2 2 3
Sol: a  x  a
 b  1 &a x 
a  b  1
  
3 2 5 3 5 2 b2  1 b2  1

  5 3
 2 3  2  2 3   5 2  
a  x  a  x b 1  b 1 b 1b 1 1
    b  1
2  3 a  x  a  x b 1  b 1 b 1b 1 b
 
EXERCISE - I
 2 3  2 2  5  3  5  2  33 2
W.E-10: Rationalising factor of 5 3  1 is 1. 16  2 55 =
Sol: Rationalising factor of 5 3  1 is 1.3 + 7 2. 11  5
 45 3 2 1
 3. 12  4 4. 13  3
 3  3 5
 3 5
 3 5
 1 since
  2. 11 7  28 

5


4
 3
3  1  3  3  3  3  1  3  1  2
5 5
2
5
1
5 1. 4
7 7 2  2. 4
7  6 5 
  3. 4
7 8 3  4.  8 3 
1/3  1/3
W.E-11: If x=  4  15   4  15  then x 3  3x  3. 23 2  12 5 
Sol: x  (4  15)  (4  15) 1/ 3 1/ 3 3
 x  3 x 
1.
4
5  2 3  5  2.
4
5  3 2  5 
cubing both sides    

x 3  4  15  4  15    1

 3 4  15 
1/ 3
3. 4

23 2 5  4. 4

23 2 5 
4  15  (4 
1 / 3
15 )1/ 3  ( 4  15 ) 1/ 3  4. 73 5 

 x3  4  15  4  15  3(4  15)1/ 31/ 3 ( x) 3 5 7 5 2 3 3 2

1. 2. 3. 4.
 x 3  8  3 x  x 3  3 x  8 2 2 2 2
W.E-12:If x = 3 +2 2 then x 4 -6x3 + 6x + 6 = 5. a  b  c  2 ac  bc 
Sol: x  3  2 2  x  3  2 2 1. a  bc 2. a b c
x  6x  9  8  x2  6 x  1  0
2

Now x 4  6 x3  6 x  6 3. ab  c 4. a b c
x 2  x 2  6 x  1   x 2  6 x  1  7 = 7 6. 2 x  1  2 x2  x  6 
1 1 1. x2  x3 2. x 2  x 3
W.E-13: If x = ,y  then
3 2 3 2
x2 - 5xy + y2 = 3. x 3  x 2 4. x2  x3
1 1 7. x2  x 4  4 
Sol: If x  ,y then x 2  5 xy  y 2 =
3 2 3 2
x2  x2 x2  2  x2  2
x  3  2  x2  5  2 6 1. 2.
2 2
y  3  2  y2  5  2 6
x4  2  x4  2 x4  2  x 4  2
xy  1  x  5 xy  y  5  2 6  5  5  2 6 =5
2 2 3. 4.
2 2

4 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL- I SURDS

8. a  b  2 x  2 ab  ( a  b) x  x 2  20. a  3b  4  4 a  4 3b  2 3ab 
1. a  b  2x 2. a b x 1. 2  a  3b 2. 2a  b  2
3. a  2  b 4. a 2 b
3. a x  b x 4. a  b  x  x
21. 3
45  29 2 
 3
9. If    then 1  Sin2  1  Sin2  1. 3 + 2 2. 2+ 2 3. 3+2 2 4. 1+2 2
4 4
1. 2 Sin 2.  2 Sin 3. 2Cos 4.  2Cos 22. 3
37  30 3 
10. 6 7  27  4 35  1. 2- 3 2. 3- 3 3. 1-2 3 4. 2-2 3
1. 5 -1 2. 5- 2 3. 5 +1 4. 2 + 5
23. 3
15 3  26 
11. 6  2 5  (13  48 )  1. 3 -2 2. 2 3 -2 3. -1+2 3 4. 2- 3
1. 2 1 2. 5 1 3. 3  1 4. 6 2 24. 3
54 3  41 5 
12. 2  5  6  3 5  14  6 5  1. 3 5 2. 2 3  5
1. 2 2. 3 5 3. 4. 3 3. 3  2 5 4. 3 3  5
13. A.M of two surds is 5 + 9 2 , one of the surds 25. 3 14 5  18 3 
is 1 + 12 2 then square root of the second
1) 2  6 2) 3  5
surd is
1. 6  3 2. 3  2 3. 9+6 2 4. 10 +18 2 3) 5  3 4) 6  2

14. The mean proportional between 2 - 3 and 26. 2  5 17 5  38 

1/ 6
 
26-15 3 is 1. 2 2. 4 3. 5 4. 1
1. 13-8 27. x = 17  16 , y  15  14 
3 2. 7-4 3 3. 7+4 3 4. 13+8 3
1. x = y 2. x > y 3. x < y 4. xy = 1
15. 4
193  132 2  28. Greatest among
1.2 + 3 2. 5 + 3 3. 3  2 4. 7  2 x=6  5 , y  8 2 , z  2 130 , w 
3 3 3 3
900
16. 4
137  36 14  1. x 2. y 3. z 4. w
1. 5  2 2. 7  2 3. 5  3 4. 29. 6
2 , 2 , 4 2 satisfies the following order
3
7 3
17. 4 1. 6
24 23 2 2. 6
2 4 2 3 2
7  4 3. 2  3 
1. 3 2. 1 3. 2 4. 4 3. 6 2  4 2  3 2 4. 6 2  4 2  3 2
30. Which one is true
18. 21  4 5  8 3  4 15 
1. 10
34 2 5 5 2. 10
34 2 5 5
1. 2 + 2 3  5 2. 2-3 2 5
3. 10
34 2 5 5 4. 10 3  4 2  5 5
3. 2-2 3  5 4. 2  32 5
31. If 7  15  10 then
15
19. 2 32 6 4 2  1. 7  15  3.4 2. 7  15  3.4
2
3. 7  15  3.4 4. Cannot be determined
3 5
1. 2  2  2. 3  2  1 2 3
2 2   
32.
1 15  4 14 12  2 35 13  4 10
3. 5  2  4. 5  2  1 1. 6 2. 1 3. 0 4. -1
2

PINEGROVE 5
 SURDS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL- I

1 44. 5 4
5 8 5.......... 
33. 
1 2  3 1. 5 2. log105 3. 1 4. 5
2 (1  2  3 ) 2 (1  2  3 ) 45. If b  c , c  a , a  b are in H.P then
1. 2.
4 4 a,b,c, are in
2 (1  2  3 ) 2 (1  2  3 ) 1. A.P 2. G.P. 3. H.P 4. A.G.P
3. 4.
2 2 46. x  x  1 x  1 x 
1/3
34. Rationalising factor of a+b is
1. a2 - ab1/3 + b2/3 2. a3 - ab 1/3 + b 4 12 16 2
1. 2. 3. 4.
3. a - ab1/3 + b 4. (a1/3 +b) 25 25 25 25
35. Rationalising factor of 21/3 - 2-1/3 is
1. 21/3 - 2-1/3 2. 22/3 + 2-2/3
47. x  x 2  bc  y  y 2  ca  z  z 2  ab 
3. 22/3 + 2-2/3 +1 4. 22/3 + 2-2/3 - 1 = x  x 2  bc  y  y 2  ca  z  z 2  ab = k  k =
36. Rationalising factor of 3
25  3 5  1 is 1.  a 2b 2 c 2 2.  a 3b 3c 3 3.  a 4b 4 c 4 4.  abc
1. 3
5  1 2. 5
3  1 3. 3
5  1 4. 3
25  3 5  1 1
48. x = 7  4 3  x  
ab ab x
37.  =
3
a 2  3 ab  3 b 2 3
a 2  3 ab  3 b 2 1. 2 2. 4 3. 2 3 4. 3
1. 2a1/3 2. -2a1/3 3. -2b1/3 4. 2b1/3
38. The rationalizing factor of 5 3
49. x =  x2 - 8x + 1 =
8
 
3  8 2 4 3  4 2 3  2 is   5 3
1. 5 2. 3 3. 4 4. 0
1.  8
38 2  2.  8
3 8 2 
50. x = 7  3 , xy  4  x 4  y 4 
3.  8
4 8
2 4. 3 2
1. 400 2. 368 3. 352 4. 200
39. Rationalising factor of 5 3  1 is
52 1
 4 3 2
 51. x =  x2  2 
 3 5  3 5  3 5  1  4 3 2 1
 52 x
 3 5  3 5  3 5  3 5  1
1.   2.  
    1. 324 2. 320 3. 326 4. 322
3
 4 2 1  3
52.
 5  3
5
 3 5 
 3 5  1
 4
 5
2 1 
 23  x 10  18  5  x 
 3 5
 3 5  3 5  1
3.  4.  3  3
 



1. 6 2. 3 3. 1 4. 4
 1 1
 2 3
 27 9  4 6 
40. Rationalising factor of  53. x =  ( x  2) 2 
 is 2 3
 
2 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1. 3 2. 4 3. 2 4.1
1. 27 9  27 9 .4 3  4 2 2. 3 3  3 3 .2 3  2 3
15
2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 54. =
3. 4. 10  20  40  5  80
33  3 3 .2 3  23 27 9  27 9 .2 3  42
1 1 1 1
1. 5 (5  2 ) 2. 5 (2  2 )
41.    .... 
2 1 3  2 4 3 100  99 3. 5 (1  2 ) 4. 5 (3  2 )
1. 1 2. 2 3. 9 4. 10
10 2 10  18
55.  a b 
42. 6  6  6  ......... = 8  3 5 8  3 5
1. 6 2. 3 3. 2 4.  (a, b) =
1. (13,125) 2. (125,13) 3. (25, 13) 4. (13, 25)
43. 20  20  ......... =
56. a1/3 + b1/3 + c1/3 = 0  (a +b+c)3 =
1. 4 2. -20 3. - 20 4. 20 1. 3 abc 2. 9 abc 3. 27 abc 4. 81 abc

6 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL- I SURDS

57. x = 3+31/3 + 32/3  x3 - 9x2+18x-12 = 68. If a  x  b  x  a  b  2 x then x =

1. 6 2. 8 3. 0 4. 4 1. -a,b 2. a,-b 3. -a, -b 4. a,b
58. 2  3  3/ 2

 2 3  3/ 2
 3
69. If x 2  4 x  1  0 then x  3 =
1
x
1. 2 6 2. 3 6 3. 6 6 4. 8 6
1. 76 2. 62 3. 72 4. 52
5 70. The real values of x which satisfy the equation
 73 5
x 2 3 x 2 3
59.
7
2 is 5  2 6  
 52 6   10 are
 16  5 7 1.  2, 2 2.  3, 3
2
3.  4,  3 4. 4, 2
1) Rational 2) Surd
3) Multiple of 7 4) Multiple of 2 2 x
71. If x  5  2 6 and Cos  then
x 1
3 1 x 1 x
60. If x = then   tan 2   Cos 2 =
2 1 1 x 1 1 x 1. 1 2. 3/2 3. 2 4. 4
1
1. 1 2. 3 3. 4. 72. If a  x  x 2  1 then x =
3 2
1 1 1 1
1 1  x 2 1 1. a   2. a  
61. If x =  a   then = 2 a 2 a
2 a x  x 2 1
11  1  2a
3.   a 4.
a 1 a 1 2 a a2 2a  2
1. 2. 3. 4.  
2 2 2  4 
a  2b  a  2b
73. If x = then
4  15   4 
3/ 2
15 3/ 2


a  2b  a  2b
62.
6  35   6 
3/ 2
35 
3/ 2
1. bx2 + ax + b= 0
3. bx2 - ax - b = 0
2. bx2 + ax- b = 0
4. bx2 - ax + b = 0
4 7 7 6
1. 2. 3. 4. 2ab ax  ax
13 6 13 7 74.If a > 0, b  1, x  then =
b2 1 ax  ax
63 .  a b c d  
2
a b c d  2
1. 0 2. b 3. 1/b 4. a
+  a  b  c  d    a  b  c  d  =
2 2
75. If x1  x2 and x1 , x2 are the roots of
1. a+b+c+d 2. 2(a+b+c+d)
3. 4(a+b+c+d) 4. 8(a+b+c+d) x 2  26 x  120  0 , then x1  x2 
64 If a,b,c are natural numbers then 1) 2) 5  2 3) 3  2 4) 5  3
5 1
a abbcca b abbcca c  ab bc ca is
2 2 2

a b x2  4
1) a pure surd 2) a mixed surd 76 If x   then 
3) a natural number 4) a rational number b a x  x2  4
 
65. If log 5  24  2 log x  y then (x, y) =   1)
ab
2)
a b
3) a 2  b 2 4) a 2  b 2
1. (3,2) 2. (2,3) 3. (5,3) 4. (3,5) 2a 2a
66. If x = a  a 2  b 3  3 a  a 2  b 3 then
3  1 
77 tan 1  50  18  
x3 + 3bx =  3  2 2 
1. a 2. b 3. 2a 4. 3b
   
67. If x = 3 2  3 4 then x3 - 6x = 1) 2) 3) 4)
8 4 3 10
1. 3 2. 6 3.9 4. 12

PINEGROVE 7
 SURDS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL- I

78. If x 2 / 3  y 2 / 3  a 2 / 3 and a, y, x are positive

=
1
2
 x2  2  x2  2 
2 4 2 2 2 4
then 3
x  x y  y  x y  3

a
8) a  b  2 x  2 ab  a  b x  x 2
1) a 2) 3) 2a 4) a
2 = a  x   b  x   2 a  x b  x 
EXERCISE - I - KEY
1) 2 2) 1 3) 3 4) 1 5) 3 6) 3 7) 2  a x  b x
8) 3 9) 1 10) 4 11) 3 12) 1 13) 1 14)2 9)  sin   cos   sin   cos  = 2 sin 
15) 3 16) 2 17) 2 18) 1 19) 1 20) 1 21) 1
22) 3 23) 1 24) 2 25) 3 26) 4 27) 3 28) 1 10) (26  15 3 )2 / 3  (26  15 3 )2 / 3
29) 1 30) 2 31)2 32) 3 33) 2 34) 1 35) 3 2
1
36) 3 37) 3 38) 1 39) 4 40) 2 41) 3 42) 2   3
(26  15 3 )   
2

43) 1 44) 1 45) 3 46) 3 47) 4 48) 2 49) 4 

 3 26  15 3 
 

50) 2 51) 4 52) 1 53) 1 54) 3 55) 1 56) 3
57) 3
64) 3
58) 2
65) 1
59) 1
66) 3
60) 3 61) 2 62) 3 63) 3
67) 2 68) 3 69) 4 70) 1
 
2
 2  3  (2  3 ) 2
71) 2 72) 1 73)4 74) 2 75) 1 76) 2 77)1 78)1 1
74 3  7  4 3  7  4 3  14
EXERCISE -I - HINTS 74 3

1) 16  2 55  11  5  2 11 5 = 11  5 11). 6  2 5  (13  48)

2) 11 7  28 = 
7 11  4 7 
= 6  2 5  ( 12  1)
=  
7 11  2 28 = 4 7 7  4  2 7 . 4
 6  2 5  12  1  2 12


= 4 7. 7  4  4 7   72   6  2 4  2 3  6  2( 3  1)  4  2 3
 3 1
3) 23 2  12 5 = 
2 23  6 10 
4
12) 2  5  6  3 5  14  6 5
= 4 2 18  5  2 32.10 = 2 18  5  2 18 5
= 4
2  18  5 = 4

2 3 2 5   2 5  63 5  9  5

12  2 11 1  11  1  2 5  94 5
4) 6  11 = =
2 2  2 5( 5  4)  4 2
5) a  b  c   2 ac  bc = a  b  c   2 c(a  b) 13) A.M. of two surds is 5  9 2 . One of the surds is

= a  b   c  2 ( a  b) c = a  b  c 1 12 2 . Then the square root of second surd is

(let the second surd be 'a' then
6) 2 x  1  2 x2  x  6 a  1  12 2
 59 2  a  96 2 )
2
= 2 x  1  2 x  3x  2
a 96 2  6  3
=  x  3   x  2  2 x  3 x  2 = x  3  x  2
14)  ab   2  3  26  15 3   97  56 3
2 4
2x  2 x  4
7) x2  x4  4 =  97  2 49  48  49  48  7  4 3
2
15) = 4 193  2 662  2 = 4 193  2 121 72
=
x  2  x 2  2  2 x 2
 2 x2  2  
2 = 121  72 = 11 2 18 = 9  2

8 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL- I SURDS

16) 4
137  2 324  14 = 4 137  2 324  14 23) 3
15 3  26  x  y

= 81  56  2 81 56 = 81  56  
22
x  y 2  3 15 3  26   1 x  y  1
2

= 9  2 14 = 7 2 y 3  3 xy  26 y 3  3 y y 2  1  26  
4 y 3  3 y  26 y  2 , x  3
17) = 4 3 2 4 3 . 2 3
24) 3
54 3  41 5  x  y
= 4  3. 2  3 = 2  3. 2  3
x  x  3 y   54 3    1
= 2  3 2  3   1 y 3 x  y   41 5    (2)
18) 21  4 5  8 3  4 15 x  y 
3
 343  x y  7  x  y 7

= 21  2 20  2 48  2 60 substitute into (2) y satifies.

 x  5  7  12 Ans  12  5  2 3  5
= 4  12  5  2 4  12  2 12  5  2 5  4 25) Same as (24) question
1 1
=  
2
4  12  5 = 4  12  5 26) 
2  5 17 5  38  6
2  5 (2  5) 2

19)
15
2 32 6 4 2
  5  2  5  2   1
2
27) x  17  16 , y  15  14
15  4 3  4 6  8 2
= x
 17  
16  17  16

1 
2 17  16 17  16

=
15  2 12  2 24  2 32
y
 15  
14  15  14

1
x  y

2 15  14 15  14

=
8  4  3  2 8  4  2 4  3  2 3 8 28) x  63 5 , y  8 3 2 , z  2 3 130 , w  3 900  
2 x  3 63.5  3 1080 y  3 83.2  3 1024
8 4 3 3 z  3 23.130  3 1040 w  3 900
=  2 2 
2 2 1 1 1
1 1 1
29) 3  4  6     2  2  23
6 4
20) a  3b  4  4 a  4 3b  2 3ab 6 4 3
30) LCM of 10,4,5 is 20
= a  3b  4  2 4a  2 12b  2 3ab 1 1 1 1 1 1

= 3  3
10 2 20
 9 20
2  2
4

5 20
  32 20
a  3b  4  2 4 a  2 a 3b  2 3b 4
1 1 1
= 4  a  3b = 2  a  3b
5  5
5 4 20
   625  20
21) 3
45  29 2 = x  y Since 9  32  625
3 1
x  3xy  45 x  3, y  2  3  2 1 1
9 20
  32  20   625  20
22) 3
37  30 3 x 2  y  3 37   30 3
2
 2
31) If 7  15  10, then
= 3 2
 1331  11  y  x  11 7  15  7  
15  10 7  15  
x 3  3xy  37 4 x 3  33 x  37 x  1,  12 34
 7  15 = 7  15  3.4
3
10
37  30 3  x  y  1  12  1 2 3

PINEGROVE 9
 SURDS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL- I

1 2 3  54 53 25 15 
32)
15 4 14

12 2 35

13 4 10
  5



3  1  3  3  3  3  1   3  1  4

1 2 3  91 1

   27  4 6 1 1
8 7 7 5 8 5 40) Rationalising factor of   is 3 3  2 3
 
 7  5  8  5  13 1
 2 1 1 2

 8  7  2 3
 2   3    3  2  1

since  3  2 3  3
3  3 3 3
2  2 3 

    
  
 8 7 7 5 8 5 0 2 1 3 2 4 3 100  99
41)    ..... 
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 2  3
 
33)  1  100  1  10  9
1  2  3 1  2  3 1  2   3
1 2  3 42) 6  6  6      
 1 2  3 1 2  r3
2  
 2
1 2  3   
1 2  2 2  3 2 2 1  1  24 1  5
 3


2 1 2  3  2 2
4 43) 20  x  x and squaring
1 44) 5 4
5 8
5 
34) Rationalising factor of a  b 3
1 1 1
1 2
2 4 8
a 2  ab 3  b 3 since  5 .5 .5    
1
1 1 2
  2  3 1 1 1 2
 a  b  a  ab  b   a  b
3 3 3           1
2 4 8 1
   5 5 2
 51  5
 31 31  23 2
  1 3 1 1 1
2 2 2 1 2 45) , , are in A.P..
  2 2  2
3
35)      b  c c  a a  b
  
1 1 1 1
36) R.F. of  3
25  3
5  1 is   3
5 1  since c a

b c

a b

c a
 3
25  3 53  1   3

5  1   5  1  4 b c c a

c a a b
ab

ab  c a b c    a b c a  
37) 3
a 2  3 ab  3 b 2 3
a 2  3 ab  3 b 2 b a c  b  b  a  c  b  2b  a  c

 1 1
  13 1
 1 b c a  b  a, b, c are in A.P
  a 3  b 3    a  b 3 
    2b3
46) x  x  1 x  1
38) The rationalising factor of

8
3 8 2  4
34 2    3  2  since
3  2 is
8 8  x  1   x  1  x Squaring both sides
x  1  2 x  x  1  x  1  2 x   1  x
 8
38 2   8 3  8 2    3  2 4 4
Squaring again
1  4 x  4 x  1  x  5 x  4 x
 4
3  4
2   4
342    3 2 
 x  4 / 5  x  16 / 25
 3 2  3  2  3 2 1
47). K.K = ( x  x 2  bc )( x  x 2  bc )
39) Rationalising factor of 5
3  1 is
 45 3
5
2
5
1
5

 3  3  3  3  1 since y y 2  ca  y  y 2  ca 
 
( z  z 2  ab )( z  z 2  ab )
10 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL- I SURDS

K 2   x2  x2  bc  y 2  y 2  ca  (z2  z2  ab) x
1
 9  4 5  9  4 5  18
x
K 2  (bc)(ca)(ab)  (abc) 2 2
1 
2 1 1
 K   abc x  2   x    2x
x  x x
48) x  7  4 3  7  2 12
 18  2  322
2

2
 4  2  2 43   4 3  52) 23  x 10  18  5
Squaring on both sides
x 4 3 23  x 10  18  5  2 18  5
1 1 4 3 23  x 10  23  2 90  23  x 10  23  6 10
  comparing x=6
x 4 3 4 3
1 2 3
x  4 3 4 34 53) x   74 3
2 3
x
5 3  7  2 12  4  3  2  3
49) x   x 2  8 x  1 x 2  3  x  2  3
2

5 3
15
5 3 5 3 5 3 54)
x   10  20  40  5  80
5 3 5 3 5 3 15
=
5  3  2 15 10  2 5  2 10  5  4 5
x  4  15 15 15 5
2   
3 10  3 5 3( 10  5) 10  5
 x  4   15
Squaring both sides 5 10  5
=   10  5  5( 2  1)
2 2 10  5 10  5
x  8x  16  15  x  8 x  1  0
10 2 10  18
50) x  7  3 , xy  4  x 4  y 4  55)  a b 
8  3 5 8  3 5
4 4
xy  4  y   10 2 10  18
x 7 3 
= 8  62 5 8
62 5
4( 7  3 ) 2 2

( 7  3 )( 7  3 )  7  3 10 2 10  18

2 2
x  y  ( x  y )  2 xy 2
= 8  5 1 8
5 1
2 2
 ( 2 7 ) 2  2(7  3)  28  8  20
10 2  2 ( 20  36 )
= 
4 4
x y  x y  2 2 2
  2x y 2 2
16  5  1 16  5  1
2
20 (6  20 )
 (2 0 ) 2  2 
  7  3  7  3 
  = 
3 5 3 5
 400  2(16)  368
20  3  5 
2 =  2  
5  2 ( 5  2) 3  5  3  5 

51) x    94 5
52 54 20 3  5  2  5 3 5 2
1

1

1
x
94 5
 94 5
= 
4
 
x 94 5 94 5 94 5      13  5 5  13  125

PINEGROVE 11
 SURDS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL- I

1 1 1 a 1 a 1 2 1
56) a 3
 b 3
 c 3
 0 x  x2  1    
2 a 2 a 2 a a
1 1 1
a 1
a b c cubing on both sides
3 3 3
2 a a 1
1 1 1 1 
a  b  3a 3 b 3 (a 3  b 3 )  c 1 2
1 1 1
a
 a  b  c  3a 3b 3 c 3 3 3
(4  15) 2  (4  15) 2

3 62) 3 3
(a b c)  27abc (6  35) 2  (6  35) 2

3 3
1 2 1 2
 5 3  5 3
57) x  333 33 x 3  33 33 cubing on both    
 2   2 
3 2 
sides x 9x 27x27 129x27
3 3
 7 5  7 5
    
 x 3  9 x 2  18 x  12  0  2   2 
3 3 3 3


58) 2  3  
2
 2 3  2
 2 3    2 3  
2( 5)3  6 5  3
2( 5)3  6  7  5
3 3
1   1  10 5  18 5 28 5 7
 42 3   42 3    =
2   2  10 5  42 5 52 5 13
3 3
63) By verification Take a=1, b=4, c=9, d=16.
 1   1 
 2

 3 1   
  2
  3 1 

 64) a 2  ab  bc  ca   a  b  a  c 
b 2  ab  bc  ca   b  a  b  c 
1

2 2

 3 3 3 3  3 6  c 2  ab  bc  ca   c  a  c  b 

9 5 3 5  Req product   a  b  b  c  c  a  which is

59) 73 5   
2 2 2 a natural number since a, b, c  N
25  7 5 7 65) log(5  24 )  2 log( x  y ) ; then
16  5 7   
2 2 2
 5  24  ( x  y ) 2
5 3 5  x  y  2 xy  5  2 6  x  3, y  2
 
2 2 2 3
Req.value   is a rational no.
7 5 7 5 66) x  3 a  a2 b3  3 a  a2 b3
 
2 2 2
cubing on both sides
3 1 x 1 x
60) If x  then  x 3  a  a 2  b3  a  a 2  b3 
2 1  1  x 1  1 x
3 3 ( a  a 2  b 3 )( a  a 2  b 3 ) (x)
2 3 2 3 (2  3)(3  3)  (2  3)(3  3)
 
3 3 3 3 (3  3)(3  3)

 x3  2a  3 3 a2  a2  b3 (x) 
2 3 1
  x3  2a  3bx  x3  3bx  2a
6 3
67) If x  3 2  3 4 then x3  6x 
1 1  x2  1
61) If x  a  then
2 a x  x2  1 x  3 2  3 4 cubing
a 1 ( a  1) 2 ( a  1) 2 x 3  2  3( x.3 2)( 3 4 )  4
x ; x2  2

2 a (2 a ) 4a
2
 x3  6x  6
(a  1) (a  1) 2 a 1
x2  1  1   x2 1  68)
4a 4a 2 a a  x  b  x  a  b  2x

12 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL- I SURDS

S.O.B.S
a  a  2b  a  2b 
a xb x2  a  x  b  x   a  b  2 x  x
2b

 a  x  b  x   0  2bx  a 2  a  2b a  2b 
x   a, x  b  4b 2 x 2  a2  4bxa  a2  2ba  2ba  4b2

1 3

 4b bx 2  ax  b  0 
69) If x 2  4 x  1  0 then x  3 
x
74) b  1  1  b  1
4  16  4
x  2 3
2 2
2ab a b 1
1 1 1 1 ax  a 2  2  a  x  a  b 1
1 b 1 b 1
x 4, x3  3
 ( x  )3  3x ( x  )
x x x x x 2
2ab a  b  1
= (4)  3(4)  52
3
ax a 2 
b 1 b2  1
70) The real values of x which satisfy the equation
2 2
(5  2 6) x 3  (5  2 6) x 3  10 are a  x  a  x b 1  b 1
 
2 k 2 k a  x  a  x b  1  b 1
(a  b ) x  (a  b ) x  2a

then x   k  1, if a 2  b  1  b  1  1  b 
= b  1  1  b   1  b  1 = b
k=3,  x   3  1  2,  2    
2 x 75) x 2  26 x  120  0
71) If x  5 2 6 and cos   then
x 1   x  6  x  20   0
tan 2   cos 2  
Since x1  x2  x1  6, x2  20
2 x 2 5  2 6 2( 3  2)
cos    
x 1 42 6 42 6  x1  x2  6  26  6  2 5  5  1
2( 3  2 ) 1 
    (a  b)2  4ab (a  b)
2 2 ( 2  3) 2 4 76) x2  4  
ab ab
1 3
tan    cos 2   1  
2 2 1  1 
77) Tan 5 2  3 2  
72) If a  x  x 2  1 then x =  2  1

a  x  x 2  1 squaring (a  x)  x  1
2 2 
 Tan 1  
2 1 
8
 a 2  2ax  x 2  x 2  1
a2 1 1 1
78) x  a sin 3 , y  a cos3 
2
 a  1  2ax  x   (a  )
2a 2 a

a  2b  a  2b **********
73) x 
a  2b  a  2b
Rationalising the denominator
2a  2  a  2b  a  2b 
x
4b

PINEGROVE 13
 LOGARITHMS JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I

LOGARITHMS
 LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION :
SYNOPSIS
Let y = log a x ;0 < a <1 ; or a>1.
 Let a, b be two positive real numbers and a  1 . y=x
The real number x such that a x  b is called x
y=a,a>1
(0, 1)
y = loga x; a>1
logarithm of b to the base a . It is denoted by (1, 0)

log a b .
 If a is positive real number and a  1 , then
log a a =1. eg: log2 2 1, log 5 5 1 y=x
 If a is positive real number and a  1 , then
y = ax;0 < a<1
log a 1  0 .
 If a, m are positive real numbers and a  1 , then (1, 0)

log 3 log x
a log a m  m . eg: 2 2  3,5 5  x y = loga x; O < a < 1
 If a, m, n are positive real numbers and a  1 ,
then log a  mn   log a m  log a n . i) Domain   0,    R 
eg: logn!1logn! 2logn! 3.... logn! n ii) Range = R,
iii) Monotonic function
 logn! 1.2.3.....n  logn! n! 1
iv) continuous function in the interval  0,  
 If a, m, n are positive real numbers and a  1 ,
v) y = loga x is mirror image of y  a x with
m
then log a    log a m  log a n respect to y = x.
n vi) x = 0( y - axis) is a vertical asymptote to
2 5 2 the function y = log a x
eg: lo g 3  5   lo g 3  3   log 3  3 
     
vii) Graph intersects x -axis at (1,0)
 If a, m are positive real numbers a  1 , n is real
log a x  0 has only one solution
number, then log a  m n   n log a m .
viii) y  log a x, x  a y are mutually inverse
eg: log2 8  log2  2   3log2 2  3
3
functions
 If a, b, m are positive real numbers a  1 , b  1 , ix) If a > 1; the logarithmic function
y = log a x is an increasing function
then log a m  log b m log a b .
x) If 0 < a < 1; the logarathmic function
eg: log3 2.log2 9  log3 9  log3  32   2log3 3  2 y = log a x is a decreasing function.
1  Graph of function y  f  x  loga | x | here D =
 log b a 
log a b . R  0 this graph is symmetrical about y- axis
log b m log m For a  1 graph is
 log a m  
log b a log a y

n 4
 log ab  m n   log a m . eg: log8 81  log2 3 (–1, 0) (1, 0)
b 3 0
x

 alog x b  blog x a

14 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I LOGARITHMS

For 0  a  1 graph is  i) a  1; x  1; x  a  0  log a x  1

y
ii) a  1; x  1; x  a  log a x  1
iii) 0  a  1; 0  x  1; x  a  log a x  1
(–1, 0) (1, 0)
x
iv) 0  a  1; 0  x  1; x  a  0  log a x  1
0
 TYPES OF LOGARITHMS:
i) logarithms definedto the base ‘10’ are called
common logarithms (or) Brigg`s logarithm.
ii) logarithms defined to the base ‘e’ are called
 i) If a >1 then loga N is an increasing function. Natural logarithms or Napier logarithms
i.e if N   then loga N  Note: i) loge 10  2.303  2.3
ii) 1 1
log10 e    0.43429448....
loge 10 2.30258509
= 0.43
log aN iii) n  R ; log10 n   loge n   0.43
 i) Common logarithm is the sum of two parts.
Common logarithm = integral part + decimal part
0 (1, 0) = Characteristic + mantissa
ii) Characteristic is the positive or negative integral
power of 10
ii) a  1 ; 0  x1  x2  log a x1  log a x2 iii) Mantissa is a non negative decimal fraction
Note: i) If a  1; log a x    0  x  a  iv) The characteristic of common logarithm of a
number greater than unity and with only one digit in
ii) If a  1;log a x    x  a its integral part is zero.
 i) If 0  a  1 then loga N is decreasing function.  i) the characteristic of the logarithm of a number
N, with ‘n’ digits in its integral part is (n-1).
That is as N   then loga N  ii) The characteristic of the common logarithm of a
decimal fraction N with ‘n’ zeros imme
diately following the decimal point is - (n+1)
iii) The mantissa is the same for the logarithm of all
numbers which have the same significant figures.
iv) If two numbers N and M are so related that
(1, 0) N  M  10 p where ‘p’ is any integer, positive or
0 negative, the logarithms have the same mantissa
log aN
 If a, b, c are in G.P and x > 0 then
i) log x a, log x b, log x c are in A.P
ii) If 0  a  1; 0  x1  x2  log a x1  log a x2 ii) log a x, log b x, log c x are in H.P..

Note: i) If 0  a  1 , log a x    0  x  a  If a, b are relatively prime then log b a is irrational.

ii) if 0  a  1 ; log a x    x  a
Explanation: If possible suppose that log ba is rational
LOGARITHMIC INEQUALITIES p
 log ba  ( p,q,  z )
 i) 0  a  1; 0  x  1  log a x  0 q
p
ii) a  1, x  1  log a x  0
 a  b q  aq  b p
iii) 0  a  1; x  1  log a x  0 which is a contradiction
iv) a  1; 0  x  1  log a x  0 a
 if a,b are relatively prime then log b is irrational

PINEGROVE 15
 LOGARITHMS JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I

 The least value of log b a  log a b is 2 where W.E-4:If 3x  4 x1 , then x is equal to (ADV- 2013)
log b a  0 2 log 3 2 2
A. 2 log 2  1 B. 2 log 3
x2 x3 x4 x5 3 2
 i) log 1  x   x      ....... ,
2 3 4 5
1 2 log 2 3
1 x 1 C. 1  log 3 D. 2 log 3  1
4 2
 x2 x3 x4 x5 
ii) lo g 1  x     x  2

3

4

5
 ....  , Ans. A,B
 
1 x 1 Sol. 3x  4 x1 , taking log 3 on both sides
1 x   x3 x5   x log 33   x  1 log34  x  2 log 32 x  log 34
iii) log  1  x   2  x  3

5
 .............  , x 1
 
2 log 32
1 1 1  x 1  2 log 32   2log 32  x 
   2 log 32  1
W.E-1: log n 1    log n 1    log n 1   
2  3 4    
W.E-5:The value of
 1   1 
...  log n  1    log n  1   
1 1 1 1

 n2  n 1  6  log 3/ 2  4 4 4 ........  is
3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 
Ans: 1  log 2n  
(ADV- 2012)
3 4 5 Ans. 4
Sol. Given sum  log n  log n  log n 
2 3 4
1 1
n 1 n Sol. Let 4  4 ...  y
....  log n  log n 3 2 3 2
n2 n 1
n 1 1
 log n  log n n  log n 2  1  log n 2 . y  4 y  y2  y40
2 3 2 3 2

1  3 2 y 2  y  12 2  0
log 7 5 1
W.E-2: 3 5  = 1  17 8
 log10  0.1 y  or y 
6 2 3 2
Ans: 2 Now, required value is
Sol. We have 5log5 7  7 and
 1   1 8 
6  log 3  y   6  log 3  . 
1 2 3 2  2 3 2 3 2 
log10  log10 10 1   log10 10  1
10 2
 4 3
 6  log 3    6  log 3  
7 1 1 2 9 2 2
 3 5log5   3 7  382
 log10 1 /10 1
3
 6  2.log 3    4
2 2
W.E-3:The value of 3 log34 log34 is
4
Ans: 0 W.E-6: Let a = log 3 log 3 2 . An integer K satisfying
  k 3 
a

Sol.
log 34
1 2  2 is
log 34 log34
3 3 Ans:1
1
log34 Sol. a  log 3 log 3 2  3a  log 3 2
 3   log34 log 34 =  4  x
 a loga  x 
1
log34 log34
 3 a   log 2 3
3 4 0 log 3 2

16 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I LOGARITHMS

now 2 k 3 a  2 k  log23  2 k.2log23 hence n  m

2
C. m  1  log10 2 1  log10 2   1   log10 2 
 2 .3  a
k
 log a x
x 
and n=1
therefore the inequality 1  2  k 3   2
a
2
m   log10 2  log10 5   1
k 1 k m  n
reduces to 1  2 .3  2   2  2 / 3
3
D. m  log 2 3; n  log 3 2  m  n
3 k
or by taking receiprocals to  2  3 W.E-10: Let f(a,b)=
2
the only integral value of k which satisfies this double  b a 
 log a 4 ab  log b 4 ab  log a 4  log b 4  log a b
 a b
inequality is k =1. 2  

W.E-7: The number N=6 log10 2+log1031, lies between then answer the following questions.
two successive integers whose sum is equal to i. If 1  a  b then f(a,b) equals to
Ans: 7 Ans: 2
Sol. N  log10 64  log10 31  log10 1984 ii) If 1  b  a then f(a,b) equals
3  N  4 . Ans: 2logba
W.E-8:Given that log  2  0.3010......, number of  3
iii) The value of f(2,3) + f  2,  equals
digits in the number 2000 2000 is  2
Ans: 6603 7
Sol. Let x  20002000 Ans:
2
log x  2000.log10  2000  2000  log10 2  3 Sol. First we simplify log a 4 ab  log b 4 ab
= 2000  3.3010   6602
1 1
 number of digits = 6603 log a 4 ab  log b 4 ab  log a ab  log b ab
4 4
W.E-9:In which of the following case(s) the real
number ‘m’ is greater than the real number ‘n’? 1
  log a a  log a b  log b a  log b b
2 4
A. m   log 2 5  and n  log 2 20
B. m  log10 2 and n  log10 3 10 1 1 
 log a b   2
2
4 log a b 
C. m  log10 5.log10 20   log10 2  and n =1
2
1 1 1  1 
D. m  log1/ 2   and n  log1/ 3  
3 2

2

  
log a b    log a b  0 
log a b 

Ans: A,D
2
Sol. A. m  n   log 2 5    log 2 5  2 1 1 
  log a b   ..... 1
2  log a b 
let log 2 5  x
similarly
m  n  x 2  x  2   x  2  x  1
b a 1 b a
=  log 2 5  2  log 2 5  1  0 log a 4  log b 4   log a  log b 
a b 4 a b
hence m  n
1 1
B. m  log10 2  0.3010 ; n   0.333......;  log a b  1  log b a  1
3 2

PINEGROVE 17
 LOGARITHMS JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I

W.E-11:The values of x for which ,the function

1 1
 log a b  2 log 3  x 2  2x  3 is defined is
2 log a b
Ans:  , 1   3,  
2
1  1  Sol. log 3  x 2  2x  3 is defined when
   log a b     log a b  0 
2  log b 
 a  x 2  2x  3  0   x  3 x  1  0

1 1  + +
  log a b   ....(2)
2 log a b  –1 3
 
subtracting (2) from (1) , we get
(By sign rule)  x   , 1   3,  
s= log a 4 ab  logb 4 ab  log a 4 b / a  logb 4 a / b
W.E-12: The value of x, where the logarithm
1  1 1 
function log x22x4  3 defined is
  log a b   log a b  
2  log a b log a b 
Ans: 
i) If 1  a  b then Sol. Here the base is  x 2  2x  4
log a 1  log a a  log a b  0  1  log a b i.e Now  x 2  2x  4    x 2  2x  4 
log a b  1 , Then  2

   x  1  3  0x  R Hence there is no
value of x for which base >0 and base  1. Thus
1 1 1  no value of x exists.
s   log a b   log a b  
2  log a b log a b  W.E-13:Solution of the equation
log 2  x  1  log 2  x  2   2
1 2  1  1 1  Ans: 2
    x   x  ifx  1
 
2  log a b  log a b  x x  Sol. x-1>0 & x+2>0
We use the logarithm of a product,we get
 f(a,b) = 2s. loga b
2. log 2  x  1 x  2   2
ii) If 1<b<a then
  x  1 x  2   22  4
log a 1  log a b  log a a  0  log a b  1
x 2  x  6  0   x  3 x  2   0 ; x  3, 2 .
1  1 1 
s   log a b   log a b   Hence, x=2 is the solution. (By using number line)
2  log a b log a b 
W.E-14: Solution of the equation
 1 1  log x  4  x 2  1  log x  4  5  x  is
 x  x  x  x if 0  x  1
  Ans: 2

s  log a b x   1  5  x
 2
x  1  0
 f  a, b   2s log a b
 2loga b . 
5  x  0
Sol.  x  4  0 ...(2)
 3 log 2 3/ 2 3 
iii) f(2,3) + f  2,   2  2  2  7 / 2.
 x  4  1
 2 2

18 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I LOGARITHMS

Solving the equation, entering system(2), we get: lo g 2 x

( x1 / 2 )
x1  2, x 2  3 . Of these two values only x=2 x
satisfies the rest of the conditions of system (2).
 1 
Thus, x=2 is a root of equation (1).  x 2log x 2x  4..  log a n x  log a x 
 n 
W.E-15:Solution of the equation 2
2
2 3
log 0.5x x  14 log16x x  4 log 4x x  0 is  x logx  2x   4   2x   4

1  4x 2  4  x 2  1  x  1 .
Ans: x  ,1, 4 But neither -1 or 1 lie in the domain of the variable
2 of the original equation.
log x x 2 log x x 3 4 log x x W.E-17:Suppose that log10  x  2   log10 y  0
 14  0
Sol. log x log x 16x log x 4x
x
2 and x  y  2  x  y . Then the value
of (x+y) is
2 3 2
 14  0 Ans: 2  2 2
1 y 1  4y 1  2y
Sol. First equation reduces to
where y= logx 2 1
on simplification it reduces to the quadratic y  x  2   1  x   2... 1
y
equation.
Now, x  y  2  x  y,
2y 2  3y  2  0  2y 2  4y  y  2  0
on squaring both sides, we get
 2y  y  2   1 y  2   0
x  y  2  2 x  y  2  x  y
1
  2y  1 y  2   0  y  or y  2
2  1  x  y  2   x  y  2   1..  2 
1 Put value of x from (1) and (2), we get
 log x 2  or log x 2  2
2 1  2
  2   y  2   1  1   2y  4  1
 2  x1/ 2 or 2  x 2 y  y

1 2 44
 x  4 or x  21/2   y 2  2y  1  0  y 
2 2
Hence, the original equation has three roots y  1  2 ...(3)
1 rejecting y=1 - 2 since it is negative
x ,1, 4
2  y =1 + 2 using (3) in (1) x= 1+ 2
log x 2x x  y  2  2 2
W.E-16:Solution of the equation x 4.is
W.E-18:The number of solutions of
Ans: 
Sol. The equation is valid if base>0 and base  1 and log   x   log x 2 is
2x>0. Ans: 2
that is, x>0 and x  1 Sol. Since the equation can be satisfied only for x<0
Therefore the equation is meaningful for x>0,
hence x 2  x   x ;  log   x   log   x 
x  1 or x   0,    1
2
Now we solve the equation x log 2x  log   x   log   x  
x
4
 log   x  1  log   x    0

PINEGROVE 19
 LOGARITHMS JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I

if log (-x) =0   x  1  x  1 
x   2n  1 , and x  n where n  Z
if log10   x   1 then  x  10  x  10 . 2
The given inequality can be written as
W.E-19: Solution of the inequality
log 2  x 2  8x  23 3
log  x 1  x  2x   0 is
2

log 2 sin x log 2 sin x


Ans: 1  2, 0  1  2,     As log 2 sin x  0 , we get
Sol. Case(i): By the property note(i),
2
log 2  x 2  8x  23  3
0  x  2x  1and 0  x  1  1
 x 2  8x  23  23  8  x 2  8x  15  0
 x  x  2   0 and
  x  5 x  3  0  3  x  5
x 2  2x  1  0and x  1  0
 3
 x  x  2   0 and x 2  2x  1  0 and x  1 For x   3,5  , x  , ,
2 2
and x<0
 3
   3
we put all the cases on real line Hence x   3,     , 2    2 ,5 
   
EXERCISE - I
SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS
–1 1  2 0 2 1 2
1. If loga 3  2,logb 8  3 then logba
(A) log3 2 (B) log2 3 (C) log3 4 (D) log4 3

 x  1  2, 0  2. If a, b, c a re distinct positive number different
Case(ii) : x 2  2x  1 and x  1  1
from 1 such that  log a.log a  log a  0 then
b c a
 x 2  2x  1  0 and x  0
abc =
–  (A) 0 (B) e (C) 1 (D) e 2
1 2 1 2 3. The value of log4 2log8 2log16 2................. is
(A) e 2 (B) ln 2  1 (C) ln 2  1 (D) 1  ln 2

 x  1  2,   4. The sum of the series
Thus the values of x satisfying given inequality are 1 1 1 1
   ......................... 
log42 log4 4 log8 4 log2n 4 is

given by 1  2, 0  1  2,  .   
n  n  1 n  n  1 2n  1
W.E-20:The solution set of (A) (B)
2 12

log sin x  x 2  8x  23  log 3sin x contains 1

(C) n  n  1 (D)
n  n  1
2 4
 3   3     x  x
Ans:  3,     , 2    2 ,5  5. The sum of series log  cos 2   log  cos 22 
       
Sol.  x  x  x
 log  cos 3   ..........  log  cos n   log  sin n 
The given inequaity will be valid when  2   2   2 
x 2  8x  23  0 and sin x  0,1 is equal to
Now it is obvious that  1   1 
(A)  n  sin x (B) log  n sin x 
2 2  2 
x 2  8x  23   x  4   7  0
1 1
for all real numbers. Again for second one (C) cos x (D) logsin x 
2n 2n
20 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I LOGARITHMS

6. log 2 7 is  x  7
17. If log3 2,log3  2  5 ,log3  2  2  are in A.P then the
x

A)an integer B)a rational number  

C)an irrational number D)a prime number value of x is
7. The value of log20 3 lies in (A) 1,4 (B) 2,3 (C) 5,6 (D) 5,7
1 1 1 1 1 3  3 4 18. If 2log x a  log ax a  3log a x a  0 then x = 2

(A)  ,  (B)  ,  (C)  ,  (D)  , 

 4 3 3 2  2 4 4 5 1 2 4 3
(A) a 3 (B) a 3 (C) a 3 (D) a 4
8. If log10 3  0.4771then the number of digits in 340
19. Solution set of the equation
is
(A) 18 (B) 19 (C) 20 (D) 21
1  log 1 x  log 2 x  2  3  log 1 x  log 2 x is
6 6
9. If x  1, y  1, z  1 are three numbers in G.P
1 1 1 1  1   1
then 1  ln x , 1  ln y , 1  ln z are in A.  ,1 B.  ,   C.  ,  D.R
6  6   6
(A) A.P (B) H.P (C) G.P (D) A.G.P
20. The number of pairs  x, y  satisfying the
2
10. If the roots of the equation x  4x  log2 a  0
are real then equations log y x  logx y  2 and x2  20  y is
1 1 1 1 (A) Infinite (B) 2 (C) 0 (D) 1
(A) a  (B) a  (C) a  (D) a  21. If log 0.1  x  2   log 0.01  x  2  then the range of x
2 8 16 4
11. The least value of 2log100 aloga 0.0001,a 1 is (A) 2  x  3 (B) 4  x  6
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 1 (C) 3  x  5 (D) 0.01  x  0.1
12. For i= 1 to 6, let log a  log b  log c xi    0 , where 22. The solution set of log 2 4  5 x  2 is
a,b and c represent every possible different
8  4 8
arrangement of 2,4 and 8. The product (A)  ,   (B)  , 
5  5 5
x1 x2 x3 x4 x6 can be expressed in the form 2 N .
The value of N is 8   8
(C)  ,0    ,   (D)  0, 
A.20 B.28 C.33 D.50 5   5  
13. If x  2 then the value of 23. In triangle ABC log cos A
then A belongs to
0.1  1
2
x 
  2log 4  4 x  is
4
log 4    1  1   1 1 
 4  (A)  2 ,cos  10   (B)  cos  10  , 2 
      
(A) 2 (B) -4 (C) -6 (D) 8
14. If log 3  x  x  x  1  log 3  x  1
3 2   
(C) R (D)  ,0 
 2 
 log 3  x  1  2 then the value of x
(A) 1 (B) -1 (C) 10 (D) 5 ONE OR MORE THAN ONE ANSWER
15. The solution of the equation 24. If f  x   log10  3 x 2  4 x  5  , then
1
log x  1  log  2 x  15  1 is (A) Domain of f is R
2
3 23 15   11  
(A) (B) (C) 5 (D) (B) Range of f is log10  3  ,  
2 2 2    
x
 4  0 then x is equal to (C) f is defined in  0,  
16. If log 2 x.log 2
16
  11  
1 (D) range of f is  ,log10  3 
(A) 4 (B) -4 (C) (D) 2   
4

PINEGROVE 21
 LOGARITHMS JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I

25. If
log x log y log z
  , then which of the
INTEGER QUESTIONS
bc ca a b
following are true? 1 






log 2
 

4 
 
 

(A) xyz  1 (B) x a y b z c  1 1 
 1 
33. 5 5  log  3  7   log 
 

(C) xb  c y c  a z a b  1 (D) xyz  x a y b z c 2 1  10  2 21 
26. The correct statement of the following is/are 2
A. log 3 19.log1/ 7 3.log 4 1/ 7  2   811/log5 9  33/log 6 3   2/log 25 7

B. log5 1/ 23 lies between -2 & -1
34.  409

   7  125
log 25 6


 
C. log10 cos ec 1600  is positive 35. Let 3a  4, 4b  5, 5c  6, 6 d  7, 7 c  8 and

  8 f  9 . The value of the product (abcdef) is

D. log 5 sin  5  .log sin 
5 simplifies to an 36. If a,b,c are positive real numbers such that
5
log 7 log7 11 log 25
irrational number. a 3  27 : b  49 and c 11  11 .
27. Consider the quadratic equation The middle digit in the value of
1
 log10 8  x 2
  log10 5  x  2  log 2 10   x.   log3 7 2  log7 11
2

2
log11 25 
a b c  equals to
Which of the following quantities are irrational.  
A. sum of the roots B.product of the roots 37. The value of x satisfying the equation
C.sum of the coefficients D.discriminant
2 62 x  4   33 x  2 x 8  is
28. If x log x  6 log x 11  64 then x is equal to
2 2

(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 8 (D) 16 38. The number of solutions of the equation
10 x 2 1
29. A solution of the system of equations x2  x2
3x
is
x y x y
x y and x.y  1

(A) 1,1 (B) 1, 3 3


 
39. If log x log 4 log x  5 x  4 x   0 then the
2 3

value of x is
 1   1  40. The number of solutions of
3
(C)  3  (D)  3 , 3 
 9,1   9 
log2  2x2   log2 x.x

logx 1log2 x   1 log2
2
4 x 
4

30. A solution of the inequality log 0.2  x 2  4   1

satisfies  
3log 1 log 2X
is
2
2 1
(A) 1  x  2 (B) 2  x  3 41. If the product of all solutions of the equation
(C) 3  x  4 (D) 1  x  3  2009  x  2009 log x  2010
  can be expressed
31. The solution set of the inequality log 2 x 3 x 2  1 2010
m
contains in the lowest form as then the value of
n
 3 
(A)  0,1 (B)  , 1 (C)  1,0  (D)  0,3  m  n  is
 2 
42. It is known that x  9 is a root of the equation
32. If log x  6 x  1  log x  2 x  , then x belongs to
8ax
log  x 2  15a 2   log  a  2   log
. If
1 1 1  a2
(A)  ,  (B)  ,  
6 4 6  m is the sum of other root(s) of this equation
then sum of digits of m is
1 
(C) 1,   (D)  ,  
8 

22 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I LOGARITHMS

43.The number of integral solution of the equation,  log a log a log a 

2.   log b . log c  log a   0
4 log x / 2  x   2 log  x   3log  x  is
4x
2
2x
3
 

PASSAGES   log a 

3
 log a.log b.log c   0

Passage-1 3 3 3
  log a    log b    log c   3log a.log b.loc  0
The equation of the form
 log a  log b  log c  0
n n 1
a0  log a x   a1  log a x   ....  an  0  log abc  log1
 abc  1
can be solved by letting t  log a x. Now the
3. log 24  log82  log16
2
.........
equation reduces to a0t n  a1t n 1  .....  an  0
44. The number of solutions of 1 1 1
 log 22  log 22  log 22 ..................
3 2
2 3 4
 log x 5   log x 5  3log x 5  0 is
1 1 1
A.3 B.2 C.0 D.infinite    ........................
2 3 4
45. The solution set of
 1 1 1 
log x  2 log 2 x  log1/ 2 x  9 is  1  1    ............
2  2 3 4 
A. 4 B. 8 C. 8,16 D.   1  ln 2
2  1 1 1 
46. The solution set of  log 5 x   log 5 x  5 / x   1 is  ln 2  1  2  3  4  ...........
 
A. 1,5 B. 1,1/ 25 4. From given expression we get
C. 1,5,1/ 25 D. 1,5,1/ 25,1/125
n
log 24  log 44  log 84  ...................  log 24
EXERCISE - I - KEY log 2 2  21  2 2..............2 n 
SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS
1.C 2.C 3.D 4.D 5.B 6.C 1  2  3  ....................n n  n  1

2

4
log 2
2  1
7.B 8.C 9.B 10.C 11.C 12.D
5. Given expression is
13.C 14.C 15.C 16.A 17.B 18.C
19.A 20.D 21.A 22.C 23.B x x
log cos  log cos 2  ..........
ONE OR MORE THAN ONE ANSWER 2 2
24.ABC 25.ABCD 26.ABC x x
 log cos n
 log sin n  log 2n  log 2n
27.CD 28.ABC 29.AD 30.B 2 2
31.BCD 32.AC by adding and subtractiong log 2n
INTEGER QUESTIONS  sin x 
logsin x  log 2n  log  n 
33.6 34.1 35.2 36.6 37.4 38.2  2 
39.5 40.0 41.1 42.6 43.2
m
PASSAGE QUESTIONS 6. Let log 2 7 be a rational number equal to
, where
n
44.B 45.B 46.C
m, n  N and they do not have a common factor..
EXERCISE - I - HINTS Then ,
SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS m
1 log 2 7   7  2m / n  7 n  2m
1. log 3a  2  3  a 2  a  3 2 n
Clearly, this is impossible , because 7 n is an odd
log b 8  3  8  b3  b  2
natural number and 2m is an natural number..
log a b  log 31/2 2  log 3 4

PINEGROVE 23
 LOGARITHMS JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I

Hence, log 2 7 is an irrational number.. 16. By verification x = 4 satisfies given equation

17. Use 2b  a  c we get
7. We know that 32  20  33
 7
2
2log 33  log 320  3log 33  2  log 320  3  t  5 2  t   ; t 2  10t  25  2t  7
 2
1 1 2
t  12t  32  0;  t  4  t  8   0
 log 320 
2 3 t  4 or 8
8. Let y  340
If t  4 2 x  4  x  2
y 3
log  40log  40  0.4771  4  4.771  19.084
10 10
If t  8 2 x  8  x  3
Here cha=19  number of digits = 20
9. As x,y,z are in GP  lnx, lny, lnz are in AP 18. Put loga x  P
 1+lnx. 1+lny, 1+lnz are in AP 2 1 3 2

1 1 1 G.E p  1  p  2  p  0  6 p  11 p  4  0
, ,
1  ln x 1  ln y 1  ln z are in HP 1 4
2 a
p .
10. G.E x  4 x  log  0 2
2 3
All roots are real b  0 1 1 1

If p   loga x   x  a 2
16  4 log 2 a  0; 4  log 2 a  0 2 2
4
log 2 a  4; a  24  a  1/16 1 4
xa3
If p   log a x 
2 3 3
 1 
11. 2log100 a  log a    2 log100 a  log a 100  4 19. Let a  1  log 1 x and b   log 2 x and c  2
 100  6
12. log a (log b (log c xi ))  0 then given equation reduces to
 xi  c b for i  1, 2,3, 4,5, 6 possible abc  a  b  c  a  b c
arrangement of (a,b,c) are (2,4,8), (2,8,4) , (4,2,8), (since c>0)
This equality take place when a,b,c all have same
(4,8,2),(8,2,4), therefore xi  84  212
sign, since c>0 therefore we must have a  0 and
x2  48  216, x3 82  26, x4  28, x3  42  24, x6  24 b  0  1  log 1 x  0 and  log 2 x  0
6
 x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 = 2121668 4 4
1
= 250  N  50  log 1 x  1 and x  20  x  and x  1
6 6
13. By substuting x = -2, the given expression value
becomes -6 1 
 x   ,1
14. G.E 6 
log 3  x  1  x 2  1  log 3  x  1  log 3  x  1  2 logy x  logx y  2  x  y
20.
  x  1  x 2  1  x, y 1
log 3  2 substitute the value y= x in the equation
  x  1 x  1 
x 2  20  y  x 2  x  20  0
log 3  x  1  2  x  10  x  5 x  4   0  x  5  x  4  y5
15. Given equation is possible when existing number of pairs.
x  1  0, 2 x  15  0 21.
on simplification given equation becomes 2log 0.1  x  2   log 0.1  x  2 
2
 x  1 2 x  15  10  x  2    x  2    x  2   x  2  1  0
23  x  2  x  3  0 ; 2  x  3
Which gives x = 5, x  possible solution is 22. From the given inequality we get
2
x=5 4  5x  4  5x  4  4
24 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I LOGARITHMS

 either 5 x  4  4 or 5 x  4  4 2 log10 2 2
8 product =  3log 2   3
 either x  0 or x  10
5 sum of coefficient = 2log10 2
1 2
23. Given inequality ; log 0.1 cos A  1  cos A  discriminant = 25  log10 2 
10
( logarithmic function is decreasing) 28. Put log2 x  y
1 2
A  cos 1 x  2y , 2y
36 y 11 y 3 2
10  26 ; y  6 y  11 y  6  0
ONE OR MORE THAN ONE ANSWER y  1, y  2, y  3 ; x  2, x  4, x  8
29. Given equations
24. Given f  x   log10  3 x 2  4 x  5  , here f  x  is
x x  y  y x  y ....................(1)
defined 3x 2  4 x  5  0 1
x.y  1  y  ........(2)
Which is true for every x  R x
Domain of f  x  is R Apply log on both sides; log x x  y  log y x  y
also f is defined in  0,    x  y  log x   x  y  log y ...............(3)
To find range of f ;- 1 1 1

y  yx 2 ; log y  log x .....(4)
Let f  x   y 1 2
x2
11 Solving (3) and (4)
log10  3 x 2  4 x  5   y ,  10 
y

3 We get solution of system of equations

 11   11   1 13 
 y log 10  log    y  log10   as 1,1 ,  3 , 3 
3 3  9 
  11   30. Given inequality log 0.2  x 2  4   1
Range of f  x  is log10   ,  
 3  again x 2  4  0  x  2.........(2)
log x log y log z
  ; log x  k  b  c  1
 x 2  4   0.2   x 2  4  5
25. b  c c  a a  b
log y  k  c  a  ; log z  k  a  b   x 2  9  0  x   3,3  x  3..............(1)
T  xyz From (1) and (2) we get options B and D
let log T  log x  log y  log z
3 x 2  4 x   5  10 y   0
substituting the above values we get T=1
 xyz  1 2  3.10 y  11
x  3.10 y  11  0
similarly we can prove the other results. 6
26 A) log 4 19 31. log2x3 x2 1
(since log 4 16  2 hence log 4 19  2 x 2  0  x   ,0    0,   ........(1)
B) log5 1/ 5  1 and log 5 1/ 25  2 2 x  3  1  x  1........................(2)
so log5 1/ 23 lies between -1 and -2 case: A: If 0  2 x  3  1
3
C) since sin160 0  1  cos ec 1600  1 i.e
2
 x  1 then....................(3)
Hence number and base on same side of unity
log 2 x 3 x 2  1  x 2  2 x  3 or
27. Quadratic equation
x 2  2 x  3  0i.e  x  3 x  1  0
 3log10 2  x 2   log10 5  1 x  2 log10 2  0 ...........(4)
 x   , 1   3,  
log10 5  1 log10 10  log10 2  1 1
sum   
3log10 2 3log10 2 3

PINEGROVE 25
 LOGARITHMS JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I

 3  36 T1  a (log3 7)(log3 7)  27 log3 7  33log3 7  343

from (1) and (2) (3) (4); x   , 1
 2 
T2  b
log711log711  49log711  72log7 11  121
Case B: If 2 x  3  1 1
log 25 log11 25 log11 25 log11 25
 x  1.......................(5) T3  c
11
  11   112 5
2 2
log 2 x3 x  1  x  2 x  3 or  sum = T 1  T2  T3  4 6 9
2
x  2 x  3  0 or  x  3 x  1  0 ............(6)
37. 62 x  4  33 x  2   6 x 8 2x
 6 4  27 x  2 x  28
 x   1,3
x4
From (1),(2),(5) and (6); x   1,0    0,3 38. x2
10 x 2 1
 x2
3x

 3 
Hence x    ,  1     1, 0    0, 3 
2
10 x 2  1  3x  or  x  2  0
 
32. Discuss the cases 0  x  1 , x > 1 and removing 10 x 2  3 x  1  0   5 x  1 2 x  1
logarithems using definition. 1 1
log x  6 x  1  log x  2 x  x , x   or  x  2  0  x  2
5 2
1
6 x  1  0, 2 x  0 ; x  , x  0  
39. We have, log x log 4 log x  5 x  4 x   0
2 3

6
Case:1 
 log 4 log x  5 x 2  4 x3   x 0 
x
1  log x  5 x 2  4 x 3   41
x  1  6x 1  2x  4x  1 4
 x 2  x 2  4 x  5   0  x 2  x  5 x  1  0
 x  5  x  0 and x  0
– 0 1 1 1 
6 4
40. y 3  3 y 2  3 y  1  1 where y  log 2 x
 y  y 2  3 y  3  0
 x  1 ; x  1,   
Case:2  y  0 or y 2  3 y  3  0  x  1 (rejected);
1 y 2  3 y  3 has complex roots.
x  1  6x 1  2x  4x  1  x  4 Hence there is no value of x satisfying given
By using number line equation.
1 1
 2009  x  2009 log x  2010
x   ,  ; Options: A,C 41.  
2010
6 4 taking log on both the sides on base x
INTEGER QUESTIONS logx  2009 1logx  2010  logx  2010 .logx  2009
33. log 2
7  3  log 2 10  2 21 logx  2009 1 logx  2010   1 logx  2010   0
log 2 10  2 21  log 2 10  2 21 1  log x  2009   1  log x  2010    0
log216  4 1 2010
x or x  2010, product 
2009 2009
 9  log
2
9 5  33log3 6
25  6 6
34.    m  n  1
409 409
3.1.log6 5 3 x 2  15a 2 8ax
& 7 log 25  5 2  25  6 2  25  6 6 42. log  log ..............(1)
7 a2 a2
625  216  x 2  15a 2  8ax
 R.V= 1
409 or x 2  8ax  15a 2  0 .................(2)
35. 3a  4. a  log 3 4; similarly; b  log 4 5 etc. x x
hence abcdef = 2  x  5a  x  3a   0 ; a  5 or a  3

26 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I LOGARITHMS

9
 x  9 satisfies (1) hence a  5 or a  3
9
but a  is not possible  a  3
5
substituting a= 3 in (2)
x 2  24 x  225  0 ; x  9 or x  15
 other root is x= 15
43. The given equation can be written as
4 log 2 x 2 log 2  x  3log 2  x 
2 3

 
log 2  x / 2  log 2  4 x  log 2  2 x 
1
4. log 2  x  4 log x
2 2  9 log 2  x 
 
log 2 x  1 2  log 2  x  1  log 2  x 
let log 2 x  t
2t 4t 9t
  ( hence either t= 0)
t 1 t  2 t  1
2 4 9
or  
t 1 t  2 t  1
 6t 2  6t  9t 2  9t  18   t  3 t  2   0
hence t  0, t  2, t  3 ; x  1, x  4 ,
x  1/ 8 (rejected  x is not integral value)
2


 t  2  0  t  1  log x  1  x  e
t 1
But x >0  x   0, e 
PASSAGE
44. x  0 , x  1 . Put log x 5  t to obtain
t 3  t 2  6t  0  t  t  t  6   0
2

 t  t  3 t  2   0  t  0, 3, 2
 5  x 0 , x3 , x 2 ; But 5  x 0 is not possible.
45. 2t  2t  t  9 where t  log 2 x
 t  3 or x  8
2 1 t
46 Put log 5 x  t ; t   1  t 2  t3 1 t  1 t
1 t
 t 3  t 2  2t  0
 t  t  1 t  2   0  x  1, 5,1/ 25

********

PINEGROVE 27
 LOGARITHMS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS VOL-I

9. If 1  log 2 1  cos 2 x   log 4 2 then minimum

EXERCISE - II
value of sinx is
SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS 1 1 3 3
(A)(B) 4
4 (C) 4 (D) 4
16 25 81 8 18 18 8
1. 7 log10  5log10  3log10 equals to
15 24 80 10. The solution set of the equation
(A) log10 2 (B) log10 3 (C) log10 5 (D) zero log10  3x 2  12 x  19   log10  3 x  4   1 is
2. If log12 27 a, then log616 (A) a null vector (B) a singleton
(C) a set consisting of exactly two elements
3a 
3 a  4  (D) a set consisting of more than two elements
(A) 4   (B)  3  a  11. Solution of the equation
3a 
3a  3 a  log 3  x 2  3 x  5   log 3  7  2 x  is
(C) 2   (D) 2  
3 a  3a  (A) 4 (B) -3 (C) 5 (D) -2
3. If log 2 3  a , log3 5  b and log 7 2  c , then 12. If 5 xlog7 2  2log7 x  24 then x is
the logarithm of the number 63 to base 140 is (A) 9 (B)4 (C)49 (D)64
1  2ac 1  2ac
(A) (B) 13. If log  2 x  3   6 x 2  23 x  21
2c  abc  1 2c  abc  1
 4  lo g  3 x  7   4 x 2  1 2 x  9 
1  2ac 1  2ac
(C) (D) then the value of 4x is
2c  abc  1 2c  abc  1 (A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 1/ 4
4. If log 2 a  log 4 b  log 4 c  2 , 14. Solution of the equation
log 9 a  log 3 b  log 9 c  2 , log 3 x  4  4 x 2  4 x  1  log 2 x 1  6 x 2  11x  4   4
log16 a  log16 b  log 4 c  2 , then 1 1 3
(A) (B) (C) (D) 1
2 27 32 27 2 32 4 2 4
A. a  , b  , c  B. a  , b  , c  15. The number of solutions of the equation
3 8 3 8 3 3
32 27 2 2 32 27 x 2
 8 x 1 5 
C. a  , b  , c  D. a  , b  , c  x3 x2 1 is
3 8 3 3 3 8
5. If x, y, z are distinct positive numbers each (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 0 (D) 4
different from ‘1’ such that
16. If  x1 , y1  and  x2 , y2  are solutions of the
 log x.log x log x +  log y.log y log y +
y z x x z y system of simultaneous equations
 log z.log z log z =0. Then xyz is
y x z
log8  xy   3log8 x.log8 y
(A)1 (B)0 (C)-1 (D)3  x  log8 x
4log8   
1 1  y  log 8 y
6. If y  a 1log a x and z  a 1loga y then x is equal to
then x1 x2  y1 y2 equals to
1 1 1 1
(A) a (B) a
1 log a z (C) a (D) a
2  log a z 1 log a z 2  log a z
(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 2 (D) 8
2
x  6x  9
7. If log10 2  0.3010,log10 3  0.4771then the number 17. If log1/2   log 2  x  1 then x
2  x  1
of integers in 5 are 200
belongs to the interval
(A) 120 (B) 145 (C) 160 (D) 140
8. If x  log 5 1000 , y  log 7 2058 then 
(A) 1,1  2 2  
(B) 2,1  2 2 
(A) x  y (B) x  y (C) x  y (D) x 2  2 y (C)  1,   (D)  2  2 2,  
28 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS VOL-I LOGARITHMS

18. The solution set of the inequality 25. If log a x   , log b x   , log c x   and
3 
log 3  x 2  2   log 3  x  1 is log d x   , x  1 and a,b,c,d>1
2 
then log abcd x is

(A) 2,  2       
2, 2 (B) 2, 2  3,3           
(A)  (B) 
(C) 1,5 / 4  (D)  2, 2  2  16 16
1 1
19. If log 0.2  x3  8    0.5 log 0.2  x 2  4 x  4   log 0.2  x  58  (C)  1   1   1   1 (D) 
then x is
(A)  0,9 (B) 9,  (C)  9, 0  (D)  , 0  
26. If S  x : log x 3 x , where log 3 x  1 then 
 2x  (A) S is a finite set (B) S  
20. If
log  x2 12 x  30   log 2   0 then x belongs to

10
  5  (C) S   0,  
 

interval
1 
(D) S properly contains  ,  
 
(A) 2,6  6  10,   (B) 2,6  6  10,    3  
2 9

(C)  6 
6  6  10,   (D) 6  6,10   27. If x  1 log x  2 log   x  17 , then
3 x

21. The set of value of x for which (A) x = 81 (B) x = 2

(C) two real solutions of ‘x’ are possible
log 4 x 2 12 x 8 4 x  5  0 is
1
 3 3  (D) x 
3
(A) 1,5/ 4    5/ 4,3/ 2  (B) 1,    , 2 
 2 2  28. It is given that x=9 is a solution of the equation
3 7  8ax 
(C) 1,5 / 4  (D)  ,  ln  x 2  15a 2   ln  a  2   ln   then
 2 4  a2
MORE THAN ONE ANSWER (A) a=3 (B) a=3/5
(C) Other solution is x=3/5
x  y  z  x y  z  x  y  z  x  y  z 
22. If   then (D) Other solution is x=15
log x log y log z
(A) x y y x  y z z y (B) y z z y  x z z x 29. The equation 1  log x 27 log 3 x  1  0 has

(C) x z z y  y z z x (D) x y y x  z x x z A. no integral solution B. one irrational solution

C. two real solutions D. no prime solution
log 2 x log 2 y log 2 z 30. Solution to the inequality
23. If   and x 3 y 2 z  1 then
4 6 3k 1 1
k is equal to log1/ 2  x  1  
3 log x2  x 8
  1
(A) -8 (B) -4 (C) 0 (D) log 2  256 
   3
24. If x, y , z simultaneously satisfy the equations (A) x  2 (B) x  2 (C) x   0,1 (D) x 1, 
 2
log 2 x  log 4 y  log4 z  2, 31. Solution of the inequality
log 3 y  log 9 z  log 9 x  2 , log2 2  x  1  log0.5  x  1  5
log4 z  log16 x  log16 y  2 then (A)  5,   (B)  6,  
9 64
(A) xy  (B) yz  36 (C) zx   1 
4 9 (C) 1 4 ,3 (D)  2,3 
(D) x  y  z  xyz  2 

PINEGROVE 29
 LOGARITHMS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS VOL-I

INTEGER QUESTIONS 4 4
2. log16 2
6  4log 6  
32. If  x1 , y1  and  x2 , y2  are the solutions of the log 2 1  log32
6

simultaneous equations x  y  12 and 27 3 3 3

now, a  log12  3log12  log12  1  2log 2
 
2 2log y 2 x  log1/ x y  5 then x1 x2  y1 y2 is 3 3

3 3a
Therefore a 1  2log 32   3 ; 2log3 
2
equal to 1 
33. The number of solutions of the system of a a
substuting in equation we get
equations y  1  log 4 x, x y  46 is
4  3 a 
log16
6   4 
34. The number of values of x   0, n  , n  I that 1   2a /  3  a    3 a 

satisfy log sin x 1  cos x   2 is log 3 log 5 log 2

3. a ,b  ,c 
35. The value of x satisfying the inequality log 2 log 3 log 7
log 5 2 log 2 log 3
 1   abc  ,2c  and ac= ...(i )
3
2
  3
log1 x 6x 11x62  log2 1 x 6x 11x6 
 2 x
2


 log 7 log 7
log 63
log 7
2 log 3  log 7
 log140 63  
 0 is /are log140 log 7  2 log 2  log 5
36. The number of integers satisfying the  log 3 
2 1
log 7 
x
inequality 3 5/ 2 log 123 x   3log  83 is
3 2


37. The number of integer values of x satisfying  log 2  log 5
1 2 
the inequality 2 x  1  2log 2  x  3 is  log 7  log 7
EXERCISE - II - KEY 2ac  1
= [from Eq. (i)]
SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS 1  2c  abc
1.A 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.A 6.C 4. We have log 2 a  log 4 b  log 4 c  2
7.D 8.A 9.A 10.C 11.B 12.C log 9 a  log 3 b  log 9 c  2
13.B 14.C 15.B 16.D 17.A 18.A log16 a  log16 b  log 4 c  2
19.B 20.B 21.A 1 1
 log 2 a  log 2 b  log 2 c  2
MORE THAN ONE ANSWER 2 2
22.ABD 23.AD 24.ABC 1 1
 log 3 a  log 3 b  log 3 c  2
25.AC 26.CD 27.CD 2 2
28.AD 29.AD 30.AB 31.AB 1 1
 log 4 a  log 4 b  log 4 c  2
INTEGER QUESTIONS 2 2
32.0 33.2 34.0 35.1 36.2 37.4  log2  a2bc  4, log3  ab2c  4,log4  abc2   4
  a 2bc   24 , ab 2 c  34 and abc 2  4 4
EXERCISE - II - HINTS
4 4
SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS   abc    2  3  4   abc  24
 16 7  25 5  81 3  Now, a 2bc  2 4 and abc  24
1. log   x   x    16 2 2
 15   24   80   a
24 3
 ab c  34 and abc=24

 312 x510 x228  81 27

2 b 
log10  12 10 27   log10 24 8
 3 x5 x2  256 32
abc 2  4 4 and abc  24  c  24  3

30 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS VOL-I LOGARITHMS

 log x log x log x   log y log y log y  9. 1  log 2 1  cos 2x   log 42

5.  .   .  
 log y log z log x   log x log z log y  2 1
1  log 2  2 sin x  
2
 log z log z log z 
 .   =0 1
 log y log x log z  2  2 log 2  sin x   2
3 3 3
2
  log x    log y    log z  3
2 log 2  sin x  
 3  log x log y log z  2
a  log x, b  log y, c  log z 3 1
4
 sin x 
 sin x  2 4
8
 a 3  b3  c3  3abc  a  b  c  0
10. Given equation
 log x  log y  log z  0
log10  3x 2  12 x  19   log10  3 x  4   1
 log  xyz   0  xyz  1
 3x 2  12 x  19 
1 log10   1
6. log a y   3x  4 
1  log a x
2
3 x  12 x  19
1   10
 1  log a y  1  3x  4
1  log a x on solving we get their exists exactly two values of x
 log a x 11. Here given equation is defined when
 x 2  3 x  5  0,7  2 x  0
1  log a x
by removing logarithms we get x 2  3x  5  7  2 x
1 1  log a x
or  .................(1) then x  4, 3 but x = 4 not satisfy
1  log a y  log a x there fore only possible value of x is -3
1
1 log a y
12. xlog72  2log7x
But z  a
13. From the given equation factorise
1 1 6 x 2  23 x  21, 4 x 2  12 x  9 and take substution
 log a z   1
1  log a y log a x log 2 x  3  3x  7   y , then given equation becomes
1 1 y 2  3 y  2  0 then y  1, 2
  1  log a z log a x 
log a x 1  log a z
1
1
x
From that only possible value of 4
1 log a z
xa  4 x  1
200 2
10  10  14. log3x4  2x 1  log2x1  3x  4 2x 1   4
7. 5  ; 5200  log  
2  2
2 log  3x  4  2x  1  log 2x 1  3x  4 
 200 log  log   200 1  0.3010
10
10
2
10
 log  2x 1  2x  1  4 ; log 3x  4  2x  1  y
 200  0.699  139.8
1 1
Characterstic = 139 2y   3  y  ,y 1
y 2
No.of integer= 139+1= 140
case-1
8. x  3  log 58 ; y  3  log 7 6
x  4 &y  4

PINEGROVE 31
 LOGARITHMS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS VOL-I

1  2   2 
y x   ,    ,  
2  3  3 
1 Case-3
log 3x  4  2x  1    2x  1  3x  4
2 3x
x2  2   1 ; 2x 2  3x  2  0
3 2
4x 2  4x  1  3x  4 ; x  4 , x  1
 x  2  2x  1  0
case-2 From cases 1,2,3
y 1
log 3x  4  2x  1  1
x  2, 2 
Case-4
2x  1  3x  4 ; x  3
But x = -3 makes base negative 2 3x
x  0 ; x  2   2 1
3
 x  is the solution  x  2  2x  1  0
4
15. Here given equation is defined when x  3, x  2 to From cases 1,2,4
the given equation taking logarithm on both sides
on solving we get possible values of x are 4,5 
x  2,  2 
16. Put log8x  m,log8y  n then given equations be- 
 x  2,  2    2, 2 
m
comes m  n  3mn, 4  m  n   are solving we 1 2
19. log 0.2  x  8   log 0.2  x  2  
3
n
2
get  x1 x2  y1 y2   8
log 0.2  x  58 
x2  6 x  9
17. log1/ 2   log 2  x  1 case-1
2  x  1
x  58  0  x  58
x2  6x  9 case-2
 log 2   log 2  x  1
2  x  1 x3  8  0 ;  x  2   x 2  2x  4   0
2 2
 x  3  x  1  x  3  x  1  0 x  2
 ,   case-3
2  x  1 2  x  1
x3  8
log 0.2  log 0.2  x  58 
x 2  2x  7
 0;
 
x  1 2 2 x  1 2 2     0 x2
x 1 x 1


x  1,1  2 2  x3  8 x3  8
 x  58 ;  x  58  0
x2 x2
3 
18. log 3  x  2   log 3  x  1
2
 x  9  x  2  x  6   0
2 
 x  2
Case-1
from the above 3 cases ; x  9,  
 
x2  2  0  x  2 x  2  0 
x 2  12x  30

x  ,  2    2,   20. Case-1
10
0

Case-2
3 2

x  , 6  6  6  6,    
x 1  0 , x 
2 3

32 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS VOL-I LOGARITHMS

x 2  12x  30 4x 2  12x  8  1 ; 4x 2  12x  8  1

Case-2 : 1 2
10 4x 2  12x  9  0 ;  2x  3  0
x 2  12x  20  0 ; x   , 2   10,   Which is a contradiction
Case-3  Case 2 does’t give any solution
MORE THAN ONE ANSWER
x 2  12x  30
 1 ; x 2  12x  20  0 x  y  z  x  y  z  x  y z  x  y  z  1
10 22.   
log x log y log z 
x   2,10 
 log x  .x  y  z  x  ..(1)
x 2  12x  30
Case-4: 0  1 log y  y  z  x  y  ..(2)
10
log z  z  x  y  z  ..(3)
 2x 
log 2    1 ; 2x  2 ; x  5 from 1,2,3 we have
 5  5
ylogx  xlogy  zlogx  xlogz  ylogz  zlogy
by using all the above 4 cases draw the number
log  x y .y x   log  x z .z x   log  z y .y z 

line x  2, 6  6 
Case-5  x y .y x  x z .z x  z y y z
log 2 x log 2 y log 2 z
 2x  23.  
x 2  12x  30 log 2    1 4 6 3k
1 ;  5 
10 3log 2 x  2 log 2 y  log 2 z
x 5 
12  12  3k
x  10,   ; From case 4 & case 5 3 2
log 2 ( x y z ) 0
 
24  3k 24  3k
 
x  2,6  6  10,  
 24  3k  0, then k  8
21. log 4x 2 12x 8 4x  5  0 1 1
Case-1 24. log 2 x  log 2 y  log 2 z  2
2 2
0  4x 2  12x  8  1, 4x  5  0  2 log 2 x  log 2 y  log 2 z  4  x 2 yz  16
 4x  5  1  1  4x  5  1  4  4x  6 similarly
y 2 xz  81 , z 2 xy  28
3 5 81
1 x  , x  ....(1) 16
2 4 xyz  ... 1 , xyz  ...  2 
x y
4x 2  12x  8  0  x  1, 2  ....(2) 28
xyz  ...  3 
2
4x 2  12x  8  1   2x  3  0 ...(3) z
multiplying 1,2,3 we get xyz=24
 5 5 3 substitute this in 1,2,3 we get x= 2/3
From EQ 1,2,3 x  1,    ,  y=27/8, z= 32/3
 4 4 2
1
Case-2 25.  log abcd x  log abcd
4x 2  12x  8  1 , 4x  5  0 x

1
 4x  5  1 
log x a  log x b  log x c  log x d
4x  5  1 or 4x  5  1 1

3      1   1
1 1

x  1 or x 
2 Also, AM  GM

PINEGROVE 33
 LOGARITHMS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS VOL-I

     4 But x  9, then9  3a,5a

 
4 1 1 1 1  a  3,9 / 5 or a  3 a  2 
  
   
Then, x  9,15
1     
or 1 1 1 1
  3 
     16 29.  1  2 log x  log 3 x  1  0
1  3 
26. log 3 x  1  x  ...(1) let log3 x  y
3
s  log x 3x ...(2)  log x 3x  0  3   3  1
 1   y  1  1   2
1  2 y   2 y  y
case-1: 0  x  1  3x  1 ; 3x  1; x 
3 2y  3 1
  2
1 2y y
given x  not possible
3 2 y2  3 y  2  0  2 y2  4 y  y  2  0
1
case-2: x  1 ; 3x  1 ; 3x  1, x  3   y  2  2 y  1  0
y  1/ 2 or y  2  x  31/ 2 (rejected)
1 
x   ,   ;  s   0,   or x= 1/9
3 
1 1
1  30. log1/ 2  x  1  3  log 2 8
S properly contains  ,   x x
3 
case-1: x  1  0
2log 3 x  4log x 3 9
27. x  1   x  1
case-2: x 2  x  0 ; x   x  1  0
case-1 : x  0, x  1
1
case-3:  log 2  x  1   log 8  x  x 
2
case-2: If 0  x  1 not possible
3
case-3 : x  1  x  1  x  1 1 1
 log 2  x  1   log 2  x 2  x 
 x  1
2log3 x  4log x 3
  x  1
7 3 3

4 3log 2  x  1  1  log 2  x 2  x 
2 log 3 x  x
 7 ; log x  t , 2t  4  7 3
log 3 3
t log 2  x 2  x   log 2  x  1  1
1
solving t  4 or t   ; consider t =4  x  81 x  x  1 x  x  1
2 log 2 3
1; 3
2
8ax
 x  1  x  1
28.  a  2  0 and 0
x  2x 2  4x  2  0 ; 2x 2  5x  2  0
a2
Then, a  2 x  0...(i )  x  2  2x  1  0 ; x   2,  
then the given eq can be written as 31. log 2 2  x  1  log 2  x  1  5
 8ax  2
log 2 2  x  1  5 , x  1  0  x  1
ln  x 2  15a 2   ln  . a  2
  a  2   2
2  x  1  25 ; x 2  2 x  15  0
or ln  x  15a
2 2
  ln 8ax 
or 2
x  15a  8ax 2  x  3 x  5  0 ; x  3, x  5 & x>1
or x 2  8ax  15a 2  0  x  5 is the solution for given inequality..
or  x  5a  x  3a   0
 x  3a,5a

34 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS VOL-I LOGARITHMS

INTEGER QUESTIONS .35. Let us factorise x 3  6 x 2  11x  6


32. x  y  12... 1 ; 2 2 log y2 x  log1/ x y  5  clearly x  1 is a factor of this expression. By
synthetic division or horner process the other factor
2  log y x  log x y   5 would be x 2  5 x  6 . Which is product of
1  x  2  &  x  3
Put log y x  t  t  2,
2  x3  6 x 2  11x  6   x  1 x  2  x  3
case-1
If t =2  x  y 2 ; x  y  12 Now x3  6 x 2  11x  6 is defined when
y 2  y  12  0  y  3, 4  x  9  x  1 x  2  x  3  0 ....... (1)
 x1 , y1    9,3 where as  x3  6 x 2  11x  6 is defined
case-2 when  x 3  6 x 2  11x  6  0
1
t   x 2 , y 2   3,9  ;  x1x 2  y1 y 2  0  x 3  6 x 2  11x  6  0
2
 x  1 x  2  x  3  0 .............(2)
x y  46
  x  1 x  2  x  3  0  x  1, 2,3
y.log 4 x  6
33. y  1  log 4 x , ( if a  b and b  a then a  b )
6
log 4 x  let us substitute x= 1,2,3 in the given inequality we
y
see that
6
y  1  y  3, y  2 (i) for x=1. log 1 2  1  0  1  1  0
2
y
case-1  x  1 is a solution
6 6 1
If y  3, log 4 x    2  x  16 (ii) for x  2 , log 1 2  2  0
y 3 2

 x, y  16,3 1
 1   0 not possible x=2 is not a solution
2
case-2 1 1
(iii) for x  3 , log 1 2  3  0  1  3  0
1 1  2
y  2, x  ;  x, y   , 2  which is not possible;  x  3 is not a solution.
64  64 
5
No.of solutions = 2 36. 3 2 log3 12 3x   3log 2 x  83
34 The equation is meaningful if sin x  0,1 and case-1: x>0
1  cos x  0 so x  k , k  0,1.....n, case-2: 12  3x  0 ; x  4 ; x   0, 4 
  x  1, 2,3
x   2k  1 , k  0,1, 2,.....  n  1 ,
2 But x =2 doesn’t satisfy the given inequality
Now log sin x 1  cos x   2  x  1,3 are the solutions
2  No.of solutions =2
 1  cos x  sin x  sin 2 x  1  cos 2 x
37. 2x  1  2 log 2  x  3
 1  cos x  cos x  0 case-1: x  3  0  x  3
cos x  0 or cos x  1 case-2: 2x  1  log 2  x  3
2


cos x  0  x   2k  1 2 2x 1   x  3
2
; verify
2
so there is no x which satisfy the given equarion x  2, 1, 0,1 ; No.of solutions =4

PINEGROVE 35
 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS & EXPRESSIONS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
& EXPRESSIONS
SYNOPSIS  If  and  are the roots of ax 2  bx  c  0
b c
 Quadratic Expression: If a  0, b, c are then , i)      , 
a a
2
real (or) complex numbers then ax  bx  c is
called a quadratic expression in x
b 2  4ac
Ex: x 2  7 x  12 , x 2  8 x  12 , ii)    
a
x 2  1  2i  x  38 .
 A complex number ' ' is said to be a ‘zero’ of
2 2 b2  2ac
quadratic expression ax 2  bx  c, if iii)   
a2
a 2  b  c  0
Ex: 3 is a zero of x 2  5x  6 3 3 3abc  b3
 Quadratic Equation: If a  0 , b, c are real iv)   
a3
(or) complex numbers then ax 2  bx  c  0 is
called a quadratic equation in x.  If  and  are the roots of ax 2  bx  c  0
Ex: x 2  5 x  6  0, x 2  x  1  0 then the quadratic expression
 Identity : A relation which is true for every value
of the variable is called an identity ax 2  bx  c  a  x    x   
 Quadratic Identity: ax 2  bx  c  0 will be
an identity ( or can have more than two solutions)  The quadratic equation whose roots are  ,  is
if a  0 , b  0, c  0 . given by x 2      x    0
 Root of a Quadratic Equation:
2
If a  b  c  0 then  is a root or solution Note:Quadratic equation cannot have more than
of the quadratic equation ax 2  bx  c  0 . two roots.
 The roots of the quadratic equation W.E-2 : The quadratic equation whose roots are
2
 b  b  4ac
ax 2  bx  c  0 are and its 1  2,1  2 is
2a
discriminant is   b 2  4ac . 2
   
Sol: x  1  2  1  2 x  1  2 1  2  0 
W.E-1: The roots of 3x 2  5x  12  0 are
i.e. x 2  2x   1  0
5  25  4(3)(12) 4
Sol: x  i.e. x   ,3
23 3 x 2  2x  1  0 (or) x  1  2
or (using factorization method)
2
3x 2  9x  4x  12  0 x  1  2  x  1  2
3x  x  3  4  x  3  0
x 2  2x  1  0
4
 3x  4  x  3  0 ; x   3 ,3
36 PINEGROVE
 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS & EXPRESSIONS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

W.E-3 : The quadratic equation whose roots are  If a, b, c are rational and
3i 5 i)   0 and is a perfect square then the roots are
is rational and distinct.
2
ii )   0 and is not a perfect square then the roots
2
3i 5 3i 5  are conjugate surds i.e,    .    0 
Sol: x    x
 2 2  iii)   0 , then the roots are equal & rational
iv)   0 ,then the roots are non-real conjugate
3i 5 3i 5  complex numbers. i.e,   i 
 . 0
 2 2  W.E-5: The nature of the roots of x 2  x  1  0 is
7 2
Sol:     4 1 1  5 is not a perfect
x 2  3x   0  2x 2  6x  7  0
2 square.
3i 5 2
 roots are irrational and more over conjugate
or x    2x  3  5
2
W.E-6:The nature of the roots of 2x 2  x  6  0 is
2
 2x  6x  7  0 Sol:   1  4  2  6   47  0

W.E-4: If  ,  are the roots of ax 2  bx  c  0  roots are imaginary more over conjugate
complex numbers
and c  0 then the value of W.E-7: If the roots of the equation
2
1 1 x  15  m  2 x  8   0 are equal then the
2
 2 in terms of a,b,c is
 a  b   a  b  value of m is
Sol: x 2  15  m  2 x  8   0
Sol:  is a root of ax 2  bx  c  0
2 x 2  2mx  8m  15  0
 a  b  c 2
0   2 m   4  1  8m  15   0
c c
 a  b  , similarly a  b  m 2  8m  15  0
 
 m  3 m  5  0 m  3; m  5
1 1
 W.E-8: If a, b, c are real, the roots of
  a  b 2  a  b 
2

a 2
 b 2  x 2  2b  a  c  x  b 2  c 2  0 are
2 real and equal, then the progression in

     2

b 2  2ac
which a, b, c lies is
c2 a 2c 2 Sol: a 2 x 2  b 2 x 2  2abx  2bcx  b2  c 2  0
Nature of the roots of the equation
a 2 x 2  2 abx  b 2  b 2 x 2  2bcx  c 2  0
ax 2  bx  c  0 : 2 2

 If a, b, c are real and

 ax  b    bx  c  0

i)   0 , then the roots are real and distinct ax  b  0 ; bx  c  0

ii)   0 , then the roots are real and equal b c
x ; x
iii )   0 , then the roots are non- real conjugate a b

complex numbers i.e.,   i 

PINEGROVE 37
 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS & EXPRESSIONS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

b c
a b
  b2  ac ,  a, b, c are in G.P
.P   
k 6 x 2  3  rx  2 x 2  1  0 and 
W.E-9 : If the roots of the equation   
6 k 2 x 2  1  px  4 x 2  2  0 have both
a 2
 bc  x 2  2  b 2  ca  x   c 2  ab   0 roots common, then the value of p / r is
are equal then the condition(s) is (are) Sol:  6k  2  x 2  rx  3k  1  0  1
Sol: a 2
 bc  x 2  2  b 2  ca  x   c 2  ab   0 12k  4  x 2  px  6k  2  0   2 
roots are equal    0 since the roots of (1) and (2) are equal,
2
 4  b  ca   4  a  bc  c  ab   0
2 2 2 6k  2 r 3k  1 r 1
   
12k  4 p 6k  2 p 2
 b 4  2ab 2 c  a 3b  bc 3  ab 2 c  0
 Properties of roots of the equation
 b  0 (or) a 3  b3  c 3  3abc  0
ax 2  bx  c  0 : If a and c are of the same sign
c
 Common root: The
equations then is +ve and hence roots have same signs
a
2 2
a1 x  b1 x  c1  0 and a2 x  b2 x  c2  0 c
where a1b2  a2b1  0, a1 a2  0 have a common  If a and c are of the opposite signs then is -ve
a
root if and only if
2
and hence roots have opposite sign
 c1a2  c2 a1    a1b2  a2b1  b1c2  b2c1  and  If a  c then the roots are reciprocal to each
c1a 2  c 2 a1 b1c2  b2 c1 other.
the common root is a b  a b .(or) c a  c a  If both the roots are -ve then a,b,c will have the
1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1
same sign
W.E-10 : If x 2  4ax  3  0 and 2 x 2  3ax  9  0  If both roots are +ve then a,c will have the same
have a common root then the value of a is sign different from the sign of b
Sol: Condition for the common roots is
c
 c1a2  c2 a1 
2
  a1b2  a2b1  b1c2  b2c1   If a+b+c=0 then the roots are 1 and
a
2
6  9   3a  8a  36a  9a  c
 If a+c=b then the roots are -1 and
a
 a  1
 If the roots are in the ratio m : n then
W.E-11: If x 2  bx  c  0 , x 2  cx  b  0
2
2 b2 m  n
 b  c, have a common root then the m  n  ac  mnb (or) mn  ac 2

condition is  If one root is square of the other then

Sol: Let  be the common root
2 a 2c  c 2a  b  3ac  b 2 
   b  c  0 ....(1)
 If one root is equal to the nth power of the other
 2  c  b  0 ....(2)
1 1
(1) - (2)    1
substitute in (1)  b  c  1  0
root then ac n   n 1  
 a nc n 1 b  0.
 If roots differ by k then b2  4ac  a2k2 .
Note: If a1x2  b1x  c1  0 and a 2 x2  b2x  c2  0
W. E-13: The roots of the equation
a b c
1 1
have the same roots then a  b  c
1 a b  c  x2  b  c  a  x  c  a  b   0
2 2 2
W.E-12: If the equation  a  b  c  0  are
38 PINEGROVE
 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS & EXPRESSIONS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

S.No New Corresponding

Sol: a  b  c   b  c  a   c  a  b   0 Roots Quadratic Equation
c a  b 1 ,   f  x   0
 the roots are 1, a  b  c 
1 1 1
2 , f  0
W.E-14: If p  q  r  x 2  q  r  p  x  r  p  q   0   x

p  q  r  has equal roots the value of  x

3 k , k   k  0  f 0
k
2
interms of p & q is  
q 4 , k  0 f  kx   0
k k
Sol: p q  r   q r  p  r  p  q  0 5   k,   k f x  k   0
r  p  q 6  2,  2
f  x  0
 roots are 1,
p q  r 
7  3,  3
f 3 x   0
r  p  q
 roots are equal  1  
,
  x 
f 0
p q  r  8 1  1   1 x 
p q  r   r  p  q  pq  pr  rp  rq W.E-17: If  ,  are the roots of ax 2  bx  c  0 ,
then the equation whose roots are 2   and
pq  rq  2 pr   p  r  q  2 pr
2   is
pr 2 2
 Sol: f  x  2  0  a  x  2  b  x  2  c  0
pr q
W.E-15: The roots of ax 2  3bx  c  0 if  ax 2  x  b  4a   4a  2b  c  0

3b  a  c are W.E-18: If each root of the equation

Sol: ax 2  3bx  c  0 and 3b  a  c x 2  11x  13  0 is diminished by 4, then
the transformed equation is
ax 2   a  c  x  c  0 ; ax 2  ax  cx  c  0 2
Sol: f  x  4   0   x  4 11 x  4 13  0
ax  x  1  c  x  1  0 ;  x  1 ax  c   0
 x2 19x  73  0
c c W.E-19: If  ,  are the roots of 4 x 2  7 x  2  0,
x  1; x 
 roots are 1,
a a
W.E-16: If one root of the equation then the equation whose roots are 2, 2 is

ax 2  bx  c  0 is double the other, then Sol: f  x   4x2  7 x  2  0

the relation between a, b, c is

m  n
2
b2
The required equation is f  x  0.
Sol: Condition is  given m : n  1: 2 2
mn ac 4  x  7 x  2  0  4 x  2  7 x
2
1  2  b2 2 2
   9ac  2b 2  4 x  2   7 x    16 x 2  33 x  4  0
1 2 ac
 Transformed Equations: Let  ,  be the  Signs of ‘a’ and ax 2  bx  c : If the equation
roots of f x  ax2  bx  c  0 then ax 2  bx  c  0 has non real roots   0

PINEGROVE 39
 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS & EXPRESSIONS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

then ‘a’ and ax 2  bx  c will have same sign

x2  x  1
x  R. W.E-21 : Find the range the expression 2 ,
x  x 1
 If the equation ax 2  bx  c  0 has equal roots where x  R .

then ‘a’ and ax 2  bx  c will have same sign 1

Sol: Here a=1,b=1,c=1, minimum value = f 1 
3
 b
xR . maximum value  f  1  3
 2a 
 If x is real then the maximum and minimum values
 If the equation ax 2  bx  c  0 has real roots
 and    0,    then
 a  x  b  x 
of  x   c, a  c, b  c  are
c x
2
(i)   x    a and ax  bx  c will have 2 2

opposite sign.  ac  bc  and  ac  bc 

(ii) x   or x    a and ax 2  bx  c will have EXERCISE - I
same sign. RELATION BETWEEN ROOTS AND
 Maximum And Minimum Values of COEFFICIENTS
1. If  ,  are roots of ax 2  bx  c  0 then
ax 2  bx  c ; a,b,c R :
1 1
(i) If a > 0 then f  x   ax 2  bx  c has absolute 3
 3
 
b 3abc  b 3 3ab  b 3
minimum at x   and the minimum value is 1) 2)
2a a3 a 2c
4ac  b2 3abc  b 3 b 2  2ac
3) 4)
4a c3 ac
2. If  ,  are roots of the equation
(ii) If a < 0 then f  x   ax 2  bx  c has absolute
 
b 2 x 2  6 x  b  0  b  0  then    is less
maximum at x   and the maximum value
2a than
1) 2 2) 2 3) 18 4) 0
4ac  b2
is 3. If  ,  are the roots of x 2  p  x  1  C  0
4a
W.E-20: The maximum or minimum values of then   1   1 
1) 1-2C 2) 1+C 3) C-2 4) C
2x  5  3x 2 on R is
Sol: Given expression 2x  5  3x 2 , ROOTS AND/OR CONDITIONS GIVEN
a  3  0,b  2,c  5 4. If  is an imaginary cube root of unity. Then
the equation whose roots are
 given expression has maximum value
2
2  3 2 , 2 2  3 is
4ac  b 1) x 2  5 x  7  0 2) x 2  5 x  7  0
 maximum value  =
4a 3) x 2  5 x  7  0 4) x 2  5 x  7  0
4  3 5   4 16

4  3 3

40 PINEGROVE
 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS & EXPRESSIONS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

COMMON ROOTS
5. If p and q are the roots of x 2  px  q  0 then
1) p  1 2) p  1 or 0 14. If  x  2 is a common factor of the
3) p  2 4) p  2 or 0 expressions x 2  ax  b and x 2  cx  d ,
NATURE OF THE ROOTS AND bd
then 
PROPERTIES ca
1) -2 2) -1 3) 1 4) 2
6. If one root of x 2  3  2i x  1  3i   0 is
SIGN OF THE EXPRESSIONS AND
1+i then the other root is INEQUATIONS
1) 1-i 2) 2+i 3) 3+i 4) 1+3i
7. If the expression 15. If x < 5, then the sign of the expression

x 2  5m  2 x  4m 2  10m  25
can be 2 x  7  5 x 2 is
1) positive 2) negative
expressed as a perfect square, then m =
3) non negative 4) can not say
8 8 16. If x is real and 5x +2x+9 > 3x2+10x+7, then
2
1) or 4 2)  or 4
3 3 x lies in the interval

3)
4
or 8
4
4)  or 8

1) 2  3 , 2  3 
3 3 2)  , 2  3  2 
8. If the roots of the quadratic equation
3,  
x 2  4 x  log 3 a  0 are real, then the least 3)  2  1, 2  1
value of a is 4) ( 2  3 ,  )
1 1 MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM
1) 81 2) 3) 4) 9
81 64
9. Roots of the equation 2 x 2  5 x  1  0 and 17. Maximum value of 5 x 2  2 x  3 is

x 2  5 x  2  0 are
14 13 12 16
1) 2) 3) 4)
1) Reciprocal and of the same sign 5 5 5 5
2. Reciprocal and of opposite sign 1
3) Equal in magnitude 4) Imaginary 18. The maximum value of 2 is
4x  2x 1
SOLVING EQUATIONS 4 2 3
1) 2) 3)1 4)
10. If 31 x  31 x  10 then the values of x are 3 3 4
1) 1, 1 2)1, 0 3) 1, 2 4) 1, 2 19. If x   2, 4 then for the expression
11. If  x  1 is a factor of x2  6x  5
1) the least value  4 2) the greatest value  4
x4   p  3 x3   3 p  5 x2   2 p  9 x  6
3) the least value  3
then the value of p is
4) the greatest value  5
1) –4 2) 0 3) 4 4) 2
12. The number of real solutions of the equation MODULUS FUNCTIONS
sin (ex) =5x+5-x is (are)
20. Number of solutions of the equation
1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) Infinitely many
x | x |2 3 | x | 2  0 is.........
13. The roots of the equation x x
  x are 1) 4 2) 2 3) 0 4) 1
1) 0 and 1 2) 0 and 4 21. 2
For the equation | x |  | x | 6  0 the roots
3) 1 and 4 4) 0,1 and 4 are

PINEGROVE 41
 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS & EXPRESSIONS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

1) one and only one real number 10. Put 3x  t

2) real with sum one 11. Since x+1 is a factor of f(x),
3) real with sum zero -1 must be a root of f(x)=0
4) real with product zero
 f ( 1)  0  6 p  24  0  p  4
TRANSFORMED EQUATIONS
5 x  5 x  2 but sin  e   1
x
12.
22. The equation formed by increasing each root
of ax2+bx+c=0 by 1 is 2x2+8x+2=0 then 14. x  2 is a common factor  x  2 is common root
1) a+b=0 2) b+c=0 3) b=c 4) a=b  4  2a  b  0 and 4  2c  d  0
bd
 2  a  c   b  d   0  2
EXERCISE - I - KEY ca
1) 3 2) 2 3) 2 4) 1 5) 2 6) 2 15. 5x 2  2 x  7  0 ;
7) 4 8) 2 9) 2 10) 1 11) 3 12) 1
13) 3 14) 4 15) 4 16) 2 17) 4 18) 1 5 x 2  5 x  7 x  7  0  x  15 x  7   0
19) 1 20) 1 21) 3 22) 3 16. 2 x 2  8x  2  0 ; x 2  4 x  1 0
EXERCISE - I - HINTS root = 4  16  4
 2 3
3 2
1 1      3    
1. 
3 3

 
3   
  , 2  3  2  3 ,  
4ac  b 2
2.     3,   b 2 17.
4a
D  36  8b  0  b  0 
 1 
2 18. Maximum value of  2 
   2   2      2  4x  2x  1 
  
    1 1
 
min of  4 x 2  2 x  1 4ac  b
2
2
    2 
18
 2  2 4a
 b
2
3.       1   p  c  p  1 19. x 2  6 x  5   x  3   4  4

4.     2    2   3 2     5 20.  x  2  x  1  0  x  1, 2

   2  3 2  2 2  3   7 21.  x  3 x  2   0  x  2
5. p  q   p, pq  q 22.  1   1  1         
 q  0, p  1  p  0, q  2 c b
6.     3  2i    b  c
a a
7. 0
1
8. D  0  log 3 a  4  a  34  a 
81
9. f x   2x2  5x  1  0

 1
f     0  x2  5x  2  0
 x

42 PINEGROVE
 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS & EXPRESSIONS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

EXERCISE - II are real then a 2 , bd , c 2 are in

RELATION BETWEEN ROOTS AND 1) A.P 2) G.P 3) H.P 4) A.G.P
COEFFICIENTS 9. The roots of the equation x 2  2 3x  3  0
1. If  ,  are the roots of x 2  3 x  2  0 then are
1) rational and equal 2) rational and not equal
 1  1 3) irrational 4) imaginary
 
  10. If ‘1’ is one of the roots of ax 2  3 x  5  0
15 6 5 then the second root is
1) 2) 3) 4) 5
2 5 2 5 5 5 5
1) 2) 3) 4)
2. If  ,  are the roots of x 2  bx  c  0 and 3 3 16 8
  h,   h are the roots of x 2  qx  r  0 11. If ‘3’ is root of x 2  kx  24  0 then it is also
root of
then h 
1) x 2  5 x  k  0 2) x 2  kx  24  0
1 1
1) b  q  b  q  4)  b  q 
2) b  q 3) 3) x 2  kx  6  0 4) x 2  5 x  k  0
2 2
3. If the sum of the roots of the equation 12. If 4  i 3 is a root of quadratic equation with
5x2-4x+2+k (4x2-2x-1)=0 is 6, then k = real coefficients then the equation is
1) 13/17 2) 17/13 3) -17/13 4) -13/11 1) x 2  8 x  13  0 2) x 2  8 x  19  0
4. If  ,  are the roots of the equation 3) x 2  8 x  13  0 4) x 2  8 x  19  0
5 5
x 2  3 x  2  0 . Then     13. If the product of the roots of the equation
1) 33 2) 32 3) 35 4) 33 5 x 2  4 x  2  k  4 x 2  2 x  1  0 is 2 then
5. The quadratic equation whose roots are
k
2  3i 2  3i 8 8 4 4
and 1) 2) 3) 4)
2  3i 2  3i 9 9 9 9
1) 5 x 2  2 x  5  0 2) 5 x 2  2 x  5  0
COMMON ROOTS
3) 5 x 2  2 x  5  0 4) 5 x 2  2 x  5  0
14. If the equations x 2  ax  b  0 and
6. Let two numbers have arithmetic mean 9 and
geometric mean 4. Then these numbers are x 2  bx  a  0  a  b  have a common root
the roots of the quadratic equation
then a  b 
1) x 2  18 x  16  0 2) x 2  18 x  16  0
1) 1 2) 0 3) 1 4) 2
3) x 2  18 x  16  0 4) x 2  18 x  16  0
MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM
7. If the ratio of the roots of x 2  bx  c  0 and
15. If x is real then the maximum value of the
x 2  qx  r  0 is same then expression 5  4 x  4 x 2 is
1) r 2 c  qb 2 2) r 2b  qc 2 1) 6 2) 6 3) 12 4) 12
3) rb 2  cq 2 4) rc 2  bq 2 16. The minimum value of the quadratic
expression x 2  bx  c is
NATURE OF THE ROOTS AND
PROPERTIES b2
1) cb 2 2) c 2b 3) c  b 2 4) c 
4
8. If the roots of the equation
a 2
 b 2  x 2  2  bc  ad  x   c 2  d 2   0

PINEGROVE 43
 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS & EXPRESSIONS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

17. If 2 x  7  5 x 2 has maximum value at x  a b12 b2

then a  7.  2
a1c1 a2c2
1 1 34 34
1) 2) 3) 4) 8.
2
 ax  d    bx  c 
2
0
5 5 5 5
MODULUS FUNCTIONS ax  d  0 and bx  c  0
18. If a, b, c are positive real numbers then the  d c
  x  ac  bd
number of real roots of the equation a b
ax 2  b x  c  0 is  a 2 c 2   bd 
2

1) 2 2) 4 3) 0 4) 1
9.   12  12  0 roots are  3,  3
19. Number of real roots of the equation
10. a  3  5  0 , replace a value find roots
3x 2  4 x  5  0 are
11. 9  3k  24  0  K  5
1) 2 2) 4 3) 0 4) 1
12. 4  i 3, 4  i 3 are the roots     8 and
TRANSFORMED EQUATIONS
   19
20. The equation formed by decreasing each root
of the equation ax 2  bx  c  0 by 1 is 2k 8
13.  2; 2  10  8k  k ; k 
5  4k 9
2 x 2  8 x  2  0 then
14.  2  a  b  0 and  2  ba  a  0
1) a  b 2) b  c 3) c  a 4) b  a  c
21. If  and  are the roots of x 2  2 x  4  0    a  b  b  a   0    1
then the value of  6   6 is ( EAM - 2009 ) 4ac  b 2 80  16 96
15.   6
1) 32 2) 64 3) 128 4) 256 4a 4  4  16
EXERCISE - II - KEY
4ac  b 2
1) 4 2) 4 3) 4 4) 4 5) 2 6) 4 16. Use formula 
4a
7) 3 8) 2 9) 3 10) 4 11) 3 12) 2
13) 1 14) 1 15) 1 16) 4 17) 2 18) 3 b 2 1
17. x  
19) 3 20) 2 21) 3 2a 2  5  5
EXERCISE - II - HINTS 18. ax2  b x  c  0, x R
1.     3,   2 19. L.H.S is positive for all x  R
2.   h    h   q  2h  q      20. f  x  1  0
2k  4 13 21.   2 2
3. Sum of the roots = 6 6k 
5  4k 11   2
4.   2,   1 *******
2  2  3
5.    :   1
23
The equation is 5 x 2  2 x  5  0
6. Let the two numbers be  and  . Given that
  4,     18 ,   16
 Required equation is x 2  18 x  16  0
44 PINEGROVE
 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS & EXPRESSIONS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

WAVY CURVE METHOD the numerator and let it remain open

The Method of intervals (or wavy curve) is used corresponding to the roots of denominator.
for solving inequalities of the form 1. The point for which f(x) vanishes (becomes zero)
are called function zeros e.g. x = ai.
x  a1 n x  a2 n .... x  ak n
1 2 k
2. The points x = bj are the point of the discontinuity
f(x) = x  b1 m x  b2 m .... x  bp m
1 2 p >0 of the function f(x).
3. if the exponents of a factor is odd then the point
( < 0,  0, or  0) where n1, n2, …, nk, m1,
is called a simple point.
m2, …,mp are natural numbers and the numbers a1, a2,
4. If the exponent of a factor is even then the point
… , ak ; b1, b2,…bp are any real numbers such that aI
is called a double point.
¹ bj , where i = 1, 2, 3,…, k and j = 1, 2, 3,…, p .
It consists of the following statements:  x  3 x  2x  5
ex. Let f (x) 
1. A ll zeros1 of the function f(x) contained on the left  x  1 x  7
hand side of the inequality should be marked on the Find intervals, where f(x) is positive or negative.
number line with inked (black) circles.
2. All points of discontinuities2 of the function f(x)
contained on the left hand side of the inequality
should be marked on the number line with un–inked
(white) circles.
3. Check the value of f(x) for any real number greater f(x) > 0  x Î (–5, –2) È (–1, 3) È(7, ¥) and
than the right most marked number on the number f(x) < 0  x Î (–¥ ,–5)È(–2, –1)È(3, 7)
line. ex. Find the set of all x for which
4. From right to left, beginning above the number line 2x 1
(in case of value of f(x) is positive in step (iii),  
2x  5x  2 x  1
2

otherwise, from below the number line), a wavy

Sol: We have
curve should be drawn to pass through all the
marked points so that when it passes through a simple
point3, the curve intersects the number line, and, 2x 1
 0
when passing through a double point4, the curve 2x 2  5x  2 x  1
remains located on one side of the number line. 3x  2
 0
5. The appropriate intervals are chosen in accordance (x  1)(2x  1)(x  2)
with the sign of inequality (the function f(x) is positive

 3x  2 2 0
whenever the curve is situated above the number
(x  1)(2x  1)(x  2)(3x  2)
line, it is negative if the curve is found below the
number line). Their union represents the solution of (3x  2)2
 0
inequality. 1 2 .…..(1)
2.3(x  )(x  )(x  1)(x  2)
2 3
There are five intervals
x<–2, –2<x<–1,–1<x<–2/3, –2/3<x<–1/2,
x>–1/2.
The inequality (1) will hold for –2<x<–1 and
Remark: for –2/3<x<–1/2.
(i). Points of discontinuity will never be included in Hence –2 < x <–1 and –2/3 < x < –1/2.
the answer.
(ii). If you are asked to find the intervals where f(x)
is non–negative or non–positive then make the
intervals closed corresponding to the roots of

PINEGROVE 45
 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS & EXPRESSIONS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING

(x  1)(x  2)(x  3)
Having read the above text, let’s check (ii) (x  4)(x  5)(x  6)  0
your comprehensive ability
(x  4)(x  5)(x  6)
x 1 (iii) (x  1)(x  2)(x  3)  0
1. Solve the inequality < 1.
x2  4 x  3
(x  4)(x  5)(x  6)
3x2  7 x  8 (iv) (x  1)(x  2)(x  3)  0
2. Solve 1 2.
x2  1
3. Find the solution set of EXERCISE - II
2
( x  1)  x  2 x  4 Linear
0 1. (i) x – 63x – 4 (ii) –x – 63x – 4
 x  2  x  3
(iii) x – 6  –3x – 4 (iv) –x – 6  –3x + 4
4. Find the solution set of
 x  1  x  2  x  3 2 0
2. (i) 2x + 1 > 5x + 7 (ii) 4x – 3  2x + 1 (iii)
 x  4 2  x  5  3 2x + 3 < –3x – 7 (iv) x – 6  3 – 2x
Quadratic
EXERCISE - 1 3. (i) 5x < 2x2 + 2 (ii) 6x2 – 2x  3x – 1
Linear 2
(iii) x – 3x + 5 > 1 + x
Solve for x: (iv) 3x2 – 5x + 9  3x – x2
1. (i) 9x + 2 < 5 (ii) 9x + 2>5 4. (i) x2 – 4x + 4  0 (ii) x2 – 6x + 9< 0
(iii) 9x + 2  5 (iv) 9x + 25 (iii) x + 10x + 25 > 0 (iv) x2 – 2x + 1  0
2
(v) 3x + 7 > 0 Linear-Quadratic
2. (i) –3x – 7 > 0 (ii) –3x + 7 < –5
(iii) 3x + 7  5 (iv) –3x – 7  5 x2  9 2x + 3 1
5. (i) 0 (ii) 
Quadratic
2
x  5x  6 x 2 + x  12 2
3. (i) (x – 2)(x + 7) < 0 (ii) (x + 5)(x + 8) > 0 5  2x
(iii) 2
<1
(iii) (x – 11)(x – 121)  0 3x  2x  16
(iv) x(x + 1)  0 3 2 2 6
6. (i) 2 + > (ii) 1+ >
x +1 x x 1 x
4. (i) x2 – 5x + 4  0 (ii) x2 – 3x + 2 < 0
(iii) x – 3x – 54 > 0 (iv) x2 – x – 182  0
2 x 4  3x 3 + 2x 2
(iii) >0
5. (i) x2 + 8 > 6x (ii) x2 < 2x – 3 x 2  x  30
(iii) –x – 4x + 32  0 (iv) 5  –x2 + 4x
2 Higher Degree Polynomials
Linear-Quadratic (2x  1)2 (3 - 2x)3 (3x  )4
7. (i) 0
(x  4) (x + 2)(x - 2)
 (5x - 3)5 (7x - 2)6 (x - 3)7
6. (i) (x  1)(x  7)   (ii) (x  3)(x + 3)
(2x  1)(3 - 2x)3 (3x  )5
(x  ) x (ii) 0
(iii)  iv) (2x  3)(8x  7)   (5x - 3)7 (7x - 2)9 (x - 3)11
(x  )(x  )
(2x  1)2 (3 - 2x)4 (3x  )6
x 2  2x  1 x2  x  6 (iii) 0
7. (i) 0 (ii) 2 0 (5x - 3)8 (7x - 2)14 (x - 3)16
x 2  3x  2 x  x  12
1 x 2  2x  1 (2x  1)1(3 - 2x)2 (3x  )3
(iii) 0 (iv) 0 (iv) 0
2
35x  x  6 x 2  8x  16 (5x - 3)4 (7x - 2)5 (x - 3)6

Higher degree polynomials

(x  1)(x  2)(x  3)
8. (i) (x  4)(x  5)(x  6)  0

46 PINEGROVE
 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS & EXPRESSIONS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

EXERCISE - III
ANSWERS
Linear
1 1 x EXERCISE - I
1. (i) 0 (ii) 0 (iii) 0
x x 1 x 1
 1 1  1 
x 1 x 1 1. (i)  , 3  (ii)  3 ,   (iii)  3 ,  
(iv) 0 (v)  0      
x 1 x 1 2
 1  7 
(iv)  , 3  (v)   3 ,  
Quadratic    

1  7  2 
2. (i) x(x – 1)  0 (ii) x   0 2. (i)  ,  3  (ii) (4, ) (iii)   3 ,  
x    
1 1 (iv) [–4, )
(iii)  0 (iv) x(x – 1)  2x 3. (i) (–7, 2) (ii) (–, –8)  (–5, )
x x 1
(iii) (–, 11]  [121, ) (iv) [–1, 0]
1
(v) x0 4. (i) (–, 1]  [4, ) (ii) (1, 2)
x
(iii) (–, 6)  (9, ) (iv) [–13, 14]
Linear-Quadratic
5. (i) (–, 2)  (4, ) (ii) No solution
x  1 x +1 2(x  3) 1 (iii) [–8, 4] (iv) no solution
3. (i)  <2 (ii) 
x x 1 x(x  6) x  1 6. (1, 4]  (7, ) (ii) (–3, –2]  [2, 3)
2(x  4) 1  7
  3 
(iii) (x  1)(x  7)  x  2 (iii) (1, 2)  (3, ) (iv) 0, 8    2 ,  
   
2x 1 1 1 1 7. (i) (1, 2)
4. (i) 2
 (ii) + > (ii) (–, –4)  [–2, ) – {3}
x 9 x+2 x  2 x 1 x
Higher Degree Polynomials  2 3 
(iii)  ,  5    7 ,   (iv) no solution
7 9    
5. (i) (x  2)(x  3) + x  3 +1< 0
8. (i) [1, 2]  [3, 4)  (5, 6)
20 10 (ii) (–, 1]  [2, 3]  (4, 5)  (6, )
(ii) (x  3)(x  4) + x  4 +1> 0
(iii) (1, 2)  (3, 4)  (5, 6)
(iv) (–, 1)  (2, 3)  (4, 5)  (6, )
(x  2)(x  4)(x  7)
(iii) (x + 2)(x + 4)(x + 7) > 1 EXERCISE - II
(x  1)(x  2)(x  3)  1 1 
(iv) (x +1)(x + 2)(x + 3) > 1 1. (i) (–, –1] (ii)  ,  2  (iii)  2 ,  
   
(v) (x2 + 3x + 1)(x2 + 3x – 3)  5 (iv) [5, )
(vi) (x2 – x – 1)(x2 – x – 7) < –5 2. (i) (–, –2) (ii) [2, ) (iii) (–, –2)
(iv) (–, 3]
2x  2
(vii) (x2  2x)(2x  2)  9 0
 1  1 1
x 2  2x
3. (i)  , 2   (2,  ) (ii)  3 , 2 
   
2 2x + 3
(viii) (x + 3x)(2x + 3)  16 0 (iii) (–, 2)  (2, ) (iv) (–, )
x 2 + 3x
4. (i) [–3, 2) (ii) no solution
(iii) (–, –5)  (–5, ) (iv) {1}
5. (i) [–3, 2)
(ii) (–, –4)  [–3, 3)  [6, )
  8
(iii)  ,  7    2, 7    3 ,  
 

PINEGROVE 47
 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS & EXPRESSIONS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

1 
6. (i) (–, –2)  (–1, 0)   2 ,  
 
(ii) (–, 0)  (1, 2)  (3, )
(iii) (–5, 0)  (1, 2)  (6, )
 3 3  2
7. (i)  , 5    2 ,3    7 
     

 2 1  3 2 3 
(ii)  7 , 2    5 , 3    2 ,3 
     

1 3 2
(iii)  2 , 2 , 3 
 
 2 7 2 
(iv)  7 , 2    3 ,   – {3}
   

EXERCISE - III

1. (i) (–, 0) (ii) (1, ) (iii) [0, 1)

(iv) (–, –1]  (1, ) (v) [–1, 1)
2. (i) (–, 0]  [1, ) (ii) (–, –1)  (0, 1)
(iii) (–, 0)  (1, )
(iv) [0, 3] (v) (–1, 0)  (1, )
  1
3. (i) (–, –1)   0, 2   (1, )
 
(ii) (–, 0)  (1, 6) (iii) (1, 2)  (7, )
4. (i) (–, –3)  (–2, 3)
(ii)   2,0   1, 2   (2, )
5. (i) (–5, 1)  (2, 3)
(ii) (–, –2)  (–1, 3)  (4, )
(iii) (–, –7)  (–4, –2)
(iv) (–, –3)  (–2, –1)
(v) (–, –4]  [–2, –1]  [1, )
(vi) (–2, –1)  (2, 3)
(vii) (–, –1]  (0, 1]  (2, 3]

***********

48 PINEGROVE
SEQUENCE&SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

SEQUENCE AND SERIES

W.E-1: Find the first negative term of the sequence
SYNOPSIS
1 1 3
Sequence: 20,19 ,18 ,17 ,......
4 2 4
A set of numbers is arranged in a definite order Sol: The given sequence is an A.P in which first term
according to some definite rule is called a sequence. a=20 and common difference d=-3/4.
e.g. 2, 4, 6, 8, ....., is a sequence Let the nth term of the given A.P. be the first negative
 A sequence is a function whose domain is a set of term. Then, an  0
natural numbers. If the range of a sequence is a  a  ( n  1) d  0  20  ( n  1)( 3 / 4)  0
subset of real numbers (or complex numbers), then
83 3n
it is called a real sequence (or complex sequence)    0  83  3n  0  3n  83
4 4
Series:
2
 n  27
The sum of the terms of a sequence is called a series. 3  n  28
 If a1 , a2 , a3 ,...... is a sequence, then the expression thus, 28th term of the given sequence is the first
negative term.
a1  a2  a3  ...... is a series
W.E-2: If 100 times the 100th term of an A.P with
 A series is called finite series, if it has finite number
non-zero common difference equals the 50
of terms. Otherwise it is called infinite series.
times of 50th term, then find 150th term of
e.g .i) 1+3+5+ ..........+21 is a finite series. this A.P. (AIEEE 2012)
ii) 2+4+6+8+....... is an infinite series.
Sol: 100 T100  50 T50 ; 100(a+99d)=50(a+49d)
 Sequences following specific patterns are called
2a+198d=a+49d ; a+149d=0
progressions.
T150  a  149d  0
Arithmetic progression (A.P):-
Sum to n terms of an A.P:
 A sequence is called an arithmetic progression, if
the difference between any two consecutive terms n n
Sn   a  l    2a   n  1 d 
is the same. 2 2
 A.P is of the form a, a  d , a  2d , a  3d ..... where a  first term, l  last term
where a is 1st term and d is common difference d  common difference
 If the sum of n terms of a sequence S n is given,
General term of an A.P:
then its n th term Tn can be determined by
 Let ‘a’ be the first term and ‘d’ be common
difference of an A.P, then its genaral term (or) Tn  S n  S n 1
n th term is Tn  a   n  1 d W.E-3: How many terms are to be added to make
the sum 52 in the series (-8)+(-6)+ (-4)+....?
 If ‘ l ’ be the last term and ‘d’ be common difference
n
Sol: S n  52   2  8    n  1 2   52
of an A.P, then m th term from the end 2
Tm' = l -(m-1)d  n  2n  18  104
 th
m th term from the end = (n-m+1) term from the  n  n  9   52  n  13
beginning.

PINEGROVE 49
 SEQUENCE&SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

W.E-4: Let a1 , a2 ,....., an be the terms of an A.P.. 1

W.E-5: If 1, log 3  3  2  , log 3  4.3  1 are in
1 x x

2
a1  a2  .....  a p
p2 a6
If a  a  .....  a = 2 , p  q then find a . A.P, then find x.
1 2 q q 12
1
Sol: 1, log 3  3  2  , log 3  4.3  1 are in A.P
1 x x
Sol: 2
 log 3  31 x  2   1  log 3  4.3x  1
p
 2a1   p  1 d   2a1   p  1 d  p
2 p2
 2    log 3  31 x  2   log 3 3  log 3  4.3x  1
q q  2 a   q  1 d  q
 2a1   q  1 d   1 
 log 3  31 x  2   log 3 3  4.3x  1
2
 p 1    31 x  2   3  4.3x  1
a1   d p
 2  a
  For 6 , p  11, q  41  3.3 x  2  12.3x  3
 q 1  q a21
a1   d
 2  3
  2  12t  3,  where t  3x 
a 11 t
 6 
a21 41  3  2t  12t 2  3t  12t 2  5t  3  0
  4t  3 3t  1  0
Properties of A.P:-
3 1 3
 a, b, c are in AP  2b  a  c  t  ,  3x   3x  0 
4 3 4
 In a finite A.P, the sum of the terms equidistant from
the begining and the end is always same and is equal 3
 x  log 3    1  log 3 4
to the sum of the first and last term 4
i.e., a2  an 1  a3  an  2  a4  an 3  a1  an Selection of terms in an A.P:
  a1  a2  a3  ......  an  Number Terms C.D
of terms
n   middle term , if n isodd

 n 3 a-d, a, a+d d
   sumof twomiddle terms  , if n iseven
2 4 a-3d, a-d, a+d, a+3d 2d
 If a1 , a2 , a3...........an are in A.P then
5 a-2d, a-d, a, a+d, a+2d d
a) an , an 1 ,.....a3 , a2 , a1 are in A.P
6 a-5d, a-3d, a-d, a+d, a+3d, a+5d 2d
b) a1   , a2   , a3   ; ....... an   are in A.P
(where   R )
W.E-6: If the sum of four numbers in A.P is 24
c)  a1 ,  a2 ,  a3 ; ....... an are in A.P and the sum of their squares is 164 then find
(where   R  {0} ) those numbers.
Sol: (a-3d)+(a-d)+(a+d)+(a+3d)=24
 p th term of an A.P. is ‘q’ and qth term is ‘p’, then
 4a  24  a  6
Tp  q  0 2 2 2 2
 a  3d    a  d    a  d    a  3d   164
 If mth term of an A.P. is ‘n’ and nth term is ‘m’
 2  a 2  9d 2   2  a 2  d 2   164
then p th term is ‘m+n-p’
 If S p  q and S q  p for an A.P., then  a 2  5d 2  41  36  5d 2  41  d  1
required numbers are 3,5,7,9
S pq    p  q 
50 PINEGROVE
 SEQUENCE&SERIES
Some Facts about A.P:-
 If a1 , a2 , a3 ........an
and b1 , b2 , b3 ........bn are two A.P’s then
a) a1  b1 , a2  b2 ,......... are in AP
a1 a2 a3
b) a1b1 , a2b2 , a3b3 ......... and b , b , b .......... are
1 2 3 tn  an 2  bn  c  1 Putting n=1,2,3 in 1 ,
not in A.P
c) If the terms of an A.P. are chosen at regular intervals,
then they form an A.P
 If a constant ‘k’ is added to each term of A.P., with
common difference ‘d’, then the resulting sequence
also will be in A.P., with common difference (d+k).
 If every term is multiplied by a constant ‘k’, then
the resulting sequence will also be in A.P., with the
first term ‘ka’ and common difference ‘kd’.
 If n th term of the sequence
Tn  An  B (i.e) [Linear expression in n ]
then the sequence is A.P with first term is ‘A+B’
and common difference A  coefficient of n 
 If sum of n terms of a sequence is
S n  An 2  Bn  C (i.e.Quadratic exprssion in n )
then the sequence is A.P with first term is 3A+B
and common difference is 2A. Also in this sequence
nth term Tn = 2An + (A+B)
 If the ratio of the sums of n terms of two A.P.’s is
given then the ratio of their nth terms may be
obtained by replacing n with  2n  1 in the given
ratio.
 If the ratio of nth terms of two A.P.’s is given, then
the ratio of the sums of their n terms may be
n 1
obtained by replacing n with in the given
2  5n  n  47    n  2 360
ratio
 Sum of the interior angles of a polygon of ‘n’ sides
is  n  2 180
0
 The nth common term of two Arithmetic Series is
( L.C.M of common difference of 1st series and
2nd series )( n-1)+ 1st common term of both series
PINEGROVE
JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I
W.E-7: Find the nth term of the sequence
5,15,29,47,69,95,...
Sol: The given sequence is not an A.P. but the successive
differences between the various terms
i.e. (15-5),(29-15),(47-29),(69-47),(95-69),....
i.e. 10,14,18,22,26,..... are in A.P
Let nth term of the given sequence be
we get t1  a  b  c  a  b  c  5   2 
t2  4a  2b  c  4a  2b  c  15   3
t3  9a  3b  c  9a  3b  c  29   4 
Solving (2),(3),(4), we get a=2,b=4,c=-1.
 the nth term of the given sequence is
t n  2 n 2  4n  1
W.E-8:The sum of the first n terms of two A.P’s
are in the ratio (2n+3):(3n-1). Find the ratio
of 5th terms of these A.P’s.
S n 2n  3
Sol: Given that S '  3n  1
n
tn 2  2n  1  3 4n  1
The ratio of nth terms t '  3 2n  1  1  6n  4
n  
t5 : t5'  21: 26
W.E-9: The interior angles of a polygon are in
A.P. the smallest angle is 1200 and the common
difference is 50 . Find the number of sides of
the polygon .
Sol: Given a=1200, d= 50
Sum of the interior angles of a polygon of n sides
0
is  n  2 180
n
  2 120    n  1 5   n  2 180
2
 n 5n  235   n  2  360
 n2  47n   n  2 72
 n2  25n  144  0   n  9  n  16  0
 n  9 or 16
(Since neglecting n=16, Since that case largest angle
is [120+(15)5]=195, which is not possible no
longer angle of a polygon is more than 180)
 n=9
51
 SEQUENCE&SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

W.E-10: Find 12th common term of two Arithmetic W.E-12 : If n arithmetic means are inserted
Series 7+10+13+..... and 4+11+18+......... . between 2 and 38, then the sum of the resulting
series is obatined as 200, then find the value
Sol: The nth common term of between two series = ( of n.
L.C.M of common difference of 1st series and 2nd Sol: We have
series )( n-1) + 1st common term of both series.
n2
=(L.C.M of 3,7) (12-1)+25 =21(11)+25 =256  2  38  200  n  2  10  n  8
2
Arithmetic mean of the mth power : Let
W.E-11: Find the number of common terms to the
two sequences 17,21,25,...,417 and a1 , a2 ,...an be n positive real number (not all equal)
16,21,26,...,466. a1m  a2m  .....  anm
& let m be real number then
Sol: series 17,21,25,.,417 has common difference4 n
m
series 16,21,26,...,466 has common difference 5  a  a  .....  an 
 1 2  m  R   0,1
LCM of 4 and 5 is 20, the first common term is  n 
21. Hence, the series is 21,41,61,...,401; which m
 a  a  ...an 
has 20 terms.  1 2  m   0,1
 n 
Arithmetic mean (A.M):  a  a  ...  an 
m

The Arithmetic mean A of any two numbers a and  1 2  m  0,1

 n 
ab
b is given by 2
, where a, A, b are in AP n 1
W.E-13: Prove that 1  2  .....  n  n
2
 If a1 , a2 , a3 ......an are n numbers then Arithmetic
1
mean A of these numbers is given by 1  2  .....  n  1  2  3  ...  n  2
Sol:  
1 n  n 
A   a1  a2  .....  an 
n 1
  n  1  2 1
 The n numbers A1 , A2 , A3 ....... An are said to be n    n  1  2
 2  
Arithmetic means between a and b if  
 n   2 
a, A1 , A2 , A3 ......... An , b are in AP  
 
Here a  First term
n 1
b   n  2  th term =a+(n+1)d  1  2  .....  n  n
2
ba
then, d Geometric Progression (G.P):- A Sequence
n 1 is called a Geometric progression, if the ratio of
ba any two consecutive terms is the same
A1  a 
n 1  G.P is of the form a, ar , ar 2 , ar 3 ........ , Where
2 b  a  a is the first term and r is the common ratio
A2  a  , ..... Genaral term of G.P:- If ‘a’ be the first term
n 1
and ‘r’ be the common ratio, then general term (or)
n b  a  n 1
An  a  nth term of G..P is Tn  ar
n 1
 The nth term from the end of a finite G.P consisting
a  b of m terms = ar m  n
A1  A2  A3  .....  An  n 
 2 

52 PINEGROVE
 SEQUENCE&SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

 The nth term from the end of a finite G.P with last W.E-16: Three Possitive numbers from an
n 1
increasing G.P. If the middle term in this G.P
 l  is doubled, the new number are in A.P Then
term l and common ratio r is l  
 r  find the common ratio of the G.P. [JEE-2014]
Sum to n terms of a G.P: Sol: Let a, ar , ar 2 be in G.P and r>1.
 a) sum of n terms
 1 r n  Given a, 2ar , ar 2 are in A.P .
2 n1
Sn  a  ar  ar  ....  ar  a  , if r  1
 1 r  2 2
 2  2ar   a  ar  r  4r  1  0

 r n 1 
 a  , if r  1 = na., if r =1 4  16  4
 r 1  r  2  3 r  1  r  2  3
2
b) If l be the last term of the G.P., then l =ar n-1 ,
Selection of terms in G.P:
a  lr lr  a
Sn  , if r  1  , if r  1 No. of Terms Common terms
1 r r 1
ratio
 If the number of terms are infinite, then the sum of a
a 3 , a, ar r
2 r
G..P. is S  a  ar  ar  ........  if r  1
1 r
W.E-14: If the third term of G.P is 4, then find the a a
4 , , ar , ar 3
product of first 5terms. r3 r r2
Sol: Given t3  ar 2  4
a a
Product of first 5 terms = 5 a, ar , ar 2 r
r2 r
2 5
 a  ar   ar 2  ar 3  ar 4   a5 r10   ar   45 =1024
a a a
W.E-15: If 6 , ar , ar 3 , ar 5 2
5 3
r r r r
9 1 8 2 7 9 9
10   2 11 10   3 11 10   ......  10 11  k 10  ,
W.E-17: Three numbers are in G.P. Whose sum is
then find k. [JEE MAIN 2014]
70, if the extremes be each multiplied by 4 and
Sol:
the mean by 5, they will be in A.P. then find
9 1 8 2 7 9
k 10   10  2 11 10   3 11 10   ....  10 11
9
the sum of numbers.
 11   11   11 
2 9 Sol: Let the numbers be a, ar , ar 2 and sum=70
 k  1 2    3    ....  10    1
 10   10   10  
 a 1 r  r
2
  70  1
2 3 10
11k 11  11   11   11  it is given that 4a, 5ar , 4ar 2 are in A.P
  2    3    ....  10     2 
10 10  10   10   10  2 2
2 9 10
 2  5ar   4a  4ar  5r  2  2r
k 11  11   11   11 
1   2     1     ....     10   2
 2r  5r  2  0   2r  1 r  2   0
10 10  10   10   10 
10
 11   1 1
  10 10 10  r  2, put r=2 in (1), then a=10
 10   11   11   11  2
  10    10    10  10  
11  10   10   10  1
1
10 put r  in (1), then a=40
2
k  The numbers are 10,20,40 or 40,20,10.
  10  k  100
10  Sum of the numbers =70

PINEGROVE 53
 SEQUENCE&SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

Properties of G.P:- W.E-18: If the sides of a triangle are in G.P and

 a, b, c are in G..P  b 2  ac it’s larger angle is twice the smallest, then find
 In a finite G.P, the product of the terms equidistant the common ratio r satisfies the inequality.
from the begining and end is always same and is Sol: Let the sides of a triangle be a / r , a and ar , with
equal to the product of the first and last terms a>0 and r>1. let  be the smallest angle. So that
(i.e) a2 an 1  a3an  2  a4 an 3 ........  a1.an the largest angle is 2  . then  is opossite to the
side a/r, and 2  is positive to the side ar. Applying
 a1 .a2 .a3 .......an =(middle term)n ,if n is odd
a/r ar
=(Product of two middle terms)n/2, if n is even sine rule, we get 
sin  sin 2
 If a1 , a2 , a3 ,......an are in G.P
sin 2
  r 2  r 2  2cos   2
a) an , an 1 , an  2 ,..........a1 are in G.P sin 
b)  a1 ,  a2 ,  a3 ,........,  an are in G.P  r2  2  r  2

   R  {0} 1  r  2

c) a1n , a2n , a3n ,...... ann are in G.P for n R Geometric mean (G.M):- The geometric mean
1 1 1 1 G of any two numbers ‘a’ and ‘b’ is given by ab
d) , , ........
a1 a2 a3 an are in G.P where a, G, b are in G.P
 If a1 , a2 , a3 ,.......an be n numbers then geometric
 If a1 , a2 , a3 .....an is a G.P of non zero, non negative
1
terms then log a1 , log a2 ,log a3 .......log an are in mean of these numbers is  a1.a2 .a3 .....an  n
A.P and vice versa  The n numbers G1 , G2 , G3 ,......Gn are said to be
Some facts about G.P :-
geometric means between ‘a’ and ‘b’. If
 If a1 , a2 , a3 ,.....an and b1 , b2 , b3 ,.....bn are two
a, G1 , G2 , G3 ,........, Gn , b are in G.P
G.P’s with common ratio r1 and r2 respetively, then
Here a  First term ; b   n  2  th term
a) a1  b1 , a2  b2 , a3  b3 .........an  bn are not in
1 1
G.P  b  n 1  b  n1
then r    ; G1  a   ;
b) a1b1 , a2b2 , a3b3 ,.........anbn are in G..P with a a
common ratio r1r2 2 n
 b  n 1  b  n1
a1 a2 a3 a G2  a   ........ ; Gn  a  
c) , , ............. n are in G.P with common a a
b1 b2 b3 bn
n
r1 G1 G2 G3 .........Gn   
ab =  GM of a, b 
n

ratio r
2  If ‘a’ and ‘b’ are two numbers of opposite signs,
Increasing and decreasing G.P:- the G.M. between them does not exist.
 Let a, ar, ar2, ....... be G..P
W.E-19: Find the geometric mean between -9 and
a) If a  0; r  1 then it is an increasing G..P
16 .
b) If a  0; 0  r  1 then it is decreasing G..P Sol:
c) If a  0; r  1 then it is decreasing G.P
Required G..M =  9   16   3i  4 i    12
d) If a  0;0  r  1 then it is an increasing G.P

54 PINEGROVE
 SEQUENCE&SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

W.E-20:If we insert two numbers between 3 and

81 so that the resulting sequence is G.P then To Find nth term by Difference Method:
find the numbers.
If T1 , T2 ,...., Tn are terms of any series and their
Sol: Let the two numbers be a and b, then 3,a,b,81 are
in G.P. difference T2  T1  , T3  T2  , T4  T3  ,......,
n 1
 nth term Tn  AR ; 81  3R 4 1
Tn  Tn1  are either in A.P. or in G..P., then Tn and
81
3
 R   27  R 3  33  R  3 S n of series may be found by the method of
3
 a  AR  3  3  9, b  AR
2
 3  32  27 differences. Let S n  T1  T2  ....  Tn

Arithmetico - Geometric progression again S n  T1  T2  ....  Tn 1  Tn

(A.G.P): A sequence is called an arithmerico-
Sn  Sn  T1  T2  T1   T3  T2   ....  Tn  Tn 1   Tn
geometric progression, if each term is the product
of the corresponding terms of an A.P. and a G.P.,
Tn  T1  (T2  T1 )  (T3  T2 )  ....  Tn  Tn 1 
 If a, a+d, a+2d, a+3d,.......is an A.P and b, br,
br 2 ,.......is in G.P. then ab, (a+d)br, (a+2d) br 2 , Tn  T1  t1  t2  .......  tn 1
............ is an A .G .P
 The general form of an A.G..P is a, where t1 , t2 ,......., tn 1 are terms of the new series.
(a+d)r,(a+2d) r 2 , ...........
Genaral term of A.G.P: W.E-22: Find the sum of upto n terms of series :
Genaral term of an A .G .P is 5+7+13+31+85+....
n 1
Tn   a   n  1 d  .r where a = first term, d = Sol: The difference between the successive terms are
common difference and r = common ratio. 2,6,18,54,.....Clearly it is a G..P. Let Tn be
Sum to n term of an A .G .P : the nth term of the given series and S n be the sum
 a
  dr
1  r n1    a   n  1 d  r n  r  1 of its n terms, then
2
1  r 1  r  1 r 
Sn    S n  5  7  1 3  3 1  ..  T n  1 
n 
  2 a   n  1 d   when r  1  Sn  5  7  1 3  ...  T n  1  T n  2 
2 
 If the number of terms are infinite, then the sum of Subtracting (2) from (1)
a dr
A.G..P is S    when r  1 0  5   2  6  18  54  ...  Tn  Tn 1    Tn
1  r  1  r 2
W.E-21: Find the nth term of arithmetico- 3n 1  1
geometric series 1  3 x  5 x  7 x  ...... 2 3
 0  52
3 1
 
 Tn  Tn  5  3n 1  1  4  3n 1

Sol: The given arithmetico-geometric series is n n n n

1  3 x  5 x 2  7 x 3  ...... . The A.P. corresponding Sn   Tk    4  3k 1    4   3k 1
to this series is 1,3,5,7, .... and the G.P. k 1 k 1 k 1 k 1

2 3
corresponding to this series is1,   x  ,   x  ,   x  ,.....  n

clearly, the nth term of the A.P.={1+(n-1)(2)}=2n-1  2
 4n  1  3  3  ....  3
n 1
  4n  1 33 11 
 
and the nth term of G.P= 1  x   n 1
   1 n 1
.x n 1

 3n  1  1 n
 the nth term of the given series  4n      3  8n  1
n 1 n 1  2  2
=  2n  1 1 .x n 1 =  1  2n  1 .x n1

PINEGROVE 55
 SEQUENCE&SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

W.E-23: Find the Sum to infinity of the series Harmonic Progression (H.P): A sequence
is in H.P, if the reciprocals of its terms form an A.P.
2 6 10 14
1     .... is [AIEEE 2009]  In general H.P is of the form
3 32 33 34
1 1 1 1
2 6 10 14 , , ........
Sol: Let S  1      .... --(1) a a  d a  2d a   n 1 d
3 32 33 34 where a = first term, d=common difference in A.P.
1 1 2 6 10 Properties of H.P:
S   2  3  4  .... -------(2)
3 3 3 3 3 2 1 1
Subtracting (2) from (1)  a, b, c are in H .P   
b a c
 1 1 4 4 4  If a1 , a2 , a3 ,..........an are in H.P then
S 1    1   2  3  4  ....
 3 3 3 3 3 (a) an , an 1 ,..........a3 , a2 , a1 are in H.P
2 4 4 1 1 (b)  a1 ,  a2 ,  a3 ,..........  a3 are in H.P    R 
S    2 (1   2  ....)
3 3 3 3 3
a1 a2 a3 a
(c) , , ........ n are in H.P where   0
     
2 4 4 1  4 4 3 (d) If a, b are the first two terms of an H.P, then the
S  2   . 2
3 3 3  1  1  3 32 2  S=3 ab
 3 nth term= b   n  1 a  b 
(e) If m th term of H.P.is ‘n’ and nth term of H.P is ‘m’,
W.E-24: Find the sum of the infinite series
mn
4 9 16 then Tr 
1    .... . r
3 32 33
1
Sol: This is clearly not an AG.P Series, since 1,4,9,16.... W.E.25: The 5th and 11th terms of an H.P are
are not in A.P. However their successive differences 45
4-1=3,9-4=5,16-9=7, ... are in A.P. 1
and respectively, then find 16th term .
4 9 16 69
Let S  1   2  3  ... -(1) Sol: The 5th and 11th terms of the corresponding A.P.
3 3 3
are 45 and 69 respectively. Let a be the first term
1 1 4 9 and d be the common difference of the
S     ... -(2)
3 3 32 33 corresponding A.P then,5th term = a+4d=45.......(i)
Subtracting (2) from (1) and 11th term = a+10d=69......(ii)
solving equations (i) and (ii), we get a=29, d=4
2 3 5 7  the 16th term of the A.P =a+15d=29+15(4)=89
S  1   2  3  ....  
3 3 3 3 hence, the 16th term of the H.P=1/89
1 2 1 3 5 Harmonic Mean (H.M):- The harmonic mean
. S   2  3  ....  
3 3 3 3 3 H of any two numbers a and b is given by
2ab
4 2 2 H , where a, H , b are in H.P..
on Subtracting   .S   1   2  ...   ab
9 3 3
 If a1 , a2 , a3 .........an be n numbers then H.M of
2 1 1 
 1  1   2  ...    n
3 3 3  these numbers is H 
1 1 1 1
   ... 
  a1 a2 a3 an
2 1   9 9
 1    2  S   2    1 11 1 1 1
3  1 1   4 2  H  n  a  a  a  ........ a 
   1 n 
 3 2 3

56 PINEGROVE
 SEQUENCE&SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

 The n numbers H1 , H 2 , H 3 ........H n are said to  The equation having a and b as its roots is
be harmonic means between a and b if x 2  2 Ax  G 2  0
a, H1 , H 2 , H 3 ...........H n , b are in HP..  If A, G , H are A.M, G.M, H.M between three
numbers a, b, c then the equation having a, b, c
Here a = first term ; b =  n  2  th term
If D is common difference of AP 3 3G 3
2
as its roots is x  3 Ax  x  G3  0
ab 1 1 a b H
then D   n  1 ab ;  
H1 a  n  1 ab ; an  bn
 is the A.M, G.M & H.M between
a n 1  b n 1
1 1 2 a  b 1 1 n  a  b
  ........ ;  
H 2 a  n  1 ab H n a  n  1 ab 1
a and b for n  1, , 0 respectively
2
1 1 1 1 n 1 1
   .........       If A and G be the A.M. and G..M between two
H1 H 2 H 3 Hn 2  a b  positive numbers, then the numbers are
 If x1 , x2 , x3 ,....xn are n-H.M’s between a and b, A  A2  G 2
ab  n  1  If the A.M. and G.M. between two numbers are in
then x1  b n  1  a  b , the ratio m : n , then the numbers are in the ratio
   
m  m2  n 2 : m  m2  n 2
ab  n  1 ab  n  1
x2  , .. xn 
b  n  1  2  a  b  b  n  1  n  a  b 
W.E-27: Let two numbers have arithmetic mean
9 and geometric mean 4. then find the numbers
W.E-26: Find two H.M’s between 1/2,4/17.
are the roots of the quadratic equation.
Sol: Let x1 and x2 be two H.M’s between1/2,4/17
Sol: The A.M. of the two numbers is A=9 and the G.M
1 4 of two numbers is G=4
 a , b , n2
2 17
The quadratic equation whose roots are the
 1  4  numbers having A.M and G.M. are A,G
3   
ab  2  1 3ab  2  17   4 respectively is x 2  2 Ax  G 2  0 .So, the required
x1   
b  2  1  1  a  b  a  2b  1   4  11
   2  quadratic equation is x 2  18 x  16  0
 2   17 
W.E-28: Find two numbers whose arithmetic
 1  4 
3   
ab  2  1
mean is 34 and geometric mean is 16.
3ab  2  17   2
x2   
b  2  1  2  a  b  2a  b 1  4  7 ab
2     Sol: Let the two numbers be a and b then =34
 2   17  2
and ab =16
Relations between A.M, G.M, H.M:- Let
A, G , H be A.M, G.M and H.M between two  a+b=68 and ab=256
2 2
numbers a and b then   a  b    a  b   4ab
ab 2ab
 A ; G  ab ; H  2
  68   4  256   3600  a-b=60
2 ab
 AG  H on solving a+b=68 and a-b=60, we get a=64, and
 A, G , H are in GP (i.e) G 2  AH b=4. thus, the required numbers are 64 and 4.

PINEGROVE 57
 SEQUENCE&SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

W.E-29: The H.M. between two numbers is 16/ Summation of some series of natural numbers:
5, their A.M. is A and G.M. is G. If n
2A+G2=26 then find the numbers.   1  1  1  1  ............  1 n terms   n
k 1
2ab 16
Sol: Given H.M of a and b is  n
1
ab 5   k  1  2  3  ...  n  2 n  n  1
5ab k 1
 ab   1 n
8 1
 k 2  12  22  ...  n 2  n  n  1 2n  1
 6
2  ab k 1
Given 2 A  G  26  2    ab  26 n
 n 
2
 2   3 3 3 3
k 1  2  ...  n   k   1 2  3 ...  n
2
k1  k1 
5ab
  a  b   ab  26   ab  26  ab  16 2
8 1  1 2
  n  n  1   n 2  n  1
5 2  4
From (1), a  b  16   a  b  10   2 
8 n
2
  a  b    a  b   4ab  100  64  36
2
 1  3  5  .... n terms    2k  1  n 2
k 1

 a  b  6   3 Solving (2) and (3) n

a=8, b=2  2  4  6  .... n terms    2k  n  n  1


k 1

n
Weighted Means: Let a1 , a2 ,...an be n positive 2
 12  32  52  .....  n terms    2k  1
real numbers and m1 , m2 , m3 ...mn be n positive k 1

rational numbers. Then we have weighted n

Arithmetic mean A, Weighted geometric mean G 
3
 4n2  1
and weighted harmonic mean H as
n
2
m a  m2 a2  .....  mn an  22  42  62  .....  n terms    2k 
A 1 1 , k 1
m1  m2  m3  .....  mn
1 and 2
 n  n  1 2n  1

G  a a .....am1 m2
1 2
mn
n  m1  m2 ........ mn
3
n
m  m2  .....  mn 13  33  53  .....  n terms    2k  1
3
H 1 
m1 m2 m k 1
  .....  n Then we have
a1 a2 an  n 2  2n 2  1
A  G  H . Moreover equality hold at either  Sum of n terms of series
place  a1  a2  ...  an
 n  n  1
W.E-30: If 2p+3q+4r=15, then find the maximum  , if n is odd
 2
value of p3q5r 7 .
Sol: Since 12  22  32  42  52  ......  n  n  1
, if nis even
 2
2p

3

2p

3

2p

3
  3q

5
 ... 
3q

5
 5 times    4r

7
 ... 
4r

7
 7 times 
W.E-31: 13  23  33  43  ....  93 
15 Sol: 13  23  33  43  ....  93 
3
 2 p   3q   4r 
5 7
 13  23  ...  93   2  23  43  ...83 
 15        AM  GM 
 3   5   7  2
 9  9  1 
 2   2  2 1  2  3  4 
3 3 3 3 3

233547
3 5 7 3 5 7 5577  
p q r 3 5 7 1 p q r  3 2 7
357 234  2025  1600  425

58 PINEGROVE
 SEQUENCE&SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

Note: If x  1 then ADVANCED

1
MAIN POINTS
1. 1  x   1  x  x 2  x 3  ......
 SUM OF MISCELLANEOUS SERIES
2
2. 1  x   1  2 x  3 x 2  4 x 3  ...... (i) Difference Method
Suppose a1, a2,a3, ............ is a sequence such that
3 2 3
3. 1  x   1  3 x  6 x  10 x  ...... the sequence a2 – a1, a3 – a2, ........... is either an
A.P. or G.P. The nth term ‘an’ of this sequence is
1
4. 1  x   1  x  x 2  x 3  ...... obtained as follows.
2
S = a1 + a2 + a3 + .......... + an–1 + an
5. 1  x   1  2 x  3 x 2  4 x 3  ...... S= a1 + a2 + .......... + an–2 + an–1 + an
3
6. 1  x   1  3 x  6 x 2  10 x 3  ...... an  a1   a2 a1   a3 a2  .........  an an1 
General rule for finding the values of Since the terms within the brackets are either in an
recurring decimal: Let X denote the figure A.P. or in a G.P. we can find the value of an, the nth
which do not recur and assume they are l in number. term. We can now find the sum of the n terms of
Let Y denote recurring period of consisting of m n

figures. Let R denote the value of recurring decimal the sequence as S   a k

k 1


then R  XYYY.... (or) R  X Y (ii) Vn – Vn–1 Method
Let T1, T2, T3 , ... be the terms of a sequence. If
10l R  X .YYY and 10l  m R  XY .YYY
there exists a sequence V1, V2, V3 ... satisfying
XY  X Tk = Vk – Vk–1, k  1,
 Subtracting we get R 
10l  m  10l n n

  623  6 617 then Sn   Tk   (Vk  Vk 1 )  Vn  V0 .

k 1 k 1
E.g: 0.6 23  
990 990
Illustration 19 :Find the sum of n terms of the
  243  2 241 1231 series 3 + 7 + 14 + 24 + 37 + ... .
E.g: 1.2 43  1   1 
990 990 990 Sol: Clearly here the differences between the
successive terms are
Sum of the products of two terms of a
sequence : 7 – 3, 14 – 7, 24 – 14, ... i.e., 4, 7, 10, ...
which are in A.P.  Tn = an2 + bn + c
To obtain the sum a a
i j
i j , we use the identity Thus we have 3 = a + b + c, 7 = 4a + 2b + c
and 14 = 9a + 3b + c
2
2 a ia j   a1  a 2  ...  a n    a12  a 22  ...  a n2  3 1
i j Solving we get, a  , b   , c  2 .
2 2
Cauchy-Schwartz’s In equality If a1 , a2 , a3 ,...an 1
Hence Tn  (3n 2  n  4)
and b1 , b2 ,...bn are 2n real numbers, then 2
2 1
 a1b1  a2b2  ...  anbn    a12  a22  ...  an2   Sn = [3n 2  n  4n]
2
b 1
2
 b22  ...  bn2  with the equality holding if and 1  n(n  1) (2n  1) n(n  1)
 3 

 4n 
a1 a2 an 2 6 2 
only if b  b ...  b n
1 2 n
 (n 2  n  4)
2
PINEGROVE 59
 SEQUENCE&SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

Illustration 20 :Find the sum of n terms of the w1  w 2  ...  w n

and H*  .
series 3 + 8 + 22 + 72 + 266 + 1036 + ..... w1 w 2 wn
  ... 
Sol: 1st difference 5, 14, 50, 194, 770, ... a1 a 2 an
2nd difference 9, 36, 144, 576, ..... A³ G ³ H More over equality holds at either place
They are in G.P. whose nth term is ar n–1 n–1
= a4 if & only if a1 = a2 ............=.an
 Tn of the given series will be of the form (iii) Cauchy’s Schwartz Inequality:
Tn = a4n–1 + bn + c If a1, a2, .........an and b1, b2,.........., bn are
2n real numbers, then
T1 = a + b + c = 3
(a1b1 + a2b2 +.............+ an bn)2  (a12 +
T2 = 4a + 2b + c = 8 a22 +............+ an2) (b12 + b22 +..........+ b2n)
T3 = 16a + 3b + c = 22. Solving with the equality holding if and only if
we have a = 1, b = 2, c = 0. a1 a 2 a
  ..........  n .
 Tn = 4n–1 + 2n b1 b 2 bn
 Sn = Illustration 21:Prove that
1 ab
a b
 4 n 1  2n  (4 n  1)  n(n  1) .    a b .ba , a,b  N;a  b.
3  2 
 INEQUALITIES Sol: Let us consider b quantities each equal to a and a
(i) quantities each equal to b. Then since
A.M.  G.M.  H.M.
A.M. > G.M.
Let a1, a2, ..........., an be n positive real
numbers, then we define their arithmetic mean (a  a  a  ...b times)  (b  b  b  ...a times)

(A), geometric mean (G) and harmonic mean ab
1/  a  b 
a  a  .........  a n [(a.a.a...b times)  b.b.b...a times 
(H) as A 1 2 ,
n
ab  ab
1/ n n   (a b b a )1/(a  b)
G   a 1 a 2 .........a n  and H  ab
 1 1 1 1 
    ....... 
a
 1 a 2 a 3 a n  2ab
  (a b b a )1/(a  b)
It can be shown that A  G  H. Moreover equal- ab
ity holds at either place if and only if a  b 2ab
Now  (A.M. > H.M.)
a1 = a2 = ............... = an 2 ab
(ii) Weighted Means a b
ab
Let a1, a2, ..........., an be n positive real numbers     a b .b a .
 2 
and w1, w2, .........., wn be n positive rational
numbers. Then we define weighted Arithmetic mean
(A*), weighted Geometric mean (G*) and weighted
harmonic mean (H*) as

a 1 w 1  a 2 w 2  ...  a n w n
,
w 1  w 2  ...  w n
A* = 1
w w wn
G*  (a 1 1 .a 2 2 ...a n ) w 1  w 2 ...w n

60 PINEGROVE
 SEQUENCE&SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

Illustration 22:Prove that a4+ b4 + c4  abc (a + KEY POINTS

b + c), [a, b, c > 0]
A.P.
Sol: Using mth power inequality, we get
If a = first term, d = common difference and n is
4 4 4 4
a b c abc the number of terms, then
 
3  3  * nth term is denoted by tn and is given by
3 tn = a + (n – 1) d.
 a  b  c  a  b  c 
   * Sum of first n terms is denoted by Sn and is
 3  3 
given by
abc 1/ 3 3
  [(abc) ] ( A.M  G.M)
.M) n
 3  Sn  [2a  (n  1)d]
2
n
a 4  b4  c4  a  b  c  or S n  (a  l ) , where l = last term in the series
or   abc 2
3  3  i.e., l = tn = a + (n – 1) d.
 a4 + b4 + c4  abc (a + b + c). * Arithmetic mean A of any two numbers a and b
s s s 9 ab
Illustration 23: Prove that    , A .
sa sb sc 2 2
if s = a + b + c, [a, b, c > 0] * Sum of first n natural numbers (  n )
Sol:
We have to prove that n(n  1)
1 1 1 9
n  2
, where n  N .
  
b  c c  a a  b 2(a  b  c) * Sum of squares of first n natural numbers
for the proof , using mth power theorem of (  n2 )
inequality, we get

(a  b) 1  (b  c) 1  (c  a) 1 2 n(n  1) (2n  1)
 n 
6
3
1
a  b  b  c  c  a  or, * Sum of cubes of first n natural numbers (n 3 )
 3 
2
 n(n  1) 
1 1 1 9 n 3  
    2 
b  c c  a a  b 2(a  b  c)
Aliter : G.P.
A.M.  H.M. If a = first term, r = common ratio and n is the
number of terms, then
(a  b)  (b  c)  (c  a)
  * nth term, denoted by tn , is given by tn = arn–1
3
* Sum of first n terms denoted by Sn is given by
3
1 1 1 a(1  r n ) a(r n  1)
  Sn  , r  1 , or , r 1
ab bc ca 1 r r 1
1 1 1 9 In case r = 1, Sn = na.
   
a  b b  c c  a 2(a  b  c)

PINEGROVE 61
 SEQUENCE&SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

* Sum of infinite terms (S ) 1 11 1 2ab

    or H 
H 2a b ab
a
S  (for | r |  1& r  0) * If a, H1, H2... Hn, b are in H.P., then H1, H2 ... Hn are
1 r
called n H.M.s between a and b. If d is the
H.P.
common difference of the correspondingA.P., then
* If a, b are first two terms of an H.P. then
1 1 1 ab
  (n  2  1) d  d 
tn  b a ab(n  1)
1 1 1
 (n  1)   
a b a 1 1 1 ab
  id   i
* There is no formula for sum of n terms of an H.P. Hi a a ab(n  1) ;
MEANS
* If three terms are in A.P. then the middle term is ab(n  1)
called the arithmetic mean (A.M.) Hi  b(n  i  1)  ia , i  1, 2, 3, ..., n
between the other two i.e. if a, b, c are in A.P. then
* Sum of the series when i and j are dependent
ac
b is the A.M. of a and b. Consider sum of the series 0   ij . In the given
2 i j  n

* If a, A1, A2 , ... An, b are in A.P., then A1, A2, ... An summation, i and j are not independent. In the sum
are called n A.M.’s between a and b.
n n
 
   j  . Here i and j are
n n
If d is the common difference, then of series   ij 
i 1 j 1 j 1
i 1
ba
b = a + (n + 2 – 1) d  d =
n 1 independent. In this summation, there are three
b  a a(n 1 i)  ib
Ai = a + id = a + i  , types of terms, those when i < j (upper triangle), i
n 1 n 1
> j (lower triangle) and i = j (diagonal) as shown in
i = 1, 2, 3, ..., n
the diagram below.
* If three terms are in G.P. then the middle term is
called the geometric mean (G.M.) 1 1  1 2  1 3  ....  1 n
between the two. So if a, b, c are in G.P. then
2  1  2  2  2  3  ....  2  n
b  ac or b   ac corresponding to a & c both
3  1  3  2  3  3  ....  3  n
are positive or negative respectively.
* If a, G1, G2 ... Gn, b are in G.P., then G1, G2 ... Gn ... .... .... .... .....
are called n G.M.s between a and b. If r is the n  1  n  2  n  3  ....  n  n
1 Also, the sum of terms when i < j is equal to the
common ratio, then b = a.rn+1  r =  b  ( n 1) sum of the terms when i > j as terms in both the
a  
triangles are symmetrical. So, in that case
i n n
n 1i i
b n 1   ij  Sum of terms in upper triangle + sum of
Gi = ari = a    a n 1
.b n 1
, i = 1, 2, ..., n i 1 j 1

a terms in lower triangle + sum of terms in diagonal

* If a & b are two non-zero numbers, then the
 2   ij    ij  ( sums of terms in upper
harmonic mean of a & b is a number H s u c h 0 i  j  n i j

that a, H, b are in H.P. & and lower triangles are same)

62 PINEGROVE
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

n n CONCEPTUAL
  ij    ij
   ij 
i 1 j 1 i j
1. If a1 , a2 , a3 ,......, an 1 are in A.P., of non zeroo
0i j n 2
n n n 1 1 1
i j  i 2 terms then a a  a a  ..... a a , is
i 1 j 1 i 1 1 2 2 3 n n 1

2 n 1 1 n 1 n
1) a a 2) a a 3) a a 4) a a
n  n  1 n  n  1 n  n  1 2n  1 1 n 1 1 n 1 1 n 1 1 n 1

 2 2 6 2. If a1 , a2 , a3 ,....., an is an A.P of non zeroo
2 terms such that
When f  i  and f  j  are not symmetrical, we 1 1 1 1
find the sum by listing all the terms.    ... 
a1an a2 an 1 a3an  2 an a1
Consider the sum   ij . 0i j n
1 1 1
In this sum, we have to find the sum of the upper      ...   then  
triangle and the diagonal of the above square.  a1 a2 an 
Hence, 2
n n
  ij    ij
1) 2 2) a1  an 3) 2  a1  an  4) a  a
1 n
i 1 j 1 i j
   ij     ij
0i j n 2 i j
3. If A1 , A2 , A3 ..... An are ‘n’ numbers inserted
n n
between a,b to form A.P. then
  ij    ij
= i 1 j 1 i j
A1  A2  A3 ...  An
2
Alternative method: ab n n n
1) 2)  a  b  3)  a  b  4)  a  b 
2 2 2 4 3
1  2  3  4  .....  n   4. If the arthimetic mean between a and b is
1 2
 2  3  ....  n   2   ij
2 2 2

0 i  j  n
a n 1  bn 1
, then n =
2
a n  bn
 n  n  1  n  n  1 2n  1 1) 0 2)1 3) –1 4) 1/2
    2   ij
2 6 5. If the number of terms in a G.P. is odd,
  0 i  j  n
then product of terms =
2
 n  n  1  n  n  1 2n  1 1)  middle term 
no of terms
  
 2  6
   ij  2)  middle term 
no of terms 1
0 i  j  n 2
no of even terms  2
Example: Find the sum of the products of the ten 3)  middle term 
numbers 1, 2, 3,  4, and  5 taking two at no of terms 1
a time. 4)  middle term 
2 6. If the number of terms in a G.P. is even,
1  1  2  2  ....  5  5 
then product of terms =
Sol: We have, 12  12  22  2 2  ...... no of terms
1)  G.M . of middle terms 
2 2
5  5  2 S ,
no of terms
Where S is the required sum, Hence, 2)  A.M . of middle terms 
0 = 2 12  22  32  42  52   2S 3)  H .M . of middle terms 
no of terms

 S  55 no of terms 1
4)  G.M . of middle terms 

PINEGROVE 63
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I
7. If G1 , G2 , G3 ....Gn are n numbers inserted 5. If the numbers a, b, c, d , e form an A.P.,
between a,b of G.P. then common ratio is then the value of a  4b  6c  4d  e is
1 1
1) 1 2) 2 3) 0 4) None
n 1 n 1
 a  n1  b  n1 b a n
1)   2)   3)   4)   6. If S n  nP   n  1 Q , where S n denotes
b a a b 2
the sum of the first n terms of an A.P.,
8. If G1 , G2 , G3 ....Gn are n numbers inserted
then the common difference is
between a,b to form a G.P. then
1) P  Q 2) 2 P  3Q 3) 2Q 4) Q
G1 G2 G3 ....Gn  7. In an A.P., if common difference is 2, sum
n to n terms is 49, 7th term is 13, then n=
n  ab n 1
1) 0 2) 5 3) 7 4) 13
1) ab 2) 
ab 3) 
ab 4) 
 2 
 8. Consider an A.P. with first term a and
9. If the geometric mean between a and b is common difference d . Let S k denote the
a n 1  b n 1 S kx
then n = sum of the first k terms. If is
a n  bn Sx
1) 0 2) 1/2 3) – 1/2 4) 1/4 independent of x , then
10. If the harmonic mean between a and b is 1) a  2d 2) a  d 3) 2a  d 4) 2a  3d
a n 1  b n 1 9. If a1, a2, a3,.... are in A.P. such that
, then n= a1 + a5 + a10 + a15 + a20 + a24 = 225,
a n  bn
then a1 + a2 + a3+...+a23 + a24 =
1) 0 2) –1 3) –1/2 4) 1 1) 909 2) 75 3) 750 4) 900
KEY 10. The degree of the expression
1) 4 2) 4 3) 2 4) 1 5) 1
6) 1 7) 2 8) 2 9) 3 10) 2
1  x  1  x 6 1  x11  ......... 1  x101  is
1) 1081 2) 1061 3) 1071 4) 1091
11. If the sum of three numbers which are in
A.P is 27 and the product of first and last
EXERCISE - 1 (C.W.) is 77, then the numbers are
1. In an A.P., if first term is 4, 9th term is 1) 7, 9, 11 2) 6, 9, 12
20, then 15th term is 3) 7, 10, 11 4) 7, 11, 9
1) 16 2) 32 3) 18 4) 36 12. If the ratio of n terms of two A.P.’s is
th

2. The number of numbers that are divisible  2n  8 :  5n  3 , then the ratio of the sums
by 9 between 1 and 1000 is
of their n terms is
1) 101 2) 110 3) 111 4) 100
3 Let Tr be the r th term of an A.P. whose 1)  2n  18 :  5n  1 2)  5n  1 :  2n  18 
first term is a and common difference is d. 3)  2n  18 :  5n  1 4)  3n  18  :  4n  1
If for some positive integers m,n, 13. Between 1 and 31 are inserted m arithmetic
1 1 means, so that the ratio of the 7th and
m  n, Tm  and Tn  , then a-d= th
n m  m  1 means is 5:9. Then the value of m
1 1 1 is
1) 0 2)  3) 4) 1
m n mn 1) 12 2) 13 3) 14 4) 15
14. If S1, S2, S3. are the sums of first n natural
4. If p th , q th , r th terms of an A.P are a, b, c numbers, their squares and their cubes
then a(q – r) + b(r – p) + c(p – q) = respectively, then S3(1+8S1)=
1) 0 2) 1 3) a + b + c 4) abc 1) S22 2) 9S2 3) 9S22 4) 3S22

64 PINEGROVE
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

15. If 6th term of a G.P. is –1/32 and 9th term EXERCISE - I (C.W) - HINTS
is 1/256, then 11th term =
1) 1024 2) 1/1024 3) 1/256 4) 1/512 1. t15  a  14d
16. If (1–y)(1+2x+4x2+8x3+16x4+32x5)=1– y6, 2. Numbers div. by 9 are 9, 18, 27, ....999. It is
(y  1), then a value of y/x is an A.P. tn  999 , find n
1) 1/2 2) 2 3) 25/24 4) 24/25
17. If the sum of three numbers in a G.P. is 1 1
3. Tm = a  (m  1)d  , Tn = a  (n  1)d 
26 and the sum of products taken two at a n m
time is 156, then the numbers are 1 1 1
1) 2,6,18 2) 1,8,64 3) 1,5,25 4) 1,4,1 Tm  Tn   , find d  , using Tm ,
n m mn
1 find a
18. One of the 5 geometric means between
3 4.. a=A+(p-1)D, b=A+(q-1)d, c=A+(r-1)D find
and 243 is a-b, b-c, c-a
1) 79 2) 80 3) 81 4) 82 5.. Let D be the common difference of the A.P. Then,
19. If the fourth term of a H.P is 1/3 and 7th a  4b  6c  4d  e
term is 1/4, then 16th term is
 a  4  a  D   6  a  2D   4  a  3D    a  4 D   0
1) 1/5 2) 1/6 3) 1/7 4) 1/8
20. If a, b, c are in H.P and ab + bc + ca = n
15, then ca = 6. We have S n  nP   n  1 Q
2
1) 5 2) 7 3) 9 4) 10
n
2 compaire with S n   2a   n  1 d 
1 1 1
21. If 2  2  2  ... upto   , then value 2
1 2 3 6
7. d = 2 and T7  13 , find a, use in S n
1 1 1
of 2  2  2  ... up to  is kx
1 3 5
S kx 2
2a   kx  1 d 

2 2 2 2 8. We have S x x
1)
4
2)
6
3)
8
4)
12 2
2a   x  1 d 
2 3
3 1 4 1 5 1
22. The sum of .  .   .   ..... Skx k 2a   kx 1 d  k  2a  d   k xd 
1.2 2 2.3  2  3.4  2    
Sx 2a   x 1 d   2a  d   xd 
to n terms is equal to
1 1 S kx
1) 1   n  1 2n 2) 1  Clearly, S is independent of x , if d  2a
n.2 n 1 x

1 1 9.  a1  a24    a5  a20    a10  a15   225

3) 1   n  1 .2n 4) 1 
n.2 n 1 3  a1  a 24   225   a1  a 24   75
n
n
23. If  r
r 1
2
 1 r !  200  201!, then n =  a1  a24 
and a1  a2  .......  a24 
2
1) 200 2) 201 3) 199 4) 202 10. Degree of the expression is 1+6+11+....+101
101=1+5(n-1)  n  21
EXERCISE - I (C.W) - KEY
21
1) 2 2) 3 3) 1 4) 1 5) 3 6) 4  Degree  1  101  1071
7) 3 8) 3 9) 4 10) 3 11) 1 12) 3 2
13) 3 14) 3 15) 2 16) 2 17) 1 18) 3 11. 3a = 27 and a 2  d 2  77
19) 3 20) 1 21) 3 22) 1 23) 1

PINEGROVE 65
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

n 1
12. Required ratio (replace n with ) EXERCISE - I (H.W.)
2
 2  n  1   5  n  1  1. If the first term of an A.P is –1 and
  8 :   3 common difference is – 3, then 12th term
 2   2  is
1  7d 5 1) 34 2) 32 3) –32 4) –34
13. 31  1  (m  1) d &  2. If the sum to n terms of an A.P. is
1  (m  1)d 9
3n 2  5n while Tm=164, then value of m is
n  n  1 n  n  1 2n  1 1) 25 2) 26 3) 27 4) 28
14. S1  , S2 
2 6 3. Let Tr be the rth term of an AP for r=1, 2,
2 ... If for some positive integers m and n
n 2  n  1 we have Tm = 1/n and Tn=1/m, the Tmn=
and S3 
4 [IIT-1998]
1) – 1/mn 2) 1/m + 1/n
t9
15. find t 3) 1 4) 0
6 4. The interior angles of a polygon are in A.P.
16. 1  y 6  (1  y)(1  y  y 2  y3  y 4  y5 ) If the smallest angle is 100 o and the
common difference is 4o, then the number
17. a  ar  ar 2  26 ; a.ar  a.ar 2  ar.ar 2  156 of sides is
1 5 1) 5 2) 7 3) 36 4) 44
18. a  , ar  243 ;  r  3 5. If a, b, c, d, e, f are in A.P., then e–c is
3
equal to
1 1 1 1 1) 2(c – a) 2) 2 (d – c) 3) f – e 4) d – c
19.  and 
a  3d 3 a  6d 4 6. If the ratio between the sums of n terms
2ac of two A.P.’s is 3n  8 : 7n  15 , then the
20. b  ratio between their 12th terms is
ac
1) 16 : 7 2) 7 :16 3) 74 : 169 4) 169 : 74
1 1 1 7. If the sum of the first ten terms of an A.P
21. let    ....  x ;
12 32 52 is four times the sum of its first five terms,
1 1 1 1 2 then ratio of the first term to the common
   ....  difference is
12 22 32 42 6
1) 1 : 2 2) 2 : 1 3) 1 : 4 4) 4 : 1
2 8. If Sn denotes the sum of n terms of an A.P.,
Sum of odd terms+sum of even terms = x then Sn + 3 – 3Sn + 2 + 3Sn + 1– Sn=
6
1) 0 2) 1 3) 3 4) 2
2
1 1 1  11 1   9. In an A.P of 99 terms , the sum of all the odd
  .... 
 2 2 2  2 2  2
 ....   x
1 3 5  2 1 2  6 numbered terms is 2550. Then the sum of all
99 terms is
1 2 2 1) 5039 2) 5029 3) 5019 4) 5049
x 
4 6 6 10. If the first, second and the last terms of
n n 1 n an A.P. are a, b, c respectively, then the
n2 1 1 1 1 1
22. tn    = .     sum of the A.P. is
n  n  1  2  n 2 n 1 2 
 a  b  a  c  2b   b  c  a  b  2c 
2 1) 2)
23. tr   r 2  1 r !   r  1 r ! 2r r ! 2 b  a  2 b  a 

  n  1 ! n  2  2   n.  n  1!
 a  c  b  c  2a   a  2c  b  c  2c 
3) 2 b  a  4) 2 b  a 
66 PINEGROVE
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I
11. Four numbers are in arithmetic progression. 20. If H1, H2,....., Hn are n harmonic means
The sum of first and last terms is 8 and between a and b(  a), then the value of
the product of both middle terms is 15. The
least number of the series is. H1  a H n  b
 
1) 4 2) 3 3) 2 4) 1 H1  a H n  b
12. If n arthmetic means are inserted between 1) n + 1 2) n – 1 3)2n 4)2n + 3
2 and 38, then the sum of the resulting
series is obtained as 200, then the value 1 1 1 4
21. If    ...  , then
of n is 14 24 34 90
1) 6 2) 8 3) 9 4) 10 1 1 1
13. If m  1 and n  N then    ... is equal to
14 34 54
m
1m  2m  ...  n m  n  1  2 4 2 4
1.   1) 2) 3) 4)
n  2  36 48 72 96
m 22. The rational number which is equal to the
1m  2m  ...  n m  n  1 
2.   number 2.357 with recurring decimal is
n  2 
2355 2370 2355 2359
1m  2m  ...  n m 1m  2m  ...  n m 1) 2) 3) 4)
3.  1 4. 1 1001 999 999 991
n n
14. Sum of the series EXERCISE - I (H.W) - KEY
1 1 1 1) 4 2) 3 3) 3 4) 1 5) 2 6) 2
S  1  (1  2)  (1  2  3)  (1  2  3  4)  .... upto
2 3 4 7) 1 8) 1 9) 4 10) 3 11) 4 12) 2
20 terms is 13) 1 14) 3 15) 2 16) 2 17) 4 18) 3
1) 110 2) 111 3) 115 4) 116 19) 2 20) 3 21) 4 22) 3
15. The first and second terms of a G.P are
EXERCISE - I (H.W) - HINTS
x 4 and x n respectively. If x 52 is the
eighth term of the same progression, then 1. t12  a  12  1 d
n is equal to
1) 13 2) 4 3) 5 4) 3 2. Tm  S m  S m 1
16. How many terms of the series 1+3+9+ ... 1 1
sum to 364? 3. Tm = a  (m  1)d  , Tn = a  (n  1)d 
n m
1) 5 2) 6 3) 4 4) 3
17. If a, b and c are in G.P., then 1 1 1
Tm  Tn   , find d  , using Tm ,
n m mn
ba ba
  find a and Tmn
bc bc
1) b2 – c2 2) ac 3) ab 4)0 4. Sum of interior angles of a polygon of n sides
18. If x, y, z are the three geometric means n
between 6, 54, then z = = (n–2) 180 o   2(100)  (n  1)4
2
1) 9 3 2) 18 3) 18 3 4) 27 5. Let A be first term and D be c.d
19. H1,H2 are 2 H.M.’s between a, b then e=A+4D,c=A+2D  e-c=2D,check with option
H1  H 2 3n  8
6. Ratio of the sums of n terms 
H1.H 2 = 7 n  15
 Ratio of nth terms Replace n with (2n-1)
ab ab ab ab
1) 2) 3) 4) 3  2n  1  8 6n  5
ab ab ab ab
= 7 2n  1  15  14n  8
 
PINEGROVE 67
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

6  12  5 77 7 1 1 1 4
 Ratio of 12th terms    21.    ...  ,
14 12  8 176 16 14 24 34 90
7. S10  4 S5 4
 1  1  1  ...    1  1  1  ...   
 4 4   4 
8.  Sn3  Sn 2   2  Sn 2  Sn1    Sn1  Sn   1 3 54   2 44 64  90
=d-2d+d=0
   
4
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 
   ...     ... 
50 4
1 3
4
5
4
24 1 4
2
4
3
4
90
9.  a1  a99   2550  a1  a99  102
2
  
4 4
1 1 1 1   
99    ...   , simplfy
 a1  a99   5049
sum of all the terms =
4
1 3
4
5
4
16 90  90
2
22. let x=2.357357357....
10. Let there be n terms in the A.P. Then, 1000x = 2357.357357; subtract
b  c  2a
c  a   n  1 b  a   n  EXERCISE - II (C.W)
ba
 b  c  2a a  c 1. If ar  0, r  N and a1 , a2 , a3 ,......a2 n are A.P..
n
Sumof n terms   a  c 
2 2  b  a a1  a2 n a a a a
 2 2 n 1  3 2 n  2  ... 
an  an 1
then a1  a2 a2  a3 a3  a4 a n  an 1 =
11. Take A.P as (a – 3d), a – d, a+d, a + 3d
12. Total no. of terms in A.P is n + 2 n  a1  a2 n  n 1
1) n – 1 2) 3) a1  an 1 4) n + 1
n2 a1  an 1
given that    2  38   200
 2  2. If the sum of the first 2n terms of the A.P. 2, 5,
m m 8……….. is equal to the sum of the first n
1m  2m  ...  n m  1  2  3  ...  n   n  1 
13.     terms of the A.P. 57, 59, 61…… then n 
n  n   2  1) 10 2) 12 3) 11 4) 13
n(n  1)  n 1 3. Eleven A.M.’s are inserted between 28 and
14. S      10 then the number of integral A.M.’s
2.n  2 
1) 5 2) 4 3) 6 4) 3
15. The common ratio of the G.P.’s x n  4 4. th
If t n denotes n term of the series
52
 x  Eighth term 2  3  6  11  18  ..... then t50
7 1) 2  49 2 2) 2  482 3) 2  502 4) 2  512
 x 52  x 4  x n  4   7n  28  n  4
5. The 10th common term between series
n
1(3  1) 3  7  11  .... and 1  6  11  ... is
16.  364 find n
3 1 1) 191 2) 190 3) 192 4) 194
17. b 2  ac and simplifying the given 6. Let f(x) be a polynomial function of second
18. a = 6, ar 4  54  r  3 degree. If f(a) =f(–a) and a, b, c are in A.P.
then f (a), f (b), f (c) are in
1 1 1 n1 1 1) G.P. 2) H.P. 3) A.G.P. 4) A.P.
19.   ...     
H1 H 2 Hn 2  a b  7. In a G.P. of positive terms, for a fixed n,
the nth term is equal to sum of the next
1 1 1 n1 1
20. Use   ...     , two terms. Then the common ratio of the
H1 H 2 Hn 2  a b  G.P. is [AIEEE 2007]
a b 1) 2 cos 18o 2) sin 18o
find H and H 3) cos 18o 4) 2 sin 18o
1 n

68 PINEGROVE
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

8. The first two terms of a geometric progression 15. One side of an equilateral triangle is 24 cm.
add up to 12. The sum of the third and the The midpoints of its sides are joined to form
fourth terms is 48. If the terms of the another triangle whose midpoints are in turn
geometric progression are alternately positive joined to form still another triangle this
and negative, then the first term is process continues indefinitely. The sum of the
[AIEEE - 2008] perimeters of all the triangles
1) 12 2) 4 3) -4 4) -12 A

9. If ai  R  0 , i  1, 2,3, 4 and x  R and

24cm 24cm 24cm
 3 2 2  3  4 2
 i a x  2 x   i i 1    ai  0 , then
a a
 i 1   i 1  i2 24cm 24cm

a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 are in
B 24cm C
1) A.P 2) G.P 3) H.P 4) A.G.P
1) 144 cm 2) 142 cm 3) 140 cm 4) 130 cm
10. If x  1, 2,3,.....,9 and f n  x   xxx...x (n 1 1 1 
log   ....upto 
2
16. Value of y  (0.36) 0.25  3 32 33 

is
digits) , then f n  3  f n  2 
1) 0.9 2) 0.8 3) 0.6 4) 0.25
1) 2 f 2 n 1 2) f n2 1 17. If the roots of the cubic equation
3) f 2 n 1 4)  f 2 n  4  ax 3  bx 2  cx  d  0 are in G.P., then
1) c 3 a  b3 d 2) ca 3  bd 3
2 8 26 80
11. The sum of the series     .... 3) a 3b  c 3 d 4) ab3  cd 3
3 9 27 81
to n terms is 18. The number a, b, c and d are in G.P. Then the
value of
1 n 1 n
1) n 
2
3 1  2) n 
2

3 1  2 2
 a  c   b  c   b  d    a  d 
2 2
is
1 n 1 1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) 4
3) n 
2
3 1  4) n 
2

1  3 n  19. If a be one A.M and G1 and G2 be then
12. If x = 1 + a + a2 + ....  , where a  1 and geometric means between b and c then
G13  G23 
y = 1 + b + b + ...  where b  1 , then
2
1) abc 2) 2abc 3) 3abc 4) 4abc
1 + ab + a2 b2+...  = 20. If x, y, z are three real numbers of the same
xy x  y 1 sign then the value of x / y  y / z  z / x lies
1) 2)
x  y 1 yx in the interval
xy x  y 1 1)  2,   2) 3,   3)  3,   4)  ,3
3) 4)
x  y 1 xy 21. If a,b,c are the sides of a triangle then
13. The sum of 15 terms of the series a b c
 
1  1  3  1  3  5   1  3  5  7   ... is bca ca b a bc
1)  3 2)  3 3)  2 4)  2
10   then value of  
2 3
1) 124 2) 240 3) 220 4) 142 22. The greatest value of x y where x > 0, y > 0
14. The sum of an infinite number of terms of is
a G.P. is 20, and the sum of their squares
3 3 6 9
is 100, then the first term of the G.P. is 1) 2) 3) 4)
1) 5 2) 8/5 3) 3/5 4) 8 8 16 5 5

PINEGROVE 69
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

23. If a  b  c  6 then the maximum value of 2 2

 n  1 .  2n  1  n  1 .  2n  1
4a  1  4b  1  4c  1 = 3) 4)
4 8
1) 9 2) 8 3) 7 4) 6
 
24. I f a,b ,c b e t h e p , q and r th terms
th th 1 1
31. If a 4
, then  4

respectively of an A.P. and G. P. both, then r 1 r r 1  2 r  1
the product of the roots of equation
a bb c c a x 2  abcx  a c b a c b  0 is equal to 16 a 15 14
1) a 2) 3) a 4) a
1) -1 2) 1 15 2 16 15
n
3) 2 4)  b  c  c  a  a  b  n  n  1 n  2  2008
32. If  Tr  then n 
lim 
3 r 1 Tr
25. If p a  q b  r c  s d , and p, q, r, s are in G.P..
1) 2008 2) 8002 3) 2080 4) 2000
then a,b,c,d are in
1) A.P 2) G.P 3) H.P. 4) A.G.P 33. The coefficient of x n  2 in

26. If a1 , a2 , a3 ,.....an are in H.P then  x  1 x  2  x  3 ... x  n  is

a1 a2  a2 a3  a3a4  ....  an 1an  n  n 2  1  3n  2  n  n 2  1  3n  2 
1) 2)
1)  n  1 a1an 2)  n  1 a1an 24 24

3)  n  2  a1an 4)  n  4  a1an 3) n  n 2  1  3n  2  4. n  n 2  1
27. If a,b,c are non - zero real numbers such
that 3  a 2  b 2  c 2  1 EXERCISE - II (C.W) - KEY
 2  a  b  c  ab  bc  ca  , then a,b,c are in 1) 2 2) 3 3) 1 4) 1 5) 1 6) 4
1) A.P. only 2) G.P. only 7) 4 8) 4 9) 2 10) 3 11) 4 12) 1
13) 1 14) 4 15) 1 16) 3 17) 1 18) 1
3) A.P., G.P., and H.P 4) A.P. and G.P both
19) 2 20) 2 21) 2 22) 2 23) 1 24) 2
28 If a, b, c are in H.P., then the straight line
25) 3 26) 1 27) 3 28) 3 29) 3 30) 1
x y 1 31) 3 32) 1 33) 2
   0 always passes through a
a b c
fixed point is
EXERCISE - II (C.W) - HINTS
1) (–1,–2) 2) (–1,2)
1. a1  a2 n  a2  a2 n 1  an  an 1  K  say 
3) (1,–2) 4) (1,–1/2)
29. The harmonic mean of two numbers is 4.  a1  a2 an  an1 
Their arithmetic mean is A and geometric = K   ......  
mean is G. If G satisfies 2A + G2 = 27,  a1  a2 an  an 1 
then the numbers are
K a1  an 1
1) 1, 13 2) 9, 12 3) 3, 6 4) 4, 8 rationalising term 
d a1  an 1
30. If n is an odd integer greater than or equal to
1 then the value of where d  a1  a2  .........  an  an 1
3 3 n 1
n3   n  1   n  2   ....   1 .13 is 2n n
2.
2
 4   2n  1 3  114   n  1 2 
2
2 2
 n  1 .  2n  1  n  1 .  2n  1 3.
1) 2) 28, A1 , A2 ,......... A11 ,10 are in A.P
4 4
10  T13  28  12d

70 PINEGROVE
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

3 1 1
d  Integral A.M.’s are 12. x  ,y
2 1 a 1 b
3 3  3 n  n  1 2n  1
28  2   , 28  4   , 28  6   , 2
13. tn  n 2 ; sn   n 
2 2  2 6
3 3 15  16  31
28  8   , 28  10   s15   1240  10
2 2 n  15 ; 6
No.of integral A.M’s = 5   124
4.     
 2  0   2  12  2  22  2  32  ....  a a2
14. Given that  20,  100
 tn  2   n  1
2
1 r 1 r2
5. In A.P’s d1  4 and d 2  5 15. 3  24   3 12   3  6   ....
common term is 11,31,51, 71,....  1 1 
 72 1   2  .....   144cm
T10  LCM of  4,5  10  1  11  191  2 2 
6. f  x   px 2  qx  r 1
1 1 1 3 1
f (1)  f (1)  q  0  2  ......  3   
16. 3 3 1 3 2 2
 f ( x)  px 2  r  f '  x   2 px 1
3
7. Given that ar n  ar n 1  ar n 2  r 2  r 1  0
1
8. a  ar  12 ; ar 2  ar 3  48 and y   0.36log14 2
9. Given quadratic expression  0 , a  0 and
D  0 A
xR 17. Let , A, AR be the roots of the equation
R
 3   3  4 
   ai ai 1     ai2   ai2   0 ax 3  bx 2  cx  d  0
 i 1   i 1  i  2 
d
  a1a2  a2 a3  a3a4 
2  Product of the roots  
a
  a12  a22  a23  a22  a32  a42   0 d d 
1/3
3
 A  A  
a2 a3 a4 a  a
  
a1 a2 a3 Since A is a root of the given equation.
10. f n  x   x.1  x.102  x.103  ....x.10n 1  aA3  bA2  cA  d  0
2 1
x
=
9
10n  1  f n2  3  f n  2   d   d 3  d 3
 a     b    c    d  0
 a  a  a
2
3 n  2 102 n  1
  10  1   10  1 
n
 f 2 n 1 2 1

9  9 9  d 3  d 3 d2 d
 b    c    b3 2  c3  b3d  c3a
1 1 1 a a a a
11. 1   1   1   ....n terms 2 2 2 2
3 9 27 18.  a  c   b  c   b  d    a  d 
 1   1 n  
 1       2ac  2bc  2bd  2ad  2b 2  2c 2 ,
 3   3   
n   a b c
1
 1     
 3  b c d 
 
19. 2a  b  c and b, G1 , G2 , c are in G.P
.P
PINEGROVE 71
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1
 c 3
2 3
     ....  d
Then G1  br , G2  br , c  br and r    a2 a1 a3 a2 an an 1
b
x y z a1  a2 a2  a3 a a
, , etc are positive A.M  G.M    .......  n1 n 
20. a1a2 a2a3 an1an
y z x
21. If a,b,c are the sides of triangle then a1  a2  a2  a3  .....  an1  an
b  c  a  0, c  a  b  0, a  b  c  0 a1a2  a2a3  ......  an1an
x  b  c  a , y  c  a  b, z  a  b  c by law of proportion
y  z  2a, z  x  2b, x  y  2c 27. 3  a 2  b 2  c 2  1  2  a  b  c 
yz zx x y
Now.   3  2  ab  bc  ca   0
2x 2y 2z
 2  a 2  b 2  c 2  ab  bc  ca  
3x 4y 1
2.  3  2 3 5

22. 2 3    3x   4 y    x 2 y 3  3 a 2
 b 2  c 2  2a  2b  2c  3  0
5   2   3   16
  2 2 2
  a  b    b  c    c  a  
23. By the cauchy- Schwartz’s in equality  
2 2 2 2
  a  1   b  1   c  1  0
 4a  1  4b  1  4c  1  
a  b  c 1
3 4(a  b  c)  3  81
 a, b, c are in A.P and G.P both
24. a  x   p  1 d , b  x   q  1 d ,
2 1 1 y x 1
28.   ,   
c  x   r  1 d b a c b a c

a  mn p 1 , b  mn q 1 , c  mn r 1 2ab ab
29.  4, A
 Product of roots = ab 2
 r  q d  p r d  q  p d ab  G
 mn  p 1
 mn 
q 1
 mn  r 1

30. as n is odd the value of the given expression

0 0
 m .n  1 13  23  33  .....  n3
25. Suppose p a  qb  r c  s d =
1

 13  23  ....  n3  2 23  ..   n 1
3

1 1 1
K so that p  K a;q  b
K ;r c
 K ;s  K d 
1 1 1 1
31.  4
    ....to 
14 34 54
common ratio = r 1  2r  1
1 1 1 1 1 1
q  r  s 
1 1 1 1  a 15
 Kb a   Kc b   Kd c a
p q r     ...to  ; a   a
24  14 24 34  16 16
1 1 1 1 1 1 n n 1
      , = a,b,c,d are in H.P..
b a c b d c 32.  tn   tr    tr  n  n  1
r 1 r 1

1 1 1 1
26. a , a , a ....... a are in AP  n 1
 2008    
1 
1 2 3 n 
 r 1  r r  1  

72 PINEGROVE
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

2008  1  a3  4a2  3a1 , is satisfies

 lim   lim 2008 1    2008
n  tn n 
 n 1  1) 1,3  2)  ,1   3,  
2
33. x n   11  ...  n  x n 1   1  1.2  x n2
3)  ,   4)  0,  
n 8. The series
+....+  1 n ! x 0
2 3
2x  2x   2x 
for coefficient x n2 is calculated as      ...... to  will
x3  x3  x3
2
1  2  ...  n   12  2 2  ...  n 2   have a definite sum when
2(sum of the product of numbers taken two at a 1) 1  x  3 2) 0  x  1
times) 3) x  0 4) x  3
9. If a,b,c,d,x are real and the roots of
EXERCISE - III equation
1. Let the sequence a1 , a2 , a3 ,......an form an A.P a 2
 b 2  c 2  x 2  2  ab  bc  cd  x +
a12  a 22  a 32  a42  ....  a22n 1  a22n is equal to
b 2
 c 2  d 2   0 real and equal, then
n 1 a,b,c,d are in
1)
2n  1

a12  a22n  2)
2n  1

a12  a22n  1) A.P 2) G.P 3) H.P 4) None of these
10. (666.... ndigits)2 + (888.....n digits) =
n 1
3)
n 1

a12  a22n 4) 
2n  1
a12  a22n   4 n 4 2n
1) (10  1) 2) (10  1)
2. The sum to 101 terms of an A.P. is 1212. The 9 9
middle term is 4 n 4 2
(10  1) 2 4) 10  1
n
1) 6 2) 12 3) 24 4) 26 3)
9 9
3. If log 2, log  2 x  1 and log  2 x  3 are in 11. Let a = 111....1(55 digits),
AP, then the value of x is given by b  1  10  10 2  ....  10 4
5 c  1  105  1010  1015  ....  1050 , then
1) 2) log 2 5 3) log 3 5 4) log5 3 1) a = b+c 2) a = bc 3) b =ac 4) c =ab
2
4. If in AP, a7  9 and if a1.a2 .a7 is least, then 1 2 1 2
12. The sum to infinity of     ... is
common difference is 7 7 2 73 7 4
1) 1/5 2) 7/24 3) 5/48 4) 3/16
11 13 32 33
1) 2) 3) 4) 13. If each term of an infinite G.P is twice the sum
30 10 33 20 of the terms following it , then the common
5. The number of common terms in two A.P’s ratio of G.P is
2,7,12,17........... 500 terms and 1,8,15,22,.
1 2 1 3
......... 300 terms is 1) 2) 3) 4)
1) 58 2) 60 3) 61 4) 63 2 3 3 2
th th
14. Sum of infinite No.of terms in G.P is 20 and
6. In G.P.  p  q term is m,  p  q term sum of their squares is 100 , then the common
is n, then p th term is ratio of G.P.is
1 4 2 3
1) nm 2) nm 3) m/n 4) m/n 1) 2) 3) 4)
5 5 5 5
7. If a1 , a2 , a3 are three positive consecutive 15. If ‘s’ is the sum to infinite terms of a G.P.
terms of a GP with common ratio K. then all whose first term is 1, then the sum of n terms
values of K for which the in equality is

PINEGROVE 73
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

  1 n  1  1
n
 23. If none of b1 , b2 ,...bn is zero then
1) 1  1  s  
s 2) s 1  1  s   2
         a1 a2 an 
   ....   is
n n  b1 b2 bn 
 1  1
3) 1  1   4) 1  1  
 s  s 1)   a12  a22  ...  an2  b12  b22  ...  bn2 
16. If r  1 and x  a  a / r  a / r 2  ......, 2)   a12  a22  ...  an2  b12  b22  ...  bn2 
y  b  b / r  b / r 2  ......,
3)   a12  a22  ...  an2  b12  b22  ...  bn2 
And z  c  c / r  c / r 2  ......,
4)   a12  a22  ...  an2  b12  b22  ...  bn2 
Then value of xy / z 2 is
24. If a,b,c be the pth, qth and rth terms respectively
1) ab / c 2 2) abr / c 3) ab / c 2 r 4) ab / c of a G.P., then the equation
17. If the A.M. and G.M. of two numbers are 13 a q b r c p x 2  pqrx  a r b p c q  0 has
and 12 respectively then the two numbers are
1) both roots zero
1) 8, 12 2) 8, 18 3) 10, 18 4) 12, 18
2) at least one root zero
18. If n!, 3(n!) and (n+1)! are in G.P., then n!,
3) no root zero 4) both roots unity
5(n!) and (n+1)! are in 25. If –1 < a, b, c < 1 and a, b, c are in A.P.
1) A.P. 2) G.P. 3) H.P. 4) None
  
19. If G1 and G2 are two geometric means and n n n
and x   a , y   b , z   c then x, y,,
A is the arithmetic mean inserted between n 0 n 0 n 0
two positive numbers then the value of z are in
G G2 2 1) A.P. 2) G.P. 3) H.P. 4) A.G..P
1 2
 is 26. If a1 , a2 , a3 ,.....an are in H.P then
G 2 G1
1) A/2 2) A 3) 2A 4) 3A a1 a2 a3
, , ,
20. If xi  0, i  1, 2,3,...50 and a2  a3  ...an a1  a3  ...an a1  a2  ...an
x1  x2  x3  ...  x50  50 and minimum an
......,
a2  a3  ...an 1
1 1 1 1
value of x  x  x  ...  x is  then 1) A.P. 2) G.P. 3) H.P. 4) A.G..P
1 2 3 50
27 If a, 8, b are in A.P; a, 4, b are in G.P; a,
 x, b are in H.P then x =
1) 50 2) 60 3) 40 4) 202. 1) 2 2) 1 3) 4 4) 16
21. If A1 , A2 , A3 ,.... belongs to A.P such that 28. Number of positive integral ordered pairs of
A1  A4  A7  ...  A28  140 then maximum  a, b  such that 6,a,b are in H.P is
1) 5 2) 6 3) 7 4) 8
value of A1 . A 2 .... A 2 8 is
ac
1) 2 28 2) 7 28 3) 14 
28
4)  28 
28 29. If a, b, c are in H.P, then the value of is
ac
22. Let a,b and c be the real numbers such that a a b b a
1) 2) 3) 4)
a  b  c  6 then, the range of ab 2 c 3 is a b a a ab
1)  0,   2)  0,1 30. If x  1, y  1, z  1 are in G.P then

3)  0,108 4)  6,108 1 1 1
, , are in
1  log x 1  log y 1  log z
1) AP 2) GP 3) HP 4) AGP
74 PINEGROVE
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I


1 
1 6. ar p  q 1  m and a.r p  q 1  n , find mn
a
31. If a   r 2
, b  
r 1  2r  1
,
2 then = a2 a3
r 1 b   K From the given in equality
7. a1 a2
5 4 3 4
1) 2) 3) 4) K 2 a1  4a1 K  3a1  0  K 2  4 K  3  0
4 3 4 5
EXERCISE - II (H.W) - KEY 2x
8. Common ratio of given G.P 
x3
1) 1 2) 2 3) 2 4) 4 5) 2 6) 2
7) 2 8) 1 9) 2 10) 2 11) 2 12) 4 2x
For definite sum of infinite G.P., 1  1
13) 3 14) 4 15) 1 16) 1 17) 2 18) 1 x3
19) 3 20) 1 21) 3 22) 3 23) 2 24) 3 2x 2x
25) 3 26) 3 27) 1 28) 3 29) 1 30) 3 31) 2   1  0 and 1  0  1  x  3
x3 x3
EXERCISE - II (H.W) - HINTS 9. Roots are real and equal
2
1. d  a1  a2  a3  ....  a2 n    a 2  b 2  c 2  b 2  c 2  d 2    ab  bc  cd   0

2. S101  1212  a  50d  12 , middle term= Tn 1  b 2  ac, c 2  bd , ac  bd

2
 a, b, c, d are in G.P
3. t is given that
n1 2
log 2, log  2  1 , log  2  3 are in A.P..
x x 10.  6  610  ....  610   8  810  .....810 n1


2
 2 log  2 x  1  log 2  log  2 x  3  2  8
  10 n  1    10 n  1 
 3  9
2
  2 x  1  2  2 x  3 11. a  1  10  102  ...  1054
2
  2x   4  2x   5  0 1055  1 1055  1 105  1
 .  bc
10  1 105  1 10  1
  2 x  5  2 x  1  0  2 x  5  x  log 2 5
1 1 1   2 2 2 
12.   3  5  ......    2  4  6  ...... 
4. a7  9  a1  6d  9 ; D  a1a2 a7 7 7 7  7 7 7 

 2 S  a / 1  r
33  9 
  9  6d  9  5d  9  270  d    
 20  400  13. an  2  an1  an 2  an3  ........  ,  n  N

33 ar n 1  2  ar n  a.r n 1  a.r n  2  ..... ;

is least for d=
20
2ar n 1
5. 2,7,12,17,......500 terms ar n 1  r
1 r 3
T500  2   500  1 5  2497
a
1,8,15,22........300 terms 14. a  ar  ar 2  ......  20   20 .......(1)
1 r
T300  1   300  1 7  2094
a 2  a 2 r 2  a 2 r 4  .............  100
The common difference of common terms =
5x7=35 a2 ....(2)
  100
Common terms are 22,57,92,........... 1 r2
Let last term  2094
3
 22   n  1 35  2094 from 1 and 2 we get r 
5
 n  60.2
PINEGROVE 75
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

1
1  1
15. s   r  1    ab 2c 3  6 2 3
1 r  s 1    ab c  108
 108 
n
  1 
11   1    23. By using Cauchy-Schwartz’s Inequality

  s    1 n 
sum to n terms=  s  1  1    2
 1
1  1  
  s   1 1 1
 
 s  a1.  a2 .  .....  an . 
 b1 b2 bn 
ar br cr
16. we have x  ,y , z  1 1 1 
r 1 r 1 r 1   a12  a22  ...  an2   2  2  ....  2 
 b1 b2 bn 
ab
17  13
2 24. Product of roots = a r  q b p  r c q  p  1  0
ab  12 no root is equal to zero.
2 1 1 1
18. 9  n!   n! n  1!  n  8 25. x  ,y ,z 
1 a 1 b 1 c
19. from synopsis
find a, b, c
n
n b  a  given a, b, c are in A.P.
b n 1
An  a 
Gn  a   ;
a n 1 1 1 1
26. a , a , a ........ in AP
1 2 3
1
x1  x2  ...  x50
20.   x1 x2 ....xn  50 ..(1)
50 a1 a2 a3 ....an a1 a2 a3 ....an a a a .....an
, ,....... 1 2 3
a1 a2 an
1 1 1 are in AP
 ..... 
x1 x50  1 1 1  50
  , ....  ..(2) 2 1 1
50  x1 x2 x50  27. a  b  16 and ab  16 and  
x a b
1 1 1 1 1 1
  ....   50    50 , , are in A.P
x1 x2 x50 28. 6,a,b are in H.P 
6 a b
21. A1  A4  A7  ...  A28  140 2 1 1 6a
   b
A1  A28  A4  A25  ....  A13  A16 a 6 b 12  a
a  3, 4, 6,8,9,10,11
5  A1  A28   140  A1  A28  28
1 1 1 2 1 1 ac
A1  A2  ... A28 29. , , are in A.P..   
 14 a b c b c a ac
28
30. y 2  zx  1  log x,1  log y,1  log z are in AP
AM  GM
1 1 1 1 1 
b c
a  2    3  
1 31. a  2
 2  ...   2  2  ... 
2 3 6 1 3 4 1 2 
22.  2   3  a b   c  
     
6   2  3  a a 4
a b 
4 b 3

76 PINEGROVE
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I
7. The three successive terms of a GP will form
EXERCISE - III the sides of a triangle if the common ratio
satisfies the inequality  r  1
1. The series of natural numbers are arranged
 5 1   5 1   5 1 
1) 1, 2  2)  , 2    2 ,  
     

3)   5, 5  4)  5, 5  
as follow. . The
8. If a, b, c be respectively the p th , q th and r th

log a log b log c

sum of numbers in the nth row is  p q r
terms of G.P then
n  n 2  1 n 2  n  1 n 2  n 2  1 1 1 1
n  n  1
1) 2) 3) 4)
2 2 2 2 equals to
2. If a,b,c,d are distinct integers in A.P. such 1) 1 2) 0 3) -1 4) 2
100 100
that d  a 2  b 2  c 2 , then a  b  c  d  r r 3
9. If t  2  2 ,
3

3 then  tr  3 tr  1 
1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) 4 r r 1 r 1
3. A person is to count 4500 currency notes.
2101  1 2101  1 2201  1 2 201  1
Let an denote the number of notes he 1) 2) 3) 4)
2100 2100 2100 2100
counts in the n th minute. 10 The value of x satisfying the equation
If a1  a2  ...  a10  150 and a10 , a11 ,..., are log10 x
  1 1 
in A.P. with common difference -2, then the 3 1  2  4 ......to   
time taken by him to count all notes is   
1) 135mins 2) 24mins 3) 34mins 4) 125mins log x 10
4. A man saves Rs. 200 in each of the first 3   1 1 
  20  1   .....   is
months of his service. In each of the   4 16 
subsequent months his saving increases by
Rs. 40 more than the saving of immediately 1 1
1) 2) 10 3) 1000 4)
previous month. His total saving from the 100 10
start of service will be Rs 11040 after. 11. If exp (sin2 x  sin4 x  sin6 x  ...upto )loge 2
[AIEEE 2011]
1) 21 months 2) 18 months satisfies the equation x2 – 17x + 16 = 0
3) 19 months 4) 20 months 2 cos x
then the value of (0  x   / 2) is
5. The sum of first 20 terms of the sequence sin x  2 cos x
0.7,0.77,0.777,.... is. [MAINS-2013] 1) 1/2 2) 3/2 3) 5 4) 2/3
12. The length of the side of square is ' a ' metre.
7 7
1)
81
179  10 20  2)
9
 99  1020  A second square is formed by joining the middle
points of the sides of the squares. Then a third
7 7 square is formed by joininig the middle points
3)
81
179  1020  4)  99  1020 
9 of the sides of the second squares and so on.
6 Sum of n terms of the series Then the sum of the area of squares which
1,3,7,15,31,.... is carried upto infinity is
1) 2n 1  n  2 2) 2n  n  2 1) a 2 2) 2a 2 3) 3a 2 4) 4a 2
3) 2n 1  n  2 4) 2n  1
PINEGROVE 77
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

a  be y b  ce y c  de y 22. L et a1, a2,...a10 be in A.P. and h1, h2,....h10

13. If   then a,b,c,d are be in H.P. If a1 = h1 = 2 and a10=h10 = 3,
a  be y b  ce y c  de y
then a4h7 is
in 1) 2 2) 3 3) 5 4) 6
1) A.P. 2) G.P. 3) H.P. 4) A.G..P 23. If the sytem of linear equations x + 2ay +
14. If a,b,c,d are positive real numbers such az = 0, x + 3by + bz = 0, x+ 4cy + cz = 0
that a  b  c  d  2 , then has a non-zero solution, then a, b, c are in
M   a  b  c  d  satisfies the relation 1) G.P. 2) H.P.
3) Satisfy a + 2b + 3c = 0 4) A.P.
1) 0  M  1 2) 1  M  2 24. If cos(x–y), cos x and cos (x+y) are in H.P,
3) 2  M  3 4) 3  M  4 then value of cos x sec (y/2) is
15. If n be the number of sequence a,b,c,d,e 1)  2 2)  3 3) 2 4) 1
satisfying the conditions 25. If a, b, c are real and in A.P. and a2, b2, c2
(i) a,b,c,d,e are in A.P and G.P. both, are in H.P., then
(ii) c= 3,7 then ‘n’= ------ 1) a = b = c 2) 2b = 3a + c
1) 1 2) 2 3) 5 4) 10
th th th
3) b 2  ac / 8 4) ab  c
16. If p ,q ,r terms of an A.P are in G.P.
whose common ratio is k, then the root of 26. If 9A.M.’s and 9 H.M’s be inserted
between 2 and 3 and A be any A.M. and
equation  q  r  x 2   r  p  x   p  q   0 other H be the corresponding H.M., then
than unity is H(5-A) =
1 1) 10 2) 6 3) -6 4) -10
1) k 2) 2k 3) k2 4) 27. Suppose ‘a’ is a fixed real number such that
k
17. If the sum to infinity of the series ax a y az
  if p,q, r are in AP then
35 px qy rz
1  4 x  7 x 2  10 x 3  ..... is 16 then x = x,y,z all are in
1) A.P. 2) G.P. 3) H.P. 4) A.G.P.
1 2 3 1 28. a,b,c are in A.P; b,c,d are in G.P and c,d,e
1) 2) 3) 4)
5 5 7 7 are in H.P. If a=2 and e=18, then the sum
18. The value of 21/ 4 41/ 8 81/16 161/ 32 ... is of all possible values of c is
1) -6 2) 6 3)12 4) 0
1) 2 2) 3/2 3) 1 4) 1/2
29. If an A.P., a G.P. and a H.P. have the same
19. Let x be the arithmetic mean and y,z be
the two geometric means between any two first term and same  2n  1 th term and
th
y3  z3 their  n  1 terms are a,b,c, respectively,,
positive numbers. Then value of is
xyz then the radius of the circle.
1) 2 2) 3 3) 1/2 4) 3/2 x 2  y 2  2bx  2ky  ac  0 is
20. If a, b, c are in G.P., then the equations
ax2 + 2bx + c = 0 and dx2 + 2ex + f = 0 1) k 2) k 3) b 2  ac 4) k
2

have a common root if a/d, b/e, c/f are in 30. If a, a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 ,......, a2 n , b are in A.P and
1) A.P. 2) G.P. 3) H.P. 4) A.G..P
/ 4
a, g1 , g 2 , g3 , g 4 ,......, g 2 n , b are in G.P and h
n
21. Let I n   tan x dx . Then is the H.M of a and b then
0
a1  a2 n a2  a2 n 1 a  an 1
  ....  n
I 2  I4 , I3  I5 , I 4  I 6 , I5  I 7 ,...... are in g1 g 2 n g 2 g 2 n 1 g n g n1 is equal to
1) A.P. 2) G.P. 3) H.P. 4) A.G.P 1) 2n / h 2) 2nh 3) nh 4) n/h
78 PINEGROVE
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

38. The sum of the first n terms of the series

31. If f  x   x 2   a  b  x  ab and A and H be
n(n  1) 2
the A.M. and H.M. between two quantities 1  2.2  3  2.4  5  2.6  ...... is
2 2 2 2 2 2

a and b, then 2
when n is even. When n is odd the sum is
1) Af  A   Hf  H  2
3n(n  1)  n(n  1) 
2) Af  H   Hf  A 1) 2) 
2  2 
3) A  f  A   H  f  H  n(n  1) 2 n 2 (n  1)
3) 4)
4) f  A   H  f  H   A 4 2
39. Sum to n terms of the series
32. If positive numbers a,b,c be in H.P. , then
equation 1 1 1
tan 1    tan 1    tan 1    ... is
x 2  kx  2b101  a101  c101  0  k    has 3 7  13 

1) both roots positive 1  n  1  2n  1 

1) tan   2) tan  
2) both roots negative n2  2n  2 
3) one positive & one negative root
1  1   n 
4) both roots imaginary 3) tan   4) tan 1  
 3n   n 1
10 n
40. The sum of the series
33. The value of   x.dx is
n 1 0 1 1 1 1
2
 2  2  2  ....... is
1) an even integer 2) an irrational number 3 1 4  2 5  3 6  4
3) a rational number 4) an irrational number 13 13 11 15
n n
1) 2) 3) 4)
4 4 36 33 36 36
34. Let r
r 1
 f (n) , then  (2r  1)
r 1
is equal n

to 41.  n 1  a 1  2a 1  3a  ....1   n  1 a 

n 1
1) f(2n) – 16f(n) 2) f(2n) – 7f(n)
3) f(2n–a) – 8f(n) 4) f(2n–a) – 7f(n) 1) 1  1  a 1  2a 1  3a  .... 1  na 
35. For x  R let [x] denote the greatest integer 2) a 1  1  a 1  2a  .... 1  na  
 x. Largest natural number n for which
1
  1   2   n  3) 1  1  a 1  2a  .... 1  na  
E     ....  
 2  100 2  100 2 

100 2 
 43, a
is
1) 41 2) 42 3) 43 4) 97 1
4) 1  1  a 1  2a 1  3a  ....1   n  1 a
36. The sum to n terms of the series a
n n k j n
3 5 7 1
 2  2
1 1  2 1  22  32
2 2
    is 42. If  tr  2, then  
r 1 k 1 j 1 i 1 r 1 t r

6n 9n 12n 3n n 1 n n 1 n
1) 2) 3) 4) 1) 2) 3) 4)
n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1 n n 1 n n 1
37. Let r th term of a series be given by n
n
43. S n   , then S10 .S 20
r n
n 1 1  n 2  n4
Tr 
1  3r 2  r 4
then nLt

 Tr 
r 1 110 211 110 111
1) . 2) .
3 1 1 3 111 421 421 112
1) 2) 3) 4)
2 2 2 2 110 420 55 210
3) . 4) .
111 421 111 421

PINEGROVE 79
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

n n EXERCISE - III - KEY

44. If bi  1  ai , na   ai , nb   bi , then
i 1 i 1 1) 2 2) 3 3) 3 4) 1 5) 3
n n 6) 1 7) 1 8) 2 9) 3 10) 1
2
 aibi   ai  a  11) 1 12) 2 13) 2 14) 1 15) 2
i 1 i 1 16) 4 17) 1 18) 1 19) 1 20) 3
1) ab 2) -nab 3) nab 4)  n  1 ab 21) 3 22) 4 23) 2 24) 1 25) 1
26) 2 27) 3 28) 4 29) 2 30) 1
45. If (1 + 3 + 5+.....+p) + (1 + 3 + 5+..+q) = 31) 2 32) 3 33) 3 34) 1 35) 1
(1 + 3 + 5 + .... + r) where each set of 36) 1 37) 3 38) 4 39) 1 40) 1
parentheses contains the sum of consecutive 41) 3 42) 2 43) 4 44) 3 45) 2
odd integers as shown, the smallest possible 46) 3 47) 1 48) 2 49) 3 50) 1
value of p + q + r, (where p > 6) is
1) 12 2) 21 3) 45 4) 54 EXERCISE - III - HINTS
46. The largest term of the sequence
1 4 9 16 1. S  1 2  4  7 11 ...  xn...(i)
, , , ,......
503 524 581 692 S 1  2  4  7  .....  xn 1  xn ....(ii )
49 48 49 64 (i )  (ii )  0  1  1  2  3  4  ....  (n  1)   xn
1) 2) 3) 4)
16 1509 1529 1509
(n 1)n n2  n  2
47. Consecutive odd integers whose sum is  xn  1  
252-112 are 2 2
1) 23,25,27,....,49 2)25,27,29,....,51 The nth row contains n consecutive numbers with
3) 21,23,25,....,49 4) 19,21,23,.....,47 n2  n  2
as the first term,

a1 a51 a101 2
sin 2 nx2
a  dx, then a2 a52 a102
48. If n  sin 2 x n   n2  n  2  
0
a3 a53 a103 Sum  2     n  1 .1
2  2  
1) 1 2)0 3) -1 4) 2 2 2
49. Consider the sequence 2. a  3k  a 2   a  k    a  2 k  , ......(i )
1,2,2,4,4,4,4,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,..... then 1025th Where k  c.d of A.P
term will be  5k 2  3  2a  1 k  3a 2  a  0 ...(i)
1) 29 2) 211 3) 210 4) 212
using   0 then a=0 or -1
50. If set of two numbers
From (i), when a =0, 5k2-3k =0
 tan 1
x, tan 1 y, tan 1 z  and  x, y, z  are in then k does not exist,
A.P such that y does not belong to the set if a  1,5k 2  9k  4  0
0, 1,1 then 4
 k  1,  k  1 ( k is an integer)
5
x y z
1) set  , ,   GP  a  1, b  0, c  1, d  2  a  b  c  d  2
 y z x
3. Till 10th minute, the number of counted notes
x y z is 1500.
2) set of numbers  , ,  AG . .P
 y z x n
3) set of numbers are not identical  3000   2 148    n  1 2   n 148  n  1
2
4) sum of squares of their differences taken pairwise 2
is not equal to zero n 149n  3000  0
80 PINEGROVE
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

Since n=125 is not possible, total time required log10 x log10

x
is 24+10=34 minutes.    
4. Total saving = 200+200+200+240+280+.... to  1   20 
3 1  
n months= 11040 10. 1
 1   1 
n2  2  4
 400   400   n  3 40   11040
2 
log10 x log x 10 4
  n  21 n  26   0  n  21
2   24   log10 x 
log10 x
5. 0.7  0.77  0.777  ...  0.777...7
1
7  log10 x  2  x  100 or x 
  0.9  0.99  .....  0.999..9  100
9
sin 2 x 2 2
7 11. e cos2 x loge  16 or 1 ; 2Tan x  24 or 20
 1  0.1  1  0.01  ....  1  0.000....1
9

7 1 1 1 
  20    2  .....  20   12.
9  10 10 10  
7

81
179  1020 

6. Let S  1  3  7  15  31  ....  Tn ..... 1

S  0  1  3  7  15  ....  Tn 1  Tn .....  2  a
side of second square is , side of third square
2
1 2n 1
(1)-(2)  Tn   2n 1 and Sn   Tn a
 2 1 is , ... sum of areas of squares
2
7. Sum of two sides of a triangle > third side
2 2
2  a  a
2 2
a  ar  ar a     2   ......  2a
8. Let A be the first term and R be the common ratio  2  
of the G..P. Then,
a  AR p 1
 log a  log A   p  1 log R ...(i)
2a  a  bey    2b   b  ce  y

q 1 13. a  bey b  ce y
b  AR  log b  log A   q  1 log R ....(ii)
r 1
c  AR  log c  log A   r  1 log R ....(iii )

2c  c  de y 
Multiplying (i), (ii) and (iii) by  q  r  ,  r  p   by law of proportion
c  de y
and  p  q  respectively and adding, we get

 a  be    b  ce    c  de 
y y y

 q  r  log a   r  p  log b   p  q  log c  0 a b c

0  a, b, c, d , are in G.P.
100 100 100 100
3 r 1 14. Since G.M.  A.M.
9. t  2   2
r r
 3 t r
r 1 r 1 r 1 r 1
  a  b  c  d   
a  b  c  d   2  1
1 100 2 2
 2101  2  1   3 tr
2100 r 1 Also a,b,c,d > 0 M  0 Thus 0<M  1.
201 100
2 1
 100
 1  3 tr
2 r 1

PINEGROVE 81
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

15. a,b,c,d,e are in A.P. and G.P both 26. Let A be the k th A.M., then H will be the k th
 a  b  c  d  e  3, 7
 3  2  20  k
 Required sequences are 3,3,3,3,3 and H.M Now, A  2  kd  2  k  
7,7,7,7,7  n  2  10  10

a   q  1 d a   r  1 d 1 1
k  
16. Given k  a  p  1 d  a  q  1 d 1 3 2  30  k
    H   
2 10 60
a   q  1 d  a   r  1 d
 6
a   p  1 d  a   q  1 d A  5  H  5  A  6
H
q  r  d  q  r  1 a a
 1 a 1
 p  q d p  q = k 27. p  q  q  r  k  let   x
1
y
  z
a dr p q r
17. S  
1  r 1  r 2 a  a  a  a 
  1    1   1    1
1 1 3 1 1 2 3 4 x  y  y  z 
18. 2 4.2 4.216.2 8..... = 2 22  23  24  25 ....  
pq qr
ab
19. Given that x  and a, y, z, b are in G.P.. 1 1 1 1
2 by law of proportion    
x y y z
3 3 y2 z2
y  az , z  by , y  z 
2 2  ac 2 2ce
xz xy 28. b  , c  bd , d 
2 ce
20. ax 2  2bx  c  0  ( ax  c) 2  0
2 2  a  c   2ce 
Now , c  bd  c    
c  2  c  e 
x , use in dx 2  2ex  f  0
a  c 2  ae  36; c  6 or  6
1 29. let A be the first term, D be the common
21. We know that I n  In  2  from
n 1 difference and B be the (2n  1) th term of A.P..
integration
BA
then B  A  2nD  D 
22. let ‘d’ is common difference of A.P 2n
1 A B
 3  a10  2  9d  d  a  A   n  1  1 D 
9 2
1 1 1 2AB
let ‘D’ is common differnce of h , h ,.... h similarly b  AB and c 
1 2 10
A B

1 1 1 9 1  b 2  ac then find r.
    D
3 h10 2 D 54 30. a  b  a1  a2 n  a2  a2 n 1  ....... and
23. det = 0 2ab
ab  g1 g 2 n  g 2 g 2 n1.... and h 
2 1 1 ab
24.  
cos x cos(x  y) cos(x  y) f  A
31. We have to calculate f H and f  A  f  H 
2a c 2 2
 
25. 2b = a + c & b2 =
a 2  c2 2
simplify, we get a = 3  a  b  c Here A 
ab
,H 
2ab
;
a  b 
A
2 ab 4ab H
82 PINEGROVE
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

32. a,b,c are in H.P  H .M . of a and c is b

1 1  a 1  2a  ....1   n  1 a
t 
41. n a  
 ac  b  G.M  H .M    1  a 1  2a  .... 1  na  
101
Since A.M >G.M. a101  c101  2  ac   2b101 Put n=1,2,3,...n and add.
j
n k n n

42.  2   2 j
2 101 101 101
f  x   x  kx  2b a c
k 1 j 1 i 1 k 1 j 1
Then f       0,
n  n  1 2n  1 n  n  1
f  0   2b101  a101  c101  0  
6 2
Hence equation f(x) = 0 has one root in
n  n  1 2n  1
 , 0  and other in  0,    Sn 
3
n
10
 x2  1 10 2 n  n  1 2n  1 r  r  1 r  2   r  1 r  1
33.     n   tr  S r  S r 1  
n 1  2 0 2 n 1 12 3 3
is rational number n
1 1 n
n   1 
4
r 1 t r n 1 n 1
34.  (2r  1)
r 1
=Total sum - Even sum=
n 1 1
2n n tn  
4 4 43. 2 2  Sn  1 
 r   (2r)
r 1 r 1
 f (2n)  16f (n) 1  n  n 2  2
2  1 n  n 

 1 1  210
35. Since 3.14 <  < 3.142, 1.57   1.571 and  S 20  1 
2 2  421  421


 n  44.  a b  a 1  a   na   a 2
   1 for n = 0, 1, 2, ..., 42 i i i i i
 2 100  2
the largest possible number n for which  na    a  a   a  2a   a  a 
i
2
i

E < 43 is 41. 2
  a b    a  a  =nab
i i i
 2n  1 6 1 1 
36. Tn  n n  1 2n  1  6  n  n  1   b 1   a ,nb  n  na (or ) a+b=1
     i i

45. Sum of first n odd natural numbers = n2

6n
S n   Tn  2 2 2
n 1  p 1   q 1   r 1 
     
r 1 1 1   2   2   2 
37. Tr  r  1 2  r 2  2  r 2  r  1  r 2  r  1
   p  1  8, q  1  6, r  1  10
2 n2
2m  2m  1 2 46. Tn  ;
38. If n is odd; S2 m 1    2m  1 500  3n3
2
 2 1 
1 1  3  2  dTn n 1000  3n
3
 
39. tan    tan    ... Verify  2
0
 1  1.2   1  2.3  dn 500  3n3  
1 1
40. Tn  n 2   n  2    n  2  n  1 , where 1
 1000  3
n  between 6 and 7

1 1 1  13  3 
n = 3,4,5,....... S   3  n  1  n  2   36
n 3 Hence T7 is largest term
PINEGROVE 83
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

47. Let the n consecutive odd integers be Rs. 40 more than the saving of immediately
2k  1, 2k  3, 2k  5,....  2k  2n  1 previous month. His total saving
Given n  k 
2
 k 2  252  112 from the start of service will be RS 11040
after [JEE Mains 2011]
k  11, n  k  25  n  14
1) 19 months 2) 20 months
48. an  2  an  2an 1  0 3) 21 months 4) 18 months
a2  a102  2a52 , a3  a103  2a53 . 03. Let an be the nth term of an AP, if
49. In the given Sequence 1st term is 1. 100 100
The first 2 is in term 2 a 2r   and  a2 r 1   , then the
The first 4 is in term 4 r 1 r 1
The first 8 is in term 8 common difference of the AP is
The sequence is doubling the first number and [JEE Mains 2011]
putting that number in the sequence for however
many terms it is worth, i.e 8 is in the sequence 8  
1) 2)   
times, 4 is in the sequence 4 times, because we 200
double the number each time, we know the pattern    
will go 1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128,256,512,1024,..... 3) 4)
100 100
So that means the number 1024 will start from
04. If 100 times the 100th term of an AP with
1024th term
non-zero common difference equals the 50
 1025 term is also 1024  210 times its 50th term, then the 150th term of
50. tan 1 y  tan 1 x  tan 1 z  tan 1 y this AP is [JEE Mains 2012]
yx z y 1) 150 times its 50th term
 .............. (1) 2) 150 3) zero 4) –150
1  xy 1  zy
x, y, z are in AP 05. If x,y, z are in AP and tan x, tan-1 y ,
-1

y-x=z-y ............... (2) tan-1 z are also in AP, then

from (1) and (2) 1  xy  1  zy [JEE Mains 2013]
1) 2x =3y =6z 2) 6x = 3y = 2z
x  z x  y  z  x, y , z are in A.P
3) 6x = 4y = 3z 4) x = y = z
06. The sum of first 20 terms of the sequence 0.7,
EXERCISE - IV 0.77, 0.777, ..., is
Previous Years Mains Off Line [JEE Mains 2013]
Questions
7 7
01. A person is to counl 4500 currency notes. Let 1)
9
 99  1020  2)
81
179  1020 
an denotes the number of notes he counts in
the nth minute. If al = a2 =... = al0 = 150 and 7 7
3)
9
 99  1020  4)
81
179  1020 
al0, al1. ... are in AP with common difference
-2, then the time taken by him to count all 07.
9 8 2
If 10   2 1110   3 11 10   ...
7

notes is [JEE Mains 2010]

9 9
1) 34 min 2) 125 min  10 11  k 10  , then k is equal to
3) 135 min 4) 24 min [JEE Mains 2014]
02. A man saves 200 in each of the first three 1) 100 2) 110
months of his service. In each of the 3) 121/10 4) 441/100
subsequent months his saving increases by
84 PINEGROVE
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

08. Three positive numbers form an increasing 14. For any three positive real numbers a, b and c
GP. If the middle terms in this GP is doubled, 9(25a2 + b2) + 25(c2 – 3ac) = 15b(3a+c)
the new numbers are in AP. Then, the [JEE Main 2017]
common ratio of the GP is 1) a, b and c are in G.P.
[JEE Mains 2014] 2) b, c and a are in G.P.
1) 2  3 2) 2  3 3) a, b and c are in A.P.
4) b, c and a are in A.P.
3) 2 3 4) 3  2
15. Let A be the sum of the first 20 terms and B
09. The sum of first 9 terms of the series
be the sum of the first 40 terms of the series
13 13  23 13  23  33
   ..... 12  2.22  32  2..42  52  2.62  .... .
1 1 3 1 3  5
If B – 2A = 100, then  is equal to
[JEE Main 2015] [JEE Main 2018]
1) 192 2) 71 1) 464 2) 496
3) 96 4) 142 3) 232 4) 248
10. If m is the AM of two distinct real numbers l 16. Let a1, a2, a3, ….. a49 be in A.P such that
and n (l, n > 1) and G1 ,G2 and G3 are three 12
geometric means between l and n, then  a4k 1  416 and a9  a43  66 .
k 0
G14  2G24  G34 equals [JEE Main 2015]
If a12  a22  ....  a17
2
 140 m, then m is
1) 4l 2 m 2 n 2 2) 4l 2 mn
equal to [JEE Main 2018]
3) 4lm2 n 4) 4lmn 2
1) 34 2) 33
11. Suppose that all the terms of an arithmetic
3) 66 4) 68
progression (AP) are natural numbers. If the
Previous Years Mains Online
ratio of the sum of the first seven terms to the
Questions
sum of the first eleven terms is 6 : 11 and the
17. Let a1, a2, a3,….. be an A.P. such that
seventh term lies between 130 and 140, then
the common difference of this AP is a1  a 2  ....  a p p3
 ;p  q . Then
[JEE Main 2015] a1  a 2  a 3  ....  a q q3
1) 9 2) 6
a6
3) 5 4) 4
a 21 is equal to [JEE Main 2013]
12. If the 2nd, 5th and 9th terms of a non-custant
AP are in GP, then the common ratio of this 41 121
1) 2)
GP is [JEE Main 2016] 11 1681
1) I 2) 7/4 11 121
3) 8/5 4) 4/3 3) 4)
41 1861
13. If the sum of the first ten terms of the series 18. The sum of the series
2 2 2 2
 3  2  1  4 16 1 1
2
1    2    3   4   4   .......is m, 1   ... upto 10 terms, is
 5  5  5  5 5 1 2 1 2  3
then m equal to [JEE Main 2016] [JEE Main 2013]
1) 100 2) 99 18 22 20 16
3) 102 4) 101 1) 2) 3) 4)
11 13 11 9

PINEGROVE 85
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

3 5 7 1
19. The sum 2
 2 2
 2  ..... term by 10 , then the numbers of terms in
1 1 2 1  22  32 2
upto 11-terms is [JEE Main 2013, 2014] the A.P. is [JEE Main 2014]
7 11 11 60 1) 4 2) 8 3) 12 4) 16
1) 2) 3) 4) 27. In a geometric progression, if the ratio of the
2 4 2 11
20. A given sum of the first n terms of an A.P is 2n sum of first 5 terms to the sum of their
+ 3n2 another A.P is formed with the same reciprocals is 49, and the sum of the first and
first term and double of the common the third term is 35. Then the first term of this
difference. The sum of n terms of the new A.P geometric progression is: [JEE Main 2014]
is [JEE Main 2013] 1) 7 2) 21 3) 28 4) 42
1) n + 4n 2
2) 6n2 – n 28. The sum of the first 20 tems common between
3) n2 + 4n 4) 3n + 2n2 the series 3+7+11+15+…. and 1 + 6 + 11
21. The sum of the series : (2)2 + 2(4)2 + 3(6)2 + +16 + …, is [JEE Main 2014]
……. Upto 10 terms is : [JEE Main 2013] 1) 4000 2) 4020
1) 11300 2) 11200 3) 4200 4) 4220
3) 12100 4) 12300 29. Let G be the geometric mean of two positive
22. If a1, a2, a3 , …. , an, …. are in A.P. such that numbers a and b, and M be the arithmetic
a4– a7 + a10 = m, then the sum of first 13 1 1 1
mean of and . If : G is 4 : 5, then a : b
terms of this A.P., is [JEE Main 2013] a b M
1) 10 m 2) 12 m 3) 13 m 4) 15 m can be [JEE Main 2014]
23. Given a sequence of 4 numbers, first three of 1) 1 : 4 2) 1 : 2
which are in G.P. and the last three are in A.P. 3) 2 : 3 4) 3 : 4
with common difference six. If first and last 30. The least positive integer n such that
terms of this sequence are equal, then the last 2 2 2 1
term is: [JEE Main 2013] 1   2  .....  n1  , is
3 3 3 100
1) 16 2) 8 [JEE Main 2014]
3) 4 4) 2 1) 4 2) 5 3) 6 4) 7
24. The value of 1 + 3 + 5 + ….. + 252 is:
2 2 2
31. Let the sum of the first three terms of an A.P.
[JEE Main 2013] be 39 and the sum of its last four terms be
1) 2935 2) 1469 178. If the first term of this A.P. is 10, then
3) 1728 4) 1456 the median of the A.P. is : [JEE Main 2015]
25. Given an A.P. whose terms are all positive 1) 26.5 2) 28
integers. The sum of its first nine terms is 3) 29.5 4) 31
greater than 200 and less than 220. If the 30
second term in it is 12, then its 4th term is: 32. The value of  r  2r  3 is equal to :
r16
[JEE Main 2014]
1) 8 2) 16 3) 20 4) 24 [JEE Main 2015]
26. The number of terms in A.P. is even the sum 1) 7785 2) 7780
of the odd terms in it is 24 and that the even 3) 7775 4) 7770
terms is 30. If the last term exceeds the first

86 PINEGROVE
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I
33. The sum of the 3rd and the 4th terms of a G.P.
6 3 2
is 60 and the product of its first three terms is 1) 2)
2 4
1000. If the first term of the G.P. is positive,
then its 7th term is: [JEE Main 2015] 7 3 5 6
3) 4)
1) 7290 2) 320 12 12
3) 640 4) 2430 40. If the sum of the first n terms of the series
5
1 k 3  75  243  507  ....... is
34. If 
n1 n  n  1 n  2n  3
 , then k is
3
435 3 then n equals to
equal to : [JEE Main 2015] [JEE Main 2017]
55 17 1) 18 2) 15
1) 2) 3) 13 4) 29
336 105
1 19 1 1 1
3) 4) 41. If x1, x2, . . ., xn and h , h ,..., h , are two
6 112 1 2 n

35. If a1, a2, a3 , …. , an, …. be in A.P. If a3­­ + a7 + A.P.s such that x3=h2=8 and x8=h7=20, then
a11 + a15 = 72, then the sum of first 17 terms x5Ŕh10 equals : [JEE Main 2018]
is equal to [JEE Main 2016] (1) 2560 (2) 2650
1) 306 2) 153 (3) 3200 (4) 1600
3) 612 4) 204 42. If b is the first term of an infinite G.P. whose
36. Let x, y, z be positive real numbers such that x sum is five, then b lies in the interval :
+ y + z = 12 and x33y4z5 = (0.1)(600)3. Then [JEE Main 2018]
x3 + 3y3 + z3 is equal to : [JEE Main 2016] 1) (-  ), “10] 2) (-10, 0)
1) 270 2) 258 3) (0, 10) 4) [10,  )
3) 342 4) 216 1 1 1
43. , ,...,  xi  0 for i  1, 2,...,n  be in
37. If three positive numbers a, b and c are in A.P. x1 x2 xn
such that abc=8, then the minimum possible A.P. such that x1 = 4 and x21 = 20. If n is the
value of b is : [JEE Main 2017] least positive integer for which xn > 50, then
1
1) 2 2) 4 3 n 1
2  x  is equal to [JEE Main 2018]
3) 4 3 4) 4 i 1  i 

38. Let 1 13 13
1) 2) 3 3) 4)
1 1 2 1 2  3 1  2  ....  n 8 8 4
 3  3  .....  3 .
3 3
1 1 2 1 2 3 3 3
1  23  ....  n3 44. The sum of the first 20 terms of the series
If 100 Sn = n, then n is equal is 3 7 15 31
1     ... , is
[JEE Main 2017] 2 4 8 16
1) 199 2) 99 [JEE Main 2018]
3) 200 4) 19 1 1
39. If the arithmetic mean of two numbers a and 1) 38  2) 38 
219 220
b, a > b > 0, is five times their geometric
1 1
ab 3) 39  4) 39 
mean, then is equal to: [JEE Main 2017] 220 219
a b

PINEGROVE 87
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

EXERCISE - IV - KEY
01) 1 02) 3 03) 3 04) 3 05) 4
06) 2 07) 1 08) 2 09) 3 10) 3
11) 1 12) 4 13) 4 14) 4 15) 2
16) 3 17) 2 18) 3 19) 3 20) 2
21) 3 22) 3 23) 2 24) 1 25) 3
26) 2 27) 3 28) 2 29) 1 30) 3
31) 3 32) 3 33)3 34) 1 35) 1
36) 4 37) 4 38) 1 39) 3 40) 1
41) 1 42) 3 43) 4 44) 1

********

88 PINEGROVE
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I


EXERCISE - V 8. If 0 x then the minimum value of
2
SINGLE ANSWER TYPE 3
 sin x  cos x  cos ec 2 x  is
A.P., G.P, H.P., & A.G.P and mean A.P.
27 27
1. If the sum of first 2n terms of A.P. 2, 5, 8,... is (A) 27 (B) (C) (D) 15
4 2
equal to the sum of the first n terms of the
A.P. 57, 59, 61, ....., then n equals 1
9. The sum of the two numbers is 2 . An even
(A)10 (B) 12 (C) 11 (D) 13 6
2. Consider the series 1 – 4 + 7 – 10 + 13 ...... numbers of arithmetic means are inserted
where 2nth term is –2(3n–1) and (2n+1)th term between them and their sum exceeds their
is (6n + 1). The sum of first 2001 terms is number by 1. Then the number of means
(A) 2001 (B) 3001 inserted is
(C) 304001 (D) 301001 (A) 6 (B) 8 (C) 12 (D) 15
3. The sum of all odd numbers of four digits which 10. Let (a1,a2, a3.....) be a sequence such that
are divisible by 9, is 20

(A) 2754000 (B) 2753000 a1 = 2 and an _ an–1 = 2n n  2 . Then a

i 1
i is
(C) 2752000 (D) 2755000
4. The sum of integers from 1 to 100 which are (A) 2960 (B) 3080
divisible by 2 or 5 is (C) 3560 (D) 4120
(A) 300 (B) 3050 10A. If an  an 1  1 for every positive integer
(C) 3200 (D) 3250
greater than 1, then a1  a2  a3  ........  a100
5. The sum of the series
equals
1 1 1 1
   .............. 
4 4 4
log 2 log 4 log 8 log 42n A) 5000.a1 B) 5050.a1

n  n  1 n  n  1 2n  1
C) 5051.a1 D) 5052.a2
(A) (B)
2 2 10B. Let an  be a sequence defined by a1  1 ,
1 n  n  1 a1  2a2  3a3  .......  (n  1) a n1  n 2 an , n  2
(C) n  n  1 (D)
4
The value of a786 is
6. If the ratio of sum of m terms and n terms of
an A.P. be m2: n2, then the ratio of its mth and 2 1 2 1
nth terms will be A) B) C) D)
789 393 393 789
(A) 2m –1 : 2n – 1 (B) m : n 11. Let the positive numbers a, b ,c, d be in A.P.
(C) 2m + 1 : 2n + 1 (D) m  1: n  1 Then abc, abd, acd and bcd are [IIT 2001]
7. The real numbers x1, x2, x3 satisfying the (A) Not in A.P. /G.P. /H.P (B) in A.P.
equations x3  x 2   x    0 are in A.P, then (C) in G.P. (D) H.P.
the intervals in which  and  lie, are 12. If 1n (a+c), ln(a –c), and ln(a–2b+c) are in A.P.,
then
 1  1  (A) a, b, c are in A.P (B) a2, b2, c2 are in A.P
(A)  ,  ,   ,   (C) a, b, c are in G.P (D) a, b, c are in H.P
 3   27 

 1   1  17 x1 
(B)   ,   ,  , 
x
 
13. If log 5 2, log 5 2  3 and log 5   2 
 2 
 27   3
are inA.P; then the value of x is
(C)  0,   ,  , 0  (D) R (A) 0 (B) –1 (C) 3 (D) 4

PINEGROVE 89
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL - I

14. The set of natural numbers is divided in groups 21. If x, y, z be respectively the pth, qth and rth
in the following ways; (1); (2,3,4); (5,6,7,8,9)..... terms of G.P., then
then the sum of the numbers in nth group is  q  r  log x + (r – p) log y + (p – q) log z =
3 3 3 3
(A)  n  1  n (B)  n  1   n  2  (A) 0 (B) 1 (C) –1 (D) 2
3 3 3
22. In a G.P., T2 + T5 = 216 and T4 : T6 = 1:4 and all
(C)  n  1  n3 (D)  n  1   n  2  terms are integers, then its first term is
15. The natural numbers are divided into groups (A) 16 (B) 14 (C) 12 (D) 15
1, (2, 3), (4, 5, 6), (7, 8, 9, 10).....; then the sum 23. If a, b, c, d are nonzero real numbers such that
of the numbers in the 50th group is (a2 + b2 + c2) (b2 + c2 + d2)  (ab + bc + cd)2,
(A) 62500 (B) 62520 (C) 62525 (D) 65225 then a, b, c, d are in
G. P (A) AP (B) GP (C) HP (D) AGP
24. Three distinct numbers a,b,c are in G.P. such
16. If S denotes the sum to infinity and Sn the sum that a + b + c = xb, then
1 1 1 (A) 0 < x < 1 (B) –1 < x < 3
of n terms of the series 1     ....., such
2 4 8 (C) x < –1 or x > 3 (D) –1 < x < 2
1 25. If x,y, and z are p , q th and r th terms
th

that S – Sn  , then the least value of n is respectively of an A.P. and also of a G.P., then
1000
(A) 8 (B) 9 (C) 10 (D) 11 x y  z y z  x z x  y is equal to (IIT–JEE, 1979)
17. If the sum of the series (A) xyz (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) none of these
5 25 125 26. Suppose a, b, c are in A.P. and a2 , b2 , c 2 are in
2   3  ......... is finite, then
x x2 x
(A) |x| > 5 (B) – 5 < x < 5 3
G.P.. If a < b < c and a  b  c  , then value of a
(C) |x| < 5/2 (D) |x| > 5/2 2
18. Sum upto ‘n’ terms of the series is
2 3 4 1 1
1 1  1  1.3  1  1.3.5  1  (A) (B) 2 3
          .... is 2 2
2 2!  2  3!  2  4!  2 
1 1 1 1
1.3.5....  2n  1 1.3.5....  2n  1 (C) 2  3 (D) 2 
2
(A) n (B) 1 
2 n! 2n n !
27. The value of
1.3.5....  2n  3  1.3.5....  2n  3 
(C) 1  2n 1 n  1 ! (D) 2n 1 n  1 ! n

     r(1  a)(1  2a)(1  3a).......{1  (r  1)a} is

r 1
19. If the sum of ‘n’ terms of a G.P is S and product (A) 1– ( 1 – a)( 1– 2a )(1 – 3a )……( 1– na)
is P and the sum of reciprocals is R, then the (B) a[1– ( 1 – a) ( 1– 2a ) ……….(1– na)]
value of P2 is
1
n n (C) 1  1  a 1  2a  ......... 1  na  
R S R S a
(A) (B) (C)   (D)  
S R S R 1
(D)
a

1  1  a 1  2a 1  3a  ..... 1  n  a  a 
20. If a1,a2, a3 (with a1>0) are in G.P. with common
ratio r, then the value of r for which the 28. If a,b and c are in G.P., then the equations
2
inequality 9a1  5a3  14a2 holds, cannot be in ax 2  2bx  c  0 and dx  2ex  f  0 have
the interval (G.P) d e f
a common root if , , are in
 9 5   9 a b c
(A) 1,  (B)  , 0  (C)  ,1 (D) 1, 5  (IIT–JEE, 1985)
 2 9 
(A) A.P (B) G.P (C) H.P (D) None of these

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 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

29. Sum of the first n terms of the series 35. If x  log35  log57  log97 then
1 3 7 15 1 3
    .... is equal to (IIT–JEE, 1988) (A) x  (B) x 
2 4 8 16 3
2 2
(A) 2n  n  1 (B) 1  2n 3 1
(C) n  2 n  1 (D) 2  1 n (C) x  3 (D) x 
2 3
30. Find the sum H.P
n 1 n2
 x  2    x  2   x  1   x  2 
n 3 36. If ‘n’ A.M’s a1 , a2 ....an are inserted between
2 n 1 50 and 200 and n H.M’s h1 , h2 .....hn aree
 x  1  ......   x  1
inserted between the same numbers, then a2
(IIT–JEE, 1990) hn–1 is equal to
n2 n
(A)  x  2    x  1 10000 250
(A) 500 (B)(C) 10000 (D)
n 1 n 1 n n
(B)  x  2    x  1 37. If h be the H.M. and g be the G.M. of two
n n positive numbers a and b such that h : g = 4
(C)  x  2    x  1 (D) None of these
a
31. Consider an infinite geometric series with : 5, then can be equal to
b
series with first term a and common ratio r. If
(A) 2 : 1 (B) 3 : 1 (C) 4 : 1 (D) 5 : 2
its sum is 4 and the second term is 3/4, then
38. If a, a1, a2, a3, ... a2n–1, b are in AP a, b1 , b2 ,b3
(IIT–JEE, 2001)
..., b2n–1, b are in GP and a, c1, c2, c3, ... ,c2n–1, b
4 3 3 are in HP, where a, b are positive, then the
(A) a  , r  (B) a  2, r  equation anx2 – bnx + cn = 0 has its roots
7 7 8
(A) real and unequal (B) real and equal
3 1 1 (C) imaginary(D) None of these
(C) a  , r  (D) a  3, r 
2 2 4
1 3
32. Let  and  be the roots of x  x  p  0 39. If a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 are in H.P then a a  ar ar 1
2
1 4 r 1
and  and  be the root of x 2  4 x  q  0 . If is a root of
 ,  , and  ,  are in G.P., then the integral (A) x 2  2 x  15  0
values of p and q, respectively, are (B) x 2  2 x  15  0
(IIT–JEE, 2001) (C) x 2  2 x  15  0
(A) –2, –32 (B) –2, 3
(D) x 2  2 x  15  0
(C) –6, 3 (D) –6,–32
40. If a 1, a 2 a 3...... a n are in H.P and f(k) =
33. Suppose a, b,c are in A.P. a 2 , b 2 , c 2 are in G.P..
 n 
3   ar   aK , then
If a < b < c and a  b  c  , then the value of  r 1 
2
a is [IIT 2002] a1 a a a
, 2 , 3 ,....... n are in
f 1 f  2  f  3 f n
1 1
1 1 1 1
(A) (B)  (D) 
(C) (A) A.P (B) G.P (C) H.P (D) A.G.P
2 2 2 3 2 3 2 2
34. An infinite G.P. has first term ‘x’ and sum ‘5’, a 2 a3 a 2  a3  a  a3 
41. If   3 2  then
then x belongs to [IIT 2004] a1a4 a1  a4  a1  a4 
(A) x  10 (B) 10  x  0 a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 are in
(C) 0  x  10 (D) x  10 (A) A.P (B) G.P (C) H.P (D) A.G.P

PINEGROVE 91
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL - I

42. Let a1 , a2 ,.........a10 , be in A.P. and h1 , h2 ,.....h10 48. The sum upto (2n + 1) terms of the series
a2 – (a + d)2 +(a + 2d)2 – (a + 3d)2 + ........ is
be in H.P. If a1  h1  2 and a10  h10  3 then (A) a2 + 3nd2
a4h7 , is [IIT JEE – 1999] (B) a2 + 2nad + n (n – 1)d2
(C) a2 + 3nad + n (n – 1)d2
(A) 2 (B)3 (C) 5 (D) 6
(D) a2 + 2nad + n(2n + 1)d2
43. Let a1 , a2 , a3 ......... be in harmonic progression 
1
with a1 = 5 and a20 = 25. The last positive 49.  (n  1) (n  2) (n  3)....(n  k) is equal to
n 1
integer ‘n’ for which an < 0 is
(IIT JEE – 2012) 1 1
(A) 22 (B) 23 (C) 24 (D) 25 (A) (k  1) k  1 (B) k k
A.G.P., Vn Medhod
1 1
1 1 1 1 1  (C) (k  1) k (D) k
44. If 1      .......  , then value
3 5 7 9 11 4
1 1 1 50. The sum of first n terms of the series 12 + 2 ×
of    .......... is 22 + 32 + 2 × 42 + 52 + 2 × 62 + ........... is n (n +
1.3 5.7 9.11
1)2/2 when n is even. When n is odd the sum
    of the series is
(A) (B) (C) (D)
8 6 4 36
n  1
45. Sum to n terms of the series (A) n2 (3n + 1)/4 (B) n2
2
1 1 (C) n3 (n – 1)/2 (D) None of these
 
1  x 1  2x  1  2x 1  3x  51. If
n n
1 is 1 1
 ..........  tr  n  n  1n  2  , then value of t is
1  3x 1  4x  r 1 12 r 1 r

2n n 1
nx (A) (B)  n  1 !
(A) 1  x 1  nx  n 1
4n 3n
n (C)  n  1 (D)
(B) 1  x  1   n  1 x  n2
  52. Sum to n terms of the series
x 1 1! 2! 3!
(C) 1  x  1   n  1 x      .......... is
5! 6! 7! 8!

nx 2 1 1 1 n! 
(D) (A) 5!  n  1 ! (B) 4  4!  n  4 ! 
(1  x)[1  (n  1)x]   
46. Sum of the series
1 1 3!  1 1 n! 
1 1 1 (C)    D) 4  4!  n  4 ! 
S  1  1  2   1  2  3  1  2  3  4   .........
2 3 4
4  3 !  n  2  ! 
  
upto 20 terms is 53. Sum to n terms of the series
(A) 110 (B) 111 (C) 115 (D) 116 1 3 5 7
    .... is
n
1 1.2.3 2.3.4 3.4.5 4.5.6
47.  log
r 1 4 is equal to n  n  1 n  3n  1
2r
(A) 2 n  2 n  3 (B) 4 n  1 n  2
n n  1 n  n  1 2n  1
     
(A) (B)
2 12 1 5  3n  1
(C) 6   n  1n  4  (D) n  1 n  2
1 n n  1   
(C) n n  1 (D)
4

92 PINEGROVE
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

54. Sum to n terms of the series 60. Let p,q,r  R and

3 3 3 3 3 3
1 1 2 1 2 3 3
   ...........is 27pqr   p  q  r  and 3p  4q  5r  12
1 1 3 1 3  5
then p3 + q4 + r5 is equal to
n 2
(A)
24

n  9n  14  (A) 3 (B) 6 (C) 2 (D) 1
61. If log2(a + b) + log2 (c + d)  4, where a,b,c
n are positive numbers. Then the minimum value
(B)
24

2n2  7n  15  of expression a + b+ c + d is
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 8 (D) 16
n
(C)
24

2n2  9n  13  62. In an acute angled triangle ABC, the minimum
value of tann A + tann B + tann C. is
n 2 (when n  N, n  1 )
(D)
24

n  11n  12  n n n
(A ) 3 2 (B) 3n (C) 3 2 1 (D) 3 2 1
INEQUALITIES
55. If three positive real numbers a, b, c are in 2F  n 1
A.P., with abc = 4, then the minimum value of 63. Suppose that F  n 1  for n 1,2,3.....
2
b is
and F 1  2 then F 101 equals
(A) 41/3 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 1/2
56. If x, y and z are positive real numbers such (A) 50 (B) 54 (C) 52 (D) 51
that x + y + z = a then 64. If a,b,c are positive numbers such that a + b +
1 1 1 9 1 1 1
(A) x  y  z  a c = 1, then the minimum value of  
ab bc ca
is
1 1 1 9
(B) x  y  z  a (A) 3 (B) 9 (C) 27 (D) 36
65. If a, b, c, d are positive real numbers such that
8 3 a  b  c  d  2 , then M   a  b  c  d 
(C)  a  x  a  y  a  z   a
27 satisfie the relation
(D)  a  x  a  y  a  z   a3 [IIT – JEE 1998]
57. If a, b and c are distinct positive real (A) 0  M  1 (B) 1  M  2
numbers and a 2 + b2 + c2 = 1, then (C) 2  M  3 (D) 3  M  4
ab + bc + ca is 66. If a1,a2.......an are positive real numbers whose
(A) less than 1 product is a fixed number c, then the minimum
(B) equal to 1 value of a 1 + a 2 +....+a n–1 +2a n is
(C) greater than 1 (IIT–JEE, 2002)
(D) any real number 1 1
58. The greatest value of x2y3z4, (if x + y + z = 1, (A) n  2c  n (B)  n  1 c n
x, y, z > 0) is
1 1
29 210 215 210 (C) 2nc n (D)  n  1 2n  c n
(A) 5 (B) 15 (C) 10 (D) 10
3 3 3 3
59. If a, b and c are three positive real numbers,   2 tan 2 
then the minimum value of the expression 67. If    0,  , then x  x  2 is
 2 x x
bc c a ab always greater than or equal to
  is
a b c [IIT 2004]
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 6 (A) 2 tan  (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) sec 2 

PINEGROVE 93
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL - I

67A. If a>0, b>0,c>0, ab 2 c3  64 and a + b + c=k, 72. If p, q, r are positive and are in A.P. the roots
then of the quadratic equation px2 + qx + r = 0 are
all real for
2
A)Max. value of k  r q
3 (A) p  7  4 3 (B) p  4  2 3
B) at max. value of k; a:b:c=3:2:1
p p 3
C) at min value of k, a:b:c=1:2:3 (C) q  4  4 3 (D) q  1  2
D) None of these
73. Let x1, x2, ............ be positive integers in
67B. If x, y, r and s are positive real no’s. such that
A.P., such that x1 + x2 + x3 = 12 and x4 + x6 =
x 2  y 2  r 2  s 2  1, then max value o f 14. Then x5 is
xr+ys is (A) a prime number (B) 11
(C) 13 (D) 7
A)2 B) 0 C) 1 D) doesn’t exist
G.P
74. If b1, b2, b3 (b1 > 0) are three successive terms
MULTI ANSWER QUESTIONS of a G.P. with common ratio r, the value of r for
which the inequality b3 > 4b2 – 3b1 holds is given
A.P by
68. The sum of the numerical series (A) r > 3 (B) r < 1 (C) r = 3.5 (D) r = 5.2
1 1 1 75. In a GP the product of the first four terms is 4 and
   .........
3  7 7  11 11  15 , the second term is the reciprocal of the fourth term.
The sum of the GP up to infinite terms is
upto n term is (A) 8 (B) -8 (C) 18 (D) –18
n sin x
3  4n  3 76. The numbers , cos x and tan x will be in
(A) (B) 6
4 3  4n  3
G.P. if
(C) less than n (D) less than n / 2
 5
69. All the term of an A. P. are natural numbers (A) x  (B) x 
3 6
and the sum of the first 20 terms is greater
than 1072 and less than 1162. If the sixth term  
(C) x    2K (D)   2K
is 32 then 3 6
(A) first term is 12 (B) first term is 7 77. If a, b, c are in A.P., then 2 , 2bx+1, 2cx+1, x  0
ax+1

(C) common difference is 4 are in

(D) common difference is 5 (A) A.P. (B) G.P. when x > 0
70. If sum of n terms of an A.P. is given by Sn = a + (C) G.P. if x < 0 (D) G.P. for all x  0
2
bn + cn2 where a, b, c are independent of n, 78. Let S n
= (1) (5) + (2) (5 ) + (3) (53) + ........... +
then 1
(n) (5n)   4n  1 5a  b  , then
(A) a = 0 16  
(B) common difference of A.P. must be 2b (A) a = n + 1 (B) a = n
(C) common difference of A.P. must be 2c (D) All (C) b = 5 (D) b = 25
above 79. Four numbers are such that the first three are
71. If three unequal numbers p, q, r are in HP and in A.P., while the last three in G.P.. If the first
their squares are in A.P, then the ratio number is 6 and common ratio of G.P. is 1/2
p : q : r is then the
(A) sum of first and last number is 7
(A) 1  3 : 2 :1  3 (B) 1 : 2 :  3 (B) numbers are 6, 8, 4, 2
(C) 1 : 2 : 3 (D) 1  3 : 2 :1  3 (C) numbers are 6, 10, 14, 4
(D) numbers are 6, 4, 2, 1

94 PINEGROVE
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

80. Let S1, S2, ............. be squares such that for 87. Let the harmonic mean and the geometric
each n  1, the length of a side of Sn equals to mean of two positive numbers be in the ratio
the length of a diagonal of Sn+1. If the length of 4 : 5. Then the two numbers are in the ratio
a side of S1 is 10 cm, then for which of the (A) 1 : 4 (B) 4 : 1 (C) 3 : 4 (D) 4 : 3
following value (s) of n is the area of Sn less 88. Between two unequal numbers, if a1, a2 are
than 1 sq. cm? two AMs; g1, g2 are two GMs and h1, h2 are
(A) 7 (B) 8 (C) 9 (D) 10 two HMs then g1.g2 is equal to
81. The three sides of a right-angled triangle are (A) a1h1 (B) a1h2 (C) a2h2 (D) a2h1
in G.P.. The tangents of the two acute angles 89. Let a and b be two positive real numbers.
may be Suppose A1, A2 are two arithmetic means;
G1, G2 are two geometric means and H1, H2
(A)
5 1
and
5 1
(B)
 5 1  are two harmonic means between a and b then
2 2 2 (IITJEE, 2002)
GG A A GG
(C) 5 and
1
(D)
 5 1  1 2 1 2 1 2  5

(A) H H  H  H (B) H H  9  9  b  a 
2 a b
5 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

3 2
82. I f r oots of x + bx + cx + d = 0 are 1H H
2 9ab
(C) A  A   2a  b  a  2b 
(A) in A.P. then 2b3 – 9bc + 27d = 0 1 2

(B) in G.P. then b3d = c3 G1G 2 H1  H 2

(C) in G.P. then 27d3 = 9bcd2 – 4c3d (D) H H  A  A
1 2 1 2
(D) equal then c3 = b3 + 3bc
83. x1, x2, x3, ............. is an infinite sequence of 90. If a, b, c are in H.P. , then the
positive integers in G.P. such that x1x2x3x4 =  1 1 1  1 1 1 
64. Then the value of x5 is e x p r e s s i o n E        
 b c a  c a b 
(A) is a perfect square (B) is not a perfect square equals
(C) 128 (D) 16
84. Indicate the correct alternative (s), for 2 1 1 3 2 1
(A)  2 (B)  2
  2
0     / 2 , if bc b 4c ca a 
  3 2
(C)  (D) none of these
x   cos 2 n  , y   sin 2 n  , b2 ab
n0 n0
91. If positive numbers a, b, c, d are in harmonic
 progression and a  b , then
z   cos 2 n  sin 2 n  then [IIT 1993] (A) a + d > b + c is always true
n 0
(B) a + b > c + d is always true
(A) xyz = xz+ y (B) xyz = xy +z
(C) a + c > b + d always true
(C) xyz = x+y+z (D) xyz = yz +x
(D) ad > bc
H.P 92. If a, b, c are in A.P., and a2, b2, c2 are in H.P., then
85. Let a1, a2, a3, a4..... be in G.P. if the H.M of a1
and a2 is 12 and that of a2 and a3 is 36, then c2
(A) a = b = c (B) a2  b2 
(A) a1 = 8 (B) a2= 24 2
(C) a3 = 72 (D) a4 = 216 a
86. If a1, a2, ............ an are in H.P. and d be the (C) a, b, c are in G.P. (D) ,b,c are in G.P.
2
common difference of the corresponding A.P. 93. If (m + 1)th, (n + 1)th and (r + 1)th terms of an
then the expression a1a2 + a2a3 + ......... + an– A.P. are in G.P. and m, n, r are in H.P., then
a is equal to
1 n the ratio of the first term of the A.P. to its
a1  a n common difference is
(A) (B) (n – 1) (a1 – an)
d n m mr
(C) n (a1 – an) (D) (n – 1)a1an (A)  (B)  (C) r (D) 
2 2 mr

PINEGROVE 95
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL - I

94. If the first and the  2n  1 th terms of an A.P.,

a G.P and a H.P are equal and their nth terms ASSERTION & REASON QUESTIONS
are a,b and c respectively then
(A) a = b = c (B) a  b  c Each question contains STATEMENT – 1
(Assertion) and STATEMENT – 2 (Reason).
(C) a + b = b(D) ac – b2 = 0
Each question has 4 choices (A), (B), (C) and
A.G.P. Vn METHOD (D) out of which ONLY ONE is correct.
95. Let the sum of the series
1 1 2 1  2  .........  n Instructions:
  ...........  3 upto n
13 13  23 1  23  ..........  n 3 (A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True;
terms be Sn ,n = 1, 2, 3, ........... Then Sn cannot Statement-2 is a correct explanation for
be greater than Statement-1
(A) 1/2 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 4 (B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True;
96. The value of 100 Statement–2 NOT a correct explanation for
Statement-1.
 1 1 1 1  (C) Statement–1 is True, Statement–2 is False
 1.2  2.3  3.4  ......  99.100  (D) Statement –1 is False, statement–2 is True.
 
(A) is an integer (B) lies between 50 and 98 100. For r  1, and x  1 Let t r  1  2x  3x 2  .........  rx r 1
(C) is 100 (D) 99 STATEMENT-1 : Sum of t1 + t2 + ....... + tn is
97. The sum of the first n terms of the series n 1  x n 1  2x 1  x n 
2
 3
12  2.22  32  2.42  52  2.62  1  x  1  x 
2 S T A T E M E N T - 2 : F o r
n  n  1
..........is 1 xr
2 r  1, and x  1,1  x  x 2  ..........  x r 1  and
1 x
when n is even. When n is odd, the sum is
1 xr rx r
2
n  n  1
2 2 1  2x  3x 2  ..........  rx r 1  
(A) (B)
n  1 n 1  x 
2
1 x
2 2 101. Let a, b, c be three positive real numbers which
(C) even, if odd ‘n’ is of the type 4l  1 . are in H.P.
(D) even, if ‘n’ is of the type 4l  3 ab cb
STATEMENT-1 :  4
98. Let a sequence {a n} be defined by 2a  b 2c  b
1 1 1 1 1
an     .............  ; STATEMENT-2 : If x > 0, then x   4
n 1 n  2 n  3 3n x
Then 102. STATEMENT-1 : If a, b, c are three positive
real numbers such that a  c  b and
7 19
(A) a2  (B) a2  1 1 1 1
12 20    0 then a, b, c are in H.P..
a ab c cb
9n  5 because
(C) an1  an   3n  1 3n  2  3n  3  STATEMENT-2 : If a, b, c are distinct positive
real numbers such that
2 a (b – c)x2 + b (c – a) xy + c (a – b)y2 is a
(D) an1  an  3 n  1
perfect square, then a, b, c are in H.P.
n
103. STATEMENT–1: If a + 2b + 3c = 1 and a > 0,
99. If  r r  1 2r  3  = an + bn + cn + dn + e,
4 3 2 b > 0, c > 0, then the greatest value of a3b2c is
r 1 1
then because
5184
(A) a + c = b + d (B) e = 0 STATEMENT–2: There exists an A.P such
(C) a, b – 2/3, c –1 are in A.P. that upto its ‘n’ terms is given by Sn = an3 +
(D) c/a is an integers bn2 + cn+d

96 PINEGROVE
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

104. Let a, b, c be three distinct non-zero real (C) Statement–1 is True, Statement–2 is False
numbers (D) Statement –1 is False, statement–2 is True.
STATEMENT-1 : If a, b, c are in A.P. and b, c, This section contains 4 paragraphs. Based
a are in G.P., then c, a, b are in H.P. upon each paragraph, 3 multiple choice
STATEMENT-2 : If a, b, c are in A.P. and b, c, questions have to be answered. Each question
a are in G.P. than a : b : c = 4 : 2 : –1 has 4 choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) out of which
105. STATEMENT-1 : If three positive numbers ONLY ONE is correct.
in G.P. represent sides of a triangle, then the
common ratio of the G.P. must lie between COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS
5 1 5 1
and
2 2 PASSAGE: I
STATEMENT-2 : Three positive real number If x1, x2,.. . . . . xn are ‘n’ positive real numbers;
can form sides of a triangle if sum of any two then A.M.  G.M.  H.M.
is greater than the third x 1  x 2  .......x n n
 (x 1 x 2 .......x n )1/ n 
106. STATEMENT-1 : If the sides of a right angled n 1

1
 ...... 
1
triangle are in G.P. then the common ratio of x1 x 2 xn
the G.P. can take two and only two values equality occurs when numbers are same using this
because concept. Here equality occurs numbers are of same.
STATEMENT-2 : The common ratio is either using this concept answer the following:
greater than 1 or less than 1 110. If a > 0, b > 0, c > 0 and the minimum value of
107. STATEMENT-1 : If all terms of a series with a(b2 + c2) + b(c2 + a2)+ c(a2 + b2) is  abc, then
positive terms are smaller than 10–5, then the  is
sum of the series upto infinity will be finite (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 6
n 111. If a, b, c, d, e, f are positive real numbers such
lim
STATEMENT-2 : If Sn  then Sn is that a + b + c + d + e + f = 3, then
10 5 n
x = (a + f)(b + e)(c + d) satisfies the relation
finite
(A) 0 < x  1 (B) 1  x  2
108. Statement–1 : In the expression (x + 1) (x
(C) 2  x  3 (D) 3  x  4
+ 2) . . . (x + 50), coefficient of x49 is equal to
112. If a and b are two positive real numbers and a
1275. + b = 1, then the greatest value of a3b4 is
n  n  1
n
32 43 33 44 77
Statement–2 :
r 1
r 
2
, nN. (A)
75
(B)
77
(C)
33 44
(D) none

109. Suppose four distinct positive numbers PASSAGE: II.

a1 , a2 , a 3 , a4 are in G.P. Let Suppose x1, x2 be the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 and
x3, x4 be the roots of px2 + qx + r = 0.
b1  a1, b2  b1  a2 , b3  b2  a3 and b4  b3  a4 .
1 1 b 2  4ac
STATEMENT 1 : The numbers a1 , b2 , b3 , b 4 113. If x1 , x 2 , x , x are in A.P. , then q 2  4pr equals
3 4

2 2
are neither in A.P. nor in G.P. (A) a /r (B) b2/q2 (C) c2/p2 (D) a2/p2
STATEMENT 2 :The numbers b1 , b2 , b3 , b4 aree 114. If a, b, c are in G.P. as well as x1, x2, x3, x4 are
in G.P. then p, q, r are in
in H.P. [ IIT 2008] ( A )
(A) A.P. (B) G.P. (C) H.P. (D) A.G.P.
Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True;
115. If x1, x2, x3, x4 are in G.P., then its common
Statement-2 is a correct explanation for
ratio is
Statement-1
1/ 4 1/ 3
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True;  ar   cr  cr ap
(A)  cp  (B)  ap  (C) ap (D) bq
Statement–2 NOT a correct explanation for    
Statement-1.

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PASSAGE: III PASSAGE: V

If a1, a2, a3 .... an are in H.P then the general term is The numbers a, b, and c are between 2 and 18,
such that
a1a2 (i) their sum is 25
given by Tn = a   n  1 a  a  and nth term (ii) the numbers 2, a, b are in A.P
2 1 2
(iii) the numbers b,c,18 are consecutive terms of a
of H.P from last term equals to G.P.
a1a2 a3 121. The value of abc is
1 1 1
, , (A) 500 (B) 480 (C) 460 (D) 440
a1a2 ....an  n  1 a1  a2  . If a b c are in A.P.,.,
3 2
122. If a,b, c are the roots of x  qx  rx  s  0
then a,b,c.... are in H.P. Also nth term of H.P = then the value of ‘r’ is
1 (A) 184 (B) 196 (C) 224 (D) 220
nth term of A.P and no terms in H.P can be zero 123. In the above question the value of q is
(A) –20 (B) –25 (C) –13 (D) 0
and there is no formula to find Sn for H.P. If Sn is PASSAGE: VI
the sum of “n” terms of an A.P, then sum of ‘n’ Let Vr denote the sum of the first r terms of an
1 arithmetic progression (A.P.) whose first term is r
terms of the corresponding H.P = S is not true. and the common difference is  2r  1 Let
n

116. If b1 , b2 .....bn are in H.P then Tr  Vr 1  Vr  2 and Qr  Tr 1  Tr for r = 1, 2,..

124. The sum V1  V2  ....  Vn is
b1b2  b2b3  .....  bn 1bn 
1
(A)  n  1 b1bn (B) nb1bn (A) n  n  1  3n2  n  1
12
(C)  n  1 b1bn 1 (D)  n  1 b1bn 1
(B) n  n  1  3n2  n  2
12
117. Let b1,b2 ..... b10 be in A.P; g1,g2 .... g10 be in
H.P. If b1 = g1 = 2, b10 = g10 = 3 then the value 1
(C) n  2 n 2  n  1
of b4g7 = 2
(A) 6 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 7 1
3
 2 n 3  2n  3 
(D)
2 2 2  15 5 3 
118 If a  9b  5c  abc     , then a,b,c 125. Tr is always
 a b c (A) an odd number (B) An even number
are in (C) A prime number
(A) A.P (B) G.P (C) H.P (D) A .G .P (D) A composite number
PASSAGE: IV 126. Which one of the following is a correct
Two consecutive numbers from 1,2,3..... n are statement?
removed. The A.M of the remaining numbers is (A) Q1 , Q2 , Q3 ,...... are in A.P. with common
difference 5
105
. (B) Q1 , Q2 , Q3 ,...... are in A.P. with common
4
119. The value of ‘n’ is difference 6
(A) 48 (B) 49 (C) 50 (D) 51 (C) Q1 , Q2 , Q3 ,...... are in A.P. with common
120 The removed numbers are difference 11
(A) 6,7 (B) 8,9 (C) 7,8 (D) 9,10 (D) Q1  Q2  Q3  ......

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PASSAGE: VII Column II

(p) 3 log3 5
126A. Let Cn  be an infinite sequence of circles all of
(q) 4
which lie in the 1st quadrant in the xy plane satisfying (r) 2
the following condition (s) 7
(t) even integer
(1) Each Cn touches both x and y- axis, n  1 128. Match the following
Column I
(2) rn1  rnn  1, rn being the radius of the n
th

circle. 2
(A) If  n  210 , then  n is divisible by the
(3) Each Cn1 touches the circle Cn externally,,
greatest prime number which is greater than
n  1 . Assume r1  4 cm (B) Between 4 and 2916 is inserted odd number
Choose the correct answer:  2n  1 G.M’s.Then the  n  1 th G.M is divisible
by greatest odd integer which is less than
126A. r2 , the radius of the circle C2 is (C) In a certain progression, three consecutive terms
A) 12 2  16 B) 6  4 2 are 40,30,24,20
C) 12  8 2 D) 6 2  8 then the integrel part of the next term of the
progression is more than
126B. In terms of r7 , the radius of circle C7 , the
4 7 10 a
13 (D) 1   2  3  ..... to   , where H.C.F
5 5 5 b
product 
n1
rn is
 a, b   1 , then a  b is less than
B) r713 C) r713 D) r7 7 Column II
A) 27 r713 (p) 16
126C) The sum of areas of all circles is (q) 10
(r) 34
A) 2 (4  3 2) B) 4 2(3  2 2) (s) 30
C) 8 (3  2 2) D) 2 2 3 2  4    129. Let a, b, c, p > 1 and q > 0. Suppose a, b, c are in
G.P.
Column I
MATRIX–MATCHING QUESTIONS
(A) logp a, logp b, logp c are in
(B) loga p, logb p, logc p are in
Statements (A, B, C, D) in Column I have to be
(C) a logp c, b logp b, c logp a
matched with statements (p, q, r, s) in Column II.
(D) qlogaap, qlogb bp, qlogc cp are in \
The answers to these questions have to be
Column II
appropriately bubbles as illustrated in the following
(p) G.P.
example.
(q) A.G.P.
If the correct matches are A–p, A–s, B–q, B–r,
(r) H.P.
C–p, C–q and D–s, then the correctly bubbled 4
(s) A.P.
× 4 matrix should be as follows :
127. Match the value of x on the left with the value 130. Let  ,  ,  be three numbers such that
on the right. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9
   , 2  2 2  ,
Column I    2    4
(A) 52 54 56 .......52x = (0.04)–28
and  +  +  = 2.
1 1 1 
log     ............. 
(B) x   0.2   4 8 16
2 5
 Column I Column II
1 1 1  (A)   (p) 6
(C) x   0.16 log  3  3  3 ..........
5/ 2 2 3

(B)      (q) 8
(D) 3x–1 + 3x–2 + 3x–3 + ..............
(C)  2   2    (r) -2
 1 1 
 2  5 2  5  1   2  .......... 
 5 5  (D)  3   3   3 (s) -1
(t) even integer

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 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL - I

131. Column I INTEGER QUESTIONS

bc b  c 3  b  c  133. Consider an AP a1, a2, a3, …. Such that a3 + a5
(A) If   then + a8 = 11 and a4 + a2 = -2, then the value of a1
ad a  d ad
+ a6 + a7 is …………………
a  be y b  ce y c  de y 134. Concentric circles of radii 1,2,3,….100cm are
(B) If   then
a  be y b  ce y c  de y drawn. The interior of the smallest circle is
(C) If x, y, z ,w are in H.P; where coloured red and the angular regions are
  
coloured alternately green and red, so that
x   a n , y   bn , z   c n no two adjacent regions are of the same
n 1 n 1 n 1 colour. The total area of the green regions in
 sq.cm is equal to k 1010  , where k equals
w   d n and 0 < a, b, c,d<1, then a , b , c , d to….
n 1

are in

2n  2
135. If the sum 5  n  2 is equal to 320 – k, then k
(D) If a, b, c, d, x are real and n 1 4

equals to ……
 a  b  c  x  2  ab  bc  cd  x
2 2 2 2

 1 1.3 1.3.5 1.3.5.7 

 b  c  d   0
2 2 2 136. 2      
 2.4 2.4.6 2.4.6.8 2.4.6.8.10 
Column II equals to………
(p) a,b,c,d are in A.P 1 1 1 2
(q) a, b, c, d are in G.P 137. If    .... upto   , then value
12 2 2 32 6
(r) a, b, c, d are in H.P
(s) a,b,c,d are in A.G.P 23  32  1 1 1 
of    ...... upto   is ……
132. Column I  2  12 32 52 
(A) If a1 , a2 , a3 ....... are in A.P and 1 1 1
138. An infinite G.P. is selected from 1, , , to
30 2 4 8
a1  a7  a10  a21  a24  a30  540 then  ai  converge to 1/7. If 1/2a is the first term of such
i 1
a G.P., find a.
(B)If a1 , a2 , a3 ....... are in A.P and 139. Let a1, a2,.......,an be an A.P. with common
difference  /6 and assume
16
a1  a4  a7  a10  a13  a16  147 then  ai  sec a1 sec a2 + sec a2 sec a3 +.... + sec an–1 sec
i 1 an. = k (tan an – tan a1 )
find the value of k.
(C) If a1 , a2 , a3 ....... are in A.P and
140. First term of an A.P. of non-constant terms is
24 3 and its second, tenth and thirty-fourth terms
a1  a5  a10  a15  a20  a24  225 then ai  form a G.P., find the common difference.
i 1
141. The largest positive term of the A.P. whose
(D)If a1 , a2 , a3 ....... are in A.P and first two terms are12/23 and 2/5 is:
142. If logx y, logz x, logy z are in G.P. , xyz = 64 and
a1  a5  a9  a13  a17  a21  a25
x3, y3, z3 are in A.P., then (x + y + z)/2.
25
 168 then  ai  143. If the mth, nrh and pth terms of an A.P. and G.P.
i 1 are equal and are x, y, z then
Column II xy-z yz-x zx-y is equal to
(p) 900 144 The interior angles of a polygon are in A.P.
the smallest angle is 1200 and the common
(q) 600
difference is 50, Then the number of sides of
(r) 392
the polygon.
(s) 2700

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 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

145. If total number of runs scored in n matches is Sm

 n  1 1  n  20 ; Let m = 5n. If S n does not depend
 4  (2n+1-n-2) where n > 1, and the runs
  on n, then a2 is____ (IIT JEE - 2011)
th n+1-k
scored in the k match are given by k. 2 , 154. The minimum value of the sum of real numbers
where 1  k  n. Then n is:
a 5 , a 4 ,3a 3 ,1, a 8 and a10 with a > 0 is ____
146. The sums of n terms of two arithmetic
(IIT JEE 2011)
progressions are in the ratio
 7n  1 :  4n  17  . Then the ratio of their nth EXERCISE - V - KEY
SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS
14n  6 
term is . The numerical quantity 1. C 2.B 3. A 4. B
8n   13 5.D 6. A 7.A 8. C
must be equal to 9. C 10.B 10a.B 10b.D
147. The sum of an infinite geometric progression 11. D 12. D 13.C 14.C
is 2 and the sum of the geometric progression 15.C 16.D 17.A 18.B
made from the cubes of the terms of this 19.D 20. D 21. A 22. C
infinite series is 24. Then the common ratio of 23. B 24.C 25. C 26. D
the G.P. must be  then the integer quantity 27. C 28. A 29. C 30. C
 must be equal to 31.D 32.A 33.D 34.C
35.C 36.C 37.C 38. C
148. If the  m  1 th,  n  1 th and  r  1 th terms 39.B 40.C 41.C 42. D
of an A.P are in G.P. and m,n,r are in H.P., then 43. D 44. A 45. B 46. C
the ratio of the first term of the A.P. to its 47. D 48. D 49. C 50. B
n 51. C 52. B 53. B 54. C
common differences in terms of n is then 55. A 56. A 57. A 58. B

59. D 60. A 61.C 62. C
the numerical quantity  must be equal to
63.C 64.C 65.A 66.A
149. Between 1 and 31, m arithmetic means are 67.A 67a.C 67b. C
inserted so that the ratio of the seventh and MULTI ANSWER QUESTIONS
(m – 1)th means is 5 : 9.Then the value of m 68. A,B,C,D 69. B,D 70. A,C 71. A,D
/ 2 is ________. 72. A,D 73. A,D
150. If a1 = 3, an = 96, and Sn = 189, the number of 74. A,B,C,D 75. A,B 76. A,C 77. B,C,D
terms in the G.P. is _______. 78. A,C 79. A,D 80. B,C,D 81. B,D
151. Three non - zero numbers a,b, and c are in 82. A,B 83. A,D 84. B,C
A.P. If we increase a by 1 or increase c by 2, 85. A,B,C,D 86. A,D 87. A,B 88. B,D
the numbers become in G.P. Then the value of 89. A,B,C 90. A,B,C 91. A,D
b – a is _________. 92. A,C,D 93. A,D 94. B,D 95. C,D
360
96. A,D 97. A,D 98. B,C 99. A,B,C,D

k 1
 
152.  1 /  k k  1   k  1 k  is the ratio of ASSERTION REASONING QUESTIONS
100. A 101. C 102. C 103.C
two relative prime positive integers m and n. 104. B 105. A 106-B 107-B
The value of |m – n| is ................ 108-A 109-C
153. Let a 1 , a 2 , a 3 .... a 100 be an arithematic COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS
progression with a 1 = 3 and 110. D 111. A 112. B 113. A
SP =
114. B 115. A 116. D 117. A
P 118. C 119. C 120. C 121. B
 a ,1  P  100 . For any integer ‘n’ with
i 1
i 122.B 123. B 124. B 125. D
126. B 126a. C 126b. B 126c.A

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 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL - I

MATRIX MATCHING QUESTIONS Similarly, S5 = 1050, S10 = 550

127. (A-s), (B-r,t) (C-q,t), (D-p)  S = S2 + S5 – S10
128. (A-p,q,r,s), (B-r,s), (C-p,q), (D-r,s) = 2550 + 1050 – 550 = 3050
129. (A-s), (B-r), (C-q), (D-p) n
log 24  log 44  log84  ......  log 42
130. (A-r,t), (B-s), (C-p,t), (D-q,t) 5. G.E =
131. (A– r), (B–q), (C–r), (D–q)
132. (A - s), (B-r), (C-p), (D-q) = log 4  2.4.8.......2 n 
INTEGER QUESTIONS
133. 7 134. 5 135. 0 136. 1 Sm m2 Sm Sn
6. . S  n2    k (say)
137. 9 138. 3 139. 2 140. 1 n m2 n2
141. 5 142. 6 143. 1 144.9
2
 2 
145. 7 146. 1 147. 2 148. 2 Tm Sm  Sm1 k m  m  1 
149. 7 150.6 151.4 152.1   2
Tn Sn  Sn1 k n2  n  1 
153. 9 154. 8   = 2m  1
2n  1
EXERCISE - V - HINTS 1
7. 3a = 1  a = ......... 1
SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS 3
A.P., G.P, H.P., & A.G.P and mean
A.P.  a  d  a  a  a  d    a  d  a  d    ...  2 
1. S2n = Sn a  a  d  a  d    ..........  3
2n n
 2  2   2n 1 3  2  57    n 1 2
2  2 1
 5n  55
Putting a  in  2  , we get
3
2. We take n = 1000, the required sum is (1 + 7 + 13 1 1
+ 19 + ...... + 6001) – (4 + 10 + 16 + .... + 5998) 3a 2  d 2   d2    0  
3 3
1001 1000 From (3)
  6001  1   5998  4   3001
2 2
d2 1 d2 1 1
3. The odd numbers of four digits which are divisible       0  
3 27 3 27 27
by 9 are 1017, 1035, .... 9999
These are in A.P with C.D = 18 8. A.M  G.M
tn = a + (n – 1 )d sin x  cos x  cos ec 2 x 3
  sin x.cos x.cos ec 2 x
a = 1017 d = 18 tn = 9999 3
9999 = 1017 + (n – 1) 18
 n  500 9. Let the two numbers a and b
n 500 13
Sn   a1  an   1017  9999  given a  b 
2 2 6
= 2754000 and A.M.’ s are A1, A2, ......... A2n inserted between
4. L.C.M. of 2 and 5 is 10. a and b.
Numbers divisible by 2 will contain numbers which Here a, A1, A2, ..................., A2n, b are in A.P.
are also divisible by 10. Similarly numbers divisible then given condition
by 5 will contain numbers which are also divisible A1 + A2 + ......... + A2n = 2n + 1
by 10. Thus the number divisible by 10 will occur or (a + A1 + A2 + ......... + A2n + b) – (a + b) = 2n
twice. Hence we can +1
write S = S2 + S5 – S10  2n  2 
or  a  b    a  b   2n  1
2  50 51 n  n  1 2
Now, S2 =  2550 by n 
2 2

102 PINEGROVE
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

or n (a + b) = 2n + 1 Either 2 x  1  0 or 2 x  8  0
or 13n = 12n + 6
or n = 6 2 x  1  0 not possible so 2 x  8  0
Hence number of means are 12  x3
10: an  an 1  2n 14. The number of terms in the groups and their last
terms are
 an2  2  n  1  n  Ist group 1 12
 an3  2  n  2  n  1  n  2nd group 3 22
3rd group 5 32
 a1  2  2  3  ....  n  (n – 1)th group 2n – 3 (n – 1)2
th
n group 2n – 1 n2
 2 1  2  3  ....  n  The first term of last group = (n – 1)2 + 1
 n2  n The sum of the numbers in the n th group
20 20 2n  1  2
  n  1  1  n 2    n  13  n3
 a   n
i 1
i
i 1
2
 n 2  
15. The number terms in the group and their first terms
20  21 41 20  21 are
   3080
6 2 Ist group 1 1
10A. use definition 2nd group 2 1+1=2
10B. use definition 3rd group 3 1 + 1 + 2= 4
4th group 4 1+1+2+3=7
11. a,b, c, d are in A.P.
50th group 50 1 + 1 + 2 + 3 +
a b c d ..... + 49 = 1226
 , , , are in A.P..
abcd abcd abcd abcd d=1 n = 50
th
1 1 1 1 The sum of the numbers in the 50 group =
 , , , in A.P.  bcd,
bcd acd abd abc 50
 2 1226  49  25  2501 = 62525
acd, abd, abc in H.P. 2
G.P
12. 1n  a  c  ,1n  c  a  , ln  a  2b  c  are in A.P..
Hence a + c, c –a, a –2b+c are in G.P. Therefore, 1
16. S  1  1/ 2   2
2
c  a   a  c  a  2b  c 
n
2 2
1  1/ 2  1 1
  c  a    a  c   2b  a  c  Sn   =2- n1
1  1/ 2  2n 1 2
2 2
 2b  a  c    a  c    c  a  1 1
S  Sn  n 1
 or 2n1  1000
 2b  a  c   4ac 2 1000
Now 210 = 32 × 32 = 1024
2ac n – 1  10 or n  111
b
ac Hence the least value is 11.
Hence, a,b and c are in H.P. 17. We can rewrite the series as
2 2 3
13. 2 x
 3  17  2 x Put 2x = t 1 1
5 5 5
   ..........
x  x   x 
 t 2  7t  8  0
We can sum up this series if |5/x| < 1
  t  1 t  8  0  | x | 5

PINEGROVE 103
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL - I

23. (a2 + b2 + c2) (b2 + c2 + d2)  (ab + bc + cd)2,

 1   1 1.3   1.3 1.3.5 
18. Sn 1      2    2  2   ....  Solving this we get
 2   2 2 .2!   2 2! 2 3! 
b 4  c 4  a2c 2  a2b2  b2 d2  b2c 2 
1.3.5...... 2n  3 1.3.5......  2 n  1  2ab2c  2bc 2 d  2abcd  0
 n 1
 
 2  n  1 ! 2n.n !  2 2 2
or b2  ac    c 2  bd    ad  bc   0
1.3.5  2n  1 b c c d
 1 b2  ac  0   , c 2  bd  0   ,
2n.n ! a b b c
or verify for n = 2 d b
19. Let a, ar, .... arn–1 be a G.P ab  bc  0  
c a
b c d
n n 1   Hence a, b, c, d are in G.P..
n  n 1
a b c
n 2 2 2n
 P  a .r
P  a .r 24. a + ar + ar2 = x. ar
or, r2 + r (1 – x) + 1 = 0, r is real
1 1 1
R   .....  n 1 0
2
i.e. 1  x   4  0
a ar ar
or, x2 – 2x – 3 > 0
S
 a 2 r n 1 or,(x + 1) (x – 3) > 0
R
 x < – 1 or x > 3
S
n 25. Given that x, y, z are the pth, qth, and rth terms of an
2 n n  n 1
  a r  P2 A.P.
R
20. Given a1 > 0 and a1,a2,a3are in G.P such that a2 =  x  A   p  1 D
a1r, a3 = a1r2 y  A   q  1 D
9a1 + 5a3 > 14a2
 5r 2  14r  9  0 z  A   r  1 D

  5r  9  r  1  0  x  y   p  q D

 9 y  z  q  r  D
 r  1, 
 5 z  x  r  p D
p 1
21. Tp  AR x Where A is the first term and D is the common
log x  log A  (p  1)logR difference. Also x, y, z are the p th , q th and r th
Similary write log y , log z terms of a G.P.
Multiply by q – r, r – p and p – q and add we get,
 x  aR p 1 , y  aR q 1 , z  aR r 1
 q  r  log x  r  p  log y  p  q log z  0 yz q 1 z  x r 1 x  y
 x y  z y z  x z x  y   aR p 1   aR   aR 
ar 3 1
22.  
ar 1  r 3  216 and 
ar 5 4
 r 2  4  r  2, 2  a y  z  z  x  x  y R  p 1 y  z  q 1 z  x  r 1 x  y 
when r = 2 then 2a (9) = 216 a  12
when r = – 2, then – 2a (1 – 8) = 216  Ao R  r 1 q r  D  q 1 r  p  D  r 1 p  q  D
216 108
= Ao R o  1
a   , which is not an integer.. 26. a  a1  d
14 7
b  a1

104 PINEGROVE
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

2
3 d f   e d  f e 
a1  d  a1  a1  d       4       [ Using Eq.
2
a c  c b  b a 
3 1
c  a1  d 3a1  a1  (1)]
2 2
d 2 f 2 2df 4ef 4e2 4df 4de
b2 c 2       2 
 a2 c2 ac cb ac b ab
a2 b2

 1  1
4
 1 
2 d 2 f 2 4ef d f e f d e
4 2 2       d   d     2  2 2  4  4  0
b =ac a 2
c b a c b c a b
2  2  2 
2
[Using b = ac]
2
 1  1  1 2
  d   d    d f e
 2  2  16   2  0
a c b
2
1 2 1
 4  d   16 d f 2e
    
a c b
1 1 Hence, d/a, e/b, f/c are in A.P.
 d2  
4 4
1 3 7 15
21 1 1 29. Let, S      .....n terms
d    or d2 = 0  d = 0 not applicable as 2 4 8 16
4 4 2
1  1  1  1  1
abc d  1    1    1     1    ....n
2  2   4   8   16 
1 1 terms
 or
2 2 1 1 1 1 1
27. Apply v n – method. 111 .....n times    2  3  4  .....  n 
2 2 2 2 2 
Solution : Here rth term
Tr  r 1  a 1  2a 1  3a  ..... 1   r  1 a   1 1 
 2 1  2n  
1 n     n  1  2 n

a

1  a 1  2a 1  3a  ....... 1  r  1 a 1  1  ra      1 1 
 2 
1
 1a12a13a...... 1r 1a
a
 
 1a12a13a......1ra 30. We have,
n n
n
1 n
1  x  2    x  1   x  2
n 1
  x  2
n2
 Tr   v r 1  v r    v 0  v n   x  1
r 1 a r 1 a  x  2    x  1
28. a,b,c are in G.P. Hence, the required sum is
2
 b  ac n n
  x  2    x  1  1
 x  2    x  1
2 2
ax  2bx  c  0 and dx  2ex  f  0 have a 31. Sum is 4 and second term is 3/4. It is given that
common root. first term is a and common ratio is r. Hence,
2
Hence,  cd  af    2ae  2bd  2bf  2ce  a 3
 4 and ar  3 / 4  r 
Divide both sides by a 2 c 2 , we get 1 r 4a
2 4a 2
a
d f   e bd   bf e  4 4
    4     Therefore, 1  3 4a  3
a c  c ac   ac a 
4a

PINEGROVE 105
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL - I

 a 2  4a  3  0 here
  a  1 a  3  0 3 3 1
abc   3b  or b  (from
2 2 2
 a  1 or 3
(i))
When a = 1, r = 3/4 and when a = 3, r = 1/4
1
32.  ,  are the roots of x 2  x  p  0 . hence, from (i), a + c =1 ac   b 2   from
4
   1 (ii)
(1)
1 2
 p Solving this we get a 
2
(2)
x 5 x
 ,  are the roots of x 2  4 x  q  0 . Hence, 34. 5  r
1 r 5
   4
(3) 5x
and 1   1 or x   0,10 
  q 5
35. A.M  G.M
(4)
H.P
 ,  , , are in G.P. Let 36. We will test for n = 2
  a,   ar ,   ar 2 ,   ar 3 200 = 50 + 3d  d = 50
Substituting these values in Eqs. (1), (2), (3) and a2 = 50 + 100 = 150
(4) we get 1 1 1
Also   3d  d  
a + ar = 1 200 50 200
(5)
1 1 1 200
a2r  p    h1 
h1 50 200 3
(6)
ar 2  ar 3  4 200
a 2 h n-1  150   10000
(7) 3
a2r 2  q 2ab h 2ab
37. h  a  b , g  ab  g  a  b ab
(8)  
Dividing (7) by (5), we get
4 2 ab
ar 2 1  r  4  
  r 2  4  r  2,  2 5 ab
a 1  r  1
2

5  a 
1

1
or
1 1
 or  1
9
 
 a b 
2
1 r 1 2 1 2 3
As p is an integer (given), r is also an integer (2 or
1
 a b

–2).  by componendo  dividendo rule 

Therefore, from (6), a  1/3. hence, a = –1 and r =
–2.
2 
 a b  3
 p   1   2   2
 a b
2 5
q   1   2   32
 a : b  1: 4 or 4:1
33. 2b = a + c .....(i)
b4 = a2c2 or b2 = ± ac .....(ii)

106 PINEGROVE
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

38. As odd number of AM, G.M and H.M. are inserted f 1 f  2  f n
between a & b.  , ........ are in A.P
So, middle term of AP is AM = an a1 a2 an
middle term of GP is GM = bn a a a
middle term of HP is HM = cn  1 , 2 ........ n are in H.P..
f 1 f  2  f n
 an ,bn ,c n are in G.P..
 D = discriminant of quadratic equation < 0 a1  a4 a2  a3
41. 
 roots are imagnary a1a4 a2a3
39. a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 are in H.P
1 1 1 1
So   
1 1 1 1 a4 a1 a3 a2
 , , ,
a1 a2 a3 a4 are in A.P
1 1 1 1
or    .............(1)
1 1 1 1 1 1 a4 a2 a3 a1
      D
a2 a1 a3 a2 a4 a3
3  a2  a3  a1  a4
a a a a a a Also 
 1 2  2 3  3 4 D a2 a3 a1a4
a1a2 a2 a3 a4 a3
1 1 1 1
a1  a2  a2  a3  a3  a4 3     ..............(2)
 D ( B y  a3 a2  a4 a1
a1a2  a2 a3  a4 a3
From (1) and (2)
law of proportion)
1 1 1 1 1 1
3
    
 a1  a4  D  ai ai 1 a2 a1 a3 a2 a4 a3
i 1
1 1 1 1
1 1
  3D
1 1
 3D   So, a , a , a and a are in A.P..
1 2 3 4
a4 a1 a4 a1
 a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 are in H.P..
a a
3D  1 4
a1a4 1 7
42.  a 4  a1  3d  2  3  
9 3
3
 3a1a4  a a
i 1
i i 1 1 1
  6d 
7
h 7 h1 18
 n  43. Corresponding A.P
40. We have f  k     ar   aK
 r 1  1 1
,....  20th term 
= Sn – aK 5 25
f  K  Sn 1 1 1  4  4
 1   19d  d    
aK ak 25 5 19  25  19  25
Given a 1, a 2, a 3 .....a n are in H.P an  0
1 1 1 1
 , , ,...... 1 4
a1 a2 a3 an are in A.P    n  1  0
5 19  25
Sn S S  n  24.75
  1, n  1........ n  1 are in A.P
a1 a2 an

PINEGROVE 107
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL - I

A.G.P., Vn Medhod 1
44. We have 49. Tn  n  1n  2 n  3  ...... n  k 
  1  1 1  1 1 
  1            ......... 1
4  3   5 7   9 11  v n1 
 n  1n  2  n  3  ..... n  k  2n  k  1
2 2 2
    ......... 1
1.3 5.7 9.11  1 1 
v n  v n1   
 n  2  n  3  
.... n  k  1 n  k n  1
1 1 1 
    .......... 
1.3 5.7 9.11 8 1 k

45. If tr denotes the nth term of the series, then  
n  1 n  2  n  3  ...... n  k  1n  k 
x 1 1 v n  v n1  1  k  Tn
xtr   
1  rx  1  r  1 x  1  rx 1  r  1 x
 1  k  Tn  v n  v n1
n n  1 
1 1  k  T1  v1  v 0
x  t   1  rx  1  r  1 x 
r
r 1 r 1   1  k  T2  v 2  v1
1 1 nx 1  k  T3  v 3  v 2
  
1  x 1   n  1 x 1  x  1   n  1 x  ...............................
n
n 1  k  Tn  v n  v n1
 
r 1
tr 
1  x  1  n  1 x  _________________
Adding (1 – k) Sn = v n  v 0
46. We have
1 1 k  k  1 k  1 1 1
1  2  3  ........  k    or 1  k  sn  
k k 2 2 n  1 n  2  ....... n  k  1.2.3......k
1 10 1
Thus, S   2  3  4  .........21   2  21  115 Lt
1  k n Sn  0 
2 2
|k
1 1 r
 
47. log2r 4 1 2
log2 4 1
r Lt
Sn 
n
n
k  1 |k
1
Solution:  log r 4 =
r 1 2
50. Let n = 2m, then
n n n
r n
r S2m = 12 + 2 × 22 + 32 + 2 × 42 + ............ + (2m –
 log
r 1
4 2r   r log
r 1
4 2  log
r 1 2 4
2
r 1
1)2 + 2 (2m)2
48. We can write the sum upto (2n + 1) terms as = 2m (2m + 1)2/2 = m (2m + 1)2
[a + (a + d)] (–d) + [(a + 2d) + (a + 3d)] (–d) + When n = 2m – 1
....... [(a +(2n – 2) d) + (a + (2n – 1 d] 12 + 2 × 22 + 32 + 2 × 42 + ........... + (2m –1)2
(–d) + (a + 2nd)2 = S2m – 2 (2m)2 = m (2m + 1)2 – 2 (2m)2
= (–d) [a + (a + d) + (a + 2d) + ........ + a + (2n – = m [4m2 + 4m + 1 – 8m] = m (2m – 1)2
1) d] + (a + 2nd)2 = n2 (n + 1)/2
r r 1
2n
  d a  a   2n  1 d   a  2nd
2
2
51. We have tr  
k 1
tk  t
k 1
k

= –2nad – n (2n – 1)d2 + a2 + 4n (ad) + 4n2d2 1 1

= a2 + 2nad + n (2n + 1) d2  r  r  1 r  2   r  1r r  1
12 12

108 PINEGROVE
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

n n
1 1 2 1  n 1 2 
 r  r  1   tr   r  1  
 r  1
4 r 1 4 r 1 4  r 1 

1 4 1 1  1   n  1 n  2  2n  3  
Now, t  r  r  1  4  r  r  1   
4  6
 1

r  
n
1 n
1 1   1  4n 1
 2n  9n2  13n  6  6 
 
r 1 tr

4  
r 1  r

r  1
 4 1 

 
n  1 n  1 24  

n
 r  1 ! r! 
24

2n2  9n  13 
52. We have tr  r  4 ! and tr 1 
  r  5 ! Inequalities
r! r! 55. Using AM  GM
Now, rtr   r  5  tr 1  r  4  !   r  4  !  0 abc 1
  abc  3
3
n 1 n 1
 rtr   r  1 t r 1  4tr 1  4  tr 1   rt  r  1 t
r r 1 
 3b 1

r 1 r 1   abc  3 (since 2b = a + c)
3
 4  t 2  t 3  ......  t n   1t1  nt n 1
b  43
 4  t1  t 2  ........t n   5t1  nt n 56. Since AM  HM
 0!  n  n  1 ! x yz

3
 5   3 1 1 1
 5!   n  4  x
 
y z

1 n! a 3 1 1 1 9
    or   
4! n  4  ! 3 1 1 1
 
x y z a
x y z
11 n! 
 t1  t 2  .........t n     a2  b2
4  4!  n  4  !  57. Since a and b are unequal,  a 2b 2
2
2r  1 (A.M. > G.M. for unequal numbers)
53. We have t r  r r  1 r  2  =
 a2  b2  2ab
Similarly b2 + c2 > 2bc and c2 + a2 > 2ca
2 1
 Hence 2 (a2 + b2 + c2) > 2 (ab + bc + ca)
r  1r  2  r r  1r  2  =2  ab  bc  ca  1
 1 1  1  1 1  x y z
 r  1  r  2  2  r r  1  r  1 r  2  58. x  y  z  1  2.  3.  4.  1
        2 3 4
Solving by using v n  method using weighted mean
1
n  3n  1 x y z
2.    3.    4.     x  2  y  3  z  4  9
we get sum = 4  n  1  n  2  2 3  4         
 2   3   4  
9  
54. Let tr denote the rth term of the series, then
9
13  23  ........  r 3  1 x2 y3z4 2 3 4 210
tr  9   x y z 
1  3  ........   2r  1   210 33 315
59. AM  GM
1 2 2
r  r  1 b c c a a b
1     
 4
2
2
  r  1 a a b b c c 1/ 6
 1
r 4
6

PINEGROVE 109
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL - I

 minimum value is 6 66. From A.M  G.M, we have

3 1
60. 27pqr   p  q  r  a1  a2  a3  .....  an 1  2an
  2c  n
n
1/ 3 p  qr 
  pqr    pqr 1
 3  a1  a2  a3  .....  an1  2an  n  2c  n
Also 3p + 4q + 5r = 12  p  q  r  1 67. Using A.M  G.M we have
61. log 2  a  b   log 2  c  d   4 tan 2 
x2  x  2
1

x 2  x   x 2  x . tan   2  2 tan 
 log 2  a  b  .  c  d   4  
2  x2  x 
  a  b  c  d   2 4
b b c c c
But A.M  G.M. a    
67A. 2 2 3 3 3  6 a( b ) 2 ( c )3
 a  b  c  d   2 6 2 3
  a  b  c  d   2
2
64 16 1
 abcd 8  k  6 6  6  ( )6
4  27 27
n
tan n A  tan n B  tan n C  tan A  tan B  tan C 
62.   16 16
3  3  i.e min. value of k  6  ( )
(Arithmetic mean of mth power of numbers) 27
tan n A  tan n B  tan n C  tan A  tan B  tan C 
n b c
  At this value a  
3  3  2 3

sin ce tan A  tan B  tan c  3 3   a : b : c  1: 2 : 3

67B. x  cos  y  sin  r  cos  y  sin 
n
1
 tan n A  tan n B  tan n C  3 2 MULTI ANSWER QUESTIONS
2F  n   1 A.P
63. Given, F  n  1  68. (A), (B) on rationalizing each term, we get series
2
1 7 3 11  7 15  11
 F  n  1  F  n       .........upto n term
2 73 11  7 15  11
Hence, the given series is an A.P . With common
1 n
difference 1/2 and first term being 2. F 101 is  3  4n  3  which is equal to
4 3  4n  3
101 st term of A.P is given by choices (A) and (B) are correct
2  101  11/ 2   52 n
(C) Since  n , choice c is also correct
1 1 1 1 3  4n  3
64.   
ab bc ca abc n n n
(D) And  
abc 1 3  4n  3 4n 2
  abc  3
3 69. We have 1072 < 10 (2a + 19d) < 1162 and a + 5d
1
1 1 = 32
 abc  3   abc   1072 < 640 + 90d < 1162
3 27
65. Using A.M.  G.M. 432 522
d and d is natural number, so d = 5
(a  b)  (c  d) 90 90
 (a  b)(c  d)  a=7
2
 0  M 1

110 PINEGROVE
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

n Since roots of px 2  qx  r  0
70. Sn  2a   n  1 d  a  bn  cn2
2
are all real then q 2  4 pr  0
n  n  1 d
 na   a  bn  cn2 2
2  pr 
   4 pr  0  from 1 
2  2 
 d nd
  a   n   a  bn  cn2 2
 2 2   p  r   16 pr  0
On comparing coefficient, we get
 p 2  r 2  14 pr  0
d d
a  0,b  a  ,c  2
2 2 r r
    14    1  0
71. By hypothesis,  p  p
2 pr
q r 
2
r
pr    7   48  7  4 3
p  p
q pr
   k  say  Case: (ii)
2 pr
q 2  4 p  2q  p   0
 q  2k , pr  k  p  r 
2 2 2 q2  8 pq  4 p2  0
Also, p  r   p  r   2 pr
2
2
 p  p
2q 2  p 2  r 2   p  r   2 pr 1 8   4   0
q q
2
8k 2   p  r   2 k  p  r  2
 p  p 1
2    2    0
 p  r  2  p  r  k  8k 2  0 q q 4
2
 p  r  4k ,  2k p  3
 p  r  4k , pr  4k 2   1 
q  4
2 2
and  p  r   p  r   4 pr  0 p 3
 1 
 pr q 2
This is against the hypothesis 73. Let the positive integers inA.P. are a, a + d, a + 2d,....
2
 p  r  2k , pr  2k according to question a + a + d + a + 2d = 12
2  a + d = 4 .... (i)
Now,  p  r   12k 2  p  r  2 3k also a + 3d + a + 5d = 14
Combine it with p  r  2k to get  a + 4d = 7 .... (ii)
From (i) and (ii) a = 3, d = 1
 
p  1  3 k and r  1  3 k   Hence x 5 = a + 4d = 7
G.P
 p : q : r :: 1  3 : 2 : 1  3 74. We have
or p : q : r :: 1  3 :   2 :1  3 b3 > 4b2 – 3b1  b1r 2  4b1r  3b1
72. Case: (i)  b1  0 
 r 2  4r  3
p,q,r are in A.P
 r 2  4r  3  0  r  3  r  1  0
 2q  p  r ....... 1
 r  3 or r  1

PINEGROVE 111
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL - I

Since r = 3.5 and r = 5.2 are both greater than 3, a + d, a + 2d, (a + d) r2 are in G.P.
(c) and (d) are also true.  (a + 2d)2 = (a + d)2 r2
a a 2 2 1
75. Let the first four terms be 3
, ,a,ar 3 then   6  2d   6  d .
r r 4
2 2
 a  a   4  6  2d   6  d
  3
 r 3   r   ar  ar  4
  
1
 6  2d   6  d .  d = –2
 a4  4 a 2 2
a 1 1 1  The 4 numbers are 6, 4, 2, 1.
Also given  3  r2  r 80. Let an denotes the side of the square Sn then
r ar 2 2
an  2an1
a
3
so, the sum to infinite series S  r an1 1
 
1 r2 an 2
a n 1
( first term = and common ratio = r2)  1 
r3  a n  a1  
 2
sin x
76. .cos x, tan x are in G.P..  1 
n 1

6 (G.P. formula) = 10  
 2 
sin x.tan x
 cos 2 x  Now, we must have an2  1
6
2n  2
 6 cos3 x  cos 2 x  1  0  1 
 100   1
Put cos x = t  6t 3  t 2  1  0  2
  2t  1  3t 2  2t  1  0  2n  200  n  8
As the quadratic factor has imaginary roots. 81. Let the sides be a, ar, ar2. If r > 1, then
\ t = 1/2 i.e.., cos x = 1/2 (ar2)2 = (a)2 + (ar)2 (since in this case (ar)2 will be

the hypotaneous i.e., the largest side)
x  2k
3 1 5  2 1 5 
77. Take a = 1, b = 2. c = 3 (As a, b, c are in A.P.)  r4  1  r2  r2  ,  r  2  is not
2  
We get, 2bx 1 is G.M. of 2ax 1 and 2cx 1 for x  0. possible
78. 5Sn = (1) (5)2 + (2) (53) + .......... + (n – 1)5n +
(n)5n+1 1 5
r
Subtracting from Sn, we obtain 2
–4S n = 5 + 5 2 + .......... + 5 n – n (5 n+1 ) If 0 < r < 1 then a is the largest side
2 5 1

5 5n  1  n 5 2
 a 2   ar    ar 2  r 

4
  n 1

82. Let roots be a – b, a, a + b, so that

2

1 3  b    b / 3
 Sn   4n  1 5n1  5 
16   b3 b3 bc
   d0
79. Let the four numbers be a, a + d, a + 2d, 27 9 3
(a + d).r2.
 2b3  9bc  27d  0
where d is the common difference of A.P. and r is
Next, roots be a/b, a, ab, so that
common ratio of the G.P.
a3 = –d or a = (–d)1/3
1 – d + b (–d)2/3 + c (–d)1/3 + d = 0
a = 6 and r = is given
2
 b3 d  c 3
112 PINEGROVE
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

83. As all x i ‘s are positive integers and

1 1
x1.x 2 .x3 .x 4  64 
But    n  1 d  n a1  d
1 1 a
 x1, x 2 , x3 , x 4 must be power of 2. a n a1 n 1
Then, amongst all possible values of Equation (i) becomes (n – 1) a1an
x1.x 2 .x3 .x 4  64 and in that case x5 = 16. 2ab
a
87. On solving ab  4 as a quadratic in ,
1 1 ab 5 b
84. x  .....(i)
1  cos  sin 2 
2
a
we get = 4, 1/4
b
1 1 a and b are the correct choices.
y  .....(ii)
1  sin  cos 2 
2
88. Let A, a1,a2 , B be in A. P..
B  A 2A  B
a1  A  
1 3 3
z .....(iii)
1 cos  sin2 
2
B  A A  2B
 a2  A  2. 
3 3
Also A, g1, g2, B are in G.P.
1 xy
 z  or xyz  xy  z B
1 1 xy  1   r3
1 . A
y x
1/ 3
also xy = x + y g1  Ar  A B / A 
H.P 2/3
2 3
g2  Ar 2  A B / A 
85. Let a2 = a1r, a3 = a1r , a4 = a1r .... then
2a1a2 2ra1  g1 g2  A 2 B / A   AB
l2 = a  a  1  r ....... 1 Also A, h1, h2, B are in H.P.
1 2
1 1 1 1
2a2 a3 2r 2 a1  , , , are in AP
36   .......  2  A h1 h2 B
a2  a3 1  r
1 1 1 1 1  1 A B
     
From (1) and (2) h1 A 3  B A  A 3AB

36 1 3B  A  B A  2B 3AB
rr 3     h1 
12 h1 3AB 3AB A  2B
6 and
From (1) a1  12  a1  8
4 1 1 2  1 1  3B  2  A  B 
    
aa d aa  1 1 a1  a 2 h2 A 3  B A  3AB
1 2 1 2
86. a1a 2  d  d  a  a   d
 2 1  1 2A  B
 
a 2  a3 a  a4 h2 3AB
Similarly a 2 a 3  , a 3a 4  3 and so on
d d
3AB
a1a2 + a2a3 + a3a4 + ........ + an–1an h2 
2A  B
1
 a1  a 2  a 3  a 4  .............  a n 1  a n  Obviously g1g2  AB  a1h2  a 2h1
d
1 2

a1  a n 89. A1  a   b  a  , A 2  b   b  a 
...... (i) 3 3
d

PINEGROVE 113
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL - I

 A1  A 2  a  b Which is positive  a, b, c, d  0 
1/ 3 2/3
  b
  b 1 1
Similarly, G1  a   , G 2  a   Also ad  bc  p 2  9q 2  p 2  q 2
a a
 G1G 2  ab 8q 2
 0
1 1 11 1 1 21 1
     , H2     
p 2
 9q 2  p 2  q 2 
and H1 a 3  b a  a 3b a 
2a2c 2 2
1 1 1 1 92. we have 2b = a + c and b = 2 .......(i)
Now, H  H  a  b a  c2
1 2 On eliminating b, we get

H1  H 2 a  b A1  A 2
  
8a2c 2  a2  c 2  2ac a2  c 2  
H1H 2 ab G1G 2
which can be arranged as
GG A  A2
 1 2  1
H1H 2 H1  H 2
a 2

 c 2  2ac a2  c 2  4ac  0 
2
 either a = c or (a + c) + 2ac = 0
3ab 3ab
Now, H1  H 2   If a = c then a = b = c
a  2b 2a  b
 a, b, c may be treated as three numbers in G.P..
9ab  a  b  If (a + c)2 + 2ac = 0, then by using (i) choice (d)

 a  2b  2a  b  follows.
93. Given (a + nd)2 = (a + md) (a + rd)
A1  A 2 2  a  b   5ab
2 2
2
  a  a  a 
H1  H 2 9ab    n    m   r  ... (i)
d  d  d 
G1G 2 5 2a b
Thus, A A  9  9  b  a  2mr m  r  n
1 2 Also n =  mr  ... (ii)
90. As a, b, c are in H.P., 1/a, 1/b, 1/c are in A.P. mr 2
Let the common difference of this A.P. be d Now, Now from (i),
2 2
1  1  1 a  an  2 a a
E    d    d   2  d2  d   2  d   n   d   m  r  d  mr
c  c  c      
2


1  1 1
  
2

1
n2 
m  r  n
c 2  c b  bc b2 a n2  mr 2
   from (ii)
Next, d m  r  2n m  r  2n

1 1 1 1 1 3 2 1
2 a n mr
E       2   2   
c 2
4c a 4c ca a  d 2 mr
th
2 2 94. Let x be the first term and y be the  2n  1 term
2 1 1 1 3 2
and E          2  of A.P., G.P. and H.P. whose nth terms are a,b,c
b a b a b ab
respectively. Now according to the property of A.P.,
1 1 1 1 G.P. and H.P., x, a, y are in A.P.; x, b, y are in G.P.
91. Take a  p  3q , b  p  q , c  p  q , d  p  3q
and x, c, y are in H.P. Hence,
Then a + d > b + c easily follows x y
Since (a + d) – (b + c) a  A.M
2
2p 2p  8q 2 
   2p   b  xy  G.M
p 2  9q 2 p 2  q 2   p 2  9q 2  p 2  q 2  

114 PINEGROVE
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

2 xy 99. an4 + bn3 + an2 + dn + e

c  H .M n n
x y
 2 r r  1 r  2    r r  1
Now, A.M, G.M. and H.M are in G.P. Hence, r 1 r 1

b 2  ac 2 1
 n n  1n  2 n  3   n n  1n  2 
Also, A.M.  G.M  H.M. Hence, 4 3
abc 1
A.G.P. Vn METHOD 
6

3n4  16n3  27n2  14n 
1  2  3  .........  r
95. Tr 
13  23  ...........  r 3 ASSERTION & REASON QUESTIONS
2 1 1 
 2    100. According to theory
r  r  1  r  r  1 
1 xr rx r
n n
1 1   1  tr  2

 Sn   Tr  2     2 1   1  x  1 x
r 1 r 1  r r 1  n 1
n n n
which can not be greater than 2 1 1
96. The given series can be written as
t r  2  1  x   1  x  rx
r r

r 1 1  x  r 1 r 1

 2 1 3  2 100  99   x 1  x n    x 1  x n  nx n 1 
100    ......  1 1
 1.2 2.3 99.100   2
n    2
 
1  x   1 x  1 x  1  x  1 x 
 
 1 1   1 1   1 1 
 100         .........     n 1  x n 1  2x 1  x n 
 1 2   2 3   99 100    
2 3
= 99 1  x  1  x 
97. If n is odd then n – 1 is even and Sn = Sn-1 + n2 2ac b 2c b 2a
2 101. b    and 
n  1 n  n2 
n2 ac a ac c ac
  n  1
2 2 a  b 1  b / a a  3c
 
2a  b 2  b / a 2a
n2
since n  1 is even if n is of the from 4 I + 3 . c  b 1  b / c 3a  c
2  
and
98. an is sum of reciprocals of natural numbers starting 2c  b 2  b / c 2c
at n + 1 and ending at 3n ab cb 3c a 3
Thus, 2a  b  2c  b  1  2  a  c   1  2  2   4
1 1 1 1 19  
\ a2     
3 4 5 6 20 102. Rewrite the given expression as
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
   0
\ an1   ....     a cb c ab
n2 n3 3n 3n 1 3n  2 3n  3
acb a cb
1 1 1 1   0
 an1  an     a c  b c a  b
3n  1 3n  2 3n  3 n  1
2ac
1 1 2  a c  b  c b  a   b 
=   ac
3n  1 3n  2 3n  3
For statement-2, put t = x/y, and write the
1 1 2 expression as
  
3n  1 3n  2 3n  3 y2 [a (b – c) t2 + b (c – a) t + c (a – b)]
9n  5 t = 1 satisfies the expression within bracket. For
 perfect square other root must be 1.
 3n  1 3n  2  3n  3  103. We can use A.M  G.M to have

PINEGROVE 115
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL - I

3a c n
 2b  Reason R is false, since is not finite as
1 105
3 1
3

3  a .b 2 .3c  6 n
 
6  27 
108. Statement -1 Co-efficient of x 49 is , equal to
1 50  51
 a 3b 2 c  1 + 2 + 3 +........+ 50 =  25  51=1275
5184 2
104. a + c = 2b, ab = c2 (i) Statement (2) is correct and correct explanation
2bc c  a  c  ac  ab for statement (1)
Now   a 109. Let a1 = a, a2 = a5, a3 = ar2 , a4 = ar3
bc bc bc
b1 = a, b2 = a + ar, b3 = a + ar + ar2, b4 = a + ar +
c, a,b are in H.P. ar2 + ar3 . So b1, b2, b3, b4 are neither in A.P. nor in
Eliminating a from two expressions in (i) we get G.P. nor in H.P. So, statement-1 is true and
c2 / b  c  2b  c2  bc  2b 2  0 statement 2 is false.
 c  b  c  2b   0  c  2b  c  b
Thus, a = 4b.
COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS
Now, a : b : c = 4 : 1 : –2
105. The Assertion A can be proved by taking the
Paragraph for Question Nos. 110 to 112
intersection of the inequaliaties. 110. As A.M.  G.M.
a > 0, ar > 0, ar2 > 0, a + ar > ar2, ar + ar2 > a. b c c a a b 1
ar2 + a > ar     
c b c a a b
c b a c b a        6
The inequalities follow from Reason b c a c b a
106. Ans: (B) 6  
Sol. Let a, ar, ar2 be the sides of right triangle
a2 + (ar)2 = (ar2)2  b2  c2  c2  a 2 a 2  b2
or,  bc   6
 r4  r2  1  0   ca ab
Let r2 = x
or, a  b 2  c2   b  c 2  a 2   c  a 2  b 2   6abc
x2 – x – 1 = 0
 minimum value of
1 5
x
2      
a b 2  c 2  b c 2  a 2  c a 2  b 2 is 6 abc

1 5  2 1 5  according to question  abc = 6abc

r2   r  
2 2    =6

111. As a, b, c,d, e, f, are (+) ve
 r can take only two values (a+f) (b +e) (c+d) > 0
 A is true So, x > 0 ...........(1)
Also r  1 , because a, a, a can not be the sides As A. M.  G.. M.
of right triangle , therefore either r is
greater than one or less than one. a  f    b  e  c  d  1
  a  f  b  e  c  d   3
107.Ans :(B) 3
Sol Assertion A is false , since each term of the 3
3
or, x
1 1 1 1 3
series 6  6  6  6  .......... is
10 10 10 10 or, x  1................(2)
–5
smaller than 10 , but its sum upto infinity is infinity from (1) and (2) 0 < x  1
112. By weightage mean

116 PINEGROVE
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

a b b1  b2 b b
3   4   3 4  .....  n 1 n  b1b2  b2b3
3 4  7
a b d d
7 3 4
    .......  bn 1bn ..... 1
ab a3 b4 33  4 4 A lso
or,  7    a 3b 4
7 33 4 4 77 b1  b n
Paragraph for Question Nos. 113 to 115 n  1d  . .. . . . . . .. . . .  2 
b1 b n
Sol. x1  x 2  b / a, x1x 2  c / a, from (1) and (2)
x3  x4  q/ p, x3 x 4  r / p, b1b2  b2  b3  .........bn 1bn   n  1 b1bn
1 1
113. x 2  x1  x  x 1 7
4 3
117. b10  3  d  , b4 
9 3
2
2  x3  x 4 
 x 2  x1   2
1 1
 ,
1 1
  9D
 x 4 x3  g1 2 g10 g1
 x  x1   1
2
1
 2  9D 
2 2 6
 x 4  x 3   x3 x 4 
1
2
D
 x  x1   4x1x 2  1
 2
54
2 2
 x 3  x 4   4x3 x 4  x 3 x 4  18
On putting values we get g7 
7
b2  4ac a2 7 18
 b4 g 7    6
q2  4pr r 2 3 7
2x 4 x x 2  x1 x 4  x 3 118. a 2  9b 2  5c 2  15bc  5ac  3ab  0
114. x  x  x1

x3
1 3 2 2 2
  a  3b    3b  5c    5c  a   0
2
 x1  x 2  
x12 x1x 2
 k k
 x3  x 4 
2
x 32 x 3 x 4 a  3b  5c  a  k , b  ,c 
3 5
on putting value, we get q2  pr clearly a,b,c are in H.P
Paragraph for Question Nos. 119 to 120
115. x 2  x1r , x 3  x1r 2 , x 4  x1r '3
Let , p, (p + 1) be removed numbers from 1, 2,
2
x1x 2  x r   c / a ......... (i)
1
3....n then sum of remaining numbers =
x 3 x 4  x12r 5  r / p ........ (ii) n n 1
 2 p 1
2
1/ 4
4 ra  ra 
dividing (ii) by (i) r     = r1 105 n  n 1
pc  pc      2 p 1  2n2 103n  8 p  206  0
4 2
Paragraph for Question Nos. 116 to 118 Since n and p are integers so ‘n’ must be even Let
1 1 b1  b2 n = 2r.
 d  d
b2 b1 b1b2
4r 2  1031  r 
b1  b2 b  bn We get P 
 b1b2 ....... n 1  bn 1bn 4
d d
Since ‘P’ is an integer so (1–r) must be divisible by

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 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL - I

4. let r = 1 + 4t we get n = 2 + 8t = log5/2 (1/2) log (2/5)2

and P = 16t2 – 95t + 1. Now 1  p < n = log 4 x4
1  16t2 – 95t + 1 < 8t + 2  t = 6 2  52 
1/ 3
 n = 50 and p = 7. D) 3x 
1  1/ 3 1  1/ 5
Hence removed numbers are 7 and 8.
Paragraph for Question Nos. 121 to 123 
1 x
 3   12  53 
a + b + c = 25, .........(i) 2a = 2 + b..............(ii), 2
c2 = 18b ............(iii)  x  3 log 3 5
From (i) and (ii) 3b + 2c = 48
From c2 + 12c – 288 = 0  c = 12, – 24 128. A.  n  210  n  n  1  420
 c = 12  a, b, c lie between 2 and 18
B. G 2 n 1  4  2916 
c = 12, b = 8, a = 5
Paragraph for Question Nos. 124 to 126 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
C.       hence
30 40 24 30 20 24 120
r
124. Vr   2  r  (r  1)(2r  1) 1 1 1 1
2 , , , are in AP with common
40 30 24 20
r r2 r
 [2r 2  r  1]  r 3   1
2 2 2 difference
120
n n
r 2 r n(n  1)(3n 2  n  2) 1 1 1 1 
 Vr   r 3  2 2
 
12 D. s  s  1  3   2
 3  ............ 
r 1 r 1 4 5 5 5 
125. Tr  Vr 1  Vr  2 129. Since b2 = ac
= (3r – 1) (r + 1) = composite number. 2log b = log a + log c
 log a, log b, log c are in A. P..

126. Q r  Tr 1  Tr (A) logp a,logp b,logp c in A.P..

= 6r + 5 1 1 1
and d = Qr – Qr – 1 = 6 (B) Since log a , log b , log c in H.P..
p p p

MATRIX MATCHING QUESTIONS loga p,logb p,logc p in H.P..

(C) since a, b, c in G.P.
2+4+6 + ........ 2x = 28
127. A) 5 (25) and logp c,logp b,logp a in A.P..
x  x 1 56
5 5
2
alogp c,blogp c,c logp a in AGP
 x  x  56  0  x  7 as n  0
(D) on checking given number are in G.P.
 1/ 4  1 1 1 1
B) 2 log 5 x  log 5  1  1/ 2  log5  0.2  130. Given       2 -----(i)
 

1 1 1 1 1 9
 log 5   log 5    2  2 
2
  5  2
  4 ......(ii)

1  +  +  = 2. -----(iii)
log5  
  2   log 4  x  2 1 1 1 1
log 5 5
5
(A) from (i)       2

 1/ 3 equering both sides

C) log x  log 2.5  1  1/ 3  log  0.16 
  1 1 1  1
2
 2  2  2 
      4

118 PINEGROVE
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

9 2 1
or, 4  2    4 or,   2 1 1 1 1
y    3  
c a c b
1 1 1 1 1 1
(B) from equation (i)       2   x  y  x 
c b
     1
or,  or,      = 1 1 1 1 1 1
 2 From (4) and (5)     
b a c b a c
 2
  1  a, b, c, d are in H .P
2 2
(C) From (iii)       2 a  be y b  ce y c  de y
squaring both sides   
a  be y b  ce y c  de y
 2 +  2 +  2 + 2 (  +   +   ) = 4 2a 2b 2c
 
or,  2 +  2 +  2 + 2 × –1 = 4 2be y
2ce y
2de y
or  2 +  2 +  2 = 6  By compounds divided 
(D)as  3 +  3 +  3 – 3    = (  +  +  )
b c d
[  2 +  2 +  2 – (   +   +   )]     a, b, c, d are in G.P
a b c
or,  3 +  3 +  3 – 3(–2) = 14
a b c d
or,  3 +  3 +  3 = 8 (C) x  ,y ,z  ,w 
1 a 1 b 1 c 1 d
bc b  c 3  b  c  Since x, y, z, w are in H.P
 
ad a  d ad 1 1 1 1
131. (A) Given  , , , are in H.P
 i   ii   iii  x y z w

From (i) and 1 1 1 1

  1,  1,  1,  1 are in
bc ad 1 1 1 1 a b c d
(ii)      ......... 1 A.P
bc ad c b d a
From (ii) and 1 1 1 1
 , , , arein A.P
a b c d
a  d 3 b  c 1 1  1 1 
(iii)     3   ........ 2  a, b, c, d are in H.P
ad bc d a c b
(D)Given
1 1 1 1
Let   x,   y
b a d c  a2 b2 c2  x2 2 abbcca x b2 c2 d2   0
1 1 1 1 2 2 2
  ax  b    bx  c    cx  d   0
  x,   y ..........  3 
b a d c
b c d
1 1  x , x , x
putting the value of and in 1 , we get a b c
b d
b c d
1 1 1 1     a, b, c, d are in G.P
 x  y   x  y a b c
c a c a
132. Given, a1, a2, a3....... are in A.P. Let ‘d’ be its
1 common difference and a1 = a
putting the value of from  3 in  2  , we get
d (A)Given a1  a7  a10  a21  a24  a30  540

6a + 87d = 540  3  2a  29d   540

PINEGROVE 119
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL - I

2a + 29d = 180
 320  320  k  k  0
30
30
 ai   2a  29d   15  180  2700 1.3.5....  2 n  1
i 1 2 136. Tn  2.4.6....2 n 2 n  2
 
INTEGER QUESTIONS 1.3.5....  2 n  1
  2n  2    2n  1 
2.4.6....2n  2n  2  
133. Let us assume that ‘a’ is the first term and the
common difference is ‘d’ of the given AP. 1.3.5....  2 n  1 1.3.5....  2n  1 2n  1
Given that, a3 + a5 + a8 = 11  Tn  
2.4.6....2 n 2.4.6....2 n  2 n  2 
 a  2d  a  4d  a  7 d  11
 Tn  f  n   f  n  1
 3a  13d  11.......  i 
Also, given that  Sn   Tn  f 1  f  2 
a4  a2  2 1  2Sn  1
f  3  f  4  ....  f 1 
 a  3d  a  d  2 2
 a  1  2d .......  ii  1 1 1 2
137. We have, 2  2  2  .....upto  
Solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), 1 2 3 6
we get d = 2 amd a = - 5
Now, a1 + a6 + a7
1 1 1 1 1 1 2
      .....upto  
 a  a  5d  a  6d  3a  11d 12 2 2 32 4 2 52 6 2 6

 3  5   11 2   15  22  7 1 1 1 
  2  2  2  ..... 
134. Area of all the green (G) regions 1 3 5 
2
 1 1 1  
  2  2  2  ....  
2 4 6  6
G
R
RG 1 1 1
2
 1   
2
G
100 .... 4 3 2 1 R   2  2  2  .....   2   
1 3 5  2  6  6
2
1 1 1  
  2  2
 2
 .....  
1 3 5  8
23  32  1 1 1 
   22 12    42  32    62  52   .....  1002  992    2  2  2  2  ..... upto  
 1 3 5 
 2  1 2  1   4  3  4  3   23  32  2
     9
......  100  99 100  99   2 8
 100  100  1  1
 1  2  3  ......  100     138. Let common ratio is and
2
 2b
 
= 5050  sqcm 1
a a 1
2n  2 2n.22  1 
n S   2 
T
135. n      .4.16 1 r 1 1 7
4 n  2 4 n.4 2  2  2 b

 n  b  3& a  b  b  3& a  b hence a = 3

1
 S  320    320 1 1 1
n 1  2  139. cos a cos a  cos a cos a  ........ cos a cos a
1 2 2 3 n1 n

120 PINEGROVE
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

 (n-9) ( n-16) = 0  n = 9 or 16
1  sin  a2  a1  sin  a3  a2  sin  an  an1   But when n = 16, the greatest interior angle is 1200
    .. 
sin d  cos a1 cos a2 cos a2 cos a3 cosn1 cosn  +(16-1)5 =1950 which is not possible, for interior
angle is < 180.Hence the number of sides = 9.
1
   tan a 2  tan a1    tan a 3  tan a 2   ...........   n
k.2n1k  2n 1
n
k
sin d
 tan a n  tan a n 1 
145. Sn  
k 1
 k.2
k 1

1 1 1 1 
  tan an  tan a1  K 2  2 1  n  1
sin d sin d 2
 2n1   
140. T2  3  d, T10  3  9d, T34  3  33d  1 1  1 1
 2  2
since T2 .T 10 ,T34 are in G.P  
2  1 n 
T10  T2T34  2n 2 1  n  n1   2n 2  4  2n
 2 2 
2
  3  9d    3  d  3  33d 
 2  2n 1  2  n 
 d  0,1 hence d = 1
n  1 n1
141. Let last term is Tn so, Sn= (2  2  n) (as given)
4
12  14  74  14n n  1 n1
Tn    n  1   = So,   
2  2  n  2 2n1  n  2 
23  115  115 4
hence for n = 5 last positive term obtained. n +1 = 8 , n =7
142. According to question, n
2a1   n 1 d1 
log z x log y z 3 3 2 
7n 1
   log x    log z   x  z 146. n
log x y log z x 2a2   n 1 d2  4n  17
2
Since 2y3  x 3  z 3  x 3  y3 or x  y
n 1
given xyz  64 & x  y  z a1  d1
2 7n  1

 x  y  z  4 & x  y  z  12 n 1 4 n  17
a2  d2
143. Then x = a + (m -1 ) d and x = b rm-1 32
y = a+(n-1)d and y = b rn-1 n 1
z= a + ( p-1) d and z = b rp-1 Now  m 1
2
 x - y = (m-n) d, y -z = (n-p) d,  n = 2m - 1
z -x = ( p-m) d
a1   m  1 d1 7  2m  1  1
 n p  d 
x y  z y z  x z x  y  br m1  a1   m  1 d 2 4  2m  1  17
Now  p m  d  m n d Replace m and n
br n1  br p1 
   
a1   n  1 d1 14n  6
= b[n-p+p-m+m-n]d r[(m-1)(n-p)+(n-1) (p-m)+(m+n)]d 
= b0.d r 0.d = 1 a1   n  1 d 2 8n  13
144. Let the number of sides of the polygon be n Then    13
the sum of all the interior angles = (n´ 180 -360)
sum of the interior angles . a
147. 8 ...........  i 
= 120 + 125 + 130 .... to n terms = 1 r
n a3
240   n  1 5  24 ...........  ii 
2 1 r3
n From (i) and (ii) integer value of r is –2
 240   n  1 5   n  1800  3600
2  2
 n2 - 25n + 144 = 0 148. a  md , a  nd , a  rd are G.P..

PINEGROVE 121
 SEQUENCES & SERIES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL - I

2 Again by the given condition, a + 1, b,c are in G.P.,

  a  nd    a  md  a  rd  and a,b,c + 2 are in G.P. Therefore,
 a 2  n 2 d 2  2and  a 2 b2 = (a + 1)c ...........(2)
and b2 = a(c + 2) ...........(3)
 ad  m  r   mrd 2 By (2) and (3),
(a +1)c = a (c +2)
 n 2 d  3rd  a  m  r  2n 
 ac  c  ac  2a  c  2a
 d  n 2  mr   a  m  r  2n 
  2  gives b 2   a  1 2a
a n  2mr  Also (1) gives 2b  a  2a  3a

d

2  n  m  r 
3a 9a 2
Hence 2 b    a  1 2a
2 4
149. Let A1,A2,.....,Am be m arithmetic means between
1 and 31. 9a
  a 1  a 8
Then 1, A1,A2,.....,Am, 31 is an A.P. with common 8
d i f f e r e n c e .  2b  24
31  1 30  ba  c  2  8  16  b  12
d  U sin g : d 
m 1 m  1  n  1  1
Now A7 = 1 + 7d 152. Tk 
k k  1  k  k  1 
7  30 m  211
 A7  1  
m 1 m 1 1 1
 
and Am–1= 1 + (m – 1)d k k 1
30 360
 1  m  1 S  
 1

1 
m 1 
k 1  k k 1 
31m  29
 1 18
m 1  1 
A7 361 19
5
It is given that A  9 153. a1 , a2 , a3 .....a100 is an A.P..
m 1
p
m  211 5
  a1 = 3, Sp =  a , 1  p  100
i
31m  29 9 i 1

 9m  1899  155m  145 5n

 146m  2044 Sm S5n 2  6   5n 1 d 
 
 m  14 Sn Sn n
 6  d  nd 
2
150.  3r n 1  96
Sm
r n 1  32................1
S n is independent of n if 6 – d = 0  d = 6
 r n 1  a2  a1  d  3  6  9
 a1    189
 r 1 
154. Using A.M  G.M
 32r  1 
 3   189 [Using (1)] a 5  a 4  a 3  a 3  a 3  a 8  a10  1
 r 1  1
 32r  1  63r  63 8
 31r  62
n1 5  a 5  a 4  3a 3  a 8  a10  1  8
r  2 2 2  n6
151. Since a,b,c are in A.P.,
2b = a + c ...........(1)

122 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL- I MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION

MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION
a dr
SYNOPSIS S   where r  1
1  r 1  r 2
 Principle of Finite Mathematical W.E-1: Sum to infinite terms of
Induction : 1  3 x  5 x 2  7 x 3  .....   (If x  1) is__
For n  N , let P(n) be a statement in terms of n. If [Eam-1998]
P(1) is true and P(k) is true  P(k + 1) is true,
then P(n) is true, for all n  N . a dr
s  
 Principle of Complete Mathematical Sol: 1  r 1  r 2
Induction : where a  1 , d  2 , r  x
For n  N , let P(n) be a statement in terms of n. If
P(1), P(2), P(3),.... P(k-1) are true  P(k) is true, 1 2x 1 x
  2

then P(n) is true, for all n  N . 1  x 1  x  1  x 2
 a ,  a  d  ,  a  2 d  , ... form an A.P.. Similarly If x  1,
then
1
(i) nth term tn  a   n  1 d , Where a is the s  1  2 x  3 x 2  4 x 3  ...   
first term and d is the common difference. 1  x 2
n Some important points:
(ii) Sum of n terms S n   2a   n  1 d  i) Sum of first n natural numbers i.e.
2
n n  n  1
 a  l   n  1  2  3  ......n  2
, n  N
2
Where a = first term, l = last term ii) Sum of the squares of first n natural numbers is
2 2 2 2 2 n n1 2n1
 2
a , a r , a r , . . . form a G.P then  n 1 2 3 ...n  6
,nN

(i) nth term tn  a.r n 1 , Where a = first term iii) Sum of the cubes of first n natural numbers is
2
r = common ratio 3 3 3 n 2  n  1
3 3
 n  1  2  3  ...  n 
(ii) Sum of n terms Sn a
r ;
n
 1 4
2
r 1   n ,nN
(iii) In an infinite G.P, Sum of Infinite terms is

S 
a
where r  1
iv)14  24  34  ......  n 4   n4
1 r
 a   a  d  r   a  2d  r  ... 2


n n4  1   n  n  1 3 n 2  n  1
5 6
......   a   n  1 d  r n 1
form A.G.P. then v) Sum of the first ‘n’ odd +ve integers =
1 + 3 + 5 + ... + (2n-1)  n 2
(i) nth term tn   a   n  1 d  r n 1 vi) Sum of the first ‘n’ even +ve integers =
(ii) Sum of n terms 2 + 4 + 6 + ............ + 2n  n  n  1
a dr 1  r n 1
   a   n  1 d  r n
2
Sn   2
vii)  n 2    n  ... etc.,
1 r 1  r  1  r 
(iii) Sum of Infinite terms n  n  1 n  2 
viii)  n  n  1 
3

PINEGROVE 123
 MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL- I

n  n  1 n  2  n  3   
sin 2n 
ix)  n  n  1 n  2  
4  cos.cos2.cos4 ...cos 2  n1
   n
2 sin 
x)12  22  32  42  52  62  ..... ‘n’ terms
 3  5  7  2n  1 
n  n  1   1  1   1  4   1  9  ... 1  2    n  12
 ; if n is even      n 
2
 For a sequence T1 , T2 , T3 , T4 ,...., the difference of
n  n  1
 ; if n is odd two consecutive terms T2  T1, T3  T2 ,T4  T3...
2
2 are in A.P or G.P then nth term of given series are
xi)  n  3   2 n 3
in the form of an 2  bn  c or a.r n  b where a,b,c
xii)The sum in the nth bracket of to be determined
n  n2  1 Some important points:
1   2  3   4  5  6   ... is i) The sum of cubes of three consecutive natural
2
numbers is always divisible by 9
n k 1
 1 2 ii) For all positive integral values of n , x n  y n is
xiii)  k  1    n
k 1  n divisible by x  y .
 The inequality
iii) For all positive integral values of n, x 2 n 1  y 2 n 1
i) 2n  n ! is true for all n  4
is divisible by x  y .
ii) 2n  2n  1 is true for all n  3
iv) For all positive integral values of n, x 2 n 1  y 2 n 1
iii) 2n   n  1 ! is true for all n  N
is divisible by x  y .
iv) 2n  3  2n  2 is true for all n  5 2 n 1
v) P n 1   P  1 is divisible by
1 1 1
W.E-2: Sum to n terms of    .... is P 2  P  1, n  2
1.4 4.7 7.10
1 1 1 1 1 1  vi) n p  n is divisible by P n  2 where P is
Sol: sn  1     ...   prime.
3 4 4 7 3n  2 3n  1 
1 1  n vii) n is any odd integer then n  n 2  1 is divisible
 1    by 24.
3  3n  1  3n  1
viii) The product of “n” consecutive natural numbers
 sin   sin      sin   2    ...  is always divisible by n!.
sin    n  1    If x,y,m are positive integers then x is said to be
congruent of y modulo m if x  y is divisible by m
 n  and is denoted by x  y  mod m 
sin  
 2   sin   n  1  

   2  C.U.Q
 
sin  
2 1. Mathematical Induction is the principle
containing the set
 cos   cos      cos   2   ...  1) R 2) N 3) Q 4) Z
 cos    n  1   2. Let P  n  be a statement and let


 2   cos    n  1  
sin n  P  n   P  n  1 n  N , then P  n  is true.
1) for all 'n' 2) for all n  1
2 
sin   

2 3. for all n  m, m being a fixed +ve integer
4. Nothing can be said

124 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL- I MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION

3. The statement P  n  n 4 n 3 11n 2 n

11.  n  N ,    is a
11!   2  2!   3  3!  ... 24 4 24 4
1) Rational Number2) Integer
...   n  n !   n  1! 1 is 3) Natural Number 4) Real Number
1) True for all n > 1 2) Not true for any n 3) True 12. Let P  n  : a n  b n such that a, b are even, then
for all n  N 4) True for all n > 10.
4. The smallest +ve integer n for which P  n  will be divisible by a  b if
n 1) n  1 2) n is odd
 n 1 
n!    holds is 3) n is even 4) n  2
 2  13. If p is a prime number, then n p  n is
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4
divisible by p when n is a
5. L e t S ( K )  1  3  5  ...  (2 K  1) = k 2  3 . 1) Natural number greater than 1
Then which of the following is true? 2) Irrational number
1) S (1) is correct 2) S ( K )  S ( K  1) 3) Complex number 4) Odd number
3) S ( K )  S ( K  1) 14. The greatest +ve integer which divides
4) P.OF.M.I can be used to prove the formula  n  1 n  2  .......  n  r  , for all n  N is
6. For every natural number n, n  n  1 is 1)  r  1 ! 2) r ! 3) r 4) r-1
always C.U.Q-KEY
1) even 2) odd 3) multiple of 3 4) multiple of 4
01) 2 02) 4 03) 3 04) 2 05) 2 06) 1 07) 4
7. Let P  n  denote the statement that n 2  n is 08) 1 09) 3 10) 2 11) 3 12) 2 13) 1 14) 2
odd. It is seen that P  n  P  n 1 , P  n is C.U.Q-HINTS
1. By the definition of P.OF.M.I
true for all
2. By the definition of P.OF.M.I
1) n > 1 2) n 3) n > 2 4) no value of n
3. When n 1, LHS
. . . 1.1!, RH
. .S  2!1!
8. n  n  1 2n  1 : n  Z   when n  2, LH
. .S. 1.1! 2.2!, RH
. .S  3!1
1) 6k : k  Z  2) 12k : k  Z 
Hence P  n  is true n  N
3) 18k : k  Z  4) 24k : k  Z  4. By Verification
5. By verification
9. If a n  7  7  7  ... having ‘n’ 6. The product of 2 consecutive numbers is always
radical signs then by methods of even.
mathematical induction which is true 7. It is obvious.
8. Put n = 1,2 and verify the options.
1) an  7, n  1 2) an  2, n  1
9. a1  7  7 ; Let am  7 .Then am 1  7  am
3) an  7, n  1 4) an  13, n  1
a 2 m1  7  am  7  7  14
10. If a  0, x  0 , then
1 1 am 1  14  7 ; So an  7, n
  ... 10. By verification
a  ax a  x  a  2x
11. Put n = 1, n = 2 and verify the options.
1
  12. P  n   a n  b nn  N
a  n  1 x  a  nx
put n  1 ,  P 1  a  b which is divisible by a
a  nx  a a  nx  a
1) 2) +b
x x
x x put n  2 ,  P  2   a 2  b 2 not divisible by
3) 4) a  b , put n = 3
a  nx  a a  nx  a

PINEGROVE 125
 MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL- I

3 3 2

 P  3  a  b   a  b  a  ab  b
2
 9. 2+7+14+......+ (n2 + 2n - 1) =
which is divisible by a  b . n(2n 2  9n  1) 2n 2  9n  1
1) 2)
With the help of induction we conclude that P  n  6 6
will be divisible by a  b if n is odd. 2n 2  9n  1 2n 2  9n  1
3) 4)
13. put n  4 and P  2 . 12 24
14. Product of r successive integers is divisible by r ! n  1n  nn  1 
10. 1+3+6+10+ ........+
2 2
EXERCISE-I (C.W) n n  1n  2  n  1n  2 
1) 2)
3 6
PRINCIPLE OF MATHEMATICAL
INDUCTION nn  1n  2 n  2 n  12
3) 4)
1. A student was asked to prove a statement by 6 3
induction. He proved (i) P(5) is true and (ii) 11. 3.6+6.9+9.12+.......+ 3n (3n+3) =
truth of P(n)=> truth of P(n+1), n  N . On the n(n  1)(n  2)
basis of this, he could conclude that P(n) is true 1) 2) 3n (n+1) (n+2)
3
1) for no n  N 2) for all n  5, n  N
(n 1)(n  2)(n  3) ( n  1)(n  2)(n  4)
3) for all n  N 4) for all n  1, n  N 3) 4)
3 4
2. If P  n  be the statement n  n  1  1 is an 12. 1.6+2.9+3.12+.......+ n(3n+3) =
integer, then which of the following is even 1) n(n  1)( n  2) 2) (n  1)( n  2)(n  3)
1) P  2  2) P  3 3) P  4  4) None of the above 3) (n  2)( n  3)(n  4) 4) (n  1) n(n  1)
3. n > 1, n even  digit in the units place of
22 n  1 13. 13+12 + 1+23 + 22 + 2+33 + 32 + 3 + .... 3n
1) 5 2) 7 3) 6 4) 1 terms =
4.
n
log  x   n.log x is true for n . n(n  1)(n 2  12n  5) n(n  1)(3n 2  7n  8)
1) 2)
1) n  N 2) n  Z 3) n is positive odd integer 12 12
4) n is positive even integer n(n 1)(n  2)(n2  5n  6) (n 1)(n  2)(n  3)
3) 4)
INEQUALITIES 12 4
2 1 1 1
5.  n !  n n is true for 14.    ......(n-3) terms
1. 3 3. 5 5. 7
1) n  N 2) n  1, n  N
n n 1 n3 n 1
3) n  2, n  N 4) n  Z 1) 2) 3) 4)
n2 nn  5 2n  5 n(2n  3)
1 1 1 1 15. 1+3+7+15....n terms =
6. Let P  n  :1    .....  2  2  is true
4 9 n n 1) 2n1  n  2 2) n2  n  2
for
3) 2n  n2  2 4) n 2  2
1) n  N 2) n  1 3) n  1, n  N 4) n  2
16. 2.4+4.7+6.10+.......(n-1) terms =
SUMMATION OF SERIES
n 3  3n 2  1
7. 3 3 3 3
1  2  3  4  .....  9 3 1) 2n3 - 2n2 2) 3) 2n 3  2n 4) 2n3-n2
6
1) 425 2) -425 3) 475 4) -475
17. 12  32  52  ......... upto n terms 
1 1 1
8.    ..... n terms  n  2n  1 2n  1 n  2n  1 2n  1
2.5 5.8 8.11 1) 2)
6 3
n n n 1
1) 2) 3) 4) n  n  1 2n  1 n  n  1 2n  1
6n  4 3n  2 4n  6 2(2n  3) 3) 4)
12 6

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 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL- I MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION

18. Sum to n terms of the series 4. By Verification

5. By Verification

1  1  x   1  x  x 2   1  x  x2  x3   ... 6. For n  1 , L.H.S. of P 1  1

n


x 1  xn  n


x 1  xn  R.H.S. of P 1  2  1  1 , L.H.S. = R.H.S.
1) 2)
1  x 1  x  2 1  x 1  x  2
 1 can not be < 1  P 1 is not true.

n


x 1  xn  n


x 1  xn  as L.H.S. of P 1  1  1 false 
3) 4)
1  x 1  x 2 1  x 1  x 2 again n  2

19. If a, b and n are natural numbers then L.H.S. of P  2   1  1/ 4  5 / 4

a 2n 1  b 2n 1 is divisible by R.H.S. of P  2   2  1/ 2  3/ 2  6 / 4
1) a  b 2) a3  b3 3) a  b 4) a 2  b 2
 L.H.S. P  2  < R.H.S. of P  2 
20. The number an  6  5n for n
 P  2  is true
n  1, 2,3,....... when divided by 25
9
leave the remainder
1) 9 2) 7 3) 3 4) 1 7.  n3  2  23  43  63  83 
n1
DIVISIBILITY 8. Put n = 2 and verify the options.
21. If ‘a’ and ‘b’ are natural numbers such that 9. Put n = 2 and verify the options.
a 2  b 2 is prime number then a 2  b 2 equals 10. Put n = 2 and verify the options
1) a  b 2) a  b 3) ab 4) 1 11. Put n = 2 and verify the options.
22. n  N , n 2 (n4  1) is divisible by 12. Put n = 2 and verify the options.
13. Put n = 2 and verify the options.
1) 60 2) 120 3) 45 4) 90
23. n  N , 49 n  16n  1 is divisible by 1 1
14. Put n – 3 = 1, S  
1) 64 2) 49 3) 132 4) 32 1.3 3
15. Put n = 2 and verify the options.
24. n  N ,7 2n  3n1.23n3 is divisible by
16. Put n = 2 and verify the options.
1) 50 2) 25 3) 2425 4) 2550
17. Put n  2 and verify the options
25. For all integers n  1, which of the following is
divisible by 9? 1  x 1  x 2 1  x3 1  xn
1) 8n  1 2) 4n  3n  1 18.    ...... 
1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x
3) 32 n  3n  1 4) 10n  1 19. Put n  2 and verify the options
EXERCISE-I (C.W)-KEY 20. Put n  2 and verify the options
01) 2 02) 4 03) 2 04) 3 05) 3 06) 3 07) 1
08) 1 09) 1 10) 3 11) 2 12) 1 13) 2 14) 3 21. We know that a 2  b 2   a  b  a  b  given
15) 1 16) 1 17) 2 18) 1 19) 3 20) 4 21) 1
22) 1 23) 1 24) 2 25) 2 a 2  b 2 is a prime  a 2  b 2 is either divisible by
1 or the number itself
EXERCISE-I (C.W)-HINTS
1. By Verification  a 2  b 2  a  b ( a  b  1 & a  b  1
as a, b  N )
2. P  n   n  n  1  1 , P  2   6  1  7
22. Put n = 2 and verify the options.
P  3  3  4  1  13 , P  4   4  5  1  21 23. Put n = 1 and verify the options.
None of the above is even 24. Put n =1, 2 and verify the options.
3. Put n = 2, 24  1  17 . 25. Using substitution verify the options

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 MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL- I

EXERCISE - I (H.W) 1)  n  1 2n 1 2) n 2 n  1
SUMMATION OF SERIES
3n 2  3n  2 3) n 2 n 4)  n  1 2n
1. 1+4+10+19+.........+ 
2 11. If 1  5  12  22  35  ......  to n t e r m s

1)

n2 n2  1  2)
 
n n2  1 n   n  1
2 2  then nth term of L.H.S is
2
2
n 2 n  1  nn  1  n  4n  1 n  3n  1
3) 4)  
2  2  1) 2)
3 2
2. 1.3+3.5+5.7+........+ (2n-1) (2n +1) =
n  3n  1 n  4n  1
n(4n 2  6n  1) n(3n 2  5n  1) 3) 4)
1) 2) 2 3
3 3
n(5n 2  7 n  1) n(7n 2  5n  1) 12. 2.4  4.7  6.10  ..... upto  n  1 terms =
3) 4)
3 3 1 3
3. 1.4+2.5+........+ n(n+3) = 1) 2n3  2n 2 2)
6
n  3n 2  1 
n(n  3)(n  5) n(n  1)(n  5) 3) 2n3  2n 4) 2n3  2n 2
1) 2)
9 3
n( n  5)(n  7) n( n  3)(n  9)
1 1 1
13.    ..... upto n terms =
3) 4) 4.7 7.10 10.13
6 12
4. 2+3+5+6+8+9+ ........2n terms = n n
1) 3n2+2n 2) 4n2+2n 3) 4n2 4) 5n2+2n 1) 4 4n  3 2) 4 6n  1
5.
   
nth term of the series 4+14+30+52+ ........=
1) 5n - 1 2) 2n2 + 2n 3) 3n2+n 4) 2n2 +2 n n
6. 2.3+3.4+4.5+............n terms = 3) 4 3n  4 4) 4 3n  4
   
1)

n n 2  6n  11 
2)

n n 2  6n  14  DIVISIBILITY
6 9
14. Sum of the cubes of three successive natural
3)

n n 2  6n  11 4)

n n 2  6n  17 number is divisible by
3 12 1) 9 2) 27 3) 54 4) 99
7. The nth term of the series 3+7 + 13 +21 +.. is 15. n ,32n  7 is divisible by
1) 4n - 1 2) n2 + 2n 3) n2 + n+ 1 4) n2 + 2 1) 8 2) 16 3) 24 4) 64
8. The value of
16. n  , 7.52n  12.6n is divisible by
1.2.3  2.3.4  3.4.5  ...  n terms is
1) 13 2) 19 3) 247 4) 26
n  n  1 n  2  n  3 n  n  1 n  2  n  3 17. For every natural number n, 32 n  2  8n  9 is
1) 2)
12 3 divisible by
n  n  1 n  2  n  3  n  2  n  3 n  4  1) 16 2) 128 3) 256 4) 512
3) 4)
4
9. 3.6+4.7+5.8+......+ (n-2) terms =
6  2n

18. For every integer n  1, 3  1 is divisible
by
3 2
2n  12n  10n  84 1) 2n 2 2) 2n1 3) 2n3 4) 2n
1) n3 + n2 + n+2 2)
6 19. Use mathematical induction, to find
3) 2n  12n  10n  84 4) 2n  12n  10n  84
3 2 3 2
41n  14n is a multiple of
10. 2 upto n terms = 1) 2, 8 2) 27 3) 26 4) 14
2  3.2  4.2  .......

128 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL- I MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION

EXERCISE - I (H.W) - KEY  n 

2
1
01) 2 02) 1 03) 2 04) 1 05) 3 06) 3 07) 3
08) 3 09) 2 10) 3 11) 2 12) 4 13) 3 14) 1
2. If a k  k k  1
for k = 1,2,3,... n, then  ak  
 k1 

15) 1 16) 2 17) 1 18) 1 19) 2 n2 n4 n6
n
1) 2)
EXERCISE - I (H.W) - HINTS n 1 n  12 3) n  14 4) n  16
1. Put n = 2 and verify the options.

2. Put n = 2 and verify the options. n
x n 1 
3. Put n = 2 and verify the options. 3.  (1)
n 0
4. Put n = 1 and verify the options.
L.H.S = 2 + 3 xn x x xn
1) 2) 3) 4)
2
R.H.S= 3 1  2 1  5 2(1  x ) 1 x x 1 x 1
5. Given T2 = 14 4. cos  cos 2  cos 3  ....  cos  n  1 
Put n = 2 and verify the options.  cos n =
6. Put n = 2 and verify the options.
7. Put n = 3 and verify the options. 1   n 
cos   n  1  .sin  
8. By verification 2   2  cos  n  1
9. Put n = 3 and verify the options. 1) 2)
   
10. Put n  2 and verify the options sin   sin  
2 2
11. Put n  2 verify the options
12. Put n  1  2 and verify the options   n  1   n 
cos   sin  
3)  2   2 
1 1 1 1 1 1 1  
13.      ......   sin
3  4 7 7 10 3n  1 3n  4  2
n  n 
 sin   .cos  n  1 
4  3n  4  4)  2 
 
14. 13  23  33  36 divisible by 9. sin  
2
15. Put n = 1, 32 + 7 = 16 5. If ‘n’ is a positive integer, then
Put n = 2, 34 + 7 = 88 , G.C.D. of 16 & 88 = 8
16. Put n = 1, 7.52 + 12.6 = 247 n.1   n  1 .2   n  2  .3  ...  1.n 
Put n = 2, 7.54 + 12.62 = 4807 nn  1 nn  1n  2 
G.C.D. of 247 & 4807 = 19 1) 2)
2 6
17. 32 n  2  8n  9,  n  N
n  1n  2 nn  12n  1
3) 4)
put n  2 , f  2   704, divisible by 16 2 6

18. Let P  n   32  1
n 6. 12  (12  2 2 )  (12  2 2  32 ) + ....+ n
brackets =
1
P 1  32  1  8  1.8 is divisible by 23 . n(n  1) 2 (n  2) 2 n(n  1) 2 (n  2)
2 1) 2)
P  2   32  1  80  5.24 is divisible by 24 . 12 12
19. Verification n 2 (n  1)(n  2) ( n  1)
3) 4)
12 2
EXERCISE - II - (C.W.) 1 2 2 3 3 4
. . .
7. 2 2 2 2  2 2  ...... n terms
Finite Mathematical Induction, 13 13  23 13  23  33
Summation of Series:
n2 n3 n 1
1. If 2 3  4 3  6 3  .....  2n 3  Kn 2 n  12 then k = 1) n  1 2 2) n  1 3 3) 4)
1) 1/2 2) 1 3) 3/2 4) 2     n 1 n 1

PINEGROVE 129
 MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL- I

n
|
n 16. n  N ,
8. If tn   n, then t n   tn 
1 1 1) |sin (nx)| < |sin x | 2) | sin (nx) | < n | sin
n  n  1 n  n  3 x|
1) 2) 3) | sin (nx) |  n | sin x | 4) sin (nx)  sin n
2 2 EXERCISE - II (C.W)-KEY
n  n  1 n  2  n  n  4 01) 4 02) 2 03) 2 04) 1 05) 2 06) 2
3) 4) 07) 3 08) 3 09) 3 10) 3 11) 3 12) 1
6 3
13) 1 14) 2 15) 3 16) 3
9. Let the statement m  100 , the statement
2

EXERCISE - II (C.W)-HINTS
P  k  1 will be true if
1) P 1 is true 2) P  2  is true
1.  
2 3 13  2 3  33  ...  n 3  kn 2  n  12
2. Put n = 1 and verify the options.
3) P  k  is true 4) none of these 1
3. x1 x  x2  x3.......  x1 x
n
4. Put n = 1 and verify the options.
10. For any integer n  1, then k  k  2  is 5. Put n = 2 and verify the options.
k 1 6. Put n = 2 and verify the options.
equal to [Eam-2008] 7. Put n = 2 and verify the options.
n  n  1 n  2  n  n  1 2n  1 n 1 2
1) 2) 8.  tn    n   n 
6 6 1 2
n  n  1 2n  7  n  n  1 2n  9  9. P  r  is true
3) 4)
6 6  r 2  100  r 2  2r  1  100  2r  1
2
1 1 1   r  1  100  P  k  1 is true. P  k  1
11. 1  1  2   1  2  3  1  2  3  ...
2 3 4
upto 20 terms is is true when every P  k  is so.
1) 110 2) 111 3) 115 4) 116 10. Put n  2 and verify the options
1 1 1 kn 1 1 n  n  1 n  1
12. If    ......n terms  11. tn  1  2  3  ...  n   
2 4 4 6 68 n 1 n n 2 2
then k  [Eam-2012]
1) 1/4 2) 1/2 3)1 4) 1/8  n 1 1 n n 1 n n

Now find     Sn
1  2  2 2 2
DIVISIBILITY
now put n  20
13. The greatest positive integer which divides
n  n  1 n  2 ....... n  r 1 , n  N is kn  1 1 1 
12.     ...n terms 
n  1  2.4 4.6 6.8 
1) r ! 2)  r  1 ! 3) n  r 4) n  r  1
1 42 64 86 1 
14. If 10 n  3.4 n  x is divisible by 9 for all      ...  
2  2.4 4.6 6.8 2n 2n  2  
n N ,then least positive value of ‘x’ is
1) 1 2) 5 3) 14 4) 23 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 
        ...  
INEQUALITES 2 2 4 4 6 6 8 2 n 2 n  2 
15. If n  1 then 1 1 1  n 1
    k 
 2 n ! 4n  2 n  ! 4n 2  2 2  n  1   4  n  1 4
1) n ! 2  2 n  1 2) n ! 2  2n  1 13. Let P  n   n  n  1 n  2  ...  n  r  1
   
 2 n ! 4n   n  0  n  1 n  2  ....  n   r  1 
3)  n ! 2  2n  1 4) none = Product of r consecutive integers

130 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL- I MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION

14. n = 1  10  3.4  x  9m  x  5 n n
1 1
 2n !  24  6, 4n  8 9. If  tr  n  n  1 n  2 then 
r 1
12 t
r 1 r
15. If n2 t hen 2
 n ! 4 2n  1 3
2n 4n 3n 3n
 2n  !  4 n 1) 2) 3) 4)
 n 1 n 1 n2 n 1
2
 n ! 2n  1 10. 1  1  3   1  3  5   ... n brackets =
16. sin nx  1  n sin x n  n  1 n  2 
1)
6
EXERCISE - II (H.W.)
1. 3 3 3
4  5  6  .....  10  3
2)

n  n  1 3n 2  23n  46 
1) 1905 2) 2358 3) 2447 4) 2989 12
2.  n  n   n 
3 2 2
if 
n 27 n3  90n 2  45n  50 
3)
1) n = 3 2) n = 1 3) n 2  3 4) n= -1 4
n k 1
 1 n  n  1 2n  1
3.  k 1  
k 1 
n
= 4)
6
1) nn  1 2) nn  1 3) n 2 4) n  12 1 1 2 1 2  3
11.    ..... upto n
4. Sum of nth bracket of 13 13  23 13  23  33
(1) + (2+3+4)+(5+6+7+8+9) +........ is terms =
1) (n  1)3  n 3 2) (n  1)3  8n 2 n n 2n 2
n  1n  2  n  3n  2  1) 2) 2 n  1 3) 4) n n  1
3) 4)
n 1   n 1  
6 12 DIVISIBILITY
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 2 1 2 3
5.    .....  n terms = 12. n ,52n 2  24n  25 is divisible by
1 1 2 1 2  3 1) 576 2) 25 3) 24 4) 50
n(n  3) n(n  3) n( n  2) n( n  5) 2 n 1
1) 2) 3) 4) 13. The remainder left out when 8 2 n   62  is
4 5 3 6
divided by 9 is
5
13  23  .....  k 3 1) 2 2) 7 3) 8 4) 0
6. 
k 1 1  3  5  ......   2 k  1

INEQUALITES
1) 22.5 2) 24.5 3) 28.5 4) 32.5
 2n  !
7. S n  13  23  33  ........  n3 and 14. 22 n n ! 2 
 
Tn  1  2  3  4.......n [Eam-2007]
1 1 1 1
3
1) S n  Tn 2) S n  Tn2 3) S n  Tn 4) S n  Tn 2 3 1) 2) 3) 4)
3n  1 3n  2 3n  4 3n  5
8. A = sum of first 10 natural numbers, 15. If n  1 then
B = sum of squares of first 10 n n
natural numbers,C = sum of cubes of first 10  n 1   n 1 
natural numbers,D = sum of first 10 even 1) n !    2) n !   
 2   2 
natural numbers, then increasing order of n
A,B,C,D  n 1
1) A,B,C,D 2) A,C,D,B 3) n !    4) none
 2 
3) A,B,D,C 4) A,D,B,C

PINEGROVE 131
 MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL- I

EXERCISE-II (H.W) KEY EXERCISE - III

01) 4 02) 2 03) 3 04) 1 05) 3 06) 1 07) 3
1.2 2  2.32  3.4 2  ....  n(n  1) 2
8) 4 9) 2 10) 4 11) 3 12) 1 13) 1 14) 1 15) 2 1. 
12.2  2 2.3  32.4  ....  n 2 (n  1)
EXERCISE-II (H.W) HINTS
3n  1 3n  5 3n  5
10 3 1) 2) 3) (3n  1)(3n  5) 4)
1. n r 3 3 3n  5 3n  1 3n  7
n 1 r 1
2. If P  n   1  2  3  .....  n is a perfect square
2. Put n = 1 and verify the options.
3. By verification. N 2 and N is less than 100, then possible
4. Put n = 2 and verify the options. values of n are
5. Put n = 2 and verify the options. 1) only 1 2) 1 & 8 3) only 8 4) 1, 8, 49
3. For any n  N , the value of the expression
5
 k 2 ( k  1) 2  5  (k  1)2 
6.  
k 1 
  
4k 2  k 1  4 

2  2  2  ...ntimes is
7. Put n = 2 and verify the options.
     
8. A   n , B   n , C   n , D   2n
2 3 1) 2 cos  n 1  2) 2sin  n 1 
2  2 
r r 1 3) 2 cos  2 n 1  4) 2Cos  2 n  
9. tr   tk   tk  1 r  r  1 r  2  
12 4. 7  77  777  ......  (777......7 n times) =
k 1 k 1
7 7
1
 r  1 r  r  1 
r  r  1 1)
81
10n 1  9n  10  2)
81
10n  9n  10 
12 4
7 7
3) 10  9n  10  4) 10n1  9n  10 
n 1
n  2 81 81
11. tn 
 n2 n  n  1 5. n  N , 1  2 x  3 x 2  ....  n.x n 1 
12. Put n = 1 and verify the options. ( x  R, x  1 )
13. Using modulo arithmetic 1   n  1  x n  n . x n 1  n  1 x n
8  1  modulo 9  also 62   1  modulo 9  1) 2 2) 1  x 2
1  x   
2 n 1 2n 2 n 1
 82 n   62    1   1  mod 9 1   n  1  x n  n .x n 1  n  1 x n
  3) 2 4) 1  x  2
1  x 
 1  1 mod 9  2 mod 9  Remainder = 2
4n 2  3n
 2n  ! 2 1 6. If the sum to ‘n’ terms of an A.P. is ,
  , 4
14. If n  1 then n 2
2  n ! 4 2 then the nth term of the A.P. is
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5n  1 8n  7 3n 2  2 7n  8
  ,  ,  1) 2) 3) 4)
3n  1 4 2 3n  2 5 3n  4 7 4 4 4 4
1 1   1 1 1 
1 1   2n  !  1 7. 1    2    3  4  5   ...
3 3  3 3 3 
sum of the
 , 2 2n n ! 2
3n  5 8   3n  1 terms in the nth bracket =
3
 n 1   3  9
n 3

1)
3 n
 1
2)
3n  1
3)
3n  1
4)
3n 1
15. If n  2 then n !  2,      2.3
n 1 n  2  / 2
 2  2 4 2.4 n1 3.7 n1 2 n 1
n
 n 1 
n
8 1  x   nx  1 is divisible by (where n  N )
 n!   
 2  1) 2x 2) x 2 3) 2x 3 4) all of these

132 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL- I MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION

9. For apositive integer (n >1), 16. For all positive integers n  1 ,

1 1 1 1
Let a  n   1    ......  n
2 3 4  2   1 .Then
x  x n 1

 n.a n 1   a n  n  1 is divisible by
2
1)  x  a  2) x  a 3) 2  x  a  4) x  a
1) a 100   100 2) a 100   100
17.  n  N, x R,
3) a  20   100 4) a  200   100
 x   x 
10. The sum of the first ‘n’ terms of the series tan 1  2
 tan 1  2  +..........+
1.2  x   2. 3  x 
12  2.22  32  2.42  52  2.6 2  ..... is
 x 
n(n  1)2 tan 1  2=
when n is even. When n is odd the sum is  n(n  1)  x 
2
2 x
1   1   x 1   x
1) tan  n   tan  n  1 2) tan x   tan  n  1
1
3n( n  1) n 2 (n  1) n(n  1)2  n(n  1) 
1) 2) 3) 4)        
2 2 4  2 
3) tan n  1  tan x 
1 1 -1
4) tan [x]
1 1 1
11. If H n  1    ....  , n  N , 1  1   1 
2 3 n 18. Tan  2 
 Tan 1  2 
then H1  H 2  H 3  ....  H n   111  1 2  2 
 1 
1)  n 1 Hn n 2)  n 1 Hn  n  ....  Tan 1  2 =
 1 n  n 
3)  n1 Hn 4)  n1 Hn n
1 
1  2  3  .....  n 1) Tan 1  n  1   2) Tan  n  1 
12. S n  then 4
n 
1
S12  S22  S32  .....  S n2  3) Tan 1  n  1 4) Tan  n  1 
4
n 1 1  x 1 x 1  x 
1)
24
 2n 2  9n  13 2)
24
 2n 2  9n  13
19. tan     tan   ...  n tan  n  
2  2 4 4 2 2 
2
n n
3)
24
 2n 2  9n  13 4)
24
 2n 2  9n  13
1)
1
n
 x 
cot  n  2)
1
n
 x 
cot  n   cot x
2 2  2 2 
1
13. If tn   n  2  n  3 for n = 1, 2, 3... 1  x   x 
4 3) n
cot  n   cot x 4) cot  n   cot x
2 2  2 
1 1 1 1
then t  t  t  ........  t  20. Sum of first ‘n’ terms of the series
1 2 3 2003
3 5 9 17
4006 4003 4006 4006     ...
1) 2) 3) 4) 2 4 8 16
3006 3007 3008 3009 1) n  1  2  n 2) n  1  2  n
14. The value of the sum in the 50th bracket of
1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10  .... is 3) n  1  2 n 4) n  1  2 n
1) 62525 2) 65225 3) 56255 4) 55625 21. If n is even, then the sum of first ‘n’ terms of
the series
x x x  a1 
15. 1  a  a1 a 2
 ........ 1  2.22  32  2.42  52  2.62  ...... is
2
1
2 2
xx  a1  x  a 2 ........ x  a n1  n  n  1 n  n  1
 = 1) 2)
a1 a 2 ......a n 3 4
x  a1 x  a 2 ........x  a n  x  a1 x  a 2 ........x  a n  2
1) a1 a 2 .......a n 2) a1 a 2 .......a n n  n  1 n 2  n  1
3) 4)
3) x  a1 x  a 2 ........x  a n  2 2
4) x  a1  x  a 2 ........x  a n 

PINEGROVE 133
 MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL- I

1 1 1 27. Sum of the series

22. If H n  1    .....  , then the value of S  12  22  32  42  ....  20022  20032 is
2 3 n
1) 2007006 2)1005004
3 5 2n  1 3) 2000506 4) none
1    .....  is
2 3 n 28. The positive integer ‘n’ for which
1) H n  n 2) 2n  H n 2  22  3  23  4  2 4  ...  n  2n  2n 10 is
1) 510 2) 511 3) 512 4) 513
3) n  1  H n 4) H n  2n
2n 1
23. If S1  2 , S 2  3, 6 , S3  4,8,16 , k 1 2
29.   1 k 
S 4  5,10, 20, 40 ,....... then the sum of k 1

numbers in the set S15 is 1)  n  1 2n  1 2)  n  1 2n  1

3)  n  1 2n  1 4)  n  1 2n  1
1) 5  215  2) 16  215  1
DIVISIBILITY
3) 16  216  1 4) 15  215  1
30. Let P  n   5n  2n , P  n  is divisible by 3
24. The sum of first ‘n’ terms of the series
where  and n both are odd positive integers
12  1 2   32   3 4   52   5  6   7 2  ....
then the least value of ‘n’ and  will be
when n is odd is 1) 13 2) 11 3) 1 4) 5
1 31. The least remainder when 1730 is divided by 5
1)  n  1  4n 2  n  3
12 is
1 1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4
2) n  4n2  3n  4  32. When 2 is divided by 5, the least +ve
301
12
remainder is
1 1) 4 2) 8 3) 2 4) 6
3)  n  1  4 n 2  n  5 
6 33. The remainder when 5 is divided by 13 is
99

1 1) 6 2) 8 3) 9 4) 10
4)  n   4n 2  5n  6  EXERCISE - III-KEY
6
01) 2 02) 4 03) 1 04) 1 05) 1 06) 2 07) 2
25. The sets S1 , S 2 , S3 ,.... are given by
08) 2 09) 1 10) 2 11) 1 12) 1 13) 4 14) 1
2 3 5 15) 1 16) 1 17) 2 18) 4 19) 3 20) 3 21) 3
S1    , S 2   ,  , 22) 2 23) 2 24) 1 25) 4 26) 1 27) 1 28) 4
1  2 2 29) 1 30) 3 31) 4 32) 3 33) 2
 4 7 10   5 9 13 17  EXERCISE - III-HINTS
S3   , ,  , S4   , , ,  , ...
3 3 3  4 4 4 4  1. Put n = 2 and verify the options.
then the sum of the numbers in the set S 25 is 2. By Observation
3. By Verification
1) 322 2) 324 3) 325 4) 326 4. Put n = 1 and verify the options.
3 4 4 5 6 5. Put n = 2 and verify the options.
26. If S1  2 , S2   ,  , S3   , ,  , 6. tn  S n  Sn 1
2 2 4 4 4
7. By Verification
5 6 7 8 
S 4   , , ,  ,.... then the sum of 8. Put n  2, and x  3
8 8 8 8 
not divisible by 6, 54 but divisible by 9.
numbers in S 20 is n
9.  a  n  n
1220 1563 1445 1576 2
1) 2) 3) 4) 10. By verification
220 29  1 218 221
11. By Verification

134 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL- I MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION

12. Put n = 2 and verify the options. n.2 n  2  2 n 10   2.23  3.2 4  ... 
9 13
S 12  S 2 2  1  
4 4  n 1 .2n  n.2n1
1 4  1 1  substracting, weget
13. t  ( n  2 )( n  3)  4  ( n  2 )  ( n  3) 
n   2n 10  2.22  23  2 4  ....  2n  n.2n 1  8
14. First term of 50th bracket 8  2n  2  1
= (1+2+3+ ....+49)+1 = 1226   n.2 n 1
15. Put n = 1 and verify the options. 2 1
16. Put n = 2 and verify the options.  8  2n 1  8  n.2 n 1  2n 1   n  2n 1
17. Put n = 1 and verify the options.
1  210  2n  2  n  513
1  
18. tan  1  n  n 2   tan  n  1  tan  n 
1 1

  29. 12  22  32  42  52  62  ......   2n  12

 1  1  1 
tan 1  2   tan  2  = 12  22  32  ......   2n  12
1 1 1  1 2  2 
1 2

    tan  1 

2 
2  22  42  .....   2n  
 1  n  n   
1   2n  1 2n  2  4n  3
 tan 1  n  1  tan 1 1  tan  n  1  =
4 6
19. Put n = 1 and verify the options.
20. Put n = 2 and verify the options. 8.n  n  1 2n  1
21. By verification    n  1 2n  1
6
 1   1
22.  2  1    2  2    2    .....
3
30. P  n   5n  2n
 1 1 1 
 2 n   1     .....   2n  H n  1 ,  P 1  3  3   1
 2 3 4  n
Similarly n  5 ,  P  5   5  25 5

23. Tn   n  1  2 n  1 = 3125 - 32 = 3093 = 3  1031

24. Put n  3 and verify In this case   1031
Similarly we can check the result for other cases
 26 51 
25. S 25   , ....25 terms  and find that the least value of  and n is 1.
 25 25 
31. 17  2  mod 5 
2 3
26. Ist term in S1  S  1,
0 ,Ist term in 2
2 2 175  25  mod 5   2  mod 5 
4 21 6
 17 5   2 6  mod 5   17 
30
 4  mod 5 
Ist term in S3  2 , Ist term in S 20  19
2 2 75 75
20  21 1  32. 24  1 mod 5   2 4   1  mod 5 i.e ,
Sum in S 20  2  2  219   20  1 219 
  2300  1 mod 5   2300  2  1.2  mod 5 
27. We can write S as
S  1  2 1  2    3  4  3  4   ...   2301  2  mod 5   Least +ve remainder is 2.
49 49 49
 2001  2002  2001  2002   2003 2 33. 599   5   52   5  25   5  26  1
 1  2  3  4  ...  2002   5  26   positive term   5,
1 so when it is divided by 13 its gives the remainder
2003 2    2002  2003   2003 2  2007006
2 ‘ 5 ’ or 13  5  i.e, 8 .
28. We have 2n10  2.22  3.23  4.2 4  ... 

PINEGROVE 135
 MATRICES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS VOL-I

MATRICES
2 
SYNOPSIS 3 
Eg :   is a column matrix of order 3 1
6 
 Definition :A rectangular arrangement of num-
 Singleton matrix : If in a matrix there is only
bers (which may be real or complex numbers) in
one element then it is called singleton matrix.
rows and columns, is called a matrix. This arrange-
ment is enclosed by open ( ) or closed [ ] brackets. Thus, A   aij  mn is a singleton matrix, if
The numbers are called the elements of the matrix
m=n=1
or entries of the matrix.
 Order of Matrix : A matrix having ‘m’ rows Eg :  2 , 3 ,  a  ,  3 are singleton matrices.
and ‘n’ columns is called a matrix of order ‘ m  n ’  Null matrix (or) Zero matrix : If in a
or simply ‘ m  n ’ matrix (read as m by n matrix). matrix all the elements are zeros then it is called a
A matrix A of order ‘ m  n ’ is usually written in zero matrix and it is generally denoted by O. Thus
the following manner
A   aij  is a zero matrix if aij  0  i and j.
m n
 a11 a12 a13 ... ... a1 j ... ... a1n 
  0 0  0 0 0 
 a21 a22 a 23 ... ... a2 j ... ... a2 n 
Eg :  0 , are all zero
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...   0   0 0 0 
A 
 ai 1 ai 2 ai 3 ... ... aij ... ... ain  matrices, but of different orders.
  l  Rectangular matrix : In a matrix if the
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 
 am1 a m 2 am 3 ... ... amj ... ... amn 
number of rows is not equal to the number of
m n
columns then the matrix is called a rectangular ma-
In a compact form the above matrix is trix.
represented by 3 2 
5 0
A   aij  ,1  i  m,1  j  n (or ) A   aij  Eg :  
mn
7 1  32
The numbers a11 , a12 ,......, etc. are known as the  Square matrix : If number of rows and number
elements of the matrix A. The element aij in the of columns in a matrix are equal, then it is called a
square matrix.
matrix A belongs to i th row and j th column.
Note: A matrix of order ‘ m  n ’ contains  a11 a12 a13 
 a23 
mn elements. Every row of such a matrix contains Eg :  a21 a22 is a square matrix of
n elements and every column contains m  a31 a32 a33 
elements.
order 3 × 3.
3 1 5   Principal diagonal of a square
Eg : Order of matrix  6 2  7  is 2  3
  matrix : In a square matrix the diagonal from
 Types of matrices: first element of the first row to the last element of
Row matrix: A matrix is said to be a row the last row is called the principal diagonal of the
matrix if it has only one row and any number of square matrix.
columns.  a11 a12 a13 
Eg : 5 0 3 is a row matrix of order 1 3  a23 
Eg :  a21 a22
 Column matrix : A matrix is said to be a  a31 a32 a33 
column matirx if it has only one column and any
number of rows. then a11 , a 22 ,a 33 constitutes diagonal of A

136 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS VOL-I MATRICES

 Diagonal matrix : In a square matrix if all the
elements outside the principal diagonal are zeros,
the elements of principal diagonal may or may not
be zero, then the matrix is said to be diagonal ma-
trix.
2 0 0
 
Eg :  0 0 0  is a diagonal matrix of order
 0 0 4 
3  3 , which can be denoted by diag  2, 0, 4
Note: If A = diag( d1 , d 2 , d3 ...d n ) then
Upper triangular matrix: A square matrix
 aij  is called the upper triangular matrix,
if aij  0 when i  j .
3 1 2
 
Eg : 0 4 3  is an upper triangular matrix of
 0 0 6 
order 3 × 3.
Lower triangular matrix: A square matrix
 aij  is called the lower triangular matrix, if

An  diag  d1n , d 2 n , d3 n .....d n n  aij  0 when i  j .

 Identity matrix or Unit matrix : 1 0 0 
A square matrix in which each element in the  
principal diagonal is ‘1’ and rest are all zeros Eg :  2 3 0  is a lower triangular matrix of
is called an identity matrix or unit matrix. Thus, the  4 5 2 
order 3 × 3
square matrix A   aij  is an identity matrix,
 Trace of a matrix : The sum of diagonal el-
1, if i  j ements of a square matrix A is called the trace of
if aij   matrix A, which is denoted by tr ( A). Trace is also
0, if i  j
called as spur.
We denote the identity matrix of order n by I n . n

i.e., tr  A   aii  a11  a22  .....ann

1 0 0 i 1
1 0
Eg : I2   , I3  0 1 0 are identity matrices Properties of trace of a matrix :
0 1
0 0 1
Let A   aij  nn and B  bij  nn and  be a
of order 2 and 3 respectively.
 Scalar matrix : A square matrix whose all non scalar i) tr   A  tr  A
diagonal elements are zeros and diagonal ii) tr  A  B   tr  A  tr  B 
elements are equal is called a scalar matrix. Thus,
if A   aij  is a square matrix and iii) tr  AB   tr  BA

 ,if i  j iv) tr  I n   n v) tr  AB   tr  A .tr  B 

aij   , then A is a scalar matrix. vi) If A,B,C are square matrices of order n,
0, if i  j
then Tr (ABC) = Tr (BCA) = Tr (CAB)
5 0 0   Equality of matrices : Two matrices A and
3 0   B are said to be equal, if
Eg :  0 3  ,  0 5 0  i) A and B are of the same type (order)
 0 0 5 
ii) The corresponding elements of A and B
Unit matrix and null square matrices are also scalar are equal.
matrices.
a b c   2 0 1
 Triangular matrix : A square matrix  aij  is Eg : A    and B   
said to be triangular matrix if each element above d e f  1 3 5 
or below the principal diagonal is zero. It is of two are equal iff a = 2, b = 0, c = 1, d = -1,
types e = -3, f = 5

PINEGROVE 137
 MATRICES
 Addition of matrices : If A and B are two W.E-1: A matrix X has (a+b) rows and (a+2)
matrices of the same type, then their sum denoted
by A+B is defined to be the matrix of the same
type and is obtained by adding the corresponding
elements of A and B.
i.e., If A   aij  mn and B  bij  mn then
A  B  [Cij ]mn where Cij  aij  bij
 Properties :
i) A+B = B+A (commutative law)
ii) (A+B)+C = A+(B+C) (Associative law)
iii) A+O=O+A = A where O is zero matrix which
is called additive identity.
iv) A    A  O    A  A , where   A is
obtained by changing the sign of every element of
A, which is additive inverse of the matrix A.
 Difference of two matrices : If A and B
are two matrices of the same type then A-B is de-
fined as A+(-B)
Note: If two matrices A and B are of different orders,
we can not define A+B and A-B.
 Multiplication of a matrix by a
scalar: Let A   aij  mn be a matrix and k be a
number, then the matrix which is obtained by mul-
tiplying every element of A by k is called scalar
multiplication of A by k and it is denoted by kA.
Thus, if A   aij  mn , then kA  Ak   kaij  mn .
 Properties of scalar multiplication :
If A, B are matrices of the same order and  ,  are
any two scalars then
i)   A  B    A   B
ii)      A   A   A
iii)    A    A     A
iv)   A      A     A
 Multiplication of matrices : Two matri-
ces A and B are conformable for the product AB if
the number of columns in A is same as the
number of rows in B thus, if
A   aik mp , B  bkj  pn then
p
AB  Cij  where Cij   aik bkj
m n
k 1
138
JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS VOL-I
columns, while the matrix Y has (b+1) rows
and (a+3) columns. Both matrices XY and YX
exist. Find a and b.
Sol. Type of X is (a+b)  (a+2)
Type of Y is (b+1)  (a+3)
Since both XY, YXexist
 a+2=b+1 and a+b=a+3  a=2, b=3
order of X is 5  4, order of Y is 4  5
XY  YX
( order of XY is 5  5 and YX is 4  4)
 Properties of matrix multiplication :
If A,B and C are three matrices such that their
product is defined, then
i) AB  BA ,(Generally not commutative)
ii)  AB  C  A  BC  =ABC, (Associative law)
iii) IA  A  AI , where I is identitiy matrix for
matrix multiplication.
iv) A  B  C   AB  AC , (Distributive law)
v) (A + B).C = AC + BC, (Distributive law)
vi) If AB  O, then either A or B need not be equal
to O .
vii) If AB = AC then B need not be equal to C
even if A  O .
 Remember that if A and B are two square
matrices of the same order, then
2
i)  A  B   A2  B 2  AB  BA
2
ii)  A  B   A2  B 2  AB  BA
n m
iii) Am An  Am  n iv)  Am   Amn   An 
v) I n  I n  N
vi) If a square matrix, which is commutative with
every square matrix of the same order for
multiplication then it is necessarily a scalar matrix.
 Transpose of a matrix : The matrix
obtained from a given matrix A by changing its rows
into columns or columns into rows is called trans-
pose of matrix A and is denoted by AT or A'
From the definition it is obvious that if order ofA is
m  n , then order of AT is n  m
 Properties of transpose of a matrix :
T
Let A and B be two matrices then,  i   AT   A
T
ii)  A  B   AT  BT ,A and B being of the
same order
PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS VOL-I MATRICES

T b) AB-BA is a skew-symmetric matrix,

iii)  kA   kAT , k be any scalar
c) AB is a symmetric matrix, when AB=BA
T
iv)  AB   BT AT , A and B being conformable vi) If A, B two skew-symmetric matrices, then
a) A  B ,AB-BA are skew-symmetric
for the product AB matrices
T
v)  A1 A2 A3 .... An 1 An   AnT AnT1 .... A3T A2T A1T b) AB+BA is a symmetric matrix.
vii) a) If A is a skew-symmetric matrix and B is a
vi) A=B  AT  BT
 Symmetric matrix:A square matrix square matrix of order that of A then BT AB is
also skew-symmetric matrix.
A   aij  is called symmetric matrix if aij  a ji b) If A is a skew-symmetric matrix and C is a
 i, j i.e., AT  A column matrix, then C T AC is a zero matrix.
viii) Every square matrix A can be uniquely
a g h expressed as sum of a symmetric and skew-
 b f  symmetric matrices of same order
Eg :  h is a symmetric matrix ix) If A,B are symmetric matrices of same order
 g
f c 
and X  AB  BA , y  AB  BA then XY  YX  0
 Skew-Symmetric matrix :A square matrix
1 T  1 T 
A   aij  is called skew -symmetric matrix if   
i.e., A   A  A    A  A  .
2  2 

aij   a ji  i, j i.e., AT   A . Note: If a matrix A is both symmetric and
skew-symmetric then A is null matrix.
0 h g  Orthogonal matrix: A square matrix A is
 f 
Eg :  h 0 called orthogonal if AAT  I  AT A i.e.,
  g f 0  A1  AT
Note: i) All principal diagonal elements of a 1 2 2
skew-symmetric matrix are always zeros 1
W.E 2: If A   2 1 2  then A is__
ii) Trace of a skew-symmetric matrix is zero 3 
 2 2 1 
 Properties of symmetric and
Skew-symmetric matrices : 1 2 2 
i) If A is a square matrix, then 1
Sol: A  2 1 2
T

A  AT , AAT , AT A are symmetric matrices 3 

 2 2 1 
ii) If A is square matrix then A  AT is a
skew-symmetric matrix. 1 2 2  1 2 2  9 0 0 
1
iii) If A is a symmetric matrix, then 1 1
A. A   2 1 2  2 1 2
T
  0 9 0 
3 3 9 I
 A, KA, AT , An , A1 , BT AB are also symmetric  2 2 1   2 2 1   0 0 9 
matrices, where n  N , K  R and B is a square Similarly AT A  I A is Orthogonal matrix
matrix of order that of A  Properties of Orthogonal matrix :
iv) If A is a skew-symmetric matrix, then i) Every orthogonal matrix is non -singular.
a) A2n is symmetric matrix for n  N ii) Every orthogonal matrix is invertible.
b) A2n1 is a skew-symmetric matrix for n  N iii) If A is orthogonal, then AT and A1 are also
c) kA is also skew-symmetric matrix, where orthogonal.
k R iv) If A and B are orthogonal matrices of same or-
v) If A, B are two symmetric matrices, then der then AB and BA are also orthogonal.
v) The sum of the squares of elements of any row
a) A  B, AB  BA are also symmetric matrices,
or column of an orthogonal matrix is 1.

PINEGROVE 139
 MATRICES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS VOL-I

vi) The sum of the products of the corresponding

1  2i 2  3i 3  4i 
elements of any two rows or columns is 0  
vii) If A is an orthogonal matrix and B = AP (P- Eg: A   4  5i 5  6i 6  7i  then
non-singular matrix) then PB 1 is also orthogonal  8 7  8i 7 
matrix.
 Special types of matrices :  1  2i 2  3i 3  4i 
i) Idempotent matrix: A square matrix A is A   4  5i 5  6i 6  7i 
called an idempotent matrix if A2  A  8 7  8i 7 

 2 2 4 vi) Transposed conjugate of a matrix: The

 1 3 4  transpose of the conjugate of a matrix A is called
Eg : A =   is an idempotent matrix. transposed conjugate of A and is denoted by A
 1 2 3
or A* .The conjugate of the transpose of A is the
Properties : same as the transpose of the conjugate of A
i) If A, B are two idempotent matrices and AB = T
BA = O then A+B is idempotent matrix.  
i.e., AT   A   A .
ii) If A is idempotent matrix then I-A is alsoidem-
potent 1  2i 2  3i 3  4i 
iii) Every non-singular idempotent matrix is Eg : A   4  5i 5  6i 6  7i 
always unit matrix  8 7  8i 7 
iv) If AB=A , BA=B then A and B are
idempotent matrices and An  B n  A  B  1  2i 4  5i 8 
ii) Involutory matrix: A square matrix A is then A   2  3i

5  6i 7  8i 
2
called an involutory matrix if A  I  3  4i 6  7i 7 
0 1 vii) Hermitian matrix: A square matrix ‘A’ is
Eg : 1 0  is an involutory matrix.
  said to be Hermitian matrix if A  A
iii) Nilpotent matrix: A square matrix A is  3 3  4i 5  2i 
called a nilpotent matrix if there exists atleast  2  i 
one p  N such that Ap  O , where the least value
Eg :  3  4 i 5
 is Hermitian matrix.
 5  2 i 2  i 2 
p is called index of the nilpotent matrix A
Note: All the principal diagonal elements ofherimitian
1 1 3 matrix are real.
 6
Eg:A=  5 2
 is a nilpotent matrix of in- viii) Skew Hermitian matrix : A square
  2  1  3 matrix A is said to be a skew-Hermitian if A   A
dex 3.  3i  3  2i 1  i 
Note: Trace of a nilpotent matrix is zero.   2  4i 
iv) Periodic matrix: A matrix A is called a Eg :  3  2i  2i

 1  i 2  4i 0 
periodic matrix if Ak 1  A where k is a positive
integer. The least value of k is said to be period of is a skew-hermitian matrix.
A Note: All the principal diagonal elements of skew
v) Conjugate of a matrix: The matrix obtained hermitian matrix are either zero or purely imaginary.
from any given matrix A containing complex num- ix) Unitary matrix: A square matrix A is said
bers as its elements, on replacing its elements by to be unitary, if A A  I  AA
the corresponding conjugate complex numbers is The determinant of unitary matrix is one and it is
called conjugate of A and is denoted by A . non-singular.

140 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS VOL-I MATRICES

 Determinant of a square matrix : 2 2

a1 c1
The determinant of the square matrix Eg : B2  ( 1)  (a1c3  a3c1 )
a3 c3
a b1   Determinant of Third Order Matrix
A 1 is the unique
 a2 b2  The determinant of a square matrix is equal to the
sum of the products of the elements of a row (or
number a1b2  a2 b1 and is denoted by column) with their corresponding cofactors
a1 a2 a1 b1 c1
Det A  A   a1b2  a2b1 If   a 2 b2 c2   = a1 A1 + a2 A2 + a3A3
b1 b2
a3 b3 c3
 Minor of an element in a square = b1 B1 + b2 B2 + b3B3 = c1 C1 + c2 C2 + c3C3
matrix: Let A  aij  be a square matrix. The Properties of determinants:
i) The determinant of a square matrix changes its
minor of an element aij in A is the determinant of sign when any two rows (or columns) are inter-
the square matrix that remains after deleting the changed
th
ii) If two rows (columns) of a square matrix are
i th row and j column of A. It is denoted by M ij . identical or proportional then the value of the de-
 Cofactor of an element of a square terminant is zero.
iii) If all the elements of a row (column) of a square
matrix : The cofactor of an element in the i th row matrix are multiplied by a number K then the
th determinant of the resulting matrix is equal to K
and the j column of a matrix is defined as its times the determinant of the original matrix.
minor multiplied by (1)i  j . If Aij is the cofactor iv) If each element of a row (column) of a square
matrix is the sum of two terms then its determinant
of aij , then Aij  ( 1)i  j M ij can be expressed as the sum of two determinants
of two square matrices of the same order.
 a11 a12 a13 
 a1  x a2 a3 a1 a2 a3 x a2 a3
a 23 
Let A =  a 21 a 22
 b1  y b2 b3
 a 31 a 32 a33  = b1 b2 b3  y b2 b3
c1  z c2 c3 c1 c2 c3 z c2 c3
a11 a12 v) If the elements of a row (column) of a square
i) Minor of a23 is  M 23   a a32 matrix are added with K times the corresponding
31
elements of any other row (column) then the value
 a11a32  a31a12 of the determinant of the resulting matrix is unal-
tered
ii) Cofactor of a31 is
x1 y1 z1 x1  ky1 y1 z1
a a13
A31  (1)31 M 31   12 x2 y2 z2  x2  ky2 y2 z2
a22 a23
x3 y3 z3 x3  ky3 y3 z3
iii) The cofactors of a11 , a12 , a13..... are denoted vi) The sum of the products of the elements of any
row (column) of a squre matrix with the cofactors
by A11 , A12 , A13 ,.......
of the corresponding elements of any other row
 a1 b1 c1  (column) is zero.
a b2 c2  a1 b1 c1
iv) For the matrix  2  , the cofactor
 a3 b3 c3    a2 b2 c2  a A + b B + c C = 0
1 2 1 2 1 2
a3 b3 c3
 A1 B1 C1  a1 A3 + b1 B3 + c1 C3 = 0 a2 A1 + b2 B1 + c2 C1 = 0
 C2 
matrix is given by  A2 B2
 vii) If the elements of a square matrix are Polyno-
 A3 B3 C 3  mials in x and two rows (columns) become identi-

PINEGROVE 141
 MATRICES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS VOL-I

cal when x = a then x–a is a factor of its determi-

nant and if three rows are identical then (x–a)2 is a 1 1 p 1 p  q
factor 2 3 2p 4  3 p  2q
W.E-5: =
T
Note: i) A  A , AB  A B = B A 3 6  3 p 10  6 p  3q

ii) KA  K n A , n  order of A. 1 1 p 1 p  q

iii) If   aij is a determinant of order n, then the Sol.   2 3  2 p 4  3 p  2q

3 6  3 p 10  6 p  3q
value of the determinant Aij , where Aij is the co-
c2  c2  pc1 and c3  c3  qc1
factor of aij is, n1 .
iv) Determinant of nilpotent matrix is 0 1 1 1 q
v) Determinant of an orthogonal matrix = 1or -1  2 3 4 3p
vi) Determinant of a Skew - symmetric matrix of 3 6 10  6 p C 3  C 3  PC 2
odd order is 0.
vii) Determinant of Hermitian matrix is purely real. 1 1 1
viii) Determinant of triangular matrix is zero
W.E-3: In a square matrix, the elements of a col-   2 3 4  1
umn are 2, 5k+1, 3 and the cofactors of an- 3 6 10
other column are 1-5k, 2, 4k-2. Then find k
Sol. The sum of the products of the elements of any 1 x x 1
column of a square matrix with the cofactors of the W.E- 6. If f ( x )  2x x( x  1) x( x  1)
corresponding elements of any other column is 3 x ( x  1) x( x  1)( x  2) x( x 2  1)
zero.
then f (2015)  [EAM-2012]
 2(1  5k )  (5k  1)2  3(4k  2)  0
Sol. Taking x common from C2 , x  1 from C3 and
1
12k  2  0  k  6 ( x -1) from R3 , we get
W.E-4 : If  ,  ,  are roots of x 3  px 2  q  0 , 1 1 1
f ( x )  x ( x  1)( x  1) 2 x x 1 x
1 1 1 3x x2 x
  
1 1 1 Applying C1  C1  C3 , C2  C2  C3 ,we get
 
where q  0 then   
0 0 1
1 1 1 2
f ( x )  x ( x  1) x 1 x
  
2x 2 x
1 1 1
Sol. we have       0     0 =0 [ C1 and C2 are proportional] Thus f (2015) = 0
  
1 1 1  Product of Determinants of the same
   Order :
1 1 1
 
Let    C1  C1  C2  C3 a1 b1 c1 1 1  1
Let 1  a2 b2 c2 and  2   2
1 1 1 2  2
  
a3 b3 c3 3 3  3
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
  0

1

1

1

1

1

1

1
Then row by row multiplication of 1 and  2 is
    0  0
       given by
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
  0
      

142 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS VOL-I MATRICES

a11  b1 1  c1 1 a1 2  b1 2  c1 2

Ø Integration of Determinants :
1 2  a21  b2 1  c2 1 a2 2  b2  2  c2 2 f  x g  x
If   x   ,then
a31  b3 1  c3 1 a3 2  b3  2  c3 2 1 2
b b
a1 3  b1  3  c1 3 f  x  dx
b
  g  x  dx
a2 3  b2  3  c2 3    x  dx 
a
a a

a3 3  b3  3  c3 3 1 2
Note: Multiplication can also be performed row by Here, f  x  and g  x  are functions of x and
column; column by row or column by column as
required in the problem. 1 , 2 are constants.
 Derivative of Determinants : Note:This formula is only applicable, if there is a vari-
able only in one row or column, otherwise expand
f1  x  g1  x  the determinant and then integrate.
Let   x   f x g x ,
2  2   Singular and non-singular matrix :
If the determinant of a square matrix is zero then it
where f1  x  , f 2  x  , g1  x  and g 2  x  are the is called a singular matrix otherwise
functions of x. then, non-singular matrix.
f1 '  x  g1'  x  f  x  g1  x  Note: i) A is singular  AT is singular
'
  x   1'
f 2  x  g 2  x  f 2  x  g '2  x  Also A is non-singular  AT is non-singular
ii) If A and B are non-singular matrices of the same
' f1 '  x  g1  x f1  x  g1'  x  type, then AB is non-singular of the same type.
  x   iii) If product of two non-zero square matrices is a
f 2'  x  g 2  x  f 2  x  g 2'  x 
zero matrix, then both of them must be singular
Thus, to differentiate a determinant, we differenti- matrices.
ate one row (or column) at a time, keeping others  Adjoint matrix of a square matrix :
unchanged. If the elements of a square matrix are replaced
x b b by corresponding co-factors then the transpose
x b of the resulting matrix is called the adjoint of the
W.E-7: If 1  a x b ,  2  a x are the two matrix.Adjoint matrix of A is denoted by Adj A
a a x
a b1 c1  A A2 A3 
 1   1
d
given determinants then ( 1)  If P   a2 b2 c2  then Adj P   B1 B2 B3 

dx  
 a 3 b3 c3  C C2 C 3 
 1
d
x b b  (constant )  0  Where A1 , B1 , C1..... are the co-factors of a1 , b1 , c1 .....
dx
1  a x b    Properties of adjoint matrix :
Sol: Given  d ( x)  1 
a a x   If A, B are square matrices of order n and I n is
 dx 
corresponding unit matrix, then
1 0 0 x b b x b b  i  A  adjA  A I n   adjA  A
d
(1 )  a x b  0 1 0  a x b
dx (Thus A adj  A is always a scalar matrix)
a a x a a x 0 0 1
n 1
ii) adjA  A
x b x b x b
    3 2 n2
a x a x a x iii) adj  adjA   A A; A  0

PINEGROVE 143
 MATRICES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS VOL-I

 n 12 x) A is a non singular scalar matrix  A1 is also a

iv) adj  adjA   A
scalar matrix.
 n 1r
v) adj  adj ( adjA ......r times  A xi) A is triangular matrix, A  0  A1 is also tri-
T angular matrix.
vi) adj  AT    adjA xii) If A,B are symmetric matrices and commute
then A1 B , AB 1 , A1 B 1 are also symmetric
vii) adj  AB    adjB  adjA
matrices
m
viii) adj  Am    adjA , m  N Cancellation law with respect to
multiplication : If A is a non -singular matrix
ix) adj  kA   k n1  adjA , k  R
i.e., if A  0 , then A1 exist and
x) adj  I n   I n xi) adj  O   O
AB  AC  A1  AB   A1  AC 
xii) A is symmetric matrix  adjA is also symmetrix
matrix.   A1 A  B   A1 A  C  IB  IC  B  C
xiii) A is diagonal matrix  adj A is also diagonal
matrix.  AB  AC  B  C  A  0 .
xiv) A is triangular matrix  adjA is also triangular  Elementary Transformations : Any
matrix. one of the following operation on a matrix is called
an elementary transformation.
xv) A is singular  adjA  0 a) Interchanging any two rows (or columns) this
 Inverse of a matrix : Let A be a non- transformation is indicated as
singular square matrix of order n, if there exist a Ri  R j  Ci  C j 
square matrix B of the same order such that
b) Multiplication of the elements of any row (or
AB  BA  I n then B is called the inverse of A columns) by a non-zero scalar quantity this could
and we write it as A1 . be indicated as
Ri  kRi  Ci  kCi 
adj A 1
The inverse of A given by A  c) Addition of a constant multiple of the elements
det A of any row to the corresponding element of any
A matrix is said to be invertible, if it possesses in-
verse. other row, indicated as Ri  Ri  kR j .
 Properties of inverse matrix : If A and B  Equivalent Matrices : Two matrices A and
are invertible matrices of the same order, then B are said to be equivalent, if one is obtained from
1 1 1 1 T
the other by elementary transformations.
i)  A  A ii)  AT    A  It is denoted by A ~ B
1
iii)  AB   B 1 A1 iv)  Ak    A1  , k  N
1 k  Solution of Linear Equations by
Determinants :
1 1 1 1. Cramer’s Rule: (Solution of system of linear
vi) A  A  A
1
v) adj  A1    adjA  equations in two unknowns) The solution of the
system of equations
vii) If A= diag( a1a2 ...an )
a1 x  b1 y  c1 , a2 x  b2 y  c2
1

then A  diag a1 a2 ....an
1 1 1
 1 
and y  2 ,where
is given by x 
viii) If A is symmetric matrix then A1 is also  
symmetric matrix. a1 b1 c b1 a c1
ix) The inverse of a skew symmetric matrix of odd  , 1  1 and  2  1
a2 b2 c2 b2 a2 c2
order does not exist.
,provided   0

144 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS VOL-I MATRICES

2. Cramer’s Rule: (Solution of system of vii) If A T is a transpose of A, then

linear equations in three unknowns) The solution
of the system of equations rank  AT   rank  A 
a1 x  b1 y  c1 z  d1 , a2 x  b2 y  c2 z  d 2 viii) If A is the transposed conjugate of A, then
a3 x  b3 y  c3 z  d3 its matrix form is rank  A   rank  A  .
 a1 b1 c1   x  d1  ix) rank  A  B   rank  A   rank  B  .
a b2 c2   y   d 
 2    2   AX  B x) If A and B are two matrices such that the prod-
 a 3 b3 c3   z   d 3  uct AB is defined, then rank (AB) can not exceed
1   the rank of the either matrix.
is given by x  , y  2 and z  3 , where
   xi) If A   aij  mn is a matrix of Rank r then
a1 b1 c1 d1 b1 c1 r  min m, n
  a2 b2 c2 1  d 2 b2 c2  Echelon form of a matrix : In a matrix if
; ;
a3 b3 c3 d3 b3 c3 the number of zeros before the first non zero ele-
ment in any row doesnot exceed number of such
a1 d1 c1 a1 b1 d1 type of zeros in the very next row, then the matrix
 2  a2 d2 c2 3  a2 b2 d2 is said to be in echelon form.
,
a3 d3 c3 a3 b3 d3 1 2 3 4 5
0 1 3 5 1
Provided   0 
Sub matrix: A matrix obtained by deleting Eg : the matrix  0 0 1 2 1  is in the Echelon form.
finite number of rows or columns or both of a given  
0 0 0 0 0
matrix A is called sub matrix of A.
Rank of a matrix : Let A be a non - zero ma- Note: The number of non zero rows of a matrix given
trix. The rank of A is defined as the maximum of in echelon form is its rank.
the orders of the non - singular square submatrices  Characteristic Equation of a Matrix:
of A and is denoted by rank (A). If A is a matrix of order n  n then A   I  0 is
Note: i) If A is a non-zero matrix of order 3, then the
rank of A is called the characteristic equation of the matrix A.
a) 3 if A is non-singular  a11 a12 a13 
b) 2 if A is singular and there exist atleast one of its 
If A   a21 a22 a23  , then its characteristic
2  2 submatrices is non-singular 
c) 1 if A is singular and every 2  2 submatrix is  a31 a32 a33 
singular
ii) A positive integer r is said to be the rank of a equation is A   I  0 takes the form
non-zero matrix A, if  3  S1 2  S2  S3  0 where
a) There exists at least one minor in A of order r
which is not zero. and S1  a11  a22  a33 = sum of the leading
b) Every minor in A of order greater than r is zero. diagonal elements of A.
It is written rank (A) = r.
iii) The rank of a null matrix is defined as zero a11 a12 a22 a23 a11 a13
S2   
iv) The rank of identy matrix of order n is n a21 a22 a32 a33 a31 a33
v) If A is a non-singular matrix of order n then = sum of the minors of the leading diagonals ele-
rank  A  n . ments of A
vi) Elementary operations do not change the S3  A =determinant of the matrix A.
rank of a matrix.

PINEGROVE 145
 MATRICES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS VOL-I

Consistent System: A system of equations is

1 1 0 said to be consistent if its solution (one or more)
1 2 1
W.E-8 : If A=   then A3  3 A2  I  exist.
 2 1 0  Inconsistent system:A system of equations is
said to be inconsistent if its solution does not ex-
Sol. Characteristic equation of A is A   I  0 ist.
Solution of system of homogeneous
1  1 0 linear equations in two unknowns :
 1 2 1 0  a1 x  b1 y  0 , a2 x  b2 y  0
2 1   a1 b1   x   0 
Its matrix form is  a 
 (1   )   (2   )  1  1[  2]  0  2 b2   y   0   AX  O
a1 b1
  3  3 2  I  0 (or ) A3  3 A2  I  0 (i) a  b  System has unique solution that is x
 Solution of system of non- 2 2
= 0 = y (trivial solution)
homogenoeous linear equations in two
a1 b1
unknowns : (ii) a  b  System has infinitely many
2 2
a1 x  b1 y  c1 , a2 x  b2 y  c2
solutions (non-trivial solutions)
 a1 b1   x   c1  (iii) The above system of equations is always con-
 sistent.
Its matrix form is  a
 2 b2   y   c2 
 Solution of system of homogeneous
 AX  D linear equations in three unknowns :
a1 b1 a1 x  b1 y  c1 z  0 , a2 x  b2 y  c2 z  0
i) a  b  system has unique solutions ( co n-
2 2 a3 x  b3 y  c3 z  0 Its matrix form is
sistent)  X  A1 D  a1 b1 c1   x   0 
a c 2   y    0   AX  O
a1 b1 c1  2 b2
ii) a  b  c  System has no solution (incon-  a 3 b3 c3   z   0 
2 2 2

sistent) (i) A  0 then the system has unique solution i.e

a1 b1 c1 x  y  z =0 (trivial solution)
iii) a  b  c  System has infintely many so-
2 2 2 (ii) A  0 then the system also has infinitely many
lutions (consistent) solutions (non-trivial solutions)
 Solution of system of non-homoge- (iii) The above system of equations is always con-
neous linear equations in three un- sistent.
knowns :  Solution of a system of Linear
Equations by Matrix-Rank method :
a1 x  b1 y  c1z  d1 , a2 x  b2 y  c2 z  d2
Let AX=B be a system of ‘n’ linear equations in ‘n’
a3 x  b3 y  c3z  d3 Its matrix form is variables.
1. Write the augmented matrix [A B]
 a1 b1 c1   x  d1  2. Reduce the augmented matrix to echelon form
a b2 c2   y   d   AX  D
 2     2 using elementary row-opeations
 a 3 b3 c 3   z   d 3  3. Determine the rank of the coefficient matrix A
and augmented matrix [A B] by counting the
(i) A  0 then the system has unique solution number of non-zero rows in A and [A B].
(ii) A  0 then the system also has infinitely many i) If rank  A  rank  AB ,then the system of
solutions or no solution equations is inconsistent.

146 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS VOL-I MATRICES

ii) If rank  A  rank  AB = the number of W.E-10: If 1 , 2 are roots of ax 2  bx  c  0 ,

unknowns, then the system of equations is consis- 1 ,  2 are roots of px 2  qx  r  0 and equa-
tent and has a unique solution.
tions 1 y   2 z  0, 1 y   2 z  0 have a non
iii) If rank  A  rank  AB  the number of un-
knowns, then the system of equations is consistent b2
trivial solution, then  ___ __
and has infinitely many solutions. q2
 Let AX  O be a homogeneous system of linear
equations.
Sol. 1 y  2z  0 and 1 y  2 z  0 have a non trivial
solution
a) If rank  A  number of variables, then AX  O
have a trivial solution i.e. zero solution. 1  2
    0  1 2   2 1  0
b) If rank  A  number of variables, then 1 2

AX  O have a non-trivial solution. It will have 1 1    2 1   2

   1 
infinitely many solutions. 2 2 1   2 1   2
 Conditions for consistency : 2 2
The following cases may arise:

1   2  
 1   2 
2 2
(i) If   0 , or Rank (A) = Rank [AB] =3 then the 1   2   41 2  1   2   41 2
system is consistent and has a unique solution, which
is given by Cramer’s rule: b2 q2
   a2 p2
x  1 , y  2 ,z  3  
   b2 c q2 4r
4 
(ii) If   0 and at least one of the determinants a 2
a p2 p
1 ,  2 ,  3 is non -zero ,(or)  =0 and
b2 q2 b2 b2  4ac
 adjA B  0 (or) rank (A)  rank  AB  the given  2   2  2
b  4ac q 2  4 pr q q  4 pr
system is inconsistent i.e., it has no solution.
 Geometrical Transformations :
(iii) If   0 and 1   2   3  0 ,
Reflection of a point R  x, y  in x-axis :
(or)   0 and  adjA B  0 (or) rank (A) = rank
Let R '  x ' , y '  is the reflection of the point R
 AB  < 3 then the system is consistent and depen-
dent, and has infinitely many solutions.  x, y  on x-axis. The matrix of reflection is given
W.E-9: If the system of equations x  y  z  1 , by
x  2 y  4 z  n and x  4 y  10 z  n 2 Y

are consistent.then the values of ‘n’ are__ R(x, y)

1 1 1
'
Sol.   1 2 4 = 0  system has no solution or O
X x  1 0  x 
 '     
1 4 10  y   0 1   y 
infinitely many solutions. Given system is consistent | |
R(x , y )
It has infinitely many solutions
1 1 1 Reflection of a point R  x, y  in y-axis:
 1 2 n 0
3  0  1 0  x 
1 4 n2 R  x' , y '     
 0 1 y 
 (1 - 2) (2 - n) (n - 1) = 0  n = 1, 2.

PINEGROVE 147
 MATRICES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS VOL-I

Y
(v) Rotation of axes through an angle ' ' is given
 cos   sin    x 
by R  x , y   
' ' '
 
 sin  cos    y 

R(x,| y)| R(x, y)

Standard Results :
a b c
b c a
1. = – (a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc)
X c a b
O

a h g
Note:(i) Reflection of a point R  x, y  through origin 2. h b f = abc + 2fgh – af2 – bg2 – ch2
g f c
 x1   1 0   x 
is given by  1    0 1  y  1 a a 2 1 a bc
y    
1 b b2  1 b ca
(ii) Reflection of point R  x, y  in the line y = x is 3.   a  b  b  c  c  a 
1 c c2 1 c ab
0 1
given by  
1 0 1 a a3 1 a 2 bc
(iii) Reflection of point R  x, y  in the line y = -x is 4. 1 b b3  1 b 2 ca 
1 c c3 1 c2 ab
 0 1
given by    a  b  b  c  c  a  a  b  c 
 1 0 
(iv) Reflection of point R  x, y  in y   tan   x i.e 1 a2 a3 a a 2 bc
y  mx or y   tan   x is 1 b2 b3  b b 2 ca
5.
1 c2 c3 c c2 ab
Y

R(x, y)
  a  b  b  c  c  a  ab  bc  ca 

1 a a4
1 b b4 
6.  a  b  b  c  c  a 
1 1
R(x , y ) 1 c c4

X
a 2
 b 2  c 2  ab  bc  ca 
given by 2 2
n2  n  1  n  2 
 1  tan 2  2 tan   2 2 2

 cos  sin    1  tan 2   7.

 n  1  n  2   n  3  8
1  tan 2  
   n  2
2 2
 n  3  n  4 
2
  sin 2 cos    2 tan  1  tan 2  
 
 1  tan 2  1  tan 2  
2 2
n2  n 1  n  2
2
1 m 2m  2 2 2

1  m2

1  m2  8.
 n  3  n  4   n  5   216
 2 2 2
 2m 1  m2   n  6   n  7   n  8
 
 1  m2 1  m2 

148 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS VOL-I MATRICES

6. If A , B are two square matrices of order n

x  a a2 a3 and A and B commute (K be a real number).
x  b b2 b3 Then
W.E-11: If =0 and a  b  c
xc c2 c3 1) A - KI, B - KI Commute
2) A - KI, B - KI are equal
then x  3) A - KI, B - KI do not commute
Sol: By given result 4) A + KI, B - KI do not commute
7. If D1 and D2 are two 3 × 3 diagonal matrices
x a2 a3 a a 2 a3
then
x b2 b3  b b 2 b3  0 1) D1 D2 is a diagonal matrix
x c2 c3 c c2 c3 2) D1 + D2 is a diagonal matrix
3) D12 +D22 is a diagonal matrix
1 a2 a3 1 a a2 4) 1, 2, 3 are correct
8. If AB = AC then
x 1 b2 b3  abc 1 b b2  0 1) B = C 2) B  C
1 c2 c3 1 c c2 3) B need not be equal to C 4) B = -C
9. If AB  AC  B  C , then A is
x (a  b)(b  c )(c  a )(ab  bc  ca ) +
1) non-singular 2) singular
abc( a  b)(b  c)(c  a )  0 3) symmetric 4) Skew symmetric
 abc 10. If A and B are two matrices such thatA + B
x  a  b  c  and AB are both defined then
( a  b )(b  c )( c  a )
1) A and B are two matrices not necessarily of same
order
C.U.Q 2) A and B are square matrices of same order
3) A and B are matrices of same type
ALGEBRA OF MATRICES 4) A and B are rectangular matrices of same order
1. If two matrices A an B are of order p  q and
 1  2 
r  s respectively, can be substracted only, if  
2
1) p  q 2) p  q , r  s 11. If A =  2  1  then A is
3) p  r , q  s 4) p  r  1  
 
2. A square matrix (aij) in which aij = 0 for i  j 1) Nilpotent 2) involutary
and aij = k (constant) for i = j is (EAM-2001) 3) Symmetric 4) Idempotent
1) Unit matrix2) Scalar matrix 12. A skew - symmetric matrix S satisfies the re-
3) Null matrix4) Diagonal matrix lation S 2  I  0 , where I is a unit matrix then
3. If A = [aij] is a scalar matrix of order n × n,
S is
such that aij = k for all i=j, then trace of A =
1) Idempotent 2) Orthogonal
n 3) involutary 4) Nilpotent
1) nk 2) n+k 3) 4) 1
k 2  3i 3  4i 
 1
4. If A and B are two matrices such that A has  4  5i 
identical rows and AB is defined. 13. If A   2  3i 0
then A is
Then AB has  3  4i 4  5i 2 
1) no identical rows 2) identical rows 1) Hermitian 2) Skew-Hermitian
3) no identical columns 4)cannot be determined 3) Symmetric 4) Skew-Symmetric
5. If AB = O, then 14. If A and B are square matrices of size n  n such
1) A = O
that A2  B 2   A  B  A  B  ,then which of
2) B = O
3) A and B need not be zero matrices the following will be always true.
4) A and B are zero matrices 1) AB=BA 2) Either A or B is a zero matrix
3) Either A or B is an identity matrix 4) A=B

PINEGROVE 149
 MATRICES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS VOL-I

15. If B is an idempotent matrix and DETERMINANTS AND INVERSE OF

A  I  B then AB  A MATRIX
1) I 2)0 3)  I 4) B
25. A and B are square matrices of order 3  3 , A
16. If A is a symmetric or skew-symmetric matrix
is an orthogonal matrix and B is a skew
then A2 is
symmetric matrix. Which of the following
1) symmetric 2) skew-symmetric
statement is not true
3) Diagonal 4) scalar or matrix
17. Let A be a square matrix. consider 1) A  1 2) B  0 3) AB  1 4) AB  0
1) A + AT 2) AAT 3) AT A 4) AT+A  a1 a2 a3 
5) A - AT 6) AT - A , Then If A   b1 b2 b3 
26. and Ai, Bi, Ci, are cofactors
1) all are symmetric matrices  c1 c2 c3 
2) (2),(4),(6) are symmetric matrices of ai, bi, ci then a1 B1 + a2B2+a3B3 =
3) (1),(2),(3),(4) are symmetric matrices & 2
(5),(6) are skew symmetric matrices 1) 0 2) A 3) A 4) 2 A
4) 5,6 are symmetric 27. If each element of a row of square matrix is
18. If A, B are symmetric matrices of the same doubled, the determinant of the matrix is
order then AB-BA is [EAM-2009] 1) not changed 2) doubled
1) symmetric matrix 2) skew symmetric matrix 3) multiplied by4 4) multiply by 1/2
3)Diagonal matrix 4) identity matrix 28. If A is a 3  3 singular matrix then A(Adj A) =
19. If a matrix A is both symmetric and skew- 1) A I 2) I 3) O 4)  1
symmetric then A is
29. If A and B are two non-singular matrices then
1) I 2) O 3) Both 1 and 2 4) Diagonal matrix
20. If A is a skew-symmetric matrix and n is odd Adj (AB) =
positive integer, then An is
1) Adj (B) Adj A 2) Adj A Adj B
1) a symmetric matrix 2) skew-symmetric matrix
3) diagonal matrix 4) triangular matrix 3) Both (1) and (2) 4) A B
21. If A is a skew-symmetric matrix and n is 30. A 3x3 is a nonsingular matrix  A2 (Adj A) =
even positive integer , then An is 2
1) a symmetric matrix 2) skew-symmetric matrix 1) A A 2) I 3) A I 4) A I
3) diagonal matrix 4) triangular matrix 31. If ‘d’ is the determinant of a square matrix A
of order n, then the determinant of its adjoint
22. If A   aij  33 is a square matrix so that is (EAM -2000)
1) dn 2) dn-1 3) dn-2 4) d
aij  i 2  j 2 , then A is a
32. If A is a non singular matrix then which of the
1) unit matrix 2) symmetric marix following is not true
3) skew symmetric matrix 4) orthogonal matrix
1 1
23. If A, B are two idempotent matrices and 1) AdjA  A A1 2)  AdjA  A A
AB = B A = 0 then A+B is
1) Scalar matrix 2) Idempotent matrix  
3) det A 1 =(detA)-1 4) AdjA  I
3) Diagonal matrix 4) Nilpotent matrix
24. If A is a skew-symmetric matrix of order n, a1 b1 c1 A1 A2 A3
and C is a column matrix of order n 1   a2 b2 c2 B1 B2 B3 
33. If then
then C T AC is a3 b3 c3 C1 C2 C3
1) A Identity matrix of order n
 A1 , A2 , A3 ...are cofactors 
2) A unit matrix of order one
3) A zero matrix of order one 2
4) A zero matrix of order n. 1) 2) 2 3)  2 4) 
2

150 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS VOL-I MATRICES

ai 2  bi 2  ci 2  1 i  1, 2,3 and 43. Let AX = B be a system of non homogeneous

34. Given
equations and det A = 0 then the system has
ai a j  bi b j  ci c j  0  i  j, i, j  1, 2, 3 t h e n 1) infinity solutions 2) unique solution
3) no solution 4) infinity solutions or no solution
a1 a2 a3 44. The system AX = B of (n –a) equations in
b1 b2 b3 (n –a) unknowns has infinitely many solutions
the value of is if
c1 c2 c3 1) det A  0, (adj A) (B) = 0
1 2) A  0, (adj A)  B   0
1) 0 2) 3)  1 4) 2
2 3) A  0, (adj A)  B   0 4) Identity matrix
35. If A, B are square matrices of order 3, then
45. The system of equations which can be solved
1) AB  0  A  0 and B  0 by matrix inversion method have
1) unique solution 2) no solution
2) AB  0  A  0 or B  0 3) infinitely many solutions 4) two solutions
1 46. consider the system of equations
3)  A  B   A1  B 1
ai x  bi y  ci z  0 (where i=1,2,3), if
4) adj (AB) = (adjA) (adjB)
36. If the product of two non zero square matrices a1 b1 c1
A and B of the same order is a zero matrix a2 b2 c2  0
, then the system has
then a3 b3 c3
1) Both are singular
1) only one solution
2) atleast one of A&B is singular
2) one solution (0,0,0) and one more solution
3) A is non-singular, but B is singular
3) no solution 4) infinite solutions
4) A is singlar but B is non-singular 47. If A is invertible matrix and B is another ma-
37. If A is an orthogonal matrix, then A1 equals trix such that (AB) exists then
1) A 2) AT 3) AAT 4) I 1) rank (AB) = rank (A) 2) rank (AB) = rank (B)
38. The inverse of a symmetric matrix is (if exists) 3) rank (AB) > rank (A) 4) rank (AB) > rank (B)
1) Diagonal matrix 2) Symmetric matrix 48. If A is a non zero column matrix of order m1
3) Skew - symmetric matrix 4) Can’t say amd B is a non zero row matrix of order 1 n
39. The inverse of a skew symmetric matrix then rank of AB is
(if it exists) is 1) 0 2)1 3) m 4) n
1) a symmetric matrix 2) a skew symmetric matrix 49. If A33 . X 31  D31 is a consistent system of
3) a diagonal matrix 4) none of a matrix is unique equations having unique solution then rank (A)
40. The inverse of a skew symmetric matrix of 1) 3 2) 2 3) 1 4) 0
odd order is
1) a symmetric matrix 2) a skew symmetric matrix 50. If A=  ai j  mXn is a matrix of rank r then
3) diagonal matrix 4) does not exist 1) r = min {m, n} 2) r < min{m, n}
41. If A is a square matrix of order 3 then 3) r  min {m, n} 4) r = max {m, n}
Adj ( Adj A2 )  C.U.Q-KEY
01) 3 02) 2 03) 1 04) 2 05) 3 06) 1 07 )4
2 4 8 16
1) A 2) A 3) A 4) A 08) 3 09) 1 10) 2 11) 3 12) 2 13) 1 14) 1
15) 2 16) 1 17) 3 18) 2 19) 2 20) 2 21) 1
LINEAR EQUATIONS
22) 3 23) 2 24) 3 25) 3 26) 1 27) 2 28) 1
42. The system of equations which can be solved
29) 3 30) 1 31) 2 32) 4 33) 3 34) 3 35) 2
by cramer’s rule have 36) 1 37) 2 38) 2 39) 2 40) 4 41) 3 42) 1
1) unique solution 2) no solution 43) 4 44) 2 45) 1 46) 4 47) 2 48) 2 49) 1
3) infinitely many solutions 4) two solutions 50) 3

PINEGROVE 151
 MATRICES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS VOL-I

EXERCISE - I (C.W) 0 2   0 3a 
6. If A=   ,kA=   then the values
 3 4   2b 24 
FORMATION OF MATRICES:
of k , a, b are respectively..
1. For 2  3 matrix A   aij  whose elements are 1) -6, -12, -18 2) -6, 4, 9
3) -6, -4, -9 4) -6, 12, 18
2

given by aij 
i  j  then A is equal to MULTIPLICATION OF MATRICES
2 7. If (1 2 3) B = (3 4) then order of the matrix B is
 9   9  1) 3 1 2) 3  2 3) 2  4 4) 5  2
2 8
2  2 2
8 
8. If a matrix has 13 elements, then the possible
    dimensions (orders) of the matrix are
1)  9 25  2)  9 25 
8 8 1) 1 × 13 or 13 × 1 2) 1 × 26 or 26 × 1
 2 2   2 2 
3) 2 × 13 or 13 × 2 4) 13 × 13
 9   25   2 3
2 2
8 2 2
8
1  2 3   

3)  9

25 

4)  9 9
 9. If A   4 2 5 and B   4 5 then
8 8    2 1 
 2 2   2 2 
1) AB, BA exist and equal
r  2 5  4 y  3 2) AB, BA exist and are not equal
2. If   3 
, then 3) AB exist and BA does not exist
  2 r  1  z 4) AB does not exist and BA exist
1) r  y  z 2) r   y  z
3)  r  y  z 4) r  y   z m
10. If  m n      25 and m  n, then  m, n  
SUM AND DIFFERENCE OF THE n 
MATRICES AND SCALAR MULTIPLE OF A
1)  2,3 2)  3, 4  3)  4,3 4)  3, 2 
MATRIX
 1 2   3 3   ab b2 
11. If A   2  and An  0, then the
3. If A-2B =   and 2A-3B =  
3 0   1 1   a ab 
then B = minimum value of ‘n’ is
1) 2 2) 3 3) 4 4) 5
 5 7   5 7   5 7   5 7 
1)   2)  5 1 3)  5 1 4)  5 1  a h   x
 5 1       12. If A  x, y , B   h b , C   y  , then ABC=
   
1 0  0 1
4. If I =   , B =  and 1) ax  hy  bxy  
2) ax 2  2hxy  by 2
0 1  1 0 

3) ax 2  2hxy  by 2  4) bx
2
 2hxy  ay 
2

 cos  sin   13. If A = diagonal (3,3,3) then A4 

C   then C=
  sin  cos   1)12A 2) 81A 3) 684A 4) 27A
1) I cos   B sin  2) I sin   B cos   1 -2 
3) I cos   B sin  4)  I cos  B sin  14. If A=  2
 and f  t   t  3t  7 then
 4 5 
1 2   4 3
5. If A    ,B    and 2A+C=B  3 6
2 5  0 2 f(A)+  = (EAM-2008)
 12 9 
then C =
 6 7   2 1  3 1  6 7  1 0  0 0 0 1 1 1 
1)  1)   2)   3)   4)  
 2)   3)  4 8  4)  4 12  0 1 0 0 1 0  0 0
 4 12   4 8    

152 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS VOL-I MATRICES

0 1 1 0  1 0 
15. If A =  1 0  then A5 = 23. If A    and I    , then which one
  1 1  0 1
1) I 2) O 3) A 4) A 2
of the following holds for all n  1 (by the
1 2 2 principle of mathematical induction)
16. If A   2 1 2  ,then A2  4 A is equal to
 2 2 1  1) An  nA   n  1 I

1) 2I 3 2) 3I 3 3) 4I 3 4) 5I3 2) An  2n1 A   n  1 I
 1  tan   1 tan    a b 3) An  nA   n  1 I
17. If   =  
 tan 1    tan  1   b a 
2
4) An  2n1 A   n  1 I
1) a  1, b  1 2) a  sec  , b  0
TRACE OF MATRIX
3) a  0, b  sin 2  4) a  sin 2 , b  cos 2
24. If Tr(A) = 6  Tr (4A )=
 a2 ab ac 
  1) 3/2 2) 2 3) 12 4) 24
18. If A   ab b2 bc  and a 2  b 2  c 2  1,
 ac
25. If Tr (A)=3, Tr(B)=5 then Tr(AB) =
 bc c 2 
1)15 2)5 3)3/5 4) Cannot say
then A2 
1) A 2) 2A 3) 3A 4) 4A 1 2 3 1 0 0 
19. A fruit shop has 5 dozen oranges, 3 dozen A   4 5 6, B   0 3 0  , Tr ( BA )  ...
mangoes, 6 dozen bananas their selling prices 26. If
7 1 0  0 4 5 
are Rs 60, Rs40, Rs30 each respectively.
Using matrix algebra the value of the fruits in 1) 40 2) 45 3) 39 4) 5
the shop is
1) 7200 2) 7000 3) 2700 4) 7500 TRANSPOSE AND PROPERTIES OF
PROBLEMS BASED ON INDUCTION TRANSPOSE OF MATRIX
27. If A is a 3 × 4 matrix and B is matrix such
x x that AT B and BAT are both define then order
20. If A   , then An  ............, n  N
x x  of B is
1) 3 × 4 2) 4 × 3 3) 3 × 3 4) 4 × 4
2n x n 2n x n   2n 1 x n 2 n1 x n 
1)  n n  2)  n 1 n  r  4 6   5 r  2 T
2 x 2n x n  2 x 2 n1 x n 
28.  = then r 
 3 r  3 r  5 4 
2 n 2 x n 2 n 2 x n  2n1 xn1 2n1 xn1
3)  n 2 n n 2 n  4)  n1 n1 n1 n1 1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) -1
2 x 2 x  2 x 2 x 
21. Matrix A is such that A2 = 2A - I where I is  7 -10 17 
the unit matrix . Then for n  2, An = (E-2013) 29. I f 3A + 4BT =   and
 0 6 31
1) nA  ( n  1) I 2) nA I
 1 18 
3) 2n1 A  (n 1)I 4) 2n 1 A  1  
4 6 
 i o o 2B-3AT =  then B =
 5 7 
o i o  then A 4 n 1
 ..., n  N  
22.  
o o i 
 1 3  1 3  1 3 1 3 
      
1 0 0 1 0 0   i 0 0 i 0 0  0 
0 1 0  0 1 0     0 i 0  1)  1 0  2)  1 0  3)  1 0  4)  1
1)   2)   3) 0 i 0 4)    2 4   2 4 
   
 2 4
 
2
 4 
0 0 1  0 0 1 0 0 i   0 0 i

PINEGROVE 153
 MATRICES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS VOL-I

 3 4  2i 2i
30. I f 5A =   and A AT = AT A=I then x= 35. The value of is { i 2  1 }
4 x  1 i 1 i
1) 3 2) -3 3) 2 4) -2 1) A complex quantity 2) real quantity
SYMMETRIC, SKEW SYMMETRIC 3) 0 4) cannot be determined
MATRICES & SPECIAL TYPES 18 40 89 
OF MATRICES  40 89 198   ....
36. det 
 2 x  3 x  2 89 198 440 
 3 2 1 
31. If A=  is a symmetric matrix 1) -8 2) -6 3) -1 4) 0
 4 1 5 
24 25 26
then x  25 26 27
1) 0 2)3 3)6 4)8 37. is equal to (EAM-2011)
26 27 27
 2 3 5 1) 0 2) -1 3) 1 4) 2
 
4 1 2  P  Q
32.  , where P is a symmetric
1 2 1 b2  c2 a2 a2
 
and Q is a skew-symmetric then Q= b2 c2  a2 b2 
38.
c2 c2 a2  b2
 1   1 
0 2
2  0 2 1 1) a2b2c2 2) 4abc 3) 4a2b2c2 4) 2a2b2c2
   
1 0 0  1 0 0  a b c 2a 2a
   
1)  2  2)  2  2b bca 2b
39. = (E-2008)
 2 0 0
  1 0 0  2c 2c c  a b
   
1) 2(a+b+c)3 2) (a-b-c)3 3)2(a-b-c)34) (a+b+c)3
 0 1 0  0 2 3  2  3   1   3
   
1 0 1  2 0 4 
3)  4)   1 2     4
 0 1 0   3 4 0  40. If
      3   4 3
2 2  4
 1  p 4  q 3  r  2  s  t then t 
3 4 
33. If A =  then A is 1) 16 2) 17 3) 18 4) 19
 1 2  3 
1) an idempotent marix 2) nilpotent matrix 5 5  
41. A   0 5   ;If A  25 .then  
2
3) involutary 4) orthogonal matrix  
DETERMINANTS AND ITS  0 0 5 
PROPERTIES [EAM-2007]

a c b 
1
1) 5 2) 52 3)1 4)
34. If A   b a c  then the cofactor of a 32 5
 c b a  x 1 x  2 x  a
in A + AT is x2 x3 xb 
42. If a, b, c are in A.P.then
1) 
 2 a(b  c )   b  c 
2
 2) ac  b 2
x3 x4 xc
3) a 2  bc 4) 2a(a  c)  a  c2 1)1 2) 0 3) -1 4) 2

154 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS VOL-I MATRICES

43. If x,y, z are all different and if ADJOINT OF A MATRIX

x x 2 1  x3  12 22 32 
y y 2 1  y3  2 
32 42 
= 0 then 1  xyz  (E-2010) 51. If A =  2 2 then Adj A 
z z2 1  z3 3
 42 5 2 

1) -1 2) 0 3) 1 4) 2 1) 8 2) 16 3) 64 4) 128
52. If A is a square matrix such that A (AdjA)
x2 x3 x 5
x4 x6 x9 4 0 0
44. =  
x  8 x  11 x  15 (EAM-2013)  0 4 0
then det (AdjA) = (EAM-2007)
 0 0 4
 
1) 3 x 2  4 x  5 2) x 2  8 x  2 3) 0 4) -2 1) 4 2) 16 3) 64 4) 256
a 2b 2c  1 0 2   5 a 2 
   
45. If a  6 , b, c satisfy
3 b c
= 0, then 53. Adj 1 1 2  =  1 1 0    a b 
4 a b  0 2 1   2 2 b 

abc  1)  4 1 2)  4 1 3)  4 1 4)  4 1

1) a  b  c 2) 0 3) b3 4) ab  b  c 54. If A is a 3x3 matrix and adjA  16 then A =
log e log e 2 log e3 1) 4 2) -4 3)  4 4) 8
log e 2 log e3 log e 4  55. If det ( A33 )  6 , then det (adj 2A)=
46.
log e3 log e 4 log e5 1) 144 2) 2 2  38 3) 33  24 4) 32  28
1) 0 2) 1 3) 4 loge 4) 5 loge INVERSE OF A MATRIX
a a x  1 1 x
1 x 1 
m m m 0 56. If  has no inverse, then the real
47. If then x 
b x b  x 1 1 
1)a 2)b 3)a or b 4)0 value of x is [EAM-2009]
48. The value of a third order determinant is 11, 1) 2 2) 3 3) 0 4) 1
then the value of the square of the determi-  1  tan   1  tan 
1

nant formed by the cofactors will be 57. If    =

 tan  1   tan  1 
1) 11 2) 121 3) 1331 4) 14641
49. If matrix A is an circulant matrix whose ele- cos   sin  
1

ments of first row are a, b, c all > 0 such that  sin  cos   then  =
abc = 1 and AT A  I then a 3  b3  c 3 equals  
1) 0 2) 4 3) 1 4) 3   
1) 0 2) 3) 4)
50. In a third order determinant, each element of 2 4 6
the first column consists of sum of two terms, 58. The inverse of
each element of the second column consists
of sum of three terms and each 1 a b 1  a  b 
0 x 0is 0 1 0 then x 
element of the third column consits of sum of   
four terms,.Then it can be decomposed into n 0 0 1 0 0 1 
determinants, where n has value
1) 1 2) 9 3) 16 4) 24 1) a 2) b 3) 0 4) 1

PINEGROVE 155
 MATRICES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS VOL-I

59. If a, b, c and d are real numbers such that 67. The system of equations
2 x  6 y  11  0 , 6 y  18 z  1  0
 a  ib c  id 
and if A   then A1 
 c  id a  ib  6 x  20 y  6 z  3  0
1) is consistent 2) has unique solution
[EAM-2014]
3) is inconsistent 4) cannot be determined
 a  ib c  id   a  ib c  id  68. The value of 'a' for which the equations
1)   2) 
 c  id a  ib   c  id a  ib  3 x  y  az  1 , 2 x  y  z  2 ,
 a  ib c  id   a  ib c  id  x  2 y  az  1 fail to have unique solution is
3)   4)   1) 7/2 2) -7/2 3) 2/7 4) -2/7
 c  id a  ib   c  id a  ib 
60. If A is a non zero square matrix of order n with 69. The system of equations 3x  2 y  z  6 ,
det( I+A)  0 and A3  0 ,where I, O are unit 3 x  4 y  3 z  14 and 6 x  10 y  8 z  a , has
and null matrices of order nxn respectively infinite number of solutions, if a is equal to
then ( I  A)1  (EAM-2010) (EAM-2013)
1) 8 2) 12 3) 24 4) 36
1) I  A  A2 2) I  A  A2 70. The number of solutions of the equation
3) I  A2 4) I  A
3x  3y  z  5, x  y  z  3,2x  2y  z  3
61. If A  0 and ( A  2 I )( A  3I )  0 then A1  1) 1 2) 0 3) infinite 4) two
A  5I 5I  A 5A  I 5I  A HOMOGENEOUS LINEAR EQUATIONS
1) 2) 3) 4) 71. The number of non-trivial solutions of the
6 5 6 6
system x  y  z  0, x  2 y  z  0,
RANK OF A MATRIX
2 x  y  3z  0 is [EAM-2007]
  1 2 3 1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) 3
62. The rank of the matrix A =  2 4 6 is
  72. If x, y, z not all zeros and the equations
1) 3 2) 2 3) 1 4) 0 x  cy  bz , y  az  cx, z  bx  ay a r e
63. If I is a (9 × 9) unit matrix, then rank ( I ) = consistent then a relation among a,b,c is
1) 0 2) 3 3) 6 4) 9 (AIE-2008)
64. The ranks of the matrices in descending order
1) a 2  b 2  c 2  0
 1 4 1 1 1 1  1 2 3 2) a 2  b 2  c 2  2abc  0
2 3 0  1 1 1  
A.   B.   C.  2 3 4 3) a 2  b 2  c 2  2abc  1
 0 1 2  1 1 1  0 1 2
4) a 2  b 2  c 2  2abc  0
1) A,B,C 2) A,C,B 3) B,C,A 4) C,A,B 73. If x, y, z not all zeros and the equations
1 2 3 0 x  y  z  0 , (1  a ) x  (2  a) y  8 z  0 ,
2 4 3 2 
65. If the matrix A   is of rank x  (1  a) y  (2  a) z  0 have non-trivial
3 2 1 3
  solution then a =
6 8 7 
1) 2  15 2) 3  15
3, then   (EAM-2014)
1) -5 2) 5 3) 4 4) -4 3) 15 4) 5  2 2
SOLUTION OF SIMULTANEOUS EQUATION 74. If a  b  c  1 and the system ax  y  z  0
NON HOMOGENEOUS LINEAR EQUATIONS
x  by  z  0 , x  y  cz  0 have non trivial
66 The solution of 2 x  y  z  1 , x  2 y  3z  1 ,
solutions then a  b  c  abc  ...............
3x  2 y  4 z  5 is
1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) 4
1) 1,2,3 2) 1,2,-3 3) 1,-3,2 4) 1,3,2

156 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS VOL-I MATRICES

EXERCISE - I (C.W)- KEY 1 2 2 9 8 8 

01) 2 02) 4 03) 2 04) 1 05) 2 06) 3 07) 2   A   8 9 8 
2
08) 1 09) 2 10) 2 11) 1 12) 2 13) 4 14) 2 16. A   2 1 2  ,
15) 3 16) 4 17) 2 18) 1 19) 1 20) 2 21) 1  2 2 1   8 8 9 
22) 3 23) 3 24) 4 25) 4 26) 1 27) 1 28) 1 5 0 0
29) 3 30) 1 31) 3 32) 1 33) 1 34) 1 35) 1
 A  4 A   0 5
2
0   5 I 3
36) 3 37) 3 38) 3 39) 4 40) 3 41) 4 42) 2
43) 2 44) 4 45) 3 46) 1 47) 3 48) 4 49) 2  0 0 5 
50) 4 51) 3 52) 2 53) 3 54) 3 55) 4 56) 4 17. Use multiplication of matrices and equal
57) 1 58) 4 59) 3 60) 1 61) 4 62) 3 63) 4 corresponding elements.
64) 2 65) 2 66) 3 7) 3 68) 2 69) 4 70) 3 18. Find A2 and use a 2  b 2  c 2  1
71) 1 72) 3 73) 4 74) 3 19. No of fruits
EXERCISE - I (C.W)-HINTS A  5 12  60 3 12  36 6 12  72
 a11 a12 a13  selling prices (in Rs)
1. a a a  be a 2  3 matrix find all elements.
 21 22 23   60 
2. Equating corresponding elements B   40 
total value of the fruits
 2 4  30 
3. 2 A  4B   
6 0  60 
 3 3  A B   6 0 3 6 7 2   4 0 
2 A  3B     7200
 subtract and find B.
 1 1  3 0 
20. put n = 3
 c os  0   0 sin  21. put n = 3
4. C  
 0 cos    sin  1  22. put n = 1
 I cos   B sin  2  1 0 3 1 0  1 0
23. A    ,A    An   
 4 3  2 4   2 1 3 1  n 1 
5. C  B  2 A , C   0 2   4 10 
    n 0 n  1 0 
nA    ,  n  1 I  
 0 3a  n n  0 n  1
k k   1 0 n
A   nA   n  1 I   A
6.  2b 24   n 1 
 k k  24.. Tr  4 A  4Tr  A 
7. order of B is 3 × 2
8. possible order of the matrices are 1×13 or 13×1 25. Tr ( AB )  Tr ( A).Tr ( B )
9. AB, BA exists and not equal 26. Find BA
27. Verification
10. m2  n2  25 and m<n Hence  m, n    3, 4  28. r  4  5  r 1
T
 a2b2  a 2b 2 ab 3  ab 3 
11. A 2
  3 3 2 2 2 2
0 
29. find 3 A  4 BT  and adding
 a b  a b a b  a b  30. find AAT
 A3  A. A2  0 and An  0 , for all n  2 31. A T  A
12. find ABC
A  AT
13. A4  81I  27 A 32. Q 
2
14. f  A  A2  3 A  7 I 33. A2  A
15. A2  I  A5  A 34. find A  AT and find cofactor

PINEGROVE 157
 MATRICES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS VOL-I

35. expand 58. vertify with AA1  I

36. Applying C2  C2  2C1 ; C3  C3  2C2 a b 1  d b 
1
24 25 26 59. If A    the A   
c d ad  bc   c a 
R2  R2  R1
1 1
37. we get 1 1
60. ( I 3  A3 )  ( I  A)( I  A  A2 ) = I
R3  R3  R2 1 1 0
5I  A
61. A2  5 A  6 I  0 5 A  A  6 I  A 
2 1
38. put a = 1, b = 1, c = 2 verify option
39. Put a=1,b=1,c=1 6
40. put   0 62. All 2 × 2 sub matrices are singular
2
63. Rank of I is its order
41.  A  25  A  625 2 64. Rank of the matrixof order 3 × 3
42. Put a=1, b=2, c=3 65. det A = 0
43. Split into two determinants 66. By verification
44. R2  R2  R1 , R3  R3  R2 and expand 67. Rank ( A)  Rank ( AD )
45. expand 68. Rank ( A)  Rank ( AD )  3
log e 2 log e 3 lo g e 1 2 3 69. Rank ( A)  Rank ( AD )  3
4 log e  2 70. Rank ( A)  Rank ( AD )  3
46. 3 lo g e 3 log e 3 4
(log e)3
3 lo g e 4 log e 5 log e 3 4 5
1 1 1
R2  R2  R1 , R3  R3  R2 1 2 1  0
71.
a a x 2 1 3
m 1 1 1 0
47. and expand
b x 6 1 c b
we get (b  x)( a  x)  0 c 1 a  0
72.
48. It is square of b a 1
n 1 2 2 2

det  adj A   det A    11   114 = 14641 1 1 1
49. AT A  I  ’A’ is a orthogonal matrix  A  1 1 a 2  a 8  0
73.
1 (1  a ) (2  a )
a b c
b c a  1  3abc  a3  b3  c3  1 a 1 1
c a b 1 b 1 0
74.
1 1 c
 3 1  1  a 3  b3  c3  a 3  b3  c 3  4 or 2
50. 2 x 3 x 4 = 24
n 1
EXERCISE - I (H.W)
51. AdjA  A
52. A  adjA  A .I FORMATION OF MATRICES
53. Find adjA
1
54. AdjA  16  A  16  A  4
2
1. If aij   3i  2 j  and A   aij  22 , then A is
2
55. AdjkA  kA
n 1
 ( k n A ) n 1 equal to
 1/ 2 2  1/ 2 1/ 2
1 1 x 1)   2) 
 1 / 2 1   2 1 
56. i.e 1 x 1  0 and expand
x 1 1  2 2   2 2 
3)   4)  
57. AA1  I and I 1  I 1 / 2 1/ 2   1 / 2 1/ 2 

158 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS VOL-I MATRICES

 x  3 2 y  x  0  7 3 0 0
2. If   ,  0 
 z  1 4a  z  3 2a  8. If A   0 3
then A5 
 0 0 3 
( x  y  z  a) 
1) -1 2) 0 3) 1 4) 8 1) 243 2) 81A 3) 243A 4) 81I
SUM AND DIFFERENCE OF THE a h g  x
z   h f   y  
MATRICES AND SCALAR 9. If  x y b
MULTIPLE OF MATRIX  g f c   z 

1 2  3 5 1)  ax 2  by 2  cz 2  2hxy  2 gxz  2 fyz 

3. 3 4 + 2X = 5 9 ,  X =
    2)  ax 2  by 2  cz 2  hxy  gxz  fyz 
1 3 
2 3 1
3 
 2  3  2  3)  2 ax 2  2by 2  2cz 2  hxy  gxz  fyz 
2
1)  2) 1 5  3)  4)
5   1  5 

 2 5  2 2  2 4)  2ax 2  2by 2  2cz 2  2hxy  2 gxz  2 fyz 
10. If AB = A and BA = B then
 1 4 7  1) A = 2B 2) A2 = A and B2 = B
 
4. The additive inverse of   3 2 5 
is 3) 2A = B 4) cannot be determined
 2 3  1 
 2 1
11. If A    then A2  2 A  I 
 1 4 7   1 4 7  3 0
   
1)  3 2 5  2)  3 2 5  12 4  12 4
 2 3 1   2 3 1  1)   2)  
    12 4   4 12 
 1 4 7   4 12   4 12 
 
3) not possible 4)  3 2 5  3)   4)  
 2 3 1 
12 4   12 4 

1 0 0 1
 9 1 1 5  12. If I   0 1  ,E   0 0  , then (aI  bE )3 
5. If A    ,B    and 3A+5B+2X=0    
 4 3 6 11 1) aI  bE 2) a 3 I  b 3 E
then X= 3) a 3 I  3ab 2 E 4) a 3 I  3a 2 bE
16 14   16 14 
1)   2)   0 1
 21 32   21 32  13. If A    then A2016 
1 0 
 16 14   16 14  1) I 2) 0 3) A 4) A2
3)   4)  
 21 32   21 32  1 
3
MULTIPLICATION OF MATRICES 14. If P =   , Q = 2  1 5 , then PQ =
 4 
a h g  x  2 1 5
    2 
 15 
6. The order of [x y z] h b f   y is 1)  6 3
2) 2  3 20 3)
  3
  4) 19
g f c   z   8 4 20   20 
1) 3 × 1 2) 1 × 1 3) 1 × 3 4) 3 × 3
o c  b a2 ab ac
i 0  c o  
7. If A   0 then A2 = a  2
ab b bc
  i  15. If A =  and B =
 b  a o  ac bc c2 
 
1 0   1 0 1 0  1 0 
1)  0  1 2)  0  3) 0  4)  0 1 then AB =
    1  1   1) A 2) B 3) I 4) O

PINEGROVE 159
 MATRICES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS VOL-I

TRACE OF MATRIX SYMMETRIC, SKEW SYMMETRIC &

16. If Tr (A) = 2+i  Tr [(2-i)A] = SPECIAL TYPES OF MATRICES
1) 2+i 2) 2-i 3) 3 4) 5  x  7
17 If Tr (A) = 8 , Tr(B) = 6,  Tr (A - 2B) = 25. A    is a skew-symmetric matrix,
1) -4 2) 4 3) 2 4) 11 7 y 
PROBLEMS BASED ON INDUCTION then ( x, y ) 
n 1) (1,-1) 2) (7,-7) 3) (0,0) 4)(14,-14)
 2 -1   1 0 
18.   =  if ‘n’ is 1 6
 3 -2   0 1  26.   =P+Q, where P is a symmetric & Q is
1) odd 2) any natural number 7 2
3) even 4) not possible a skew-symmetric then P=
3  4  13   13 
19. If A  1 then AP where P  N is 1  1 
  1  2 2
1) 13  2)  13 
 2  2 
 2 P 4 P  1 2P  4P  2   2 
1)   2)  P 1  2P
 P 1  2P  
 1
1   0 13 
1  2 p 4  2 2
3)
1  2 P
 P
 4P
4)   3) 1  4) 13 0 
  P    p 1  2 p

2
2 
  2 

1 1   2 
20. If A=  1 1  , n  N then An = 27. If A =  2  then A is
 
     
1) 2n-1A 2) 2nA 3) nA 4)2n
1) an idempotent matrix 2) nilpotent matrix
TRANSPOSE AND PROPERTIES OF 3) an orthogonal matrix 4) symmetric
TRANSPOSE OF MATRIX DETERMINANT AND ITS PROPERTIES
21. If O  A  2  3, O  B   3  2 , and
a b c
O  C   3  3 , which one of the following is not  
28. If A  b c a then cofactor of a21 is
defined c a b
1) CB  AT 2) BAC
1) b2 - ac 2) ac - b2 3) a2-bc 4) bc-a2
T T T
3) C ( A  B ) 4) C ( A  B )
1 4 x y
22. If the order of A is 4 × 3, the order of B is 29. If A  2 8 and B   y x then the cofactor
4 × 5 and the order of C is 7 × 3, then the    
of a 21
in AB is
order of ( AT B )T C T is
1)  y  4 x 2) y  4 x 3) 2 x  8 y 4)  2 x  8 y
1) 4 × 5 2) 3 × 7 3) 4 × 3 4) 5 ×7
 1 2 2 2 45 55
  Det 1 29 32  .....
23. If 3 A   2  1 2  then 30.  
 2 2  1 3 68 87

1) AAT  AT A  I 2) AAT  AT A   I 1) 45 2) 64 3) 54 4) 32
3) AAT  AT A  0 4) AAT  AT A  A 1990 1991 1992
24. Which of the following is not true, if A and B 1991 1992 1993
are two matrices each of order n  n , then 31. det  =
1992 1993 1994
1) ( A  B)T  AT  BT 2) ( A  B)T  AT  BT
1)1992 2) 1993 3) 1994 4) 0
3) ( AB)T  AT BT 4) ( ABC )T  C T BT AT

160 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS VOL-I MATRICES

2
b  c  a2 b2 1 x 2 3
b2 (c  a ) 2 b2 40. If 1 2 x 3  0 then x 
32.
c2 c2 (a  b) 2 1 2 3 x
1) 1 2) -1 3) -6 4) 6
  abc (a  b  c)3 then  ....
1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) 3 1 log b a
2 41. log b  .....
33. If 1,  ,  are the cube roots of unity then a 1
1  2 1) ab 2) b/a 3) a/b 4) 0
 2 1
= ..... x2 2x  3 3x  4
2 1 
1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) -1 42. If 2 x  3 3 x  4 4 x  5  0 then x 
a b pq x y 3 x  5 5 x  8 10 x  17
bc qr yz  1) 1, 2 2) 1,2 3) 1, 2 4) 1, 2
34.
ca r p zx ADJOINT OF A MATRIX
1) 0 2) 1 3) abc 4) xyz 1 4 
x  y  2z x y 43. If P   2 6  , then adj ( P) 
 
z y  z  2x y
35. =  1 4  6  4
z x z  x  2y 1)   2)  
2 6  2 1 
1) ( x  y  z )3 2) 2( x  y  z )3
 6  2 2 1
3) x  y  z 4) ( x  y  z ) 2 3)   4)  
36. If A,B,C are the angles of triangle ABC,  4 1   6 4
sin 2 A sin C sin B 44. If A3x3 and det A = 5 then det (adj A) =
sin A  1) 5 2) 25 3) 125 4) 1/5
then sin C sin 2 B
45. If A is a square matrix such that
sin B sin A sin 2 C
A adj  A  diag  k , k , k  then adjA 
3 3
1) 1 2) 0 3) -1 4) 1) k 2) k 2 3) k 3 4) k 4
8
 0 pq p  r INVERSE OF A MATRIX
 q  r 
37. Det  q  p 0
=  7 3 3
 r  p rq 0  1 1 0 
46. The inverse of the matrix   is
1) (p-q) (q-r) (r-p) 2) 0 1 0 1 
3) pqr 4) 4 pqr
(x  2)2 ( x  1) 2 x2 (EAM-2008)
( x  1) 2 x2 ( x  1) 2 1 1 1   1 3 1
38. =
x2 ( x  1) 2 ( x  2)2    
1) 8 2) 16 3) -8 4) -16
1) 3 4 3  2)  4 3 8
3 3 4   3 4 1
1 2 x 
 
39. If  4 1 7 
is a singular matrix, 1 1 1  1 3 3 
2 4  6     
 3) 3 3 4  4) 1 4 3 
then x  (EAM-2007) 3 4 3  1 3 4 
1) 0 2) 1 3) -3 4) 3

PINEGROVE 161
 MATRICES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS VOL-I

 2 2  0 1  1 1 1 
47. If A=   B =  then (B-1 A-1)-1 =  
 3 2  1 0  54. The rank of  1 1 1 is :
 1 1 1 
 2 2   2 2   2 2   2 2 
1)   2)   3)   4)   1) 0 2)1 3)2 4) 3
 3 2   2 3   2 3   2 3 
1 2 3 1 
  1 2 2 4 6 2
48. The matrix A is such that A   = 55. The Rank of   is
 3 1 1 2 3 2 
 4 1 1) 1 2) 2 3) 0 4) 3
 7 7  then A =
  SOLUTION OF SIMULTANEOUS
1 1   1 1 1  1  1 1 EQUATION NON HOMOGENEOUS
1)   2)   3)   4)   LINEAR EQUATIONS
 2  3   2 3  2 3   2 3
49. If A is a 3×3 non singular matrix and 56. The number of solutions of the equations
x
adjA  A , adj (adjA) = A y , A1 = A z , then 2 x  3 y  5 , x  2 y  7 is ....
1) 1 2) 2 3) 4 4) 0
the values of x, y, z in descending order..
57. If the system of equations x  y  z  6 ,
1) x, y, z 2) z , y, x 3) z , x, y 4) y, x, z
x  2 y   z  0 , x  2 y  3z  10 has no
9 0 0 
  1
solution, then  =
50. If A  0 10 0 , then A  1) 2 2) 3 3) 4 4) 5
0 0 8 
58. The equations x  4 y  2 z  3,
1
0 0

9 0 0 3x  y  5 z  7, 2 x  3 y  z  5 have
9
 0 10  1  1) A unique solution 2) Infinite number of solutions
0 0 0
1)  1 2)  10  3) No solution 4) Two solutions
0 0  0 0 8 
 8    59. If x  y  z  1 , ax  by  cz  k ,
1  a 2 x  b 2 y  c 2 z  k 2 has unique solution then
  9 0 0
9 0 0   
x  .......
1
0 10 0  0 0 (k  b)(c  k ) (k  c )(a  k )
3)  1 4)  10  1) 2)
0 0  0 1 (a  b)(c  a) (b  c )(c  a)
 8 0
 8 
(k  a )(b  k )
51. If the value of a third order determinant is 11, 3) 4) ( k  a)(k  b)(k  c )
(b  c )(c  a)
then the value of the determinant of A1 
1) 11 2) 121 3) 1/11 4) 1/121 60. Solution of the system of equations
2 3 10 4 6 5
cos   sin  0     4 ,    1,
x y z x y z
52. If A   sin  cos  0  then ( AdjA)1 
 0 0 1  6 9 20
   2, ( x, y , z ) 
1) I 2) A 3)  A 4) 0 x y z
RANK OF A MATRIX 1) (1,2,3) 2) (2,3,5) 3) (3,2,5) 4) (5,3,2)
61. Consider the system of linear equations:
 1 2 5  x1  2 x2  x3  3 ; 2 x1  3 x2  x3  3
 4 a  4 
53. The rank of the matrix  2 is 3 x1  5 x2  2 x3  1 . The system has [AIE-2010]
 1 2 a  1 
1) Infinite number of solutions
1)3 if a  6 2)1 if a  6 2) Exactly three solutions
3)3 if a  2 4) 2 if a  6 3) A unique solution 4) No solution

162 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I MATRICES

62. If the system of equations 2 x  3 y  4 z  0 ,  A  BA   A2  AB  A2  A  A2

5 x  2 y  z  0 , 21x  8 y  az  0 has similarly B  B 2
infinity solutions then a 
2
1) -5 2) -4 3) 2 4) 4 11. A2  2 A  1   A  I 
63. The real value of 'a' for which the 12. find aI , bE
e q u a t i o n s ax  y  z  0 ,  x  ay  z  0 ,
13. A2  I  A2016  ( A2 )1013  I
 x  y  az  0 have non-zero solution is
1) 1 2) 0 3) -1 4) all the above 14. PQ  3  3 matrix
64. If the system of equations 15. find AB
2 x  3ky  (3k  4) z  0 16. Tr  2  i  A   2  i  Tr  A 
x  ( k  4) y  (4k  2) z  0 ,
  2  i  2  i   5
x  2( k  4) y  (3k  4) z  0
has non trivial solution then k = 17. Tr  A  2 B   Tr  A   2Tr  B 
1)-8 or 1/2 2) 8 or -1/2 3)-4 or 1/2 4) 4 or -1/2 18. verify
EXERCISE - I (H.W)-KEY 19. put P = 2
01) 2 02) 3 03) 2 04) 4 05) 3 06) 2 07) 2 20. put n = 3.
08) 2 09) 1 10) 2 11) 1 12) 4 13) 1 14) 1 21. O  A  2  3, O  B   3 2, O  C   3  3
15) 4 16) 4 17) 1 18) 3 19) 2 20) 1 21) 4
22) 4 23) 1 24) 3 25) 3 26) 1 27) 2 28) 2  O  BT   2  3  O  A  B T   2  3
29) 1 30) 3 31) 4 32) 3 33) 1 34) 1 35) 2
36) 2 37) 2 38) 3 39) 3 40) 3 41) 4 42) 1 C  A  BT  is not defined as number of rows of
43) 2 44) 2 45) 2 46) 4 47) 2 48) 3 49) 4
C  number of columns of  A  B  .
T
50) 4 51) 3 52) 2 53) 2 54) 4 55) 2 56) 1
57) 2 58) 3 59) 1 60) 2 61) 4 62) 1 63) 2 23. Find AAT and AT A we get AAT  AT A  I
64) 1 25. AT   A
EXERCISE - I(H.W)-HINTS
 A  AT 
1 1 1 26. p   
1. aij   3i  2 j   a11  , a12   2 
2 2 2
and a21  2, a22  1 27. A2  0

a a  1/ 2 1/ 2  b c
 A   aij    11 12   A   28.  1
22
 a21 a22   2 1  a b
2. Equating corresponding elements 29. find AB and then cofactors
30. applying C3  C3  C2
2 3
3. 2X  
2 5  after that C2  C2  3C3 and expand
4. Additive inverse of matrix A is - A 31. Use R2  R2  R1 , R3  R3  R1
1 32. put a  b  c  1 find 
5. X  3 A  5B 
2 33. Applying C1  C1  C2  C3
6. 1 3  3  3  3 1  11 34. R1  R1  R 2  R3
7. 2
A  A. A 35. x  y  z  1
8. A  3 I , A4  34 I  81I  27 A 36. put A  B  C  600
9. Using matrix multiplication 37. Det of odd order skew-symmetric matrix is 0
10. AB  A   AB  A  A2

PINEGROVE 163
 MATRICES JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I

38. put x = 0 and simplify

EXERCISE- II (C.W)
39. If A is singular matrix A  0
40. expand ALGEBRA OF MATRICES
41. expand
42. Substitute options and verify 3 2 
1. For the matrix A    , the values of
 6 4  1 1 
43. adjP    ‘a’ and ‘b’ such that A2  aA  bI  O are
 2 1 
1) 2,3 2) 1,4 3) -4,1 4) -2,3
n 1
44. adjA  A  52  25
2 2 2
45. A( AdjA)  A I A   2 2 2 
2. If then A3  35 A 
AdjA  2 2 2 
1
46. A 
det A 1) A 2) 2A 3) 3A 4) 4A
1
0 0 x 
47. B 1
A1   AB
A  0 x 0 , A100 
48. AB  C  B  A1C 3.
 x 0 0 
2
49. x  n  1, y   n  1 , z  1
 0 0 x100 x100 0 0 
   
adjA 0 x100 0  0 x100 0 
1
50. A  A 1)  100 2) 
x 0 0   0 0 x100
  
1
51. A 1   o x100 o 
A    o x100 o 
 o o x100   100 
 x o o 
1 A 3)  x100 o o  4)
 adjA    o o x100 
52. A 
0 0
53. C1 , C2 are proportional there fore rank A<3 4. If A=   then the value of
1 1
54. det A  0
A  A2  A3  ......  An 
55. every 3x3 submatrices of A is singular .
56. 1) A 2) nA 3)  n  1 A 4) 0
det A  0
57. 5. The number of 2  2 matrices that can be
det A  0
formed by using 1,2,3,4 when repetitions are
58. Rank of A  Rank AD
allowed is
1 1) 24 2) 12 3) 6 4) 256
59. using Cramers rule  x 
 SPECIAL TYPES OF MATRICES,
60. Verification SYMMETRIC & SKEW-SYMMETRIC
61. Rank of A  Rank AD
MATRICES
62. det A=0
x
a 1 1 6.  2

If 3 x  10 xy  5 y  x y A , and A is a
2

 y
1 a 1  0  a  0
63. symmetric matrix then A =
1 1 a
 3 10 10 3    3  5 3 5
64. det A =0 we get 2k  15k  8  0 2 1)   2)   3)  5  5 4) 5 5
10 5   5 10    

164 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I MATRICES

7. A square matrix A is said to be nilpotent of

index m. If Am  0 now, if for this A, xn x n2 x n3
n
 I  A  A2  A3  ...  Am 1 , then
yn y n2 y n3
 I  A 14. If
n is equal to zn z n2 z n3
1) 0 2) m 3) -m 4) -1
8. Let A be the set of all 3  3 skew-symmetric 1 1 1
  x  y  y  z  z  x      then
matrices whose entries are either 1, 0, or 1 if x y z
there are exactly three 0’s, three 1’s then the value of n is
number of such matrices is 1) -1 2) -2 3) 1 4) 2
1) 3 2) 6 3) 8 4) 9 0 cos x  sin x
2
1 a a
9. The maximum number of different possible sin x 0 cos x   a 1 a
non-zero entries in a skew-symmetric 15. If then a =
cos x sin x 0 a a 1
matrix of order ‘n’ is
1) sin x 2) cos x
1 2 1 2
1)  n  n  2)  n  n  3) sin x .cos x 4) sinx-cos x
2 2
a b c 6a 2b 2c
3) n 2 4)  n 2  n 
m n p 3m n p
16 If = k, then = 1) k/6
DETERMINANTS x y z 3x y z
10. If r 2  a 2  b 2  c 2 ; s 2  ab  bc  ca then 2) 2k 3) 3k 4) 6k
r2 s2 s2 ab bc ca
s2 r2 s2  17. If c  a a  b b  c  t  det of circulant
2 2 2
s s r bc ca ab
1) 3abc - a3-b3-c3 2) a3+b3+c3+3abc matrix whose elements of first column are
3) (3abc-a3-b3-c3)2 4) 0 a, b, c then ' t ' equals
 Cos Sin  1 n 1) 5 2) 6 3) -2 4) 2
11. If A=   then nLt | A |= 18. If x, y, z are integers in A.P lying between 1
  Sin Cos   n
and 9 and x15, y 41 and z 31 are three digit
1
1) I 2)0 3)A 4) A 5 4 3
n
x51 y 41 z 31
 k k  1 numbers,then the value of is:
12. I f AK    t h e n x y z
k  1 k 
1) x  y  z 2) x  y  z 3) 0 4) x  2 y  z
A1  A2  ....  A2015 
19. If the entries in a 3  3 determinant are either
1) 0 2) 2015 3) (2015) 2 4) (2015)3 0 or 1, then the greatest value of their
determinants is
 6 11
13. Matrix A is given by A    then the 1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 9
2 4  th th th
20. If a, b, c are the p , q , r terms in H.P. then
determinant of A2015  6 A2014 is
bc p 1
1) 22016 2)  11 22015
ca q 1
=
3) 2 2015
7 4)  9  22014 ab r 1
1) 1 2) 0 3) abc 4) a 2  b 2  c 2

PINEGROVE 165
 MATRICES JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I

3 5 x 27. If a, b, c  0 and x, y , z  R then the

determinant :
21. If one of the roots of 7 x 7  0 is -10, then
x 5 3 2 2

the other roots are [EAM-2009] a x

 ax  a x
 ax  1
2 2
1) 3,7 2) 4,7 3) 3,9 4) 3,4
b y
 b y  b y
 b y  1
is equal to :
x a b 1
z 2 z 2
 x b 1 c z
c  c z
c  1
0
22. The roots of   x 1 are
1) a x b y c z 2) a  x b  y c  z 3)0 4) a 2 x b 2 y c 2 z
  v 1
independent of : 1  cos  1  sin  1
1)  ,  , v 2) a, b 3)  ,  , v, a, b 4) 0,a 28. If A  1  cos  1  sin  1  0, then
23. If [ . ] denotes the greatest integer less than 1 1 1
or equal to the real number under consider-
ation, and 1  x  0 ; 0  y  1 ; 1  z  2 , 1)    2)     n , n being any integer
then the value of the determinant 3)      / 2 4)      / 2
x  1  y z 29. If  is a cube root of unity then
x  y   1  z  is
a b c
x  y z1
b c a
1)  x  2)  y  3)  z  4)  x   y    z  has a factor
c a b
24. If  is the repeated root of quadratic equa-
tion f ( x)  0 and A( x), B ( x) and C ( x ) are 1) a  b  c 2 2) a-b-c
polynomials of degree 3,4 and 5 respectivelty,
3) a  b 2  c 4) a+b-c
then
Ax B x C x 1 1 1
  x   A   B   C   4 4 1 a a2
is 30. If a = cos + i sin then =
1
A   1
B   C 1
  3 3 1 a2 a
divisible by
1) purely real 2) purely imaginary
1) f  x  2) A  x  3) B  x  4) C  x  3) complex number 4) rational
1 n n p b c
2 2
Dk  2k n n2 n n
25. If and a q c 0
2k  1 n2 n2  n  2 31. a  p, b  q, c  r and then
a b r
n

D k  48 , then ' n ' equals p q r

k 1 the value of p  a  q  b  r  c 
1) 4 2) 6 3) 8 4) 10
ax c b
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) c

26. If a  b  c  0 and c bx a 0

then p q y rz
b a cx
32. If p  x q rz 0
then the value
x px q y r
3 2
1) 0 2)
2
 a  b2  c 2  p q r
  is
of
x y z
3 2 3 2
3) 
2
 a  b2  c 2  4) 0, 
2
a  b2  c2  1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) 4 pqr

166 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I MATRICES

38. With the usual notation in a

a1 b1 c1
1 1 1
33. If  = a 2 b2 c 2 and
ABC , sin A sin B sin C 
a3 b3 c3
sin 2 A sin 2 B sin 2 C
a1  pb1 b1  qc1 c1  ra1 1
1) ( a  b)(b  c )(c  a ) 2) 8R 3
a  pb2 b2  qc2 c2  ra2 8R3
1 = 2 then 1 =
a3  pb3 b3  qc3 c3  ra3 3) ( a  b)(b  c )(c  a )
1)  (1+pqr) 2)  (1+p+q+r) 1
4) ( a  b)(a  c )(b  a )
3)  (1-pqr) 4)  8R
2 3 cos  1 0
1  x  1  x  1  x 
4 5 6 f    1 2 cos  1
1  x  1  x  1  x  39. If then range
34. If 7 8 9
0 1 2 cos 
1  x  1  x  1  x 
of f   is
2
 a0  a1 x  a2 x  ....... , then, a1 is equal to
 1
1) 1 2) 2 3) 0 4) 3 1)  0,1 2)  1, 0 3)  1,1 4) 0, 
 2
y4 y5 y6 ADJOINT MATRIX
n
d (cosx) y y y  ....
35. If y = cosx, yn  then 7 8 9 40. If A and B are square matrices of same order
dxn y10 y11 y12 and A is non -singular, then for a positive
n
1) 0 2) -cosx 3) cosx 4) sin x integer ‘n’,  A1 BA  is equal to
36. The value of the determinant
1) A n B n An 2) An B n A n
3) A1 B n A 4) n  A1 BA 
sin  cos  sin 2
41. If A is orthogonal matrix of order 3 then
 2
 cos    2  sin  2  4 
sin         det  adj 2 A 
 3   3   3  is
1) 4 2) 16 3) 27 4) 64
 2  cos    2  sin  2  4 
sin        
 3   3   3  1  3
P  1 3 3
1) 0 2) sin  42. If   is the adjoint of a 3  3
 2 4 4 
3) cos  4) sin   cos 
37. If a, b, c are sides of a triangle matrix A and A  4 , then  is equal to
a2 b2 c2 1) 11 2) 5 3) 0 4) 4
[AIE-2013]
(a  1)2 (b  1) 2 (c  1) 2  0
and then INVERSE MATRIX
(a  1) 2 (b  1) 2 (c  1) 2
1)  1 1 1   4 2 2
 ABC is equilateral    
2)  ABC is right angled isosceles
43. Let A   2 1 3 and 10B  5 0   .
 1 1 1   1 2 3 
3)  ABC is isosceles
4)  ABC is a right angle If B is the inverse of A, then  is :
1) -2 2) -1 3) 2 4) 5

PINEGROVE 167
 MATRICES JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I

44. A is an involutary matrix given by SOLUTIONS OF SIMULTANEOUS

0 1 1 EQUATION
A  4 3 4  A 48. If A, B, C are the angles of a triangle, the sys-
then the inverse of will be tem of equations, (sin A) x  y  z  cos A
3 3 4  2
x  (sin B ) y  z  cos B
A1 A x  y  (sin C ) z  1  cos C has
1) 2A 2) 3) 4) A2
2 2 1) no solution
2) unique solution
a b
45. If A    then A1  ( A  aI )( A  cI )  3) infinitely many solutions
0 c  4) finitely many solutions
49. The number of values of k, for which the
1 a b 1  a b 
1) 2) system equations ( k  1) x  8 y  4k ,
ac  0  c  ac  0 c 
kx  (k  3) y  3k  1 has no solution , is
1  c b  1 c b  [AIE-2013]
3) 4)
ac 0 a  ac 0 a  1)1 2) 2 3) 3 4) Infinite
50. The system of equations x  y  z  6 ,
 cos   sin  0 x  2 y  3 z  10 , x  2 y   z  k is i n -
 0 
46. Let A   sin  cos  consistent if   ....., k  ..........
 0 0 1  1) 3,7 2) 3,10 3) 7,10 4) 10,3
51. The values of ‘m’ for which the system of equa-
I) A A  A   II) A B  A tions 3x  my  m and 2 x  5 y  20 has a solu-
III) ( A ) 1   A IV) ( A ) 1  A tion satisfying the conditions x  0 , y  0 are
Then which of the above statements is / are given by the set.
correct 1) m \ m  13 / 2
1) only II and III 2) only II and IV
2) m \ m  17 / 2
3) only I and III 4) only I and IV
3) m \ m  13 / 2 or m  17 / 2
2 6 4
  4) m  30 or m  15 / 2
47. If the product of the matrix B   1 0 1 
 1 1 1 52. If the system of equations
3 3 3
 1 0 1  k  1 x   k  2  y   k  3 ,
with a matrix A has inverse C   1 1 3  (k  1) x  ( k  2) y  k  3, x  y  1
 2 0 2  is consistent, then the value of k is[E-2010]
then A1  1) 2 2) -2 3) -1 4) 1
53. Let  and  be real. The set of all values of
 3 5 5   3 5 5   for which the system of linear equations
   
1)  0 9 14  2)  0 0 9   x   sin   y   cos   z  0,
 2 2 6   2 14 16 
x   cos   y   sin   z  0 ,
 3 5 5   3 3 5
  0 9 2  x   sin   y   cos   z  0
3)  0 9 2  4)   has a non trival solution is
 2 14 6   2 14 16 
1) 0, 2  2)  2, 0 3)  2, 2 4) 1, 2 

168 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I MATRICES

54. If the equations 6. Verification

(b  c ) x  (c  a ) y  (a  b) z  0 ; 7. Let B  I  A  A2  .... Am 1
cx  ay  bz  0 ; ax  by  cz  0  B  I  A    I  A  A2  ...  Am 1 
have non-zero solutions then a relation among
a, b, c is
 I  A   1  Am  I
1
1) a  b  c  0 2) a  2b  3c  B   I  A   n  1
3) a  b  c ( 0) 4) a  2b  3c  0 8. In a skew-symmetric matrix, and diagonal
elements are zero.
55. Given that a 2  2b  c  0 and that the
0  
system of equations [EAM-2012]  0  
 a  b  x  ay  bz  0 ,  also aij  a ji  0 Hence, number of
   0 
 b  c  x  by  cz  0 matrices  2  2  2  8
9. Let n = 3
 a  b  y   b  c  z  0 has a non trivial 10. Put a = 0,b = 1, c = 2 and verify the options
solution, then a, b, c are in 1
11. det A = 1, nLt 0
1) A.P 2) G.P 3) H.P 4) A.G.P  n

56. If the equations a  y  z   x, b  z  x   y, 12. Ak   2 K  1

c  x  y   z have nontrivial solutions, then 2014

13. A2015  6 A2014  A A  6I 
1 1 1
   0 11 2015
1 a 1 b 1 c 22014   22  22014  11 2 
1) 1 2) 2 3) -1 4) -2 2 2
EXERCISE - II (C.W)-KEY 14. Order of determinant is
01) 3 02) 1 03) 2 04) 2 05) 4 06) 4 07) 4 n  n  2  n  3  3n  5 Order of R.H.S =
1+1+1-1=2
08) 3 09) 4 10) 3 11) 2 12) 3 13) 2 14) 1
15) 3 16) 4 17) 3 18) 3 19) 2 20) 2 21) 1  3n  5  2  3n  3  n  1
22) 2 23) 3 24) 1 25) 1 26) 4 27) 3 28) 2 0 cos x sin x 0 sin x cos x
29) 1 30) 2 31) 2 32) 3 33) 1 34) 3 35) 1
15. LHS  sin x 0 cos x cos x 0 sin x  A  AT  
36) 1 37) 3 38) 1 39) 3 40) 3 41) 4 42) 1 cos x sin x 0 sin x cos x 0
43) 4 44) 1 45) 3 46) 4 47) 3 48) 2 49) 1
50) 2 51) 4 52) 2 53) 3 54) 3 55) 2 56) 2 16. Take out ‘3’ from C1 and ‘2’ from R1  Det  6k
17. We know that
EXERCISE - II (C.W)-HINTS
ab bc ca a b c
2 11 8
1. A   c  a a  b b  c  2 b c a
 4 3
bc ca ab c a b
12 12 12   72 72 72 
 t  2
A  12 12 12  , A   72 72 72 
2   3
2. 18. Put x = 5, y = 4, z = 3
12 12 12   72 72 72  19. Keep least of given values in principal diagonal,
highest of given values in other places.
0 0 x   x100 0 0 
  0 1 1
A   0 x 0   A100   0 x100
0 
3.
 x 0 0   0 0 x100   1 0 1 2

1 1 0
4. A2  A3  A4  ........  A
1 1 1 1
4 4 20. , , are in A.P ,  A  ( P  1) D
5. 4 a b c a
 4 

PINEGROVE 169
 MATRICES JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I

1 1 26. R1  R1  R2  R3
 A  (q  1) D ,  A  (r  1) D
b c abc x abc x abc x
1  c bx a 0
p 1
bc p 1 a b a cx
1 1
ca q 1 q 1 0 1 1 1
abc b
ab r 1 a  b  c  x c bx a 0
1
r 1 b a cx
c
 a  b  c  x   0 or ab  bc  ca  a 2  b 2  c 2  x 2  0
21. R1  R1  R2  R3 and take common 10+x
22. Operate 3 2
x  0, 
2
 a  b2  c2 
R1  R1  R2 , R2  R2  R3 , R3  R3  R4 , we
27. Operate C1  C1  C2
x ax 0 0
x 2 x 2
0 x bx 0
0
4 a  a 
x
1 1 a  a 
x
1
get 0 0 x  0 on expanding y 2 y 2
   1
4 b  b 
y
1 41 b  b 
y
1 0

we get  x    x    x    0  Roots are 4 c  c 

x z
1 1 c  c 
x z
1
independent of a, b. 28. Expanding the det, we get
23. [ x ] = - 1, [y] = 0 , [z] = 1
sin(   )  0   n   ; n  Z
0 0 1 29. a  b  c , 1     2  0 a  b  c 2  0
1 1 1 since   0
Det = = 1 = [z]
1 0 2 3 0 0
24. f( x ) = a ( x -  )2 a  0 2
aw  1 a a 2  3(a 2  a)
30.
A() B() C() 1 a2 a
A() B() C()  0
(  ) = 31. R1  R2 ; R3  R1
A1 () B1 () C1 ()
32. R1  R2 ; R2  R3 we get
i. e  is a root of  ( x )
x y 0
A1() B1() C1()
 0 y z  0
A() B() C()  0  0  0
 ( ) =
1
px q y r
A1() B1() C1()
 1 ()  (x  ) 2  (x)  pyz  qzx  rxy  2 xyz  p  q  r  2
x y z
Where  (x) is a polynomial of maximum degree 3
33. Split 1
(x)  f (x)  (x) 34. Differentiate both sides with respect to ‘x’ and put
n n n
x = 0, we get a1=0
25. 1 n ,
k 1
 2k  n(n  1),  (2k 1)  n 2
k 1 k 1
35. Two rows are identical
Exp = 36. Applying R2  R2  R3
n n n
sin  cos  sin 2
n(n  1) n 2  n  2 n2  n  48
n2 n2 n2  n  2  sin   cos   sin 2 0
By C2  C2 - C1
C3  C3  C1 , n ( 2n + 4 ) = 48  n = 4
    
sin  
2
3
cos  
2
3
sin 2 
4
3

170 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I MATRICES

37. R2  R2  R1  can be zero and remaining + ve. Then   0 .

Hence unique solution.
a2 b2 c2 49. For no solution
 4a 4b 4c k 1 8 4k
2 2 2
  .............(1)
 a  1  b  1  c  1 k k  3 3k  1
  k  1 k  3  8k  0
 2  a  b  b  c  c  a 
38. use sinerule that is a = 2R sinA, b = 2R sinB, or k 2  4k  3  0  k  1,3
c = 2R sinC. But for k= 1, equation (1) is not satisfied Hence
k=3
39. f    cos 3  range of f is  1,1
2 1 1 1: 6  1 1 1: 6 
40.  A1BA   A1BA A1BA  A1B 2 A  
A.B  1 2 3:10  0 1 
50 
2: 4 
n 1
41. adj  2 A   43 A  64 1  64 1 2  : k  0 0   3: k 10

1  3 R2  R2  R1 , R3  R3  R2
P  1 3 3 2
Given System is in consistent
42.   , Adj A  A , Adj A  16
 2 4 4  rank  A  rank  B . Hence K  10,   3

112  12     4  6   3  4  6   16 3 m
51.    15  2m
2 5
2  6  16 ,   11
43. AB = I m m 3 m
1 1 1   25m ,  2   60  2m
44. A2  I  A  A1 also  KA   A
1 20 5 2 20
K 15
1 If   0 , m  and system of equations is in
1  1 2
Hence  A   2 A  2 A consistent
 2 
By cramer ’s rule x  0, y  0  m  30
45. A   I  0     aI    cI   0
15
1 adjA or m  
 A aI  A  cI   0  A  2
det A 3 3 3
46. I and IV are true.  k  1  k  2   k  3
47. BA  C 1 , A  B 1C 1 k 1 k 2 k  3  0  k  2
52.
1 0 1 2 6 4  1 1 1
A  1  C B   1 1 3  1
 0 1 
 2 0 2    1 1  1 
53. det A=0    sin 2  cos 2

sin A 1 1 Range of  is   2, 2 

48. Hint :  1 sin B 1 by bc ca ab

1 1 sin C c a b 0a b c
54.
C2  C2  C1 and C3  C3  C1 a b c
Expanding along C3 we get
a  b a b
 = SinA ( 1 - sinB ) ( 1 - SinC) + ( 1 - sinA )
( 1 - sinB) + (1 - sinA ) ( 1 - SinC ) A  0  b  c b c 0
55.
Since A, B, C are angles of a triangle 0<SinA, SinB, 0 a  b b  c
SinC  1
Also at most one of SinA, SinB, SinC can be R3  R3   R1  R2   b 2  ac
equal to 1 . Then atmost two terms of

PINEGROVE 171
 MATRICES JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I

1 a a  cos 2  cos  sin  

4. If A    and
b 1 b  0  cos  sin  sin 2  
56.
c c 1
 cos 2  cos  sin  
C2  C2  C1 , C3  C3  C1 gives B 
 cos  sin  sin 2  
1 a 1 a 1 are two matrices such that the product AB is
b   b  1 0 0 the null matrix then    
c 0  1  c  1) 0 2) multiple of 
R1 R R3 3) an odd multiple of  /2 4) can not be determind
 R1 , 2  R2 ,  R3 gives 5. If A,B are two square matrices such that
a 1 b 1 c 1 n
1 AB=B; BA=A and n  N then  A  B  =
1 1
a 1
1) 2n  A  B  2) 2n 1  A  B 
b
1 0  0
b 1 3) 2n 1  A  B  4) 2n /2  A  B 
c
0 1 6. The number of 2  2 matrices that can be
c 1
formed by using 1, 2,3, 4 without repetition is
1 b c
Expandign by C1 ,   0 1) 24 2) 12 3) 6 4) 256
a 1 b 1 c 1
SPECIAL TYPES OF MATRICES,
1 b c
 1 1 0 SYMMETRIC & SKEW SYMMERTIC
a 1 b 1 c 1
1 1 1 MATRICES
  2
a 1 b 1 c 1 1 3 0
1 0  2
EXERCISE - II (H.W) 7. If  = A+B where A is
 4  4 4 
ALGEBRA OF MATRICES symmetric matrix and B is skew - symmetric
then A - B =
 1  3  4
A   1 3 4  1 1  4  2 1 3
1. and A2   I then      1 2 4
 1  3  4 1) 3 0  4 2)  
0  2 4   3  1 2 
1) 0 2) 1 3) 1/2 4) -2
 0 1  1  2  3 0
 2  2  1   2   2 3 4 0 1 2
2. If  2 2
 A 2  B  C 3)   4)  
1    3 1     4 1 2  2 4 0
where A,B,C are matrices then B + C =
 2 4
 1 1 1 1  1 1  1 1 8. If   is an nilpotent matrix of index ‘2’
1)   2)   3)   4)    1 k 
 4 1   4 1   4 1  4 1 
then k=
 0 x 1) 2 2) -2 3) 3 4) -3
3. If A    and A3  A  O then 9. If A is 3x3 non-singular matrix that
 y 0
AAT  AT A and B  A 1AT , then BBT is
1 equal to (AIEEE-2014)
1) xy = 0 2) xy  3) xy = -1 4) xy =1
2 T
1) I  B  
2) I 3) B1 4) B1

172 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I MATRICES

DETERMINANTS 17. If f (x) = tan x and A, B, C are the angles of

10. If A and B are square matrices of order ABC , then
3 such that A  1 , B  3 then 3AB  f ( A) f ( / 4 ) f ( / 4 )
1) -9 2) -81 3) -27 4) 81 f ( / 4 ) f (B) f ( / 4 ) 
f ( / 4 ) f ( / 4 ) f (C )
x
a b c 2bc  a 2 c2 b2 1) 0 2) -2 3) 2 4) 1
b c a  c2 2ac  b 2 b2
11. If a12  b1  c1 a1a2  b2  c2 a1a3  b3  c3
c a b b2 a2 2ab  c 2
18. If 1  b1b2  c1 b22  c2 b2b3  c3
Then x  c3c1 c3c2 c32
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 1/2
a  b  nc (n  1)a (n  1)b a1 b1 c1
1
(n  1)c b  c  na (n  1)b  and  2  a2 b2 c2 , then  is equal to
12. 2
(n  1)c (n  1)a (c  a  nb) a3 b3 c3
1) n(a+b+c)2 2) n(a+b+c)3 1) a1b2c3 2) a1a2 a3
3) n3 (a+b+c) 4) n2 (a+b+c)2
3) a3 b2 c1
x 2 x
4) a1b1c1  a2b2c2  a3b3c3
x2 x 6
13. Let = ax 4  bx 3  cx 2  dx  e , then
x x 6 a ab abc
19. Let  = 3a 4a  3b 5a  4b  3c where
the value of 5a  4b  3c  2d  e is equal to
1) 0 2) -16 3) 16 4) -11 6a 9a  6b 11a  9b  6c
14. If A, B, C are the angles of a  ABC , then a=1, b=  and c=  2 then  =
1)  2) -  2 3) 1 4) -1
sin 2 A cot A 1
sin 2 B cot B 1  bc ca a b
sin 2 C cot C 1 b ' c ' c ' a ' a ' b '
20. If the determinant is
b '' c '' c '' a '' a '' b ''
a   b2  c 2 a   b2  c 2 a   b2  c 2
1) 2) 3) 4) 0
4 4R 2  16R 2  a b c
2 a bc d abcd expressible as m a ' b ' c ' , then the value
a bc d 2(a b)(c d) ab(c d) cd(a b) a '' b '' c ''
15.
abcd ab(c d) cd(a b) 2abcd of m is
1) -1 2) 0 3) 1 4) 2
1) abcd 2) 0 3) a+b+c+d 4) 1 21. Let t be a positive integer and
16. If x, y, z are all positive and are the p th , q th
2t  1 m2 1 co s 2  m 2 
and r th terms of a geometric progression re- t  m
ct 2m co s 2  m 
spectively, then the value of the determinant then the
1 m 1 co s  m 2 
log x p 1 m
log y q 1
[EAM-2009] value of 
t 0
t is equal to
log z r 1
1) 2m 2) 0 3) 2 m cos 2  2 m  4) m 2
1) log xyz 2) (p-1)(q-1)(r-1) 3) pqr 4) 0

PINEGROVE 173
 MATRICES JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I

10! 11! 12! D cos 2 x cos x sin x  sin x

22. If D  11! 12! 13! then 10!3 4  29. Let  ( x )  cos x sin x sin 2 x cos x
12! 13! 14! sin x  cos x 0
1) 2900 2) 2800 3) 2700 4) 2600  /2
1
23. The value of the determinant then   ( x)   ( x)  dx
0
equals
sin  co s  cos  cos   sin  sin 
1)  / 3 2)  / 2 3) 2 4) 3 / 2
sin  sin  c o s  sin  sin  co s 
is 30. If a1 b1 c1 , a 2 b2 c2 and a3 b3 c3 are 3 - digit
cos   sin  0

1) independent of  2) Independent of  c1 a1 b1
3) independent of  and  4) cannot be said even natural numbers and   c2 a2 b2 ,
x x x
c3 a3 b3
f x  x x x then  is
24. then 1) divisible by 2 but not necessarily by 4
x x x
2) divisible by 4 but not necessarily by 8
f  3x   f  x   3) divisible by 8 4) divisible by 25
 xn sin x cos x 
1) 3x 2 2) 6x 2 3) x 2 4) 9x 2  
25. The number of distinct real roots of   n   n 
31. If f  x   det n sin   cos    the value
  2   2 
sin x cos x cos x
2
cos x sin x cos x  0
 a a a3 
in the interval
cos x cos x sin x dn
of  f x  at x  0 is
  dx n
  x  is 1) -1 2) 0 3) 1 4) a6
4 4
ADJOINT MATRIX
1) 0 2) 2 3) 1 4) 3
32. A, B, C are cofactors of elements, a, b, c in
26. The sum of two non integral roots of
x 3 4  a b c
 2 4 7
5 x 5  0   then the value of (2A+4B+7C) is
is
4 2 x  1 0 3
1) 4 2) -4 3) -25 4) 25 equal to
a b a  b
1) 0 2) 2 3) -1 4) 4
b c b  c  0 1 2  1
27. If and  is not  
33. If A   1 1 2  then det  adj  adjA  is
a  b b  c 0

a root of ax 2  2bx  c  0 ,then  2  1 1 

4 3 2 1
1) a, b, c are in A.P 2) a, b, c are in G.P 1) 14  2) 14  3) 14  4) 14 
3) a, b, c are in H.P 4) a, b, c are in A.G..P 0 1  1
2 co s x 1 0 34. If A   2 1 3  ,then [ A( adjA) A1 ] A 

  3 2 1 
28. If f (x)  x  2 co s x 1 , then
2
 1 1
0 1 2 co s x 0  
6 6
 
f 1 ( )  3 0 0   6 0 0   1 1 1  1 0 0 
   
1) 2 0 3 0 2)  0 6 0  3)  3 6 2  4) 0 1 0 

 0 0 3  0 0 6   1 1 1  0 0 1 
1) 0 2) 2 3) 4)   6
2  2 3 6 

174 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I MATRICES

0 1 1 b  c ca b  a 41. If the trivial solution is the only solution of

1
 
35. If S  1 0 1 , A   c  b ca a  b  , the system of equations x  ky  z  0 ,
2
1 1 0  b  c ac a  b  kx  3 y  kz  0 , 3 x  y  z  0 . Then the set
of all values of k is
then SAS 1 
1) 2, 3 2) R  2
a 0 0 a 0 0
 0 b 0 1
0 b 0  3) R  2, 3 4) R  3
1)   2) 2 
 0 0 c   0 0 c  42. If the system of equations ax  y  z  0 ,
x  by  z  0 , x  y  cz  0( a , b, c  1)
a 0 0 a 0 0 has a non trivial solution then
2  0 b 0  3  0 b 0  1 1 1
3)  4)    
 0 0 c   0 0 c  1 a 1 b 1 c
1)1 2)1- 3)2 4)-2
 cos  sin  0 43. The system of equations
 0 
36. A( ,  )    sin  cos  (cos 2 ) x  4 y  3 z  0 , 2 x  7 y  7 z  0 has
 0 0 e   non trivial solution then
1 sin 3  2cos 2 
  A( ,  )   1)2 2)-2 3)0 4)1
1) A(  ,  ) 2) A(  ,   ) 44. If the system of linear equations
3) A( ,   ) 4) A( ,  ) x  2 y  3z   x , 3x  y  2 z   y ,
2 x  3 y  z   z has non trivial solution then
1 0 1
 
37. A   0 1 1   A 2  2 A  (EAM-2011) 1)6 212 3)18 4)16
 0 1 0  45. The number of values of k for which the linear
1) A1 2)  A1 3) I 4) - I equations 4 x  ky  2 z  0 ,
38. A nontrivial solution of the system of equations kx  4 y  z  0 , 2 x  2 y  z  0 posses a non
x   y  2 z  0, 2 x   z  0, zero solution is:
2 x  2 y  3 z  0 is given by x : y : z = 1)3 2)2 3)1 4) zero
1) 1: 2 : 2 2) 1: 2 : 2 EXERCISE - II (H.W)-KEY
3) 2 :1: 2 4) 2 :1: 2 01) 1 02) 1 03) 1 04) 3 05) 2 06) 1 07) 1
08) 2 09) 2 10) 2 11) 2 12) 2 13) 4 14) 4
39. The system of equations  x  y  z    1 ,
15) 2 16) 4 17) 3 18) 1 19) 4 20) 2 21) 2
x   y  z    1 , x  y   z    1 has no 22) 1 23) 2 24) 2 25) 3 26) 2 27) 2 28) 2
solution, if  is [AIE-2005] 29) 2 30) 1 31) 2 32) 1 33) 1 34) 1 35) 1
1)1 2)not-2 3)either-2 or 1 4)-2 36) 2 37) 1 38) 4 39) 4 40) 4 41) 3 42) 1
40. If ‘  ’ is cube root of unity and x + y + z = a 43) 1 44) 1 45) 2
x +  y +  2 z = b,x +  2 y +  z =c then which EXERCISE - II (H.W)-HINTS
of the following is correct 1. A2 =  I equating 1st row x 1st column eleme nts
abc a  b 2   c on both sides
1) x  2) y  2. put   0,   1,   1
3 3
3. A  A2  I   0  A=0 (or) A2  I  0
a  b   2 c
3) z  4) All the above 
3 4. AB=0  cos      0       2 n  1 
2
5. Put n = 2 and verify
PINEGROVE 175
 MATRICES JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I

6. Rq no of ways = 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 18. Taking c3 common from R3 and applying

7. A  B  AT R2  R2  R3 and R1  R1  R3 . We obtain
8. A2  0
T a12  b1 a1a2  b2 a1a3  b3
9. T
BB  A A  1 T
 A A  1 T
1  c3 b1b2 b22 b2b3
T T c1 c2 c3
  A 1AT  A  A 1   A 1AA T  A 1 
T T 19. R2  R2  3R1 , R3  R3  6 R1
 IA T  A 1    A 1A   IT  I 20. For the first determinant write C1  C1 + C2 +
C3
10. A  1, B  3  AB  3 21. Applying the property summation of determinant
3
 3 AB   3  3  81 to column C1 and the L.H.S
m
a b c a b c m2  1 cos 2  m 2 
  2t  1
b c a c a b t 0
11. R2  R3 m m
c a b b c a  t  m
Ct 2m cos 2  m 
t 0 t 0
a b c a b c m

b c a b c a   1 1 m 1 cos  m 2 
= t 0
c a b c a b m

a b c a b c a b c
2 Now C1  C2 i.e., C1 , C2 are identical  t 0
t 0

 b c ab c a  b c a D
22. 3
 4  2n  n 2  4 n  5 
c a b c a b c a b  n !
12. Put n = 2, a = 1, b =1, c= 2
 20 100  40  5   2900
13. expand and compare
14. Expand along 1st column  sin 
23.   sin 2  sin   cos 2  sin  
1 sin 
 sin 3 A sin( B  C )  0
sin A sin B sin C  sin 
15. Put a = 1, b =1, c = 2, d = 2 x x x
16. x  Ap R 1 , y  Aq R 1 , z  Ar R 1 f  x  x x x
log x  log A  ( R  1) log p 24.
x x x
log y  log A  ( R  1) log q
log z  log A  ( R  1) log r and substitute 1 1 1
x   2  3x   
=
TanA 1 1 3x    x x  
1 TanB 1 x x x
17.
1 1 TanC  f  3 x   f  x    2  9 x      3 x    
 TanA  TanBTanC  1  1TanC  1 25. By R1  R1 + R2 + R3
1 1 1
11  TanB 
cos x sin x cos x  0
(sinx+2cosx)
 TanATanBTanC  cos x cos x sin x
TanA  TanB  TanC  2 Now C3  C3 - C1 , C2  C2 - C1
 2   TanA   TanA   ( Sinx + 2cosx ) ( sin x - cos x )2 = 0 
tan x = 1  x =  / 4

176 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I MATRICES

3 4
x 3 4 x4 3 4  det  adj  adjA    A det A  A
5 x 5 0 0 x 5 0 1 2 1
26.
4 2 x 4 x 2 x But A  1 1 2  14
 det  adj  adjA    14 
4

2 1 1
  x  4   x 2  4 x  25   0
34. A(adjA)= A I
 the two non integral roots are roots of the
equation x 2  4 x  25  0 sum of roots  4  1 1 1 
1
27. C3  C3   C1  C2  S   1 1 1 
1
35. 2 Find SAS-1
28. Expand  1 1 1
29. Applying C1  C1   Sinx  C3
-1 adjA

C2  C2   Cosx  C3 36. A = A

1 0  Sinx 37. Use characterstic equation

 x  0 1 Cosx 1  2
2 0   0  2  4  3    2 2  2  0
Sinx  Cosx 0 38.  
applying R3  R3  SinxR1  CosxR2 2 2 3
taking   2, the system becomes
1 0  Sinx
x  2 y  2z  0 , 2x  0 y  2z  0
  x  0 1 Cosx  1
x y z
0 0 1     x : y : z  2 :1: 2
4 2 4
30. As a1 b1 c1 , a2 b2 c2 and a3 b3 c3 are natural 39. det A=0,then we get   1 or -2 but   1 the
numers, each of c1 , c2 , c3 is divisible by 2. equation has infinitely many solutions.   2
40. Solve 1,2,3 by General method.
Let ci  2ki for i  1, 2,3 . Thus
1 k 1
k1 a1 b1
k 3 3  0
  2 k2 a2 b2  2 m 41.  k2  k  6  0
3 1 1
k3 a3 b3
where m is some natural number. Thus,  is   k  3 k  2   0  k  2, 3
divisible by 2. That  may not be divisible by 4 42. det A=0 43. det A=0 44. det A=0
can be seen by taking the three numbers as 112, 4 k 2
122 and 134. Note that 2
k 4 1  0  k  6k  8
2 1 1 45.
2 2 1  k  2or 4
 2 1 2 2
4 1 3
EXERCISE - III
which is divisible by 2 but not by 4.
31. Differentiate 1st row n times  2 1 3 4  3 4 
2
32. A   1 12  0  12 , B   1  6  7  =-13 1. If A   4 1 ; B   2 3  and C   
     2 3 
C   0   4    4  A  BC 2 
 ABC 
2 A  4 B  7C  24  52  28  0 then tr  A   tr  2   tr  4
 +

33. We know that    
n2
adj  adjA   A A , if A  0 ; provided order  A  B C 3 
tr    ...... 
of A is n  8 
 
 adj  adjA   A A  as n  3 1) 6 2) 9 3) 12 4) 15

PINEGROVE 177
 MATRICES JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I

a b  1 1
2. If A    (where bc  0 ) satisfies the 1 4 2
4
4
4
c d     ..... 
7. If 1 3 1 1
equation x 2  k  0 ,then 3 3
3 9
1) a  d  0 2) k   A 1) 1 2) -1 3) 0 4) 
3) k  A 4) all the above 8. The maximum and minimumvalues of
(3  3) determinant whose elements belong to
1 0 0 {0,1,2,3}is
 
3. If A   0 2 1  then 1) 9 2) 15 3) 54 4) 32
1 0 3  9. Let A 


 A  I  A  2I  A  3I   1  x 2  y 2  z 2 2  xy  z  2  zx  y  
 
 2  xy  z  2  yz  x 
2 2 2
1 y  z  x
1 
1)1 2)0 3)A 4) A  2  zx  y  2  yz  x  1  z  x  y 
2 2 2

2
then det A is equal to
x 3 2
3
Matrix A   1 4  , if xyz  60 and 1) 1  xy  yz  zx  2) 1  x 2  y 2  z 2 
3
4. y

 2 2 z  2
4) 1  x3  y 3  z 3 
3
3)  xy  yz  zx 
8 x  4 y  3 z  20, then A  adjA is equal to 10. Let ax 7  bx 6  cx 5  dx 4  ex 3  fx 2  gx  h
 64 0 0 88 0 0
 x 1 x2  2 x2  x
0   0 88 0 
1)  0 64
2)    x2  x x 1 x2  2
 0 0 64   0 0 88  then
x2  2 x2  x x 1
 68 0 0  34 0 0
1) g  3and h  5 2) g  3 and h  5
 0 
 0 34 0 
3)  0 68
4)   3) g  3 and h  9 4) g   3, h  9
 0 0 68   0 0 34 
a b c
5. If A and B are different matrices satisfying
11. If A   p q r  and det A  6,
A3  B3 and A2 B  B 2 A ,then (AIE-
 x y z 
2012)
1) det  A2  B 2  must be zero  p  x q  y r  z
2) det  A  B  must be zero If B   a  x b  y c  z  ,then
 
 a  p b  q c  r 
3) det  A2  B 2  as well as det(A-B) must be zero.
1) det B  6 2) det B  6
4) At least one of det  A2  B 2  or det (A-B) 3) det B  12 4) det B  12
must be zero.
a b a b a c a c
6. If A, B and C are n  n matrices and
D  b d b d
det  A   2, det  B   3 and det  C   5 , then 12.Let D1  c d c  d and 2 then
a b a b a c a  b  c
the value of the det  A2 BC 1  is equal to
D1
6 12 18 24 the value of D where b  0 and ad  bc ,is
1) 2) 3) 4) 2
5 5 5 5
1) -2 2) 0 3) -2b 4) 2b

178 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I MATRICES

m b ex sin 2x tan x2
13. If x a y b  em , x c y d  en , 1  , 17. If ( x)  ln(1  x) cos x sin x  A  Bx  Cx2  ......
n d
cos x2 ex 1 sin x2
a m a b
and  2  and  3  ,then the then B is equal to
c n c d 1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) 4
values of x and y are
 sin x cos ecx tan x 
1 2 2 3
1)  and  2)  and  f  x    sec x x sin x x tan x 
3 3 1 1
18. If then
 x 2  1 cos x x 2  1 
 1   2 
3) log   and log   4) e1 / 3 and e 2 / 3 a
 3   3   f  x  dx equals
14. The value of the determinant a

1) 1 2) -1 3) 2a 4) 0
3 3 3 3 3 3
1 a b 1 1 1 a b
1 2 1 a b 1 3
1 1 1
1  a1b1 1  a1b2 1  a1b3 m
C1 m3
C1 m6
C1  2 3 5
1  a23b13 1  a23b23 1  a23b33 19. If then
m m 3 m6
 C2 C2 C2
1  a2b1 1  a2b2 1  a2b3
is
     is equal
1  a33b13 1  a33b23 1  a33b33
1) 3 2) 5 3) 7 4) 0
1  a3b1 1  a3b2 1  a3b3
1 1 1
1) 0 2) dependent only on a1 , a2 , a3 20. If D  1 1  x 1 for x  0, y  0 , then
3) dependent only on b1 , b2 , b3 1 1 1 y
4) dependent on a1 , a2 , a3 , b1 , b2 , b3 D is: (AIE-2007)
1) divisible by neither x nor y
15. Let  D1 , D2 , D3 .....Dn  be the set of all third 2) divisible by both x and y
order determinants that can be formed with 3) divisible by x but not y
the distinct non-zero real numbers 4) divisible by y but not x
a1 , a2 ,....., a9 then
xa xb xac
n n

1) D 1 2) D 0 21. Let   x  x  b xc x 1 and

i i
i 1 i 1
xc xd x bd
3) Di  D j for all i, j 4) None of the above 2

cos 1  1  cos 1   2  cos 1   3     x  dx  16 , where a, b, c, d

0
are in A.P..
  cos  2  1  cos  2   2  cos  2  3  then the common difference
16. If
cos  3  1  cos  3   2  cos  3   3  1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4
then  equals 13  3 2 5 5
1) cos 1 cos  2 cos  3 cos 1 cos  2 cos 3 15  26 5 10 
22.
2) cos 1  cos  2  cos  3  3  65 15 5
cos 1  cos  2  cos  3
1)15 2  25 3 2) 15 5  25 6
3) cos 1  1  cos  2   2  cos  3  3 
3) 25 2  15 3 4) 0
4) 0

PINEGROVE 179
 MATRICES JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I

r 1 n 6 28. A tr iangle has ver tices A i(xi,yi) for i = 1, 2,3.

n
Then
(r  1) 2 2n 2 4n  2  Dr =
23. Dr = 
(r  1)3 3n3 3n 2  3n r 1 x2  x3 y2  y3 y1 ( y2  y3 )  x1 ( x2  x3 )
x3  x1 y3  y1 y2 ( y3  y1 )  x2 ( x3  x1 )  0
n(n  1) 2 x1  x2 y1  y2 y3 ( y1  y2 )  x3 ( x1  x2 )
1) nr 2) 0 3) r 4) 2n-n2
2
means
24. If f  n    n   n and 1) medians of the triangle A1,A2,A3 are
concurrent;
3 1  f 1 1  f  2 2) the triangle A1,A2,A3 is right angled at A3;
1  f 1 1  f  2 1  f  3 = 3) the triangle A1,A2,A3 is an equilateral
triangle;
1  f  2 1  f  3 1  f  4
4) altitudes of the triangle A1,A2,A3 are
2 2 2 concurrent.
k 1    1        ,then k is equal to 29. For a fixed poitive integer n , let
(AIE-2014)
1) 1 2) -1 3)  4)   n  1!  n  1!  n  3!/ n  n  1
25. The value of the determinant D   n  1 !  n  3 !  n  5 !/  n  2  n  3
 n  3 !  n  5 !  n  7 !/  n  4  n  5 
1 ei /3 ei /4
ei /3 1 e2i /3 D
where i  1 ,is then  n  1 ! n  1 ! n  3! is equal to
ei /4 e2i /3 1
1) - 8 2) - 16 3) - 32 4). - 64
1) 2  2 2)   2  2 
30. If f  x  , g  x  and h  x  are three
3) 2  3 4) 2  3 polynomials of degree '2' and
26. Let a, b, c be such that b(a + c)  0. If
f  x g  x h  x
a a 1 a 1
  x  f ' x g ' x h ' x
b b 1 b 1  , then  '  x  is
c c 1 c 1 f ''  x  g ''  x  h ''  x 
1) a one degree polynomial
a 1 b 1 c 1
2) a three degree polynomial
a 1 b 1 c  1  0,
3) a two degree polynomial 4) a constant
(  1) n  2 a (  1) n  1 b (  1) n c
then the value of n is (AIE-2009) cos  x  x2  sin  x  x2   cos  x  x2 
1) zero 2) any even integer f  x  sin  x  x2  cos  x  x2  sin  x  x2 
3) any odd integer 4) any integer 31. If
27. Let A be a square matrix all of whose entries sin 2x 0 sin  2x2 
are integers. Then, which one of the following
is true? (AIE-2008) then f 1  0  
1) If det (A) =  1, then A-1 exists but all its entries 1) 0 2) -1 3) -2 4) 2
are not necessarily integers
2) If det (A)   1, then A-1 exists and all its en- 1 2x 3x2 3

tries are non-integers 32. If f  x   3 a 27 and  f  x  dx  0 ,

3) If det (A)   1, then A-1 exists and all its en- 1 3 9 0

tries are integers

then a is equal to
4) If det (A) =  1, then A-1 need not exist
1) 3 2) 6 3) 9 4) any real number

180 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I MATRICES

33. The number of 3  3 non singular matrices with

a x e x loge a x2
four entries as 1 and all other entries as 0, is
[AIE-2010] 38. If g ( x)  a
3 x
e3 x loge a x 4 then
1) Lessthan 4 2) 5 3) 6 4) atleast 7 a 5 x e5 x loge a 1
 3 1  1) g ( x )  g (  x )  0 2) g ( x )  g (  x )  0
 
2  A  1 1
34. If P   2 , 0 1 and 3) g ( x ).g (  x )  0 4) None of these
 1 3  
  39. If a, b, c are non zero real numbers and if the
 2 2 
equations  a  1 x  y  z,
Q  PAPT and X  PT Q 2015 P, then X is
 b  1 y  z  x,  c  1 z  x  y has a non
1 2015  1 0   2015 1 1 1  trivial solution then ab  bc  ca equals
1) 0 1  2)  2015 1  3)  0 1 4) 0 2015
        1) a+b+c 2) abc 3)1 4) a+b-c
1 0 0 1 0 0  40. Let a, b, c be positive numbers.The following
35. If A   0 1 
1  , I  0 1 0  and system of equations in x, y, z
 0 2 4  0 0 1  x2 y2 z2 x2 y2 z2
   1, 2  2  2  1 ,
1 a 2 b2 c 2 a b c
A1  ( A2   A   I ) then
6 x2 y2 z2
    1 has
1)   6,   11 2)   6,   11 a2 b2 c2
3)   6,   11 4)   6,   11 1) no solution 2) unique solution
3) infinitely many solutions 4) finitely many solutions
2 2 1
EXERCISE - III-KEY
36. If A  1 3 1  then A  1   A  5 I   A  I  
2

1 2 2 
01) 1 02) 4 03) 2 04) 3 05) 4 06) 2 07) 3
08) 3 09) 2 10) 4 11) 3 12) 1 13) 4 14) 4
 4 2 1  4 2 1 15) 2 16) 4 17) 1 18) 4 19) 1 20) 2 21) 2
1  1  22) 1 23) 2 24) 1 25) 2 26) 3 27) 3 28) 4
1) 5  1 3 1  2) 5  1 3 1
 1 2 4   1 2 4  29) 4 30) 4 31) 4 32) 4 33) 4 34) 1 35) 1
36) 2 37) 4 38) 1 39) 2 40) 4
 4 2 1  4 2 1 EXERCISE - III-HINTS
1  1 
3) 3  1 3 1  4) 3  1 3 1 3 4  3 4  1 0
 1 2 4   1 2 4  1. BC    BC   I
2 3    2 3 
0 1 
1 0 0
   A  A 
37. Let A   2 1 0 if u1 and u 2 are column tr  A  tr    tr  2   ...
 3 2 1   2 2 
1 1
1  0 = tr  A  tr  A  2 tr  A  ....
  2 2
matrices such that Au1   0  and Au 2  1  then
 0  tr  A 
 0    2tr  A   2  2  1  6
1  1 / 2 
u1  u2 equal to [AIE-2012]
2 a b  a b
 1  1  1   1 2. We have, A   c d   c d 
        
1) 1  2)  1  3)  1  4)  1   a 2  bc ad  db 
 0   1  0   1    
 a c  cd bc  d 2 

PINEGROVE 181
 MATRICES JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I

As, A satisfies, x 2  k  0, A2  kI  0 1 2 0
 a 2  bc  k  a  d  b  have h  0 1 2  9 differentiating both sides
 0
  a  d  c bc  d 2
 k  2 0 1
2 2
 a  bc  k  bc  d  k  0 and then putting x  0, we get g  3
and  a  d  b   a  d  c  0 11. Consider the det B ,using R1  R1  R2  R3

 K 0  a px bq y crz

A2   2
 , A  K 2  det A   K B 2 ax b y cz
 0  K 
3. The roots of the characteristic equation are 1,2,3 a p bq cr

there fore  A  1 A  2 I  A  3I   0 Using R2  R2  R1 and R3  R3  R1

4. A.adjA  A I a px bq y crz

 p q r
A  xyz  8 x  3  z  8   2  2  2 y 
x y z
A  xyz   8 x  3z  4 y   28 using R2  R1  R2  R3 B  2det A  2.6  12
 60  20  28  68
12. Using C3  C3   C1  C2 
5. A3  B 3 .......  i  and A2 B  B 2 A........... ii 
on substracting equations (i) and (ii) we set a b ab a c ac
A3  A2 B  B 3  B 2 A  A2  A  B   D1  c d c  d and D2  b d bd
a b a b a c abc
B2  A  B 
D1 2b  ad  bc 
  A2  B 2   A  B   0    2
D2 b  ad  bc 
 det  A2  B 2   A  B   0
13. Given that, x a y b  em and x c y d  e n
 det  A2  B 2  , det  A  B   0  a log x  b log y  m, and
6. A  2; B  3; C  5 c log x  d log y  n
Using cramer’s rule, we have
2
A B 4.3 12 m b a m
det  A BC
2 1
  A BC
2 1
  
C 5 5 n d c n
log x  and log y 
1 1 a b a b
1   .... 4 2 4
2 4 c d c d
 3 0
7. 1 1 3 1 
1    .... 3 2  log x  and log y  2
3 9 3 3
8. Keep least of given values in principal diagonal,
highest of given values in other places.  x  e 1 / 3 and y  e2 / 3
14. The given determinant can be rewritten as
0 3 3
2 2 2 2 2 2

 3 0 3  54 1  a1b1  a1 b1 1  a1b2  a1 b2 1  a1b3  a1 b3

2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 0   1  a2 b1  a2 b1 1  a2 b2  a2 b2 1  a2 b3  a2 b3
2 2 2 2 2 2
9. Multiply R2 by z and R3 by y and and applying 1  a3b1  a3 b1 1  a3b2  a3 b2 1  a3b3  a3 b3

R1  R1  R2  R3 1 a1 a12 1 b1 b12
or put x=0,y=1,z=2 and verify the options
10. By putting x=0 on both sides of the equation we    1 a2 a2 2 1 b2 b2 2
1 a3 a3 2 1 b3 b32

182 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I MATRICES

    a1  a2  a2  a3  a3  a1  1 0 0
 b1  b2  b2  b3  b3  b1   1 x 0  xy
15. Total no. of third order determinants with distinct 1 0 y
non-zero real numbers a1 , a2 ....a9 as elements is 9!. 21. Let a, b, c, d are in A.P. with common difference
These determinants can be grouped into two groups ‘k’ operate R3  R3  R1 , R2  R2  R1
9! xa xb xac
each containing determinansts such that
2
correpsonding to each determinant in a group there   x  k k 2k  1
is another determinant in the other group which is 2k 2k 4k
obtained by interchanging two consecutive rows
of the determinant in the first group. Oprate C2  C2  C1 , C3  C3  C1
 Sum of the values of the determinants is 0. x  a k c
16. The given determinant can be rewritten as
  x  k 0 k  1  2k 2
cos1 sin 1 0 cos 1 sin 1 0
2k 0 2 k
  cos2 sin 2 0 cos 2 sin 2 0  0
2
cos3 sin 3 0 cos 3 sin 3 0
   x  dx  16  k  2
17. Differentiating w.r.t 'x' on both sides  0

B  2 C x  ....       22. Taking 5 from C2 , C3

Put x = 0 
13  3 2 1
1 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
  5 15  26 5 2
B 0 1 0 1 0 1  0 1 0
;
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 3  65 3 5
B = 0. C1  C1   3.C2  13.C3 
 sin x cos ecx tan x 
 x tan x   3 2 1
18. f  x    sec x x sin x then
 x 2  1 cos x x 2  1  5 0 5 2
 15 2  25 3
sin x cos ecx tan x 0 3 5
f  x   sec x x sin x x tan x  g  x 
n ( n  1)
2
x 1 cos x x2  1 n 6
2
n
 sin x  cos ecx  tan x n ( n  1)(2 n  1)
 Dr  2n 2 4n  2
assume g   x   sec x 23. r 1 6
x sin x x tan x
n ( n  1) 2
2

x2 1 cos x x2  1 3n 3 3n 2  3 n
4
  g  x  , g x  g  x n(n  1)
a
taking common from c1
2
g  x   f  x  is an odd function   f  x  dx  0 . n
a
then c1 and c3 are proportional   Dr  0
19. Put m  2 and verify       3 r 1
24. Let
1 1 1
3 1    1 2   2
D  1 1 x 1
20.   1    1  2   2 1  3   3
1 1 1 y
on applying C2  C2 - C1 and C3  C3 - C1 1  2   2 1  3   3 1  4   4

PINEGROVE 183
 MATRICES JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I

1 1 1 1 1 1 30.  |  x   0 .
1   1   31. Defferentiating R1 , R2 , R3 and put x=0
1 2 2 1 2 2 32. expand f(x) and then integrate
applying C2  C2  C1 and C3  C2  C1  1 * *
 
* 1 *
1 0 0 33. Consider  .by placing 1 in any one
* * 1
1  1  1  
then of the 6 * position and 0 elsewhere.
1  2 1  2 1 we get 6 non-singular matrices.
2 2 2
   1    1      * * 1
 
2 2
 1    1        Hence, k=1
2 * 1 *
similarly,  given atleast one non-singular..
 1 * *
25. By expanding  
       3  34. Here P T .P  I  P T  P 1
i   i   i 3   i 
e  4
e 
2 e 4
e  4  4 
 2 ( n  3)
Q 2  PA2 PT  Q 2015  PA2015 PT
3 1
2 cos  2 , 2 2 1 2015
4 2 , X  0 1 
2015
X  A 
  2 2   2 2   35. Characteristic equation of A is A   I  0
a b c (1)n2 a (1)n1b (1)n c
1  0 0
a 1 b 1 c 1  a 1 b 1 c 1
26. 0 1  1 0
a 1 b 1 c 1 a 1 b 1 c 1
0 2 4
n n n
a (1  (1) ) (b)(1  (1) ) c(1  (1) )  3  6 2  11  6  0 , A3  6 A2  11A  6  0
 a 1 b 1 c 1 2
36. A   I  0 , i.e    5     1  0
=0
a 1 b 1 c 1
adj A
27. As det (A) =  1, A-1 exists and  A  5I  A  I 
2
0 , A1 
det A
1
A1  (adjA)   (adjA) 1 
det( A) 1
A  u1  u 2   1  ; A  1 1
All entries in adj (A) are integers, 37. , But A  A  adjA
 0 
 A1 has integer entries.
28. If altitudes of a triangle are concurrent at 1   1 0 0  1   1 
y1  0 y2  y3
.  1 u1  u2  A 1    2 1 0  1    1
1

H(0, 0), then A H  A2A3 ,

x1  0 x2  x3 0   1 2 1   0   1
 y1  y2  y3   x1  x2  x3  =0 0 a x ax x2
29. Taking (n-1)! common from R 1 ,( N  1) ! g ( x )  a 3 x a3x x4
38. , e log e ax
 ax
from R2 and ( n  3) !from R3 ,we get a 5 x
a 5x
1
D  (n  1)!(n  1)!(n  3)! D1 g (  x )   g ( x )  g ( x)  g (  x )  0
Where 39. Rewritten the given equations are
1 (n  1)n (n  3)(n  2)  a  1 x  y  z  0
D1  1 (n  3)(n  2) (n  5)(n  4)
x   b  1 y  z  0 , x  y   c  1 z  0
1 (n  5)(n  4) (n  7)(n  6) has a non trivial solution then

184 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I MATRICES

a 1 1 1 1) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true;

 1   b  1 1 0 Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for
1 1   c  1 Statement-1
2) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false
a 0 1
3) Statement-I is false, Statement-2 is true
 b b 1 C1  C1  C2  0 4) Statement-I is true, Statement-2 is true;
0 c 1  c C2  C2  C3 Statement-2 is a correct explanation for
Statement-1
 a  b  bc  c   0  1 bc   0
04. The number of value of k for which the linear
 b  abc  ca  bc  0 equations; 4x + ky + 2z = 0, kx + 4y + z = 0,
 ab  bc  ca  abc 2x + 2y + z = 0 Posses a non-zero solution
40. Adding 3 equations we get is: [JEE Mains 2011]
x2 y2 z2 1) Zero 2) 3
  3
a2 b2 c2 3) 2 4) 1
Substracting first,second,third equation.from this 05. If the trivial solution is the only solution of the
we get z   c, y  b, x   a system of equation [JEE Mains 2011]
x – ky + z = 0, kx + 3y – kz = 0,
EXERCISE - IV 3x + y – z = 0. Then the set of values of k is
1) {2, –3} 2) R – {2, –3}
Previous Years Mains Off Line Questions 3) R – {2} 4) R – {–3}
1 0 0
01. The number of 3 × 3 non-singular matrices,  
with four entries as 1 and all other entries as 06. If A  2 1 0 , u1, and u2 are the column
 
0, is [AIEEE 2010] 3 2 1
1) 5 2) 6
3) atleast 7 4) less than 4 1  0
02. Let A be a 2 × 2 matrix with non-zero entries    
Au1  0 Au 2  1 

and let A 2 = I, where I is 2 × 2 identity matrix. matrices such that     then
Define Tr(A) = sum of diagonal elements of A 0 0
and lAl= determinant of matrix A. u1 + u2 is equal to [JEE Mains 2012]
Statement-1 ;Tr(A) = 0
Statement-2 | A | = 1 1  1 
   
[AIEEE 2010] 1 1
1)   2)  
1) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true;  
 0  1
Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for
Statement-1.
1 1
2) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false.    
 1   1 
3) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true. 3)   4)  
 
4) Statement- 1 is true, Statement-2 is true;  0  1
Statement-2 is a correct explanation for
Statement-I. 07. Let P and Q be 3 × 3 matrices with P  Q. If
03. Let A and B are symmetric matrices of order P3 = Q3 and P2 Q = Q2 P, the determinant of
3. [JEE Mains 2011] (P2 + Q2) is equal to [JEE Mains 2012]
Statement-1 A (BA) and (AB) A are 1) 0 2) – 1
symmetric matrices. 3) – 2 4) 1
Statement-2 AB is symmetric matrix, if
matrix multiplication of A with B is
commutative.
PINEGROVE 185
 MATRICES JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I

08. The number of values of k for which the 2) Contains more than two elements
system of equations; (k + 1)x + 8y = 4k; 3) is an empty set
kx +(k + 3)y = 3k – 1 has no solution, is 4) is a singleton
[JEE Mains 2013] 14. The system of linear equation
1) 1 2) 2 x + y – z = 0
3) 3 4) None of these x – y – z = 0
 1  3 x + y – z = 0
  has a non-trivial solution for
P   1 3 3
09. If   is the adjoint of a 3 × 3 [JEE Mains 2016]
 2 4 4
  1) Exactly one – value of 
2) Exactly two – value of 
matrix A and |A| = 4, then  is equal to
3) Exactly three – value of 
[JEE Mains 2013]
4) infinitely many values of 
1) 11 2) 5
5a b
3) 0 4) 4 15. If A    and A adj A = AAT , then

 3 2
10. If A is a 3 × 3 non-singular matrix such that
5a + b is equal to [JEE Mains 2016]
AA '  A 'A and B  A 1A ' , then BB' 1) 5 2) 13 3) 4 4) –1
equals to [JEE Mains 2014] 16. If S is the set of distinct values of ‘b’ for which
1) B-1 2) B1  ' 3) I + B 4) I the following system of linear equations
x+y+z=1
11. If ,   0 and f(n) = n + n and x + ay + z = 1
ax + by + z = 0
3 1  f 1 1  f 2 has no solution, then S is: [JEE Main 2017]
1  f 1 1  f 2 1  f 3 1) an infinite set
= 2) a finite set containing two or more elements
1  f (2) 1  f 3 1  f 4
3) a singleton
k(1 – )2(1 – )2 ( – )2, then k is 4) an empty set
equal to [JEE Mains 2014]  2 3
1) 1 2) –1 3)  4) 1/ 17. If A    , then adj(3A2 + 12A) is

 4 1
1 2 2 
  equal to [JEE Mains 2017]
A   2 1 2  72 63  72 84
12. If   is a matrix satisfying the
a 2 b 
  1)  
 2)  

 84 51  63 51
equation AAT = 9I, where I is 3 × 3 identity
 51 63  51 84
3)   4)  
matrix, then the ordered pair (a, b) is equal to
[JEE Mains 2015] 84 72   63 72
1) (2, 1) 2) (– 2, – 1)
3) (2, – 1) 4) (– 2, 1) x4 2x 2x
13. The set of all values of  for which the system 2x x  4 2 x  ( A  Bx)( x  A) 2
18. If
of linear equations 2x 2x x  4
2x1 – 2x2 + x3 = x1
2x1 – 3x2 +2 x3 = x2 then order pair ( A, B) 
– x1 + 2x2 = x3 [JEE Mains 2018 ]
Has a non-trivial solution 1) (–4,–5) 2) (–4,3)
[JEE Mains 2015] 3) (–4,5) 4) (4,5)
1) Contains two elements

186 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I MATRICES

19. If the system of linear equations 23. If p, q, r are 3 real numbers satisfying the
[JEE Mains 2018] matrix equation,
x  ky  3 z  0
3 4 1
3 x  ky  2 z  0
 p q r   3 2 3  3 0 1 then
2 x  4 y  3z  0  2 0 2 
xz
Has a non-trival solution (x, y, z) then  2 p  q  r equals: [JEE Mains 2013]
y2
1) –3 2) -1
1) –10 2) 10 3) 4 4) 2
3) -30 4) 30 24. Statement 1: The system of linear equations

Previous Years Mains On Line Questions

x  (sin  ) y  (cos  ) z  0
20. If a, b, c are sides of scalene triangle, then the x  (cos ) y  (sin  ) z  0
x  (sin  ) y  (cos  ) z  0
a b c
Has a non-trival solution for only one value of
b c a
value of is : [JEE Mains 2013]
c a b  
 lying in the interval  0, 2  .
 
1) Non-negative 2) Negative
Statement 2 : The equation in
3) Positive 4) Non-negative
Has only one solution lying in the interval .
21. The matrix A2  4 A  5I , where I is identity [JEE Mains 2013]
1 2  1) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is true;
matrix and A    , equals: Statement-2 is not a correct.
 4 3 2) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is true;
[JEE Mains 2013] Statement-2 is a correct explanation for
2 1  0 1 statement-1.
1) 4   2) 4   3) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is false.
 2 0 2 2  4) Statement -1 is false; Statement-2 is true.
2 1 1 1  24. Let A, other than I or –I, be a real matrix such
3) 32   4) 32   that , I being the unit matrix, Let be the sum
2 0 1 0  of diagonal elements of A.
22. If the system of linear equations [JEE Mains 2013]
x1  2 x2  3 x3  6 Statement 1 : Tr(A)  0
x1  3 x2  5 x3  9 Statement 2 : det(A)  1
1) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is false.
2 x1  5 x2  ax3  b
2) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is true;
Is consistent and has infinite number of Statement-2 is not correct explanation for
solutions, then: [JEE Mains 2013] statement-1.
1) a  8 , b can be any real number 3) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is true;
2) b  15 , a can be any real number Statement-2 is a correct explanation for
3) a  R  8 and b  R  15 statement-1.
4) Statement -1 is false; Statement-2 is true.
4) a  8, b  15 26. Consider the system of equations:
x  ay  0 , y  az  0 , and z  ax  0 .

PINEGROVE 187
 MATRICES JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I

Then the set of all real values of ‘a’ for which

1) Depends only a
the system has a unique solution is:
2) Depends only on n
[JEE Mains 2013]
3) Depends both on a and n
1) R  1 2) R  1 4) Is independent of both a and n.
32. Let A be a matrix such that
3) 1, 1 4) 1, 0, 1
27. Let  1 2 3  0 0 1 
A  0 2 3   1 0 0 
 a a   Then A 1 is:
S   11 12  : a ij  0,1, 2 , a11  a 22   0 1 1  0 1 0 
 a21 a22  
[JEE Mains 2014]
Then the number of non-singular matrices in 3 1 2  3 2 1 
the set S is: [JEE Mains 2013] 3 0 2  3 2 0 
1) 27 2) 24 3) 10 4) 20 1)   2)  
1 0 1  1 1 0 
28. If a, b, c are non zero real numbers and if the
system of equations
 0 1 3  1 2 3
(a -1) x  y  z , (b -1) y  z  x ,  0 2 3 0 1 1
(c -1) z  x  y , 3)   4)  
1 1 1 0 2 3
Has a non-trival solution, and then
ab  bc  ca equals: [JEE Mains 2014]
1) a  b  c 2) abc 33. Let be a polynomial of degree 2 in x, and be
3) 1 4) -1 the first and second order derivates of
29. If B is a 3  3 matrix such that B 2  0 , then  p1 ( x) p1' ( x) p1' ' ( x) 
 
det .  (I+B)50  50B  is equal to: A(x)=  p2 ( x) p2' ( x) p2' ' ( x) 
respectively. Let,
[JEE Mains 2014]  p3 ( x) p3' ( x) p3' ' ( x) 

1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 50
30. Let A and B be any two 3 × 3matrices. If A is
symmetric and B is skew symmetric, then
the matrix is: [JEE Mains 2014]
1) Skewsymmetric and B( x)  [ A( x)]T A( x) . Then determine of
2) Symmetric B ( x) : [JEE Mains 2014]
3) Neither symmetric nor skewsymmetric 1) Is a polynomial of degree 6 in x.
4) I or –I, Where is an identity matrix. 2) Is a polynomial of degree 3 in x.
31. If 3) Is a polynomial of degree 2 in x.
4) Does not depend on x.
34. If
r 2r  1 3r  1
n a2 b2 c2 a2 b2 c2
r  n 1 a
2 , (a   ) 2 (b   ) 2 (c   ) 2  k  a b c
,
1 1 (a   ) 2 (b   ) 2 (c   ) 2 1 1 1
n(n  1) (n  1) 2 (n  1)(3n  4)
2 2
  0 , then k is equal to: [JEE Mains 2014]
n 1 1) 4 abc 2) 4 abc
then the value of 
r  1
r : [JEE Mains 2014]
3) 4 2 4) 4 2

188 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I MATRICES

3) Both the statements are true.

 y 4) Both the statements are false.
1 2 x  B   x 
35. If A    and be such that 4 1
3 1 2   1  41. If A    , then the determinant of the
 3 1 
6 matrix (A2016 – 2A2015 – A2014) is:
AB    , then: [JEE Mains 2014] [JEE Mains 2016]
8 
1) 2014 2) –175
1) y  2 x 2) y  2 x 3) 2016 4) –25
3) y  x 4) y   x
 3 1 
36. The least value of the product xyz for which 
 2 2  1 1
x 1 1 42. If P   , A 
0 1 and Q =
 1 3 
1 y 1  2
the determinant is non-negative, is 2 
1 1 z
PAPT, then PT Q2015 P is: [JEE Mains 2016]
[JEE Mains 2015]
0 2015  2015 1 
1) 2 2 2) 16 2 3) –8 4) –1 1)   
2)  
0 0   0 2015
 0 1
37. If A   
1 0  , then which one of the
 2015 0  1 2015
following statements is not correct ? 3)  
 4)  

 1 2015 1 1
[JEE Mains 2015]
1) A4 – I = A2 + I 2) A3 – I = A(A – I)
3) A2 + I = A(A2 – I) 4) A3 + I = A(A3 – I) 43. The number of distinct real roots of the
48. If A is a 3 × 3 matrix such that |5.adjA| = 5, cos x sin x sin x
then |A| is equal to : [JEE Mains 2015]
sin x cos x sin x  0
1 1 equation, in the
1)  2)  5 3)  1 4)  sin x sin x cos x
5 25
  
x2  x x 1 x  2 interval  ,  is : [JEE Mains 2016]
x 2  3x 1 3x 3x  3  ax 12  4 4
39. , 1) 4 2) 3 3) 2 4) 1
x  2x  3 2x 1 2x 1
2
44. For two 3  3 matrices A and B, let
then ‘a’ is equal to [JEE Mains 2015] A+B=2B1 and 3A+2B=I3 , where B is the
1

1) 12 2) 24 3) –12 4) –24 transpose of B and I3 is identity matrix. Then:

40. Let A be a 3×3 matrix such that [JEE Mains 2017]
A2 - 5A + 7I = 0.
1) 5A+10B=2I3 2) 10A+5B=3I3
1
Statement - I : A  5I  A 
1
7 3) B+2A=I3 4) 3A+6B=2I3
Statement - II : The polynomial 45. If x  a , y  b , z  c is a solution of the
A3- 2A2 - 3A + I can be reduced to 5(A - 4I). system of linear equations; x  8 y  7 z  0 ;
Then : [JEE Mains 2016]
1) Statement-I is true, but Statement-II is 9 x  2 y  3z  0 ; x  y  z  0
false. Such that the point (a, b, c) lies on the
2) Statement-I is false, but Statement-II is plane x  2 y  z  6 , then 2a+b+c equals:
true. [JEE Mains 2017]
PINEGROVE 189
 MATRICES JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I

1) -1 2) 0 3) 1 4) 2 EXERCISE - IV - KEY
46. The number of real values of for which the 01) 3 02) 2 03) 1 04) 3 05) 2 06) 2 07) 1
system of linear equations 08) 1 09) 1 10) 4 11) 1 12) 2 13) 1 14) 3
2x  4 y   z  0 ; 4x   y  2z  0 ; 15) 1 16) 3 17) 3 18) 3 19) 2 20) 2 21) 1
 x  2 y  2z  0 22) 4 23) 4 24) 4 25) 2 26) 2 27) 4 28) 2
Has infinitely many solution, is: 29) 1 30) 2 31) 4 32) 2 33) 4 34) 4 35) 1
[JEE Mains 2017] 36) 2 37) 3 38) 1 39) 2 40) 3 41) 4 42) 4
1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) 3 43) 3 44) 4 45)3 46) 3 47) 3 48) 4 49) 4
47. Let A be any 3 × 3 invertible matrix. Then 50) 3 51) 1
which one of the following is not always true?
[JEE Mains 2017] ADVANCED WORKEDOUT EXAMPLES:
1) adj(A)  A .A 1 2) adj (adj(A))  A .A
W.E-1: Let M be a 3  3 matrix satisfying
2
3) adj (adj(A))  A .(adj(A)) 1 0 1  1   1  1  0 
      
M 1   2 , M 1   1    
4) adj (adj(A))  A .(adj(A)) 1 and M 1   0 
0  3   0  1 1 12
1 2
48. Let A be a matrix such that A   is a

then the sum of the diagonal entries of M is
 0 3 (ADV-2011)
scalar matrix and |3A| = 108. Then A2 equals Sol. (9)
[JEE Mains 2018]  a1 a2 a3 
 4 32  36 0 Let M   b1 b2 b3 
1)  
 2)  
  c1 c3 
 0 36  32 4 c2

 4 0 36 32 0   1 1 1 1  0 

3)   4)  
 M 1  2 , M 1  1 , M 1   0 
       
32 36  0 4            
49. Let S be the set of all real values of k for 0   3   0   1 1 12 
which the system of linear equations
 a2   1  a1  a2   1 
x + y + z = 2; 2x + y – z = 3; 3x + 2y + kz =
4 has a unique solution. Then S is :   b2    2  ,  b1  b2    1  ,
       
[JEE Mains 2018]  c2   3   c1  c2   1
1) an empty set 2) equal to {0}
3) equal to R 4) equal to R-{0}  a1  a2  a3   0 
b b b    0 
1 0 0  1 2 3  
   c1  c2  c3  12 
A  1 1 0
50. Let   and B=A20. Then the sum
1 1 1  a2  1, b2  2, c2  3, a1  a2  1
 
of the elements of the first column of B is : b1  b2  1, c1  c2  1
[JEE Mains 2018] a1  a2  a3  0, b1  b2  b3  0, c1  c2  c3  12
1) 210 2) 211 3) 231 4) 251
 a1  0, b2  2, c3  7
51. The number of values of k for which the
system of linear equations, (k + 2)x + 10y = k  Sum of diagonal elements= 0+2+7= 9
kx + (k + 3)y = k – 1 has no solution, is :
[JEE Mains 2018]
1) 1 2) 2
3) 3 4) infinitely many
190 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I MATRICES

W.E-2: Let  be a complex cube root of unity with (ii) The determinant of the product of the matrices
is equal to product of their individual determinants
  1 and P   Pij  be a n  n matrix with i.e AB  A B
i j
Pij   . Then P 2  0 , when n= (ADV-2014) Given, M 2  N 4  M 2  N 4  0
A)57 B)55 C)58 D)56   M  N 2  M  N 2   0 (as MN=NM)
Sol. (B,C,D)
Also, M  N 2  M  N 2  0
Here P   pij  mn with pij   i  j
 Det  M  N 2   0
When n=1,
Also,
P   pij    2   P 2   4   0 Det  M 2  MN 2    DetM   Det ( M  N 2 
11
When n=2,
  DetM  0   0
2 3
 p p      2
1
P   pij    11 12    3 4 =   As, Det  M 2  MN 2 U  0
 p21 p22    
22
1 
20
2 1  2 1  2  4 1 2   W.E-4: If A2 B  BA then  AB   A B 20 then
2
P   ; P  2 2 
0
 1   1     1   find the value of  .
When n= 3 Sol. ( 2 20  1 )
 2  3  4   2 1   2 2 3 2 2 1
     AB   A  BA  B  A. A B .B  A B = A 2 B2
P   pij    3  4  5    1   2 
33 3 2 3 2 3
 4  5  6     2 1 
     AB    AB  AB  A B AB  A B  BA  B

 2 1    2 1   0 0 0  A3 BA2 B.B  A3  BA AB  B

  
P2   1   2   1   2   0 0 0  0
   2 1     2 1  0 0 0  A3 A2 BABB  A5  BA  B 2
  
 P 2  0 , when n is multiple of 3.  A5 . A2 B.B 2  A7 B 3
P 2  0 , when n is not a multiple of 3.
20
1
Similarly (AB) 20  A 2 B20 ;    220  1
 n  57 is not possible
 n  55, 58, 56 are possible. W.E-5: If A,B,C,D are four rectangular matrices
such that AT  BCD, BT  CDA, C T  DAB
W.E-3: Let M and N be two 3  3 matrices such
that MN=NM, further,if M  N 2 and and DT  ABC. If S  ABCD then find period
M 2  N 4 then of S.

A)determinant of  M 2  MN 2  is 0 Sol. (2) S  ABCD  A  BCD 

B)There is a 3  3 non-zero matrix U such that  S  AAT .......(1)
M 2
 MN 2 U is zero matrix S 2   ABCD  ABCD    ABC  DAB  CD
C)determinant of  M 2  MN 2   1  S 2  DT C T .CD .........(2)
D)for a 3  3 matrix u, if  M 2  MN 2 U S 3   ABCD  ABCD  ABCD 
equal to the zero matrix, then U is the zero
matrix (ADV-2014) =  ABC  DAB  CDA BCD   DT C T BT AT
Ans. (A) T
T
Sol. (i) If A and B are two non-zero matrices and S 3   BCD  A   AT  A
2 2
AB  BA , then  A  B  A  B   A  B .  S 3  AAT ............(3)

PINEGROVE 191
 MATRICES JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I

From equation (1) and (3) we can say that S  S 3 , BC  CB )

hence period of S is 2. Hence, equation is true for K= 1
Let the result is true for K where K is any +ve
1 integer.Now
W.E-6: If A is square matrix such that A  I and
2
A K 11  AK 1. A  B K  B   K  1 C   B  C 
1
A I are orthogonal. Then prove that A is k 2 2
2 = B  B  BC   K  1 CB   K  1 C 
skew symmetric and find matrix 4 A2  3I
 B K  B 2   K  2  BC 
1 1
Sol. As A  I and A  I are orthogonal. AK  2  B K 1  B   K  2  
2 2
T T So, result is true for K+1 Hence result is true for
 1  1  T A A I
 A  I  A  I   I  AA    I each and every value of K.
 2  2  2 2 4 W.E-8: For 3  3 matrices M and N which of the
 A  AT  3I following statement(s) is (are) not correct?
 AAT     ............. 1 (A) N T MN is symmetric or skew symmetric,
 2  4 according as M is symmetric or skew
T symmetric
 1  1  (B) MN-NM is skew symmetric for all
and  A  I  A  I   I
 2  2  symmetric matrices M and N
(C) MN is symmetric for all symmetric matrices
 A  AT  3I M and N
 AAT    .............(2) (D) (adjM) (adjN) = adj(MN) for all invertible
 2  4 matrices M and N (ADV-2013)
From equation (1) and (2) 1 1
Sol. a)  N1MN    MN  N  N1M1N = N1MN or
A  AT  A  AT 
  T
  A A  0  N1MN according as M is symmetric or skew
2  2  symmetric.  Correct
1 1 1
 AT   A b)  MN  NM    MN    NM 
i.e matrix A is skew symmetric  N1M1  M1 N1  NM  MN
From equation(1) skew symmetric  Correct
1
 A  AT  3I
T 3I c)  MN   N1M1  NM  MN  Incorrect
AA     A A   4 A2  3I  0
 2  4 4 d)  adjM  adjN   adj  MN   Incorrect
W.E-7: If B and C are two square matrices of W.E-9: Write down 2  2 matrix A which
order n and also A  B  C, BC  CB, C 2  0 corresponds to a counterclockwise rotation of
then prove that for every natural number K, 600 about the origin. In the diagram the
square OABC has its diagonal OB of 2 2
AK 1  B K  B   K  1 C 
units in length. The square is rotated
Sol. Let K= 1,then counterclock wise about O through 600 . Find
A2  B  B  2C   A2  B2  2BC the coordinates of the vertices of the square
after rotating.
2
B  C  B 2  2 BC

B 2  C 2  BC  CB  B 2  2 BC
B 2  2 BC  B 2  2 BC (As C 2  0 and
192 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I MATRICES

Y any real number   5 . Find the set of

solutions, if   5 . (ADV - 1983)
x B
C Sol. For   5 the system has atleast one solution
its
un for   5 the system has infinitly many solutions
x 2 2 x
4  5k 13k  9
X x ,y , z  k (k  R )
x A 7 7
Y'
W.E-11: Let 1 ,  2 , 1 ,  2 be the roots of
Sol. The matrix describes a rotation through an angle
600 in counterclock wise direction is ax 2  bx  c  0 and px 2  qx  r  0
respectively. If the system of equations
cos 600  sin 600   1/ 2  3 / 2  1 y   2 z  0 and 1 y   2 z  0 has a non-
 0 = 
 sin 60 cos 600   3 / 2 1/ 2 
b 2 ac
since each side of the square be x then trivial solution, then prove that  .
2
q 2 pr
x2  x2  2 2   2x2  8  x2  4 (IIT-1987)
 x  2 units. Sol. Since, 1 ,  2 are the roots of ax 2  bx  c  0
Therefore, the co-ordinates of the vertices b c
 1   2   and  1 2  ------(1)
O , A, B , C are  0, 0  ,  2, 0  ,  2, 2  ,  0, 2  a a
2
respectively. Let after rotation A map into A' , B Also, 1 ,  2 are the roots of px  qx  r  0
map into B ' , C map into C ' , but the O map into q r
 1   2   and 1 2  ------(2)
p p
itself. if Co-ordinates of A ' , B' & C' are
Given system of equations ; 1 y   2 z  0
 x1, y1  ,  x2 , y2  and  x3 , y3  respectively.. and 1 y   2 z  0 , has non - trivial solution.
 x  1  1  3  2  1  1  2  
 1      =   0 1  1
 y1  2  3 1   0   3  1  2 2 2
Applying componendo - dividendo
'
 x1  1, y1  3  A  2, 0   A 1, 3 and   1   2 1   2

1   2 1   2
 x2  1  1  3 2 1 2  2 3 1 3
y   2          (1   2 )( 1   2 )  (1   2 )( 1   2 )
 2   3 1  2 2 2 3  2  3 1
 (1   2 ) 2{( 1   2 ) 2  4 1 2 }
 x 2  1  3, y2  3  1
 ( 1   2 ) 2 (1   2 ) 2  41 2 

 B  2, 2   B ' 1  3, 3  1  From Eqs. (1) and (2), we get
b 2  q 2 4 r  q 2  b 2 4c 
 x3  1  1  3  0 1 2 3  3 
a2  p2
  2 2  
p  p a a 
y   2     
2 2
 
 3  3 1     2   1  b 2 q 2 4b 2 r b 2 q 2 4q 2c
   
a 2 p 2 a 2 p a 2 p 2 ap 2
''
 x3   3, y3  1  C  0, 2   C  3,1  
b2 r q 2c b 2 ac
W.E-10: Show that the system of equations    2 
a p q pr
3x  y  4 z  3 , x  2 y  3 z  2 and
W.E-12: The system of linear equations,
6 x  5 y   z  3 has at least one solution for x + y + z = 6, x + 2y + 3z = 14 and

PINEGROVE 193
 MATRICES JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I

2x + 5y +  z =  have W.E-14: Show that the system ax  y  z  a,

(A) Infinitely many solutions when  = 8 x  by  z  b and x  y  cz  c is
and  = 36
inconsistent if abc  a  b  c  2  0 and
(B) Unique solution when   8
(C) No solution when  = 8 and   36 a, b, c are different from unity..
(D) No solution when  = 8 and  = 36 Sol. We have
Sol. (A,B,C) ; x + y + z = 6 a 1 1
x + 2y + 3z = 14; 2x + 5y +  z = 
  1 b 1  abc  a  b  c  2
1 1 1 6 1 1
1 1 c
D  1 2 3 , Dx  14 2 3
2 5   5 
a 1 1
1 6 1 1 1 6
 x  1 b 1  abc  a  b  c  2bc
Dy  1 14 3 , Dz  1 2 14
2   2 5  1 1 c
For unique solution D  0 see  for D non zero.  y  abc  b  a  c  2ac
For infinitely many solution D = Dx = Dy = Dz = 0
Solve for value of  and  . and  z  abc  c  a  b  2ab
But for a system to be inconsistent, it is sufficient
W.E-13: If 2 x  py  6 z  8, x  2 y  qz  5,
that   0 and least one of  x ,  y ,  z is non-zero.
x  y  3 z  4 . Then for which the planes
(i) have no common point (ii) have only one Rewriting  x as
common point (iii)intersect in a line  x  abc  a  b  c  2  2b  2c  2bc  2
2 p 6 = 0  2b  2c  2bc  2    0 
Sol: Here   1 2 q   p  2  q  3
= 2 1  b 1  c 
1 1 3
Similarly  y  2 1  c 1  a 
8 p 6
 z  2 1  a  a  c 
 1  5 2 q   4q  15  p  2  and
Now if a,b,c are different from unity  x ,  y ,  z
4 1 3
cannot vanish .Hence the result follows.
2 8 6 2 p 8
EXERCISE - V
  2  1 5 q  0  3  1 2 5  p  2
1 4 3 1 1 4 SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS
Case 1:   0 i.e., p  2 and q  3 , then given a b 
1. A  and MA  A2 m , m  N for some
system of equation has unique solution. b a 
Case 2: When   0 i.e., p  2 or q  3 matrix M, then which one of the following is
correct?
 When p  2,   0, 1  0,  2  0,  3  0
a 2m b2m 
Given system of equations has no solution, A) M   2m 
Concluding above, we can say that b a 2 m 
(i) no solution when p  2, q  3 . 2 2 m 1 0
B) M  ( a  b ) 
(ii) unique solution when p  2 and q  3 0 1 
(iii)infinetely many solutions when p  2

194 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I MATRICES

m m 1 0 1 3 2 
C) M  (a  b )    
0 1  matrix and A =  2 0 3  then the transpose
1 1 1 
2 2 m 1  a b
D) M  (a  b )   of matrix B is equal to
 b a 
 8 14 7   2 21 14 
 1 0 1 0     
2. If A   ,I   and A2  8 A   I ,

 1 7 

0 1  (A)  21 1 7  (B) 14 1 21
14 21 8   7 7 8 
then, the value of  is
(A) 7 (B) 8 (C) -7 (D) -8 1 0 0  3 1 0 
0 c  b    
(C) 0 1 0 (D) 1 1 0
3. If A    c 0 a  and 0 0 1  3 1 0 
 b a 0 
9. Let A is a 3  3 matrix and A   aij  33 . If for
2
a ab ac 
 2  every column matrix X, if X T AX  O and
B   ab b bc  then ( A  B ) 2 
 ac a23  2009 then a 3 2 
 bc c 2 
(A) 2009 (B) -2009 (C) 0 (D) 2008
(A) A (B) B (C) I (D) A2  B 2
cos  sin    1 0
10. I f A  ,B   ,
1 2  a 0  sin   cos    1 1 
4. Let A    and B    a, b  N then
3 4 0 b
C  ABAT then AT C n A equals to  n  N 
A) there exists exactly one B such that AB=BA
B) There exists infinitely many B’s such that n 1  1  n 
AB =BA A)   B)  
 1 0 0 1 
C) there cannot exist any B such that AB=BA
D) there exists more than one but finite number of 0 1   1 0
B’s such that AB=BA C)   D)  
1  n  n 1 
 1 2 11. Let   1 be be a cube root of unity and S be
5. If A    and if A6  KA  205 I then the set of all non-singular matrices of the form
 1 3 
(A) K  11 (B) K  22  1 a b
(C) K  33 (D) K  44   1 c
  , where each of a , b and c is
 0 1 0   2  1 
6. If A   1 1  and B  5 1  then the value of 
    either  or  2 . Then the number of distinct
for which A2 = B is [IIT-2003] matrices in the set S is (IIT - 2011)
(A) 1 (B) -1 (C) 4 (D) no real values A) 2 B) 6 C) 4 D) 8
7. Let A and B be two square matrices of the same 12. If  ,  ,  are the roots of the equation
order such that AB  BA, Am  O , Bn  O for
x 3  12 x 2  47 x  60  0 and P  ,  ,   lines in
some integers m and n, such that greatest
common divisor of m, n is 1. Then the least the plane 8x  4 y  3z  20 and
positive integer ‘r’ such that ( A  B)r  O is  3 2
A) m  n B) m  n 1  4 
A=  then A  adjA  
C) GCD m, n D) LCM m, n  2 2  
8. Let B  A3  2 A2  3 A  I where I is a unit

PINEGROVE 195
 MATRICES JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I

64 0 0  34 0 0   cos y 0 sin y 

   
A)  0 64 0  B)  0 34 0  G( y)   0 1 0  then
 
 0 0 64   0 0 34 
  sin y 0 cos y 
68 0 0   20 0 0 
    Adj ( F ( x )G ( y )) =
C)  0 68 0  D)  0 20 0 
(A) F (x) G(-y) (B) F 1  x  G 1  y 
 0 0 68  0 0 20 
(C) G1  y F1  x (D) G (  y ) F ( x)
 1 0 0
13. The inverse of the matrix A   a 1 0 is cos  sin  
19. Let    / 5 and A    then
 b c 1    sin  cos  
 1 0 0 1 0 0 B  A11  A12  A13  A14 is
 a   (A) singular (B) non-singular
1 0  a 0 0
(A)  (B)  (C) symmetric (D) Idempotent
ac  b  c 1  b  c 1
 b2  a2 2ab 
 1 0 0 1  a ac  b  a 2  b2 a 2  b 2 
 a 1 0 0 1 
   c  20. The matrix  2ab a 2  b 2  is
(C) (D)   a 2  b 2
 ac b 1 0 0 1  a 2  b 2 
A) Idempotent matrix B) Nilpotent matrix
0 1 2 1/ 2 1/ 2 1/ 2 C) Orthogonal matrix D) Unit matrix
 c  then
14. If A  1 2 
3  and A   4 3
1

5/ 2 3/ 2 1/ 2 1 5 1 5

 3 a 1  21. If i  1 , a  ,b then which
2 2
(A) a  2, c  1 / 2 (B) a  1, c  1 of the following matrix is idempotent
(C) a  1, c  1 (D) a  1 / 2, c  1 / 2 a i  b i 
15. If adj B  A and P  Q 1 then (A)   (B)  
 i b   i a
adj  Q 1 BP 1   a i  a b 
(A) APQ (B) PAQ (C) B (D) A (C)   (D)  
 i b b a 
1 x 22. P is an orthogonal matrix and A is a periodic
16. Let f(x) = . If A is matrix for which A3  0
1 x matrix with period 4, Q  PAPT then
then f  A is X  PT Q 2021P is equal to
A) I  A  A2 B) I+2A+2A2 A) A B) A2 C) A3 D) A4
C) I  A  A 2 D) 0 23. The point of intersection of the planes
17. Let P be a non-singular matrix and x  2 y  3 2 z  (1   )(1   )
I  P  P2 .......  Pn  O then P 1 is 2x  3 y  2 z  ( 1),3x   y  22 z   1
a) P n b) P c) P n 1 d) I (where  is an imaginary cube root of
cos x  sin x 0  unity,1    2  0, 3  1 ) is
 sin x cos x 0  , A) (1, 1, 1) B) (1, –1, 1)
18. If
F  x  
  C) (1, –1, –1) D) (–1, –1, –1)
 0 0 1  24. The number of 3  3 matrices A whose entries
are either 0 or 1 and for which the system

196 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I MATRICES

 x  1  0 
A  y   0  A) PX  0  B) PX  X
has exactly two distinct solutions  
 z  0  0 
is C) PX  2 X D) PX   X
A) 0 B) 29  1 C) 168 D) 2 30. If 2ax - 2y + 3z = 0, x + ay + 2z = 0 and
2x + az = 0 have a non-trivial solution then
25. For the equations x  2 y  3 z  1, (A) a = 2 (B) a = 1 (C) a = 0 (D) a = -1
31. If the equation 2x + 3y + 1 = 0, 2x + y - 1 = 0
2 x  y  3 z  2, 5 x  5 y  9 z  4 and ax + 2y - b = 0 are consistent then
(A) there is only one solution (A) a - b = 2 (B) a + b + 1 = 0
(B) there exist infinitely many solutions (C) a + b = 3 (D) a - b - 8 = 0
(C) there is no solution MULTI ANSWER QUESTIONS
(D) the equations are inconsistent.
26. The system of equations 6x  5y  z  0,   2 
32. If A 1  (where  2  1 and
3x  y  4z  0, x  2 y  3z  0 has  1  2 
(A) only a trivial solution for   R 1 ,  2 , 1 ,  2 are non-zero) satisfies the
(B) exactly one nontrivial solution for some equation x 2  k  0 then
real  A) trace A = 0 B) 1 2  0
(C) infinite number of nontrivial solutions for one C) det A = 0 D) det A = -1
value of  1 0 a b 
2012
(D) none of these. 33. If A    and A   c d  then which
27. One of the values of k for which the planes 2 1  
kx  4 y  z  0, 4 x  ky  2 z  0 and of the following is(are) correct
a) a=d b) a+b+c+d = 4026
2 x  2 y  z  0 intersect in a straight line
c) a  b  d  2
2 2 2 d) b = 2012
A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3
28. Let ‘X’ be the solution set of the equation 34. If A is 3  3 matrix whose (i, j )th element is
 0 1 1  2 if i  j

A   4 3 4  given by aij  1 if i  j  1 then
A x  I where and I is the  0 else where
 3 3 4  
corresponding unit matrix and x  N .Then the A) A is symmetric B) Trace A = 6
C) det A is a perfect square
minimum value of  (cos x   sin x  ),  R
D) A1 is skew symmetric
is
A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D) 8 5 7 3 
29. If P is a 3  3 matrrix such that PT  2 P  I 35. Given that A  1 5 2  and
where PT is the transpose of P and I is 3  3 3 2 1 
identity matrix then there exists a column
A3  kA2  A  I then
 x  0  A) K = 11 B)   15 C) k = -111 D)   10
matrix X   y   0  such that (IIT - 2012) 36. About a square matrix the following
   
 z  0  statements given are observed
1) Sum of the eigen values of A is the trace of
A
2) The product of eigen values of A is equal to
the determinant of A
3) All eigen values of A are non - zero if and

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 MATRICES JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I

only if A is non - singular D) The matrix of product of two invertible square

4) If A1 exists then the eigen values of A1 matrices of same order is also invertible.
are equal to the reciprocals of eigen values of 0 0 1 
A
Which of the following will be correct w.r.t the 41. If A  0 1 0  then
above statements 1 0 0 
A) 3,4 are true B) 2,3 are true and 1 is false (A) Adj A is a zero matrix
C) 2,3,4 are true D) 1,2,3,4 are true
 0 0 1
cos   sin   cos 2 sin 2 
37. L e t A   sin   , B
 cos 2  (B) Adj A   0 1 0 
 cos    sin 2  
 1 0 0 

where 0    then which of the following (C) A-1 = A (D) A2  I
2
is(are) true 42. P is a non-singular matrix and A,B are two
2 1 matrices such that B  P 1 AP then the true
A)  AB   I B)  AB   AB C) BAB  A1
statements among the following are
D) The least positive value of  for which A) A is invertible iff B is invertible
2 B) B n  P 1 An P n  N
BA4 B  A1 is 3
C)   R, B   I  P 1 ( A   I ) P
 0 0 1 D) A,B are both singular matrices
38. If A   0 1 0  then 43. If A and B are respectively a symmetric and a
 1 0 0  skew symmetric matrix such that AB = BA
then
A) Trace of A is -1 B) Trace of A2012 is 3 A) ( A  B) 1 ( A  B) is orthogonal matrix when
C) A is an involutary matrix D) Trace of A2013 is 1 ( A  B ) is non- singular..
 l1 m1 n1  B) ( A  B) 1 ( A  B) is orthogonal matrix when
l m2 n2  ( A  B ) is non- singular..
39. If the matrix  2 is orthogonal then
l3 m3 n3  C) det  ( A  B ) 1 ( A  B )   1 and
A) (l1 , m1 , n1 ), (l2 , m2 , n2 ), (l3 , m3 , n3 ) can be the
det  ( A  B) 1 ( A  B )   1
Dc’s of a line
B) The rays with Dc’s (l1 , m1 , n1 ), D)det ( A  B ) 1 ( A  B )   1 and
(l2 , m2 , n2 ), (l3 , m3 , n3 ) are orthogonal det  ( A  B) 1 ( A  B )   1
C) The rays are parallel
44. Which of the following statement (s) is/are true
D) The rays lie on the same plane
40. Which of the following statements are false about square matrix A of order n?
1
A) If A and B are square matrices of same order A)   A  is equal to  A1 when n is odd only
such that ABAB=0 then it follows that
BABA = 0 B) If An  0, then
B) Let A and B be different nxn matrices with real 1
I  A  A2 .....  An 1   I  A 
entries. If A3  B3 and A2 B  B 2 A then
C) If A is a skew symmetric matrix of odd
A2  B 2 is invertible order then its inverse does not exist
C) If A is square singular and symmetic matrix then
1 T
1 D)  AT    A1  holds always
 A  
1 1
is skew symmetric

198 PINEGROVE
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1 4 4  4  3  3

2 1 7 C1   1  , C2   0  , C3   1  then
   
45. If the adjoint of a 3  3 matrix P is  
1 1 3  4   4   3 
then the possible values of the determinant of 50. det ( A0  A0 2 B0 2  A0 3  A0 4 B0 4  ....... up to 10
P is (are) (IIT - 2012) terms) =
A) -2 B) -1 C) 1 D) 2 A) 1000 B) -800 C) 0 D) -8000
46. If A is symmetic and B is skew symmetric and
A+B is non singular and also 51. B1  B2  ........  B49 
1 A) B0 B) 7 B0 C) 49 B0 D) 51 B0
C   A  B  A  B  then
52. For a variable matrix the equation A0 X  C1
A) C T  A  B  C  A  B B) C T  A  B  C  A  B
will have
C) C T AC  A D) C T AC  O A) unique solution B) No solution
C) Infinitely many solutions D) None
1  1 1 i
47. The matrix A    is Paragraph - II
3 1  i 1 
A) Idempotent B) Involutary 1 0 0
1 0 1  n n2 2
C) A  A
1 D) adj A = A Let A 
  satisfies A  A  A  I for
0 1 0
48. If S is a real skew symmetric matrix then
which of the following is true n  3 . Further consider a matrix B33 with
A) I - S is non-singular
1
colums B1 , B2 , B3 such that
B)  I  S  I  S  is orthogonal
1
1 0 0
C)  I  S  I  S  is non-singular 50   50  
A B1  25 , A B2  1 , A B3  0
50

D) I+S is non- singular   then

25 0 1
49. If a > b > c > 0 and system of equation
ax + by + cz = 0 ,bx + cy + az = 0 53. Deteminant of A50 
and cx + ay + bz = 0 have a non-trivial solution A) 0 B) 1 C) -1 D) 25
then both roots of the equation 54. Trace of A 50
at2 + bt + c = 0 are A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3
(A) real (B) of opposite sign
(C) positive (D) complex 55. Sum of product of elements of B1 with its
corresponding cofactors in the adjoint matrix
COMPREHENSION TYPE QUESTIONS B is equal to
Paragraph - I A) Trace of B B) Det (2B)
4 3 3 C) Trace of A2 D) Det ( B3 )
 2 2 4
  B  1 0 1  Paragraph - III
If A0  1 3 4  and 0 
 4 4 3  For a given square matrix A, if there exists a
 1 2 3 matrix B such that AB  BA  I then B is
, Bn  adj ( Bn1 ), n  N and I is an identity called inverse of A. Every non–singular
square matrix possesses inverse and it exists
matrix of order 3. C1 , C2 , C3 represent the
adj(A)
column matrix of B0 as shown if A  0 ,A–1= adjA = |A| (A–1).
det (A)

2 3
56. Let a matrix A =   then it will satisfy
1 2 

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 MATRICES JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I

the equation (A) a unique solution

(A) A2  4 A  I  O (B) A2  4 A  I  O (B) infinitely many solutions
(C) A2  4 A  5 I  O (D) A2  4 A  5 I  O (C) no solution (D) finite number of solutions
60. Let 2 x  y  z  4, x  3 y  2 z  12,
2 3
57. Let a matrix A =   then A–1 will be 3 x  2 y  kz  10 . The value of k in the
1 2 
above system of equations so that system does
 2 3  3 2  not have a unique solution is
(A)   (B)  
 1 2   2 1 (A) 2 (B) 3 (C) -1 (D) -2
61. If x  y  z  6, x  2y  3z  10, x  2y   z   the
 1 2   2 3 
(C)   (D)   values of  and  for which the system has
 2 3  1 2 infinitely many solutions is
3 2  (A)   3,   9 (B)   3,   10
58. Let matrix A =   satisfies the
1 1  (C)   2,   10 (D)   10,   3
equation A2  aA  bI  O then the value Paragraph - V
of a  b  1 0 0 
 
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 Let A   2 1 0  be a square matrix and
Paragraph - IV  3 2 1 
a11x1  a12 x 2  ..............a1n x n  b1 C1 , C2 , C3 be 3 column matrices satisfying
Let
a 21x1  a 22 x 2  ..............a 2n x n  b 2
1  2 2
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -   
AC1  0 , AC2   3   
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - and AC3   3  of matrix B. If
0 0  1 
an 1x1  an2 x2  ...................  ann xn  bn be a
system of n linear equations in n unknowns. 1
the matrix C  AB then
Then this can be written in the matrix form as 3
AX=B Where 62. The value of sum of elements of B 1 is
A) -1 B) 0 C) 4 D) 2
 x1   b1 
    63. The ratio of trace of matrix A to the det of
 x2   b2  matrix B is
 x3   b3 
    A) 1 : 3 B) 2 :3 C) 1 : 1 D) 3 : 1
A= [ aij ]n n , X   .  , B   .  Then
.  .  64. The value of sin 1 A  cos 1 C is (where A is
    determinant of A)
.  . 
x  b    
 n  n
A) B) C) D) 1
2 3 4
(I) If |A|  0, the system is consistent, and
Paragraph - VI
has a unique solution given by X  A1 B
Consider the system of equations
(II) If |A| =0 and (adj A) B =0, then the system
is consistent and has infinitely many solutions.  3 2 1   x   b 
A  5 8 9   y    3 
(III) If = 0 and (adj A ) B  0, then the     .
system is inconsistent.  2 1 a   z   1
59. The system of equations
Now answer the following questions.
2 x  y  3 z  1, x  y  2 z  5, x  y  z  1 has

200 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I MATRICES

65. The values of a,b for which the system has no 72. Match the following : For 3  3 matrix, aij
solution
represents the element of i th row and j th
A) a  3, b  I B) a  3, b  1/ 3
column.
C) a  3, b  1 / 3 D) a  3, b  1/ 3 Column - I
66. The values of a,b for which the system has A) aij  a jk  aki  0 then
unique solution
B) aij  a jk  aki  0 then
A) a  3, b  I B) a  3, b  I
C) aij  a jk  aki  (1)i  (1) j
C) a  3, b  1 / 3 D) a  3, b  1/ 3
67. The values of a,b for which the system has D) (1)i  j aij  (1) j  k a jk  (1) k i aki  0
infinite solutions Column - II
A) a  3, b  I B) a  3, b  1/ 3 P) Symmetric
Q) Skew symmetric
C) a  3, b  1 / 3 D) a  3, b  1/ 3 R) All diagonal elements are zeroes
Passage - VII S) Value of determinant is zero
Consider the system of equations T) Trace of the matrix is zero
ax+4y+z=0, 2y+3z–1=0 and 3x–bz+2=0 a b c
68. The system of equations has a unique solution  b 
73. If abc  1 and A   c a
is an orthogonal
(A) ab = 15 (B) ab  15  b c a 
(C) ab  R (D) can not say matrix then
69. The system of equations has infinite solutions if COLUMN-I COLUMN-II
(A) ab = 15, a = 3, b = 5 (B) ab  15, a = 3, b = 5 A) The value of a  b  c can be, P) -1
(C) ab = 15, b = 3, a = 5 (D) ab = 10, a = 2, b = 5 B) The value of ab  bc  ca is Q) 0
70. The system of equations has no solutions if C) The value of a 2  b 2  c 2 is R) 1
(A) ab = 15, a  3, b  5 (B) ab = 15, a = 3, b = 5 D) The value of a 3  b3  c 3 can be S) 2
(C) ab = 15, a  3 (D) ab  15
 1 tan x 
MATRIX MATCHING QUESTIONS 74. Let A   tan x 1 

4a 2 4a 1  f (  1)   3 a 2  3 a  COLUMN I
 2   
 4b 4b 1  f (1)    3b 2  3b 
71. If   where f(x) (A) A1 (B)  adjA  1
 4c 2 4c 1  f (2)   3c 2  3 c 

(C) adj  adjA  (D) adj  2 A 
is a quadratic function and f ( x)  ax 2  bx  c
COLUMN II
whose maximum value occurs at a point V say
( ,  ) . Let A be the point of intersection of  1 tan x 
(P) 
 tan x 1 
y  f ( x ) with negative x-axis, say (p,o) and
point B is such that the chord AB subtends a  1  tan x
right angle at V. Let B be (r,s). Let  be the (Q) 2 
tan x 1 
area enclosed by y  f ( x ) and the chord AB.
Then 1 1  cos 2 x  sin x 
(R) 
COLUMN-I COLUMN-II 2  sin 2 x 1  cos 2 x 
A)     P) 125/3
B) p  Q) -7 1  cos x sin 2 x 
(S)  
C) r  s  R) -2   sin 2 x 1  cos 2 x 
D)   S) 1

PINEGROVE 201
 MATRICES JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I

INTEGER QUESTIONS 83. If 2x  3y  3z  0 ;

 2 1 5x  2y  2z  19
75. Consider three matrices A ,
 4 1 x  7y  5z  5
Then the value of x  y  z is
 3 4  3 4 
B  and C    then the 1 0 
 2 3  2 3  84. If A    and A  KA   I then K   
8

 1 2 
 ABC 
absolute value of det( A)  det    
 2  1 0 0 
 
 A  BC  2   A  BC 3  A   i
1  i 3
0 
 det    det   + ----  is 2 
 4   8  85. If   is the given
    0 1  i 3 
 1  2i 
76. If  3  6 2  7  2  0 is the characteristic 2
equation of a matrix A then trace A + det A is matrix then trace of A102 will be equal to
a b  T a b 
77. A    , AA  2 I . If P ( ,  ) divides 86. If A    is nth root of 4I 2 then the value
 c d  0 a 
Q (1, 2) and R (2,5) in the ratio c : b then of a n (n  N ) is
    0 1 0 
78. Let A be a matrix of order 2  2 such that 87. If A    ,B    then the number of
1 1 5 1 
A2  O. If ( I  A)100  I   A,  R t h e n real values of  for which A2  B happens is/
numerical value of   96 is are
79. A be the set of 3x3 matrices formed by entries  i i   1 1
0, –1 and 1 only. There are three (1), three (– 88. If A  ,B    and if
 i i   1 1 
1) and three (0). The number of symmetric
A8   B,   R  then the numerical value of
K
matrices with trace (A) = 0 is K then is 
6 is
32
1  1 1 i   
80. If A 
3 
T

1  i 1  and if AA     
 
  cos x  sin x 0
then numerical value of        is 89. If f  x   sin x cos x 0  then the value

T
(here A means Transposed conjugate of A)  0 0 1
81. If A and B are any two square matrices of of k such that f    f     k f (    )
2 2
order 3 with A  B and A B  B A  A  B 
3 3
90. Let M be a 2  2 matrix such that
then det  A2  B 2  =  1   1  1  1 
M      and M     
2

2 1  1  2   1 0

82. If A    and if If x1 and x2  x1  x2  are the two values of x
 4 2 
  for which det (M - XI)=0 where I is identity
I  2 A  3 A2  .......   then
   matrix of order 2 then the value of 5 x1  2 x2 is

numerical value of        is

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74) A-R; B-S; C-P, D-Q

1 1 3
5 2 6 INTEGER QUESTIONS
91. The matrix   is a nilpotent matrix 75) 2 76) 4 77) 5 78) 4 79) 6 80) 2 81) 0
 2 1 3
82) 2 83) 1 84) 1 85) 3 86) 4 87) 0 88) 1
of index 89) 1 90) 8 91) 3 92) 8 93) 5 94) 1
1 2 1
 4 1 1
92. If the adjoint of a 3  3 matrix P is   EXERCISE -V - HINTS
 4 7 3
SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS
then sum of squares of possible values of 1. Clearly option (D) Satisfies the given conditions.
determinant of P is
 1 0  1 0  1 0 
93. Let (x, y, z) be a non-zero solution of the 2. A2     
equations x   y  2 z  0 , 2 x   z  0 and  1 7   1 7   8 49 

2 x  2 y  3 z  0 where   R then the value  8 0   0 

8A  I    
x yz  8 56   0  
of is
y 8   0  8  1
  ;    7
94. The equations x  ky  3z  0, 3x  ky  2z  0,  8 56   
2x  3y  4z  0 possess a nontrivial solution
then the value of 2k/33 is 0 0 0 
AB  0 0 0  0
3.
0 0 0 33
EXERCISE -V - KEY
SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS  1 2   a 0   a 2b 
4. AB     
1) D 2)C 3)D 4)B 5)D 6)D 7)D  3 4   0 b   3a 4b 
8)A 9)A 10)D 11)A 12)C 13)A 14)B  a 01 2
BA    
15)B 16)B 17)A 18)D 19)B 20)C 21)C  0 b3 4
22)A 23)D 24)A 25)A 26)C 27)C 28)A
 a 2b 
29)D 30)A 31)A   AB  BA  a  b
MULTI ANSWER QUESTIONS  3a 4b 
32)AB 33)ABC 34)ABC 35)AB 5. A2  4 A  5 I ; A3  11A  20 I
36)ACD 37)ABCD 38)ABC 39)AB A6  A3 . A3  44 A  205 I
40)ABC 41)BC 42)ABC 43)AB  0  1 0  2
6. Given, A   1 1  and B  5 1  and A  B
44)BC 45)AD 46)ABC 47)BCD    
48)ABCD 49)AC  0   0    2 0 
 A2       A2  B
COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS  1 1   1 1    1 1 
50) C 51) C 52) B 53) B 54) D 55) D 56) A   2 0  1 0 
   
57) A 58) C 59) A 60) B 61) B 62) B 63) C    1 1  5 1 
64) A 65) D 66) A 67) B 68)B 69)A 70)C or  2  1 and   1  5
MATRIX MATCHING QUESTIONS which is not possible at the same time
71) A-S; B-R; C-Q; D-P  no real values of  .

72) A-Q,R,S,T; B-P,R,T; C-R,T;D-Q,R,S,T 7. ( A  B ) r  Ar  rc1 Ar 1 B  .......  B r  0 if ‘r’’

73) A-P,R; B-Q; C-R, D-S is L.C.M of m,n
8. The matrices A3 and A2 can be computed as usual.
PINEGROVE 203
 MATRICES JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I

 A3  2 A2  3 A  I 1     2  0, 1  2 3   3  0
 24 14 34  9 1 13 Thus the det A  0 if and only if a  c  
18 8 26  2 5 3 7 
=    Thus b can take two values b   ,  2 .
 4 0 6  0 2 0  Hence the number of matrices is 2.
 1 3 2  1 0 0  12. A     8  4   2   28
3  2 0 3   0 1 0   60  20  28
1 1 1  0 0 1    product of roots  60 
 8 14 7  =68 , 8  4   2  20 as p lines on the plane
 B '   21 1  7 
 1 0 0
14 21 8   a 1 0
13. adj A = 
 X1  ac  b  c 1
X   X 2  |A| = 1
9. Let  X 1. A. X  0
 X 3 
 1 0 0
2 2 2
 a11 X  a22 X  a33 X   a12  a21  X 1 X 2  A 
1
  a 1 0 
1 2 3

  a13  a31  X 1 X 3   a23  a32  X 2 X 3  0  a c  b c 1 

This is true X i 14. we must have AA1  I
a11  a22  a33  0 ; a12  a21  0 (3,1)th entry of AA 1  0 = (1, 3)th entry of

a13  a31  0 ; a23  a32  0 AA 1

1 5
 a32  a23    2009   2009  3   a   4   1  0
2 2
10. AT A  I  C n   ABAT  ABAT  --- 1 1
 0 1 c  2 = 0
2 2
 ABA  (n times )
T
= AB n AT
 4a  4  0 and c+1 =0
 1 0  a =1 and c = - 1.
 AT C n A  AT AB n AT A  B n   
 n 1  15. Adj  Q 1.B.P 1   Adj  Q 1.B  P 1
11. Given a, b, c   ,  2 
 AdjP 1. Adj  Q 1.B 
1 a b  AdjP 1. Adj.B. AdjQ 1  PAQ .
M   1 c
Let but 16.  I  A f  A  I  A
2  1
1
 f  A   I  A  I  A
M  1  (a  c)  ac 2 observe the table
a c a  c ac  I  A  A   I  A   I  2 A  2 A  A
2 2 3
 0

 2 1 1 17. I  P  P 2    P n  0
  2  2  P 1  I  P     P n 1  0
2  1 1  p 1    I  P    P n 1      P n   P n
2 2
2  2 
18. {F ( x).G ( y )}1  G 1  y  .F 1  x  if
The possible value of 1  (a  c)  ac 2 are
f  x   0. G  x   0
1     2  0, 1  2 2    3 2 ,
204 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I MATRICES

Here , f  x   1. G  y   1 1   2 2 3 2
1   2   3  2
 cos x sin x 0 =
 1  2
F 1  x    sin x cos x 0  F  x 
Also ,
 0 0 1  1    2 3 0 6 6
  1  3 1   1  3 1
=
cos y 0  sin y  1 1 2 1 1 2
1  
and G  y    0 1 0   G  y 
=   1 6(2  1)  6(  3) 
 sin y 0 cos y 
=   1 6  12 
1 1
  F  x  .G  y    G 1  y  F  x = 6   1  2  = 6  2    2  =18
 G   y F  x 24. The system can have unique or infinitely many
solutions. If can not have two distinct solutions.
n  cos n sin n  1 2 3
19. We have A    sin n cos n 
  Here,   2 1 3  0
We have cos   cos 2  cos3  cos 4  0 25.
5 5 9
 5  
And sin   sin 2  sin 3  sin 4 6 5 
3 1 4  0
  26.
 4 cos cos  a(say) 1 2 3
5 10
  K 4 1
B  a 2  16cos 2cos 2  0 4 K 2 0
5 10 27.
 B is non singular 2 2 1
20. Every row vecor is a unit vector and every pair of 28. Clearly A2  A4  A6 ......  I
vectors are orthoganal. It is orthogonal.
x  2, 4,8.....   cos x   sin x  
2
a i  a i   a  1 a  bi
21.  i . 
b   i b   a  b  i

b2  1    cos 2   cos 4   ...   sin 2   84   ....

 a2 1  a , a  b  1  cot 2   sec 2   2
29. We have PT  2 P  I  PT  2 P  I  (1)
1 5 1 5
a .b 
2 2  P  2 PT  I  (2)
22. We have PPT  I , A5  A  From (1) and (2)
Q 2021  PA2021 PT P   I  ( P  I ) X  0  PX   X
 X  A2021  A2 2a 2 3
2 2 1 a 2 0
1 2 3 1 2 3 30.
2 0 a
  2 3 2 0  5 2
23. = 2a3 - 4a - 8 = 0   ;  a3 - 2a - 4 = 0
3  2 2 0 5 7 2
(a - 2) (a2 + 2a + 2) = 0 ; a = 2
= 1(7–25) = –18 31. 2x + 3y + 1 = 0
2x + y - 1 = 0 on solving x = 1, y = -1
If equations are consistent, then
a(1) + 2(-1) - b = 0 ; a - b - 2 = 0

PINEGROVE 205
 MATRICES JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I

MULTI ANSWER QUESTIONS 38. Tr ( A)  1 , Tr ( A)  1

32. A2   kI  A2012  ( I )1006  I  Tracef of A2012 is 3. A
is involutary.
1  2  1  2    K 0  39. Every row vector is unit vector and the vectors of
        0  K 
 1 2 1 2  any two rows are orthogonal.

2 1 0  1 0   1 0   2a 0 0 
33. A      SAS   0 2b 0  
1
2 1 2 1 4 1 diagonal also
 0 0 2c 
1 0   1 0 1 0 
 A3      Invertible
4 1 2 1 6 1 
1 1
 1 0
40. A   A and ( AB ) 1  B 1 A1
A2012   
 4024 1  0 0 1 
 a  d , a  b  c  d  4026 A  0 1 0 
41.
1 0 0 
 2 1 0 
A   1 2 1 |A| = -1
34.
 0 1 2   0 0 1
 0 1 0 
5 7 3  Adj.A =  
1 5 2 0  1 0 0 
35.
3 2 1  Hence A-1 = A
 (5   )(5  6   2  4) 42. B  P 1 AP, B 2  ( P 1 AP )( P 1 AP )
n 1 n
7( 5   )  3(2  15  3 )  0  P 1 A2 P  B  P A P n  N
 5 2  30  5   3  6 2 B  P 1 AP  P 1 A P  A
  35  7  39  9  0
 if A  0 then B  0
  3  11 2  15  1  0
  3  11 2  15  1  0 P 1 ( A   I ) P  P 1 AP  P 1 P  B   I
1 T 1
 A3  11A2  15 A  I  0  K  11, l  15 43.  A  B ( A  B )  A  B   ( A  B )T 
36. Write the characteristic equation 1
  A  B  ( A  B )  A  B  ( A  B ) 1
cos   2   sin   2   
37. AB   sin   2 
    cos   2   44.  A 
T 1

adj   A 

A
2
  AB   I   AB  AB   I  A1  BAB
n 1
1  1 adj  A  adj  A 
 AB   AB  B A  AB1 1
n  A1  n 
 1 A A
 BB 1 A1  BAB  A1  BAB
given An  0 now
BA4 B  A1  B 1 BA4 B  B 1 A1
4 1  I  A   I  A  A2 ......  An 1   I  An  I
 A B   AB   AB
1
  I  A   I  A  .....  An 1
 A4  A  cos 4  cos  ,sin 4  sin 
2 45. det (adJ P )  (det P) 2  det P  2 or  2
4  2     
3
206 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I MATRICES

1
46.  A  B  C   A  B  A  B   A  B   A  B  2 3  2 3
56,57,58 A2    
1 T 1 2  1 2 
CT   A  B 
T
 A  B    4  3 6  6 7 12
1 = 2  2 3  4   4 7 
  A  B
T
 A  B   T
   

T 1 1
 7 12   8 12   1 0
  A  B  A  B   A  B  A  B     O
 4 7   4 8  0 1 
CT  A  B  C
A2  4A I  0
1
  A  B  A  B   A  B   A  B -------1
Taking transpose
 
A1 A2  4A1A A1I  0
T
T
 CT  A  B  CT    A  B 
T
A  4I  A1  A1  4I  A
 C T  A  B  C  A  B ----------2 1 0 2 3 4 0 2 3
A1  4     
0 1  1 2   0 4   1 2 
1  2  C T .2 A.C  2 A  C T AC  A
 2  3
47. A2  I  A1  A  adj A  A  
 1 2 
48. ((I+S)(I–S) –1 )T (I+S) (I–S)–1 Clearly a = -4, b = 1
= ((I–S)–1)T (I+S)T(I+S)(I–S)–1 4
= (I+S)–1 (I–S)(I+S) (I–S)–1   x 3 cos xdx  0
=
(I+S)–1 (I+S) (I–S)(I–S)–1 = I 4
: . (I+S) (I–S)–1 is orthogonal .
a  4b 4  4
a b c Also  0
4a  b 4  4  1
 b c a 0 59,60,61
49
c a b
 2 1 3 
 a + b + c = 0 or a = b = c
a>b>c  a+b+c=0 A  1 1 2 
 
 1 is a root of at2 + bt + c = 0 1 1 1 
c
Other root is 0  A  2 1  2   11  2   3 1  1  0
a
COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS The solution is unique
. If the system does not have a unique solution the
50,51,52. B0 2  I and A0 2  A0 value of the determinant of coefficients =0
2
 det ( A0  A0  .........10terms ) 2 1 1
 det(10 A0 )  1000 1 3 2 0 k 3
X0=0 3 2 k
B1  B2  ...........B49  B0
. The required conditions are A  0 and (Adj A)
A0 X  C1 has no solution. B=0
53,54,55. A50  A48  A2  I 1 1 1
 1 0 0  1 2 3  0,
and
 25 A  24 I   25 1 0   det A50  1
2
1 2 
 
 25 0 1 
and Trace A50  3

PINEGROVE 207
 MATRICES JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I

 2  6 2   1  6   0   1 2 0 
   3   1  210    0  1
B   7 5 3
1
     3
 0 1 1     0   9 6 3 
i.e., 2  6  3     0  0 and Sum of elements = 0
65,66,67
0.6 - 10 +   0    3,   10
  14a  42,   8ab  9b  6a  13
62,63,64
 14( a  3)  15b  5at a  3
1 0 0   a  1 
 2 1 0   b    0  a  3, b  R, unique solution
     1
 3 2 1   c   0 a  3, b  , no solution
3
 a  1, 2a  b  0  b  2 1
a  3, b  , infinite solutions.
3a  2b  c  0  c  1 3
68,69,70
1 0 0   d   2 
2 1 0  e   3 The system can be written as
     ax + 4y + z = 0, 0x + 2y + 3z = 1
 3 2 1   f   0  & 3x + 0y – bz = -2,
 d  2, 2d  e  3  e  1 a 4 1
0 2 3  30  2ab
3d  2e  f  0  6  2  f  0  f  4  D=
3 0 b
1 0 0   p   2
 2 1 0   q    3 0 4 1
    
 3 2 1   r  1  Dx = 1 2 3  4b  20
2 0 b
 p  2, 2 p  q  3  q  1
a 0 1
3 p  2 q  r  1  r  3
Dy = 0 1 3   ab  6a  3
1 2 2 3 2 b
B   2 1 1 a 4 0
 1 4 3
Dz = 0 2 1  4a  12
B  1 1  2  7   2  9   3 3 0 2
Now the system will have unique solution
1 0 0   1 2 2  if D  0  ab  15
C   2 1 0   2 1 1 If ab = 15, let us write Dx, Dy, Dz, we get
 3 2 1   1 4 3 Dx = 4b  20, Dy  6a  18, Dz  4a  12
we note that there is a value of a for which Dx, Dy,
1 2 2 
1 Dz vanish simultaneously which is obviously a = 3;
 0 3 3  A  1, C  1 Also for a  3 all the determinants become non-
3
0 0 1  zero. Thus the system will have infinite solutions if
ab = 15, a=3 and will have no solutions if ab = 15, a
  1 7 9  3.
2   5    6  MATRIX MATCHING QUESTIONS
0 3 3 4a 2 f (1)  4af (1)  f (2)  3a 2  3a
71.
4b 2 f (1)  4bf (1)  f (2)  3b 2  3b

208 PINEGROVE
JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I MATRICES

______________________________ 3
2 2  2 y  3 x  6  y   x  3
4 f (1)(a  b )  4 f (1)(a  b) 2
 3(a 2  b 2 )  3(a  b)  3x  2 y  6  0
4 f ( 1)( a  b)  4 f (1)  3(a  b)  3 x2 3 x 2 3x
y1  y2    1  x  3     4
4 f (1)  3 4 f (1)  3 4 2 4 2
3/ 2
3 3 9 1 
f (1)  , f (1)  ,   4   4
4 4  125 8
4 4   
1 8 3
4a  2b  c  0 6
f (2)  0 16
; 3
f (2)  0 a  b  c  72. Put i  j  k and then j  k , k  i etc.
4
73. a 2  b 2  c 2  1, ab  bc  ca  0
3
abc   (a  b  c) 2  1  a  b  c  1
4
__________________ a 3  b3  c 3  3abc
2b  0  b  0  (a  b  c)(a 2  b 2  c 2  ab  bc  ca )
4a  c  0  1
3  a 3  b 3  c3  1  3  4 or 2
ac
4
——————————  1 tan x 
74. A  
3 1   tan x 1 
3a    a  
4 4  1  tan x 
 adj ( A)  
3 1
c   1  tan x 1 
4 4
adj  A 
1
f ( x)   x 2  1  A1 
4 A
( ,  )  (0,1)  1  tan x 
1

1  tan 2 x  tan x 1 
A  ( 2, 0)  P   2
x2
  cos 2 x  sin x cos x 
4  1  1  x  8 B (8, 15)  
x 2
sin x cos x cos 2 x 
(-3, 0) 1 1  cos 2 x  sin 2 x 

2  sin 2 x 1  cos 2 x 

(0, 1)  ( A)  R 
 1  tan x 
Adj  AdjA   A
 tan x 1 
 x 2 
 x, 4  1 1 Adj  AdjA 
    AdjA  
AdjA
3
y  0   ( x  2)
2

PINEGROVE 209
 MATRICES JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I

1 1  cos 2 x sin 2 x  If A2  B 2  0 then A  B  0  A  B

 
2   sin 2 x 1  cos 2 x   A2  B 2  0
 B   S ; and C   P  82. Let S  I  2 A  3 A2  ......
 1  tan x  AS  A  2 A2  ......
2 A  2
 tan x 1  _______________________
(adj 2 A)  2 21 adj ( A) ( I  A) S  I  A  A2  .....
 1  tan x  I
 2 D  Q   I ( I  A) 1
 tan x 1  IA
INTEGER QUESTIONS 1 0   2 1   1 1
I A   
75. BC  I 0 1   4 2   5 3 
 A  A
 det  A   det    det   + -------  ( I  A) 1
2 4 S
IA
 1 1 
 det  A   1         2 1 3 1
 2 4  ( I  A) 1    ( I  A) 1 
2
 
2  5 1
76. In the characeristic equation sum of the roots gives
trace and product of roots gives det of the
matrix 1 3 1  3 1 

 2c  b 5c  2b  4  5 1  5 1
77.    ( ,  )
 bc bc 
 1
7c  3b 1  4 2   1 2
       
bc 4  10 4   5
 1
a b  a c   2 0  2 
 c d  b d   0 2
    
      2
a b  2 ; c d  2
2 2 2 2

83. 2x  3y  3z  0 ...(1)
ac  bd  0  b  c
78.   100 ;   96  4 5x  2y  2z  19 ...(2)
79. The elements 0, –1, 1 can be arranged in the x  7y  5z  5 ...(3)
principal diagnol in 3. ways (and remaining places 5  (3)  (2)  37y  27z  6 ...(4)
can be filled 3! ways corresponding to each case
2  (3)  (1)  11y  7z  10 ...(5)
 aij  a ji  Solving (4) & (5) we have
K y  6, z  8
:. No of matrices = 3! 3! = 36  6
from (1) x = 3
6
x + y –z = 3 + 6 –8 = 1
T 1  1 1 i 1  1 1 i
80. AA      1  0
3 1  i 1  3 1  i 1  84. =0  1    2     0
1 2
1  3 0  1 0 
    2  3   2  0  A2  3 A  2 I
3 0 3 0 1 
A4   3 A  2 I  3 A  2 I 
      2
 9 A2  12 A  4 I  15 A  14 I
81.  A2  B 2   A  B   A3  A2 B  B 2 A  B3  0 8
A  15 A  14 I 15 A  14 I 

210 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV JR-MATHS VOL-I MATRICES

 225  3 A  2 I   420 A  196 I  1 1 3  1 1 3 

  
= 255 A  254 I  K  l  1 91.  5 2 6   5 2 6 
85. A3 =I  A102  I  trace  3  2 1 3  2 1 3

4 0 a n bn   0 0 0   1 1 3  0 0 0
n
86.  0 4   a 4.   3 3 9   5 2 6   0 0 0 
  0 an 
 1 1 3  2 1 3 0 0 0 
 0  1 0  2
87. Given, A   1 1  and B  5 1  and A  B A3  0  Index  3
   
1 2 1
 0   0    2 0 
2 2
 A     P  4 1 1  4  P  2
 1 1   1 1    1 1  92.
4 7 3
 A2  B

  2 0  1 0  1 2
    or  2  1 and   1  5
   1 1  5 1  93. 2 0   0 
2 x 2 3
which is not possible at the same time
 no real values of  . 1 ( 1(2 )  x(6  2 2 )  2( 4)  0

 i i   i i  = 2 3  4  8  0 =  3  2  4  0
2
88. A      K
  i i   i i  Let z = K  x  ,
2
 2 2   1 1  K
   2 
 2 2   1 1 2y = 2 x   3K
2
 1 1   1 1   (  2)( x 2  22   2)  0
A4  4   
 1 1  1 1 =  =2

 2 2   1 1 3K   2 K
 4  4 3K –x2K = y 
  2
 2 2   1 1 
 K 3K   2 K
 1 1  1 1  K
A8  16    2 2
 1 1   1 1  3K   2 K
 2 2   1 1 2
 16    32    32 B
 2 2   1 1     3   2  2   2    1 5
=   5
89. Clearly f ( ). f ( )  f (   )  k  1 3 2 3 2 1
1 k 3
a b 
90. Let m    94. Coefficient of det = 0  3 k 2  0
c d 
2 3 4
 a  b  1, c  d  2  1 0 
m   ( 4k  6)  k( 12  4)  3(9  2k)  0
 a  2b  1, c  2d  0  4 2   4k  6  12k  4k  27  6k  0
 m  xI  0   2k  33  0
  x  2  x  1  0  x1  2 x2  1 2K
2K  33 ; 1
33
5 x1  2 x2
*******
PINEGROVE 211
 DETERMINANTS JEE-ADV - JR-MATHS VOL-I

DETERMINANTS
x 3 6 2 x 7 4 5 x W.E-3: If a, b, c are coplanar vectors, then show
3 6 x  x 7 2  5 x 3 0 a b c
W.E-1: If
6 x 3 7 2 x x 4 5 a.a a.b a.c  0
that
then x is equal to b.a b.b b.c
A)9 B)-9 C)0 D)None of these
Sol.Given a, b, c are coplanar, there exist scalars k , l , m
Sol. (B); By circulant determinant property
abc  0 not all zero, say k  0 , such that ka  lb  mc  0
x  3  6  x  2  7  x  4  5  0 ; x  9 a b c

W.E-2: If f  x  is a polynomial of degree <2, prove Now   a.a a.b a.c

that b.a b.b b.c

Operating C1  kC1  lC 2  mC3 we get

f  a
1 a
xa k a  lb  mc b c
1 a a2 1
f  b f  x   k a.a  la.b  mb.c a.b a.c
1 b  1 b b2  k
x b
1 c c2
 x  a x  b x  c kb.a  lb.b  mb.c b.b b.c
f  c
1 c k a  lb  mc b c
x c
1
Sol. Let k

  a k a  lb  mc  a.b a.c

f  x A B C

b k a  lb  mc  b.b b.c
  
 x  a  x  b x  c  x  a x  b x  c ....(1) 0 b c
1
f  x A xb xc B xa xc C xa xb ...(2)   0 a.b a.c  0
k
Put x=a,b and c in eqn (2), we get 0 b.b b.c

f a f b  sin x sin  x  h  sin  x  2h 

A ,B  
 x  b  x  c   a  b  b  c  and W.E-4:Let   sin  x  2h  sin x sin  x  h 
sin  x  h  sin  x  2h  sin x
f c
C 
 b  c  c  a  Find hLt  
0 h 2
 
f  a cb  ca f b bc f  c Sol. Apply C2  C 2  C1,C3  C3  C2
f  x  
  xa xb xc
 h
 xa xb xc  abbcca 2
sin x cos  x  
 2
cos  x  h
 h
 2sin  h
2  h
f a Lt  2  sin  x  2h 2cos  x  h cos cos  x  
1 a h0 h 2  2
xa  3h  h
1 a a2 sin  x  h cos  x   2cos  x  h cos
f b   2 2
=1 b  1 b b2 = 0
x b 1 1 1
1 c c2
f c 2
 sin x cos x 1 2 1
1 c = 9sin x cos 2 x
xc 1 1 2

212 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV - JR-MATHS VOL-I DETERMINANTS

W.E-5: If a,b,c,d are positive and different, show Again differerentiating w.r.t. x we get
1 bc  ad b3c 3  a 3 d 3 f '''  x  g '''  x  h '''  x 
1 ca  ad c3a 3  b3d 3  0 a b c  24mx  6n.....(3)
that p q r
1 ab  cd a 3b 3  c 3 d 3
Putting x  0 in (3), we get
Sol. Let bc  ad   , ca  bd   , ab  cd  
Then given determinant = f ''  0  g ''  0  h ''  0 
2r  a b c ........(4)
1   3  3abcd p q r
1   3  3abcd 
Putting x= 0 in (3) we get
1   3  3abcd 
f '''  0  g '''  0  h'''  0 
1  3 1   1  3 6n  a b c ........(5)
1   3  3abcd 1   1  3 0 p q r
=
1  3 1   1  3 Subtracting (4) from (5), we get
f '''  0   f ''  0  g '''  0   g ''  0  h '''  0   h ''  0 
=                
a b c
=  a  b  a  c  a  d  b  c  b  d  c  d  p q r

 bc  ad  ca  bd  ab  cd   0 = 6n  2r  2  3n  r 
because a,b,c,d are positive and different 2 2
W.E-7: If  x1  x 2    y1  y 2   a 2
W.E-6: If f  x  , g  x  , h  x  are polynomials of 2 2

degree 4 and
 x 2  x 3    y 2  y3   b 2
2 2 then prove that
f  x g  x h  x
 x 3  x1    y3  y1   c2
2
a b c  mx4  nx3  rx2  5x  t x1 y1 1
p q r 4 x 2 y 2 1   a  b  c  b  c  a  c  a  b  a  b  c 
x 3 y3 1
be an identity in x, then show that
Sol. area of the triangle PQR with vertices
f  0  f  0 g  0  g  0 h  0  h  0
''' '' ''' '' ''' ''
 x1 , y1  x 2 , y2  and  x 3 , y3  is
a b c
x1 y1 1
p q r 1
  x 2 y 2 1
2 ..........(1)
 2  3n  r  x 3 y3 1
Sol. Differentiating given equation w.r.t. x we get Now Area of  PQR with sides a, b, c is
f '  x g'  x h'  x   s  s  a  s  b  s  c 
a b c  4mx3 3nx2  2rx 5....(1) 1
  2s  2s  2a  2s  2b  2s  2c  .........  2 
p q r 16
  a  b  c  b  c  a  c  a  b  a  b  c  
Again differentiating above equation, w.r.t. x we   
 16 
get
Squaring on both sides, we have
f ''  x g''  x h''  x 2
x1 y1 1
a b c  12mx2  6nx  2r.....(2)
 x 2 y 2 1   a  b  c  b  c  a  c  a  b  a  b  c 
p q r x 3 y3 1

PINEGROVE 213
 DETERMINANTS JEE-ADV - JR-MATHS VOL-I

x  c1 x  a x  a a b 2c f 2d e
W.E-9: Given A  d e 2 f , B  n 4l 2m then
x  b x  c2 x  a
W.E-8: If f(x) = then show that l m 2n c 2a b
x  b x  b x  c3
f(x) is linear in x the value of B/A is
Sol: (2) Taking 2 common from R 2 and C 2
b g a   a g  b
hence deduce that f  0   We get
b  a
B=2A with the help of R 3  R 2 then R 2  R 1
here g  x    c1  x  c2  x  c3  x 
S0 S1 S2
x  c1 x  a x  a
f  x   x  b x  c2 x  a W.E-10:If S k  a k  b k  c k then S1 S 2 S3 
Sol. S2 S3 S4
x  b x  b x  c3
3 abc a2  b2  c2
x  c1 a  c1 0
abc a  b2  c2
2
a 3  b3  c 3
x  b c2  b a  c 2 C2  C 2  C1;C3  C3  C2 =
= a 2  b2  c2 a 3  b3  c 3 a4  b4  c4
xb 0 c3  b
2
1 a  c1 0 c1 a  c1 0 1 1 1
1 c2  b a  c 2  b c 2  b a  c 2 a b c = a b 2 bc 2 c a 2
f(x)=x ....(1)      
1 0 c3  b b 0 c3  b a2 b2 c2
so, f(x) is linear. If we can express a determinant as a product
Let f(x)=Px + Q of two determinants, then it is easier for us.
f(-a) = - aP + Q, f(-b) = - bP +Q On the basis of above information, answer the
f(0) = 0.P + Q = Q following questions.
i) a,b,c and d are complex numbers, then the value
b f  a   a f  b  of
 .........  2 
b  a
2 abcd acbd
from (1)
abcd 2 acbd ac bd bd ac
is
c1  a 0 0 acbd ac bd bd ac 2abcd
f  a  b  a c 2  a 0
(A)0 (B)a+b+c+d
ba 0 c3  a (C)abcd (D)ac+bd
  c1  a  c2  a  c3  a  ii) If A, B,C, P,Q, R   ,then the value of

cos  A  P  cos  A  Q  cos  A  R 

f  b    c1  b  c 2  b  c3  b 
cos  B  P  cos  B  Q  cos  B  R 
g  x    c1  x  c 2  x  c3  x  is
cos  C  P  cos  C  Q  cos  C  R 
g  a   f  a 
(A) cos A cos P  cos B cos Q  cos C cos R
g  b   f  b 
(B) Cos  A  P  cos  B  Q  cos  C  R 
Now from (2) we get
bg  a   ag  b  (C) cos  A  B  C   cos  P  Q  R 
f  0  (D) none of the above
b  a

214 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV - JR-MATHS VOL-I DETERMINANTS

iii) If a1 , a2 , a3 , b1 , b2 , b3  R , then the value of EXERCISE-V

2 2 2
 a1  b1   a1  b2   a1  b3  SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS
2 2 2
 a2  b1   a2  b2   a2  b3  is
x b b
2 2 2
x b
 a3  b1   a3  b2   a3  b3  1. If 1  a x b and  2  are the given
a x
a a x
(A) 2  a1  a2  a2  a3  a3  a1  determinants then
(B) 2  b1  b2  b2  b3  b3  b1  d
1  3 2
(A) 1  3( 2 )2 (B)
dx
(C) 2 a1 a2  a2 a3 a3 a   b1 b2 b2 b3 b3 b1
d
(D)0 (C) 1  3( 2 ) 2 (D) 1  3 23/2
dx
key: (A,D,C)
2. If b2  ac  0 , a0,x0, y0 then
2 abcd acbd
a b ax  by
abcd 2 ac bd ac bd bd ac
Sol. b c bx  cy
acbd ac bd bd ac 2abcd is
ax  by bx  cy 0
1 1 0 1 1 0 A) >0 B) <0 C) =0 D) b2  ac
bd ac 0  ac bd 0 e  i(2A) eiC eiB
=
bd ac 0 ac bd 0 iC
e i2B eiA
3. In a  ABC, the value of eiB
 0 0  0 e eiA e i2C

cos  A  P  cos  A  Q  cos  A  R  is (where i  1 )

cos  B  P  cos  B  Q  cos  B  R  (A) -2 (B) -4 (C) -3 (D) -1
cos  C  P  cos  C  Q  cos  C  R  a 1 1
4. If the value of the determinant 1 b 1 is
cos A sin A 0 cos P sin P 0 1 1 c
 CosB sin B 0  cos Q sin Q 0 positive then
cos C sin C 0 cos R sin R 0 (A) abc < -2 (B) abc > 0
(C) abc > -8 (D) abc = 0
 0 0  0 5. If A, B, C are the angles of a triangle and a, b,
2 2 2 c are the corresponding sides, then the value
 a1  b1   a1  b2   a1  b3 
2 2 2 c sin A b sin A a2
 a2  b1   a2  b2   a2  b3 
cos A 1 b sin A
2 2 2 of the determinant is
 a3  b1   a3  b2   a3  b3  1 cos A c sin A
equal to
a12 2a1 1 1 b1 b12
(A) 0 (B) a sinA + b sin B + c sin C
a22 2a2 1  1 b2 b22 (C) (ab + bc + ca) cosA cosB cosC (D) -1
=
a32 2a3 1 1 b3 b32 6. If a1, a2, a3, …., an are positive real number
forming an A.P then the value of
1 a1 a12 1 b1 b12
 n an  n a n2  n a n4
2 1 a2 a22  1 b2 b22  n a n 6  n a n 8  n a n 10 
=
1 a3 a32 1 b3 b32  n a n 12  n a n 14  n a n 16
= 2  a1  a2  a2  a3  a3  a1  b1  b2  b2  b3  b3  b1  (A) 1 (B) - 1 (C) 0 (D) 2

PINEGROVE 215
 DETERMINANTS JEE-ADV - JR-MATHS VOL-I

7. Maximum value of a second order determinant

2r 1
 r  1! 4r 3  2nr
whose each entry is either zero or one is equal  1
to 1  
 r n

(A) - 1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 2 14. If r  a b c , n  N then  r 

 n 3 r 1
2 1  n  1! 1 n  n  1
8. ar  xr iˆ  yr ˆj  zr kˆ, r  1,2,3 be three
mutually perpendicular unit vectors then the
x 1 x 2 x 3
A) abc B)  n  3!
y y y  C) 0 D) a  n !  b.2n  c
value of 1 2 3

z1 z 2 z 3
my  nz mq  nr mb  nc
(A) zero (B) ±1 (C) ±2 (D) 3
  kz  mx kr  mp kb  ma then
15. If
9. Maximum value of the expression nx  ky np  kq na  kb
1  sin 2 x cos 2 x 4sin 2x (A)   0 B)   xyz  abc  pqr
2 2
sin x 1  cos x 4sin 2x  (C)   f  x, y, z  (D)   f  p, q, r 
2 2
sin x cos x 1  4sin 2x
y5 z 6 (z 3  y3 ) x 4 z 6 (x 3  z 3 ) x 4 y5 (y3  x 3 )
(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 2 (D) -2 1  y 2 z3 (y6  z 6 ) xz 3 (z 6  x 6 ) xy 2 (x 6  y 6 )
16. and
ex sin x 1 y 2 z3 (z 3  y3 ) xz 3 (x 3  z3 ) xy 2 (y3  x 3 )

10.   cos x log e

1 x 2 
1  a  bx  cx 2
2
x y2 z3
x x 1
2  x4 y5 z6
. Then D1D2 is equal to
x7 y8 z9
then  a  b 2 is equal to
A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 (A) 32 (B)  22 (C)  42 (D)  52
11. If a i , where i=1,2,..........9 are the squares of 17. Consider the system of equation a1 x  b1 y  c1
a1 a2 a3 and a2 x  b2 y  c2 and ( a1 , b1 , a2 , b2 , c1 , c2 are not all

odd integers then a 4 a5 a6 a1 b1 c b1 a c1

is a multiple zero’s)  , 1  1 , 2  1 then
a7 a8 a9 a2 b2 c2 b2 a2 c2

of Statement-I: If   0 then the system is always

A) 9 B) 16 C) 64 D) 1285 consistent
12. In a third order determinant, each element of Statement-II : If   0 then the system is
the first column consists of sum of three terms, consistent
each element of the second column consists A) Both are true B) Both are false
sum of four terms, each element of the third C) I is True, II is false D) I is false, II is true
column consists of sum of 10 terms, then it can 18. If f  x   ax 2  bx  c , a , b, c  R and
be decomposed into n! determinants then n=
A) 4 B) 5 C) 6 D) 120 equation f  x   x  0 has imaginary roots 
sin  cos  sin  sin  cos and  and  ,  be the roots of
13. Let   cos cos cos sin   sin  2  
 sin  sin  sin  cos 0
f  f  x   x  0 then  0 
is
is independent of   1
A)  B) 
(A)0 (B)purely real
C) both  and  D) its value is cos  (C)purely imaginary (D)none of these

216 PINEGROVE
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19. If , ,  are real numbers then 24. The determinant

1 cos      cos      cos(  ) sin   cos 

  cos     1 cos       sin (  ) cos  sin 
is
cos     cos      1 cos 2 sin  cos 
is equal to (A) non-negative (B) independent of 
(A)-1 (B) cos  cos  cos  (C) independent of 
(C) cos   cos   cos  (D)None of these (D) independent of both  and 
20. The coefficient of x in the determinant
1 x x x2
a1b1 a1b2 a1b3
1  x  1  x  1  x  25. If   x 1  x x 2
ab ab ab x2 x 1 x
1  x  1  x 
2 1
1  x 2 2 2 3

is
ab ab ab
1  x  1  x 
3 1
1  x 3 2 3 3
 ax 5  bx 4  cx 3  dx 2  ex  f
(A) f = 1 (B) e = 3
A)2 B)3 C)0 D)1 (C) a + c = -1 (D) b + d = 2
26. If
MORE THAN ONE ANSWER
21. If maximum and minimum values of 3 3x 3x 2  2a 2
1  sin 2 x cos 2 x sin 2 x f (x)  3x 3x 2  2a 2 3x3  4a 2 x
2 2
sin x 1  cos x sin 2 x
are  ,  then 3x 2  2a 2 3x3  6a 2 x 3x 4  8a 2 x 2  2a 4
sin 2 x 2
cos x 1  sin 2 x
then
which of the following is/are true? (A) f ' (x) = 0
A)    99  4 B)  3   17  26 (B) y = f(x) is a straight line parallel to x-axis
C)  2 n   2 n is always an even integer for n  N 2
4
D) A triangle can be constructed having its sides (C)  f (x)dx  32a (D) f  x   16a6
0
as  ,  ,  
27. If f  x  and g  x  are functions such that
sec 2 x 1 1
22. Let f  x   cos 2 x cos 2 x c osec2 x then which of f  x  y   f  x  g  y   g  x  f  y  then
1 cos 2 x cot 2 x
the following statement(s) is/are true? f   g   f    
A) period of f  x  is  f   g   f      is independent of
f   g   f    
B) maximum value of f  x  is 1
C) minimum value of f  x  is 0 (A)  (B)  (C)  (D) 
D) product of maximum and minimum values of 28. Let f1  x   x  a, f 2  x   x 2  bx  c and
f(x) is 0
a 1  b1 x a 1 x  b1 c1 1 1 1
  a 2  b2x a 2x  b2 c 2  0 then   f1  x1  f1  x2  f1  x3 
23. then
a 3  b3x a 3x  b3 c3 f 2  x1  f 2  x2  f 2  x3 
(A) x = 1 (B) x = – 1 (A)  is independent of a
a1 b1 c1 (B)  is independent of b and c
a2 b2 c2  0 (C)  is independent of x1 , x2 , x3
(C) x = ± 1 (D)
a3 b3 c3 (D) none of the above

PINEGROVE 217
 DETERMINANTS JEE-ADV - JR-MATHS VOL-I

2 2 33. Which of the following is true?

29. If  x1  x2    y1  y2   a 2 ,
A) All root of the equation f(x) =0 are positive
 x2  x3 
2 2
  y 2  y3   b 2 , B) All root of the equation f(x) =0 are negative
C) At least one of the equation f(x) =0 repeating
x1 y1 1 one
D)none of these
2 2 4 x2 y2 1
 x3  x1    y3  y1   c 2 and Passage - II
x3 y3 1 Some times it is more convenient to prove a
determinant identity involving symmetric and
=  3   1  2  3  2   12  23  31    123
homogeneous functions by factor theorem. A
then dimensional check and homogeneity becomes very
3 1 helpful in solving problems. Recall that an identity is
(A)    12 3  3 (B) 123  8abc true for all values of the variables. Let D1, D2, D3 be
2
determinants given by
(C)  12  4 ab (D) 2  1  2  3
1 a a2 1 a a3 1 a2 a3
30. If D1  1 b b , D 2  1 b b D3  1 b 2
2 3
b3
1 c c2 1 c c3 1 c2 c3
2        
A       2                , then it can be noted that D1, D2, D3 all will vanish
              2 for a = b, b = c, c = a  (a - b)(b - c)
(c - a) are factors of D1, D2, D3.
2          34. The remaining factor (or factors) of D3 should be
B       2                (A) (a2 + b2 + c2) (B) (ab + bc + ac)
2 2 2
             2 (C) a + b - c (D) (a - c)(b - c)
35. The remaining factor of D2 must be
2       (A) a (B) b (C) c (D) a + b + c
C     2              
2a a  b c  a
                2
a  b 2b b  c
then 36. If is a product of a real
ca bc 2c
(A) A3  B 3  C 3  3 ABC
54
number  and three linear factors then 
(B) A91  B 38  C 92  ABC  must be
A B C (A) 2 (B) - 2 (C) 4 (D) -4
(C) cosA cosB  cosC 3 cos  cos  cos 
(D) none of the above MATRIX MATCH QUESTIONS
37. Observe the following columns
COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS Column-I
Passage - I (A) If a 2  b 2  c 2  1 and
Consider the polynomial function
a b
a2   b2  c2  cos ab1cos ac1 cos
1  x  1  2x  1
 ba1 cos b2  c2  a2  cos bc1 cos
a b
f x  1 1  x  1  2x  and a,b being ca1 cos ab1cos c2  a2 b2  cos
b a
1  2x  1 1  x  then  is independent of
positive integers.
sin a cos a sin  a   
31. The constant term in f(x) is
A) 2 B) 1 C) -1 D) 0 (B)   sinb cos b sin  b   
32. The coefficient of x in f(x) is sin c cos c sin  c   
A) 2a B) 2a  3  2b  1 C) 0 D) 2 b then  is independent of

218 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV - JR-MATHS VOL-I DETERMINANTS

(C) The value of (r) 2

2
1/ c 1/ c   a  b  / c2 6 2i 3 6
(C) If     b  c  / a 2 1/ a 1/ a 12 3 8i 3 2 6i
b b  c 
is

 a  2b  c   a  b b 18 2  12i 27  2i
a 2c ac ac 2
(D) If (s) -2
then  is independent of
Column-II cos 2  cos  sin   sin 
(P) a (Q) b (R) c f ()  cos  sin  sin 2  cos 
(S)  (T)   0 sin   cos  0
38. Match the following:
Column-I Column-II then the value of f(p/3) is
A) Coefficient of x in (p) 10 40. Let a,b,c be positive integers such that
x (1  sin x) 3 cos x bc c b
f (x)  1 log(1  x) 2 c ca a 4 then
is b a ab
x2 1  x2 0
B) Maximum value of (q) 0
1 3 cos  1 List-I List-II
sin  1 3 cos 
is a)  a  b  c 3  p) 0
1 sin  1
C) If a, b, c are in A.P. and (r) -12 b) a3  b3  c3  3abc  q) 1

x  a x2  1 1 1
c)  a  b  b  c  c  a   r) 2
f (x)  x  b 2x 2  1 1 4
x  c 3x 2  2 1 d) a3b2c  ab2c3  a2bc3  s) 3
then f ¢(0) is 41. List-I List-II
1 r 1
1
r 1 r
D) If r  1, M  r (s) -2 a) If r  1, M r 
1 then p) 2
1
r 1 r  1
2
1 2
 r  1
logne
then the value of a0 is Lt  M2  M3  M4 ......... Mn  
n
39. Match the following
Column-I Column-II 1 cos cos 0 cos cos
(A) The value of the (p) 1 b) If cos 1 cos  cos 0 cos
q) 4
cos cos 1 cos cos 0
x2 x3 x5
x4 x6 x9 then sin 2   sin 2   sin 2  
is
x 8 x  11 x  15
 3 1
(B) If one of the roots (q) -6 c) If A 1 1 T
 , C  BAB B A B
 1 1
   r) 1
of the equation
7 6 x 2  13 then det  C  
2
2 x  13 2 0
2 1 1
x  13 3 7 d) If A   1 1 and s) 3
 
is - 2, then sum of all
other five roots is A4   I then  =

PINEGROVE 219
 DETERMINANTS JEE-ADV - JR-MATHS VOL-I

42. List-I List-II 44. (A) If A is a skew symmetric of order 3 then

A) If p) 2 its determinants should be zero.
x x y x yz (R) If A is square matrix then
2x 3 x  2 y 4 x  3 y  2 z  343
3x 6 x  3 y 10 x  6 y  3 z
det A = det A ' = det(  A ' )
45. (A) If three digit numbers A28, 3B9 and 62C,
then x 
where A, B and C are integers between
B) If a 2  b 2  c 2  2 and q)4 0 and 9, be divisible by a fixed integer k then
1  a x  1  b  x 1  c  x
2 2 2

A 3 6
f  x   1  a  x 1  b x  1  c  x
2 2 2
8 9 C
is divisible by k.
1  a  x 1  b  x 1  c x 
2 2 2
2 B 2
then f  x  is a polynomial of degree (R) If sum of three numbers is divisible by k
then atleast one of them must be divisible by k.
a 2  b2 c c
c 46. (A) For all 

a b2  c2 a
C) a If sin  cos  sin 2 
b b c2  a2  2   2   4 
b sin     cos     sin  2    0
 3   3   3 
 2   2   4 
sin     cos     sin  2   
= kabc then k = r) 0  3   3   3 

D) If A,B,C are the angles of  le s) 7   2  2 

(R) sin   3   sin   3   sin 
   
sin 2 A sin C sin B
sin C sin 2 B sin A 
then  2   2 
sin B sin A sin 2 C cos      cos       cos 
 3   3 
ASSERTION & REASON QUESTIONS
 4   4 
(A) If both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is sin  2    sin  2     sin 2
correct explanation of (A).  3   3 
(B) If both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not 47. (A) If a, b, c are different and
correct explanation of (A).
(C) If (A) is true, (R) is false a a3 a 4 1
(D) If (A) is false, (R) is true b b3 b 4  1  0 then
f1 (x) f 2 (x) f 3 (x) c c3 c4  1

43. (A) If D(x)  a 2 b2 c 2 where f ,f ,f

1 2 3
abc(ab + bc + ac) = a + b + c
a3 b3 c3
1 a2 a3 1 a a2
are differentiable functions and a2,b2,c2,a3,b3,c3
1 b2 b3  (ab  bc  ac) 1 b b 2
are constants then (R)
1 c2 c3 1 c c2
 f (x)  f
1 2 (x)  f (x)
3

 D(x)dx  a2 b2 c2 c INTEGER QUESTIONS

`
a3 b3 c3 48. The set of equations 2 x  3 y  4 ,
(R) Integration of sum of several functions is 7 x  2 y  2, 9 x  5 y   4a  may be consistent,
equal to sum of integration of individual
functions. then [a]is( where   denotes G.I.F)

220 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV - JR-MATHS VOL-I DETERMINANTS

49. If f  x  satisfies the equation EXERCISE -V - HINTS

SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS
f  x  2 f  x  5 f  x  2 1 0 0 x b b x b b
d
1. 1  a x b  0 1 0  a x b
5 4 5  0 for all real dx
a a x a a x 0 0 1
10 12 30
x b x b x b
= a x  a x  a x  3 2
x then f  x  is periodic with period
50. If A is a square matrix of order n, such that 2. C3  C3  xC1  yC2
|adj(adjA)| = |A|9 then n is    ax  2bxy  cy  ac  b 
2 2 2

ex sin x 1 1 2 2

a
 a x  2baxy  acy 2  b2 y 2  b2 y 2  ac  b2 
51. If   cos x n(1  x ) 1  a  bx  cx 2
2

x x2 1 1
then the value of a-b is
10! 11! 12!
52. If D  11! 12! 13! then k/3 , where k is the
12! 13! 14!
D
total number of divisor of
(10!)3
LEVEL -V - KEY
SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS
1.B 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.C 7.C
8.B 9.B 10.B 11.C 12.B 13.B 14.C
15.A 16.A 17.D 18.D 19.D 20.C
MORE THAN ONE ANSWER
21.ABC 22.ABC
25.ABC 26.AB
29.ABCD 30.ABC
COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS
31.D 32.C 33.C 34.B 35.D 36.C
MATRIX MATCH QUESTIONS
37. A  P , Q , R ; B  P , Q , R , S , T ; C  P , Q , R , S , T
38. A-S, B-P, C-Q, D-S
39. A-S, B-R, C-Q, D-P
40. A-Q,B-P,C-R,D-S
41. A-R,B-P,C-Q,D-Q
42. A-S,B-P,C-Q,D-R
ASSERTION REASON QUESTIONS
43. A 44.C 45.C 46. A 47.A
INTEGERS QUESTIONS
48.1 49.7 50.4 51. 1 52. 6

a
 ax  by  2

 y 2  ac  b 2   ac  b 2  <0
3.
 e  i2A (e  i2(B C)  ei2A )  eiC (eiC  ei(A  B) )  eiB (ei(A C)  eiB )
 e  i2(A  B C)  1  1  ei(A  B C)  ei(A  B C)  1
 e i2   2  ei  ei  1 = -4
0 0 1
 4 ,is   1 a b 1 1
4.
1  ac 1  c c
[C1  C1 – aC3; C2  C2 – C3]
= (1 – a)(1 – c) – (b - 1)(1 – ac)
= 1 – a – c + ac – b + abc + 1 – ac
= (2 + abc) – (a + b + c)
According to the given condition, we have D > 0
i.e. abc + 2 > a + b + c
using AM > G.M. , we have
23.ABCD 24.AB a + b + c > 3(abc)1/3
27.ABCD 28.AB Thus, we have abc + 2 > 3(abc)1/3
 x3 – 3x + 2 > 0
(x – 1)2 (x + 2) > 0 , i.e. x > -2
i.e. x3 = abc > -8
5. D = c sinA(c sin A – b sin A cos A)
- b sinA(c sinA cosA – b sin A)+a2 (cos2A-1)
= (c2 + b2 – a2) sin2A – 2bc sin2 A cosA
= (2bc cosA)sin2A – 2bc sin2A cos A
= 0 [ a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc cos A]
6. Let r be the common ratio of G.P.
a i  ar i 1i  1
na i  na  (i  1)nr
   (i  1) where  = ln a and  = lnr
  (n  1)   (n  1)   (n  3)
   (n  5)   (n  7)   (n  9)
  (n  11)   (n  13)   (n  15)

PINEGROVE 221
 DETERMINANTS JEE-ADV - JR-MATHS VOL-I

Applying C2  C2 - C1, C3  C3 - C2, 2

 m  n  2  m  n   n  p  2  n  p   2 p  1
  (n  1) 2 2 2
 4.4  q  r  2  q  r   r  s  2  r  s   2 s  1
    (n  5) 2 2
=0  t  u  2  t  u   u  v  2  u  v   2v  1
2

  (n  11) 2 2
 R1  R1  R2
a1 a2
7.   (a 1 b 2  a 2 b 1 ) 12. n!= 3.4.10=120=5!
b1 b2
a1 b2 = 0 or 1 and a2b1 = 0 or 1 cos 
13. C1  C 1 sin  .C2
Max. (  ) = 1
 sin 
x1 x2 x 3 x1 y1 z1 
sin 
  sin 2  sin   cos 2  sin    sin 
  y1 y2 y3  x 2 y2 z2
8. 14. R1 & R3 are identical after applying 
z1 z2 z3 x3 y3 z3
15.  can be written as
x1 y1 z1 x1 y1 z1 my  nz kz  mx nx  ky
2
  x2 y2 z2 x 2 y2 z2   mq  nr kr  mp np  kq
x3 y3 z3 x 3 y3 z3
mb  nc kb  ma na  kb
x12  y12  z12 x1x2  y1y2  z1z2 x1x3  y1y3  z1z3 x y z 0 m n
 x1x2  y1y2  z1z2 x22  y22  z22 x2x3  y2 y3  z2z1
=- p q r   m 0 k 0
x3x1  y2 y3  z1z3 x2x3  y2 y3  z2z3 x32  y32  z32 a b c n k 0

1 0 0  0 m n 
 0 1 0 1  
;  2  1    1   m 0 k is skew symmetric 
0 0 1  n k 0 
 
9. Applying C1  C1 + C2 16. The given determinants D 1 is obtained by
2 cos x 4sin 2x 2 corresponding cofactors of determinant D2 ;
2 Hence D1 = D22.
  2 1  cos x 4sin 2x
2
Now D1 D2 =D22. D2 = D23.
1 cos x 1  4sin 2x 17. Statement I is sometimes inconsistent
Applying R2  R2 - R1 and R3  R3 - R1 ( no solution) and StatementII is always true
18.  f  x   x  0 has imaginary roots,
2 cos 2 x 4sin 2x
 0 1 0  2  4sin 2x  6 then f  x   x  0 or f  x   x  0, x  R
1 0 1
for f  x   x  0, x  R
10. Put x =0  a = 0, differentiate and x = 0  b =-1
2
then f  f  x   f  x   0, x  R
a  b  1
2 2 2
adding we get , f  f  x   x  0, x  R
 2m  1  2n  1  2 p  1
2 2
 2q  1  2r  1  2s  1 ,
2 Similarly, f  f  x   x  0, x  R
11.  C 1 C1  C2 ,
Thus, roots of equation f  f  x   x  0 are
2 2 2
 2t  1  2u  1  2v  1
C2  C2  C3 imaginary.
C1  C2   2m  1  2n  1 2m  1  2n  1  2.2    4  2  
z  0 
Similarly C2  C3  4  
  1

222 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV - JR-MATHS VOL-I DETERMINANTS

- cos  (-sin  sin (  + b)

2  
2   2  
z  0   0    0  z
- cos  cos2 
Then
  1   1   1  cos 2      cos 2   sin 2    

Hence, z is purely real.  1  cos 2

Hence the value of the given determinant is non-
cos  sin  0 cos  sin  0
negative and independent of  .
  cos  sin  0  cos  sin  0 25. Put x = 0  f =  (0) = 1
19.
cos  sin  0 cos  sin  0
e =  ' (0) = 3
 0 0  0 Put x = 1
a1b1 a1b2 a1b3
1 x 1 x 1 x 2 1 1
ab ab ab 1 2 1 a bcdef
1 x 1 x 1 x
2 2 2 2 2 3
 A Bx Cx2 ...
20. ab ab ab
1 1 2
1 x 1 x 1 x
31 3 2 33

a+b+c+d=0 …(i)
Diffferentiating both sides w.r.t.x and then put Put x = -1
x  0 , we get  -a + b - c + d - 3 + 1 = 0
-a + b - c + d = 2 …(ii)
a1b1 a2b2 a1b3 1 1 1
On solving equation (i) & (ii),
1 1 1  a2b1 a2b2 a2b3
we get b + d = 1 and a + c = -1
1 1 1 1 1 1 26. Applying C3  C3 - xC2, C2  C2 - xC1,
we obtain
1 1 1
1 1 1 B 3 0 2a 2
+  000  B
a3b1 a3b2 a3b3  (x)  3x 2a 2 2a 2 x
3x  2a 2
2
4a 2 x 2a 2 x 2  4a 4
B  0
Hence, coefficient of x=0 Applying C3  C3 - xC2; we get
MORE THAN ONE ANSWER 3 0 1
21. f  x   2  sin 2 x (by simplifying)  (x)  4a 4
3x 1 x
&   3 (maximum value of f  x  ) 3x 2  2a 2 2x x 2  2a 2
  1 (minimum value of f  x  ) Applying C1  C1 - 3C3, we get
22. by simplifying
0 0 1
f  x   cos2 x  cos 2 x sin 2 x  cos 4 x 4
 (x)  4a 0 1 x  16a 6
 period of f  x    4a 2 2x x 2  2a 2
Maximum of f  x   1 and minimum of f  x   0
23. Check by option for x = 1 and x = – 1. 27. Now , applying C3  C3  g   C1  f   C2
cos(  ) sin   cos 
f   g   0
 sin(  ) cos  sin 
24. f   g   0  0
cos 2 sin  cos 
f   g   0
= (cos(  +  ) (cos  cos  - sin  sin  )
+ sin  (sin  cos 2  + cos  sin (  + b))  f  x  y   f  x  g  y   g  x  f  y  

PINEGROVE 223
 DETERMINANTS JEE-ADV - JR-MATHS VOL-I

28. Applying C2  C2  C1 and C3  C3  C1 , then 1 1 0 1 1 0

1 ..... 0 ..... 0 A        0        0  0 0  0
30.
   0     0
 f1  x1 f1  x2   f2  x1 f2  x3   f2  x1 Similarly, B  0, C  0
  A  B  C  0  A3  B 3  C 3  3 ABC
x2 x1 x3 x1 COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS
31,32,33
x2  x1 x3  x1 Let,
= x  x x  x b
 2 1  1 2   x3  x1  x1  x3  b  a b
1  x  1  2x  1
1 1 a b
  x2  x1  x3  x1  1 1  x  1  2x   A  Bx  Cx 2  ...
x1  x2  b x1  x3  b b a
1  2x  1 1  x 
=  x2  x1  x3  x1  x3  x2 
Putting x=0, we get
x1 y1 1
1 111
PQR  x2 y2 1
29. Area of 2 A  111  0
x3 y3 1
111
P(x1, y1)
Now differenting both sides with respect to x and
putting x=0, we get
a c a 2b 0 11 1 1 11
B  1 1 1  0 a 2b  1 1 1
=0
R(x3, y3)
1 11 11 1 2b 0 a
Q(x2, y2) b
34. (a - b)(b - c)(c - a) does not change if a is replaced

 a  b  c   a  b  c   b  c  a   c  a  b by b, b by c and c by a. But the degree of
2 2 2 2 expression is 5, therefore it must have a
homogeneous symmetric expression of degree 2
x1 y1 1 as factor. The two degree symmetric expressions
4 x2 y2 1  abc bca cab abc are only
x3 y3 1 a 2  b 2  c 2 ,ab  bc  ca, (a  b  c)2
a 2  b 2  c 2  ab  bc  ac.
i.e a  b  c   , 2a  1 , 2b  2 , 2c  3
Thus one of the following must be an identity.
 2  1  2  3
1 a2 a3
  1 2  4  ab  bc  ca   4 ab 1 b2 b3  k(a  b)(b  c)(c  a)(a 2  b 2  c 2 )...(i)
abc 1/ 3
1 c2 c3
123  8abc and   abc 
3
1/ 3
1 a 2 a3
  1 2 3  3 1/ 3
 1 b2 b3  k(a  b)(b  c)(c  a)(a  b  c)2 ...(ii)
  . .    123 
3 2 2 2 2 1 c2 c3

224 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV - JR-MATHS VOL-I DETERMINANTS

 a + b is a factor. Since the determinant is

1 a2 a3 symmetric, b + c, c + a should also be the factors
 1 b2 b3  k(a  b)(b  c)(c  a) since the determinant is of degree 3. No other factor
1 c2 c3 is possible.
(a2 + b2 + c2 - ab - bc - ac) …. (iii)  2a ab ca
 ab  2b b  c  k (a  b)(b  c)(c  a )
1 a2 a3 ca bc 2c
 1 b2 b3  k(a  b)(b  c)(c  a)(ab  bc  ac).....(iv)
Where k is a constant.
1 c2 c3 Since this is an identity, we put a = b = c = 1
Where k is a constant. To get k, we get
In the first assumption putting a = 0, b = 1, 2 2 2
c = -1, we get 2 2 2  8k
 32 = 8k  k = 4
1 0 0 2 2 2
1 1 1  k(0  1)(1  1)(1  0)(2)
MATRIX MATCH QUESTIONS
1 1 1
38. (A) Coefficient of x in f(x) is coefficient of x in
1 x 1 1
 2  4k  k  
2 1 x 2
5 x2 1 0
Also putting a = 0, b = 1, c = 2, we get k 
2
Therefore, coefficient of x is -2.
Since the two values of k are different;
(i) cannot be an identity. 1 3cos  1
We can similarly show that second and third are D  sin  1 3cos 
not identities either. Thus the only possibility left is (B) Let
1 sin  1
fourth.
Thus = (3cos  - sin  )2
Dmax = 10
1 a2 a3
1 b2 b 3  k(a  b)(b  c)(c  a)(ab  bc  ac) (C) f '  x   0
1 c2 c3  f '(0)  0
On putting a = 0, b = 1, c = -1, we get k = 1 0 2 0
(any other choice of values for a, b, c will yield
same k). (D) a 0  1 0 6  2(1)  2
0 0 1
35. Since the degree of D2 is 4, the fourth factor should
be of degree 1. This factor should be symmetric 39. (A) The given determinant is
i.e., if a  b, b  c and c  a, the value of the x 2 x 3 x 5
factor must not change (since in D2 if a  b, b 
  x4 x6 x9
c, c  a, then no change occurs.)
The only 1 dimensional factor which is symmetric x  8 x  11 x  15
in a, b, c is a + b + c. Applying R3  R3 - R2 and R2  R2 - R1, we
36. On putting a = -b, the determinant have
2b 0 cb x 2 x 3 x 5 x x x 1
 0 2b bc
 2 3 4 22 3 4
cb bc  2c
4 5 6 1 1 1
= 2b[4bc - (b + c)2] + (c - b)[2b(c - b)]
= 2b(b - c)2 - 2b(b - c)2 = 0 [Applying R1  R1 - R2 and R3  R3 - R2]

PINEGROVE 225
 DETERMINANTS JEE-ADV - JR-MATHS VOL-I

40. Given determinant  4abc  4

x 0 1
22 1 1  a  1, b  1, c  1
1 0 0 ( a,b,c are positive integers)
[Applying C3  C3-C2 and C2  C2-C1] = -2 1 1
41. a) M r  
[Expanding along R3] r 1 r

7 6 x 2  13 1
 M 2  M 3  ...........  M n  1 
x 2  13 n
(B) 2 2 2
x  13 3 7 log ne
 1
Lt  M 2  M 3  ...........  M n   Lt 1   =1
Let x2 - 13 = t. Then t3 - 67t + 126 = 0 n  n 
 n

 t  9, 2, 7  x  2,  20,  15 b) 2

Hence sum of other five roots is 2. c) C  A 2  16
6 2i 3 6 2  0 2  4 0 
d) A   2 0  and A4   
 12 3  8i 3 2  6i    0 4 
(C)
18 2  12i 27  2i 42. a) x 3  343  x  7

Taking 6 common from C1, we get R2  R2  R1

b) C1  C1  C2  C3 and R3  R3  R1 then
1 2i 3 6 2
  1  x 
 6 2 3  2 2i 3 2  6i
c)   4abc
3 2  2 3i 3 3  2i
d) Verify for equilateral triangle then the result is 0
Applying R2  R2- 2 R1 and R3  R3- 3 R­1, ASSERTION REASON QUESTIONS
we get
43. D(x)  1f1 (x)   2 f 2 (x)  3f 3 (x)
1 2i 3 6
Where 1  (b 2 c3  b3c3 ),  2  a 2 c3  a 3c2
 60 3 6i  2 3
 3  a 2 b3  a 3 b 2 then
0 2 2i  3 2
 D(x)dx    f (x)dx    f
1 2 2 (x)dy    3f 3 (x)  C.(*)
 6(3 6  2 6)
= -6, which is an integer
 f (x)dx  f
1 2 (x)dx  f (x)dx
3
2
cos  cos  sin   sin   a2 b2 c2 C
(D) f ( )  cos  sin  sin 2  cos  a3 b3 c3
sin   cos  0
Thus assertion (A) is true and follows from reason
Applying R1  R1 + (sin  ) R3 and
R which we have applied at (*).
R2  R2 - (cos  )R3, we get
44. The reason (R) is false since det A’ = det(-A’) is
1 0  sin  not true
f( )  0 1 cos  Indeed det(-A’) = (-1)3detA’
sin   cos  0 Now as A = -A’ (A is skew symmetric detA = det(-
=sin2  + cos2  = 1 A’) = -dete(A’) = -detA
 f(  /3) = 1  det A = 0

226 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV - JR-MATHS VOL-I DETERMINANTS

45. Operate R2  R2 + 10R3 + 100R3

bc  ac a a2
A 3 6 D1  bc  ac  ab  b 2 b b2
D  A28 3B9 62C ab  bc c c2
2 B 2
As A28, 3B9, 62C are divisible by a fixed integer ab  bc ca a a2 1 a a2
K, therefore C1 C1  bC2  ab  bc ca b b2  (ab  bc ca)1 b b2
A28 = Ka,3B9 = Kb,62C = Kg
ab  bc ca c c2 1 c c2
A 3 6
DK    After operating R2  R2 - R3, R3  R3 - R1
2 B 2 We get = (ab + bc + ca)(a - b)(b - c)(c - a) …(ii)

 D is divisible by K. 1 a a3
Reason (R) is false. Take three number 3, 8, 10.
D2  1 b b3
Sum is 21 which is divisible by 7 but none of them
is divisible by 7. 1 c c3
46. Operate R2  R2 + R3 and used C-D formulae
as given in Reason (R) we can get result. After operating R2  R2 - R3, R3  R3 - R1
We get D2 = (a - b)(b - c)(c - a)(a + b + c) …(iii)
a a3 a4 1 a a3 a4 a a3 1 From (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
47. D b b3 b4  1  b b3 b4  b b3 1
abc(ab + bc + ca) = a + b + c
c c3 c4  1 c c3 c4 c c3 1
( a, b, c are different)
48.
1 a2 a3 1 a a3
D  abc 1 b 2 b3  1 b b3  0 2 3 4
1 c3 c3 1 c c3 7 2 2 0
D = abc(D1) +(D2) = 0 …(i) 9 5   4a 
Now
Applying C3  C3  C2 , then
1 2
a a
a 2 3 1
1 a 2
a3 bc a a2
1
D1  1 b 2 b3  abc b b 2  ca b b2 7 2 0 0
b
1 c3 c3 9 5   4a   5
1
c c2 ab c c2
c
 1 17      4a   5  17   0
bc  a 2 a a2
 17  17    4a   5   0
C1  C1  C3  ca  b 2 b b2
ab  c 2 c c2   4a   6
or 6  4a  7
bc  ac  a 2 a a2
C1  C1  C3  bc  ac  b 2 b b2 3 7
 a
ab c c2 2 4

C1  C1  aC 2

PINEGROVE 227
 2D-GEMETRY - COORDINATE SYSTEM JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

2-D GEOMETRY - COORDINATE SYSTEM

SYNOPSIS W.E-1: If the point  x1  t  x 2  x1  , y 1  t  y 2  y 1  

Distance between two points : divides the join of  x1 , y1  and  x2 , y 2 

i) The distance between two points A (x1, y1) & internally, then t 
2 2
Sol : ratio is x 1  x : x  x 2
B (x2, y2) is AB = (x1  x 2 )  (y1  y 2 )  x1  x1  t(x2  x1 ) : x1  t  x2  x1   x2
ii) The distance of the point P (x, y) from the origin O
 t(x1  x2 ) :  x1  x2   t  x1  x2 
is OP = x 2  y2
 t:1t 0 (  Division is internal)
iii) The distance between the points P  x1 , y1  and  t  1  t   0  t   0,1 
Q  x1 , y2  is  y1  y2  v) The ratio in which the line segment joining (x1, y1)
and (x2,y2) is divided by
iv) The distance between the points P  x1 , y1  and i) x-axis is -y1 : y2 ii) y-axis is -x1 : x2
Q  x 2 , y1  is  x1  x 2  Harmonic Conjugate :
v) The distance of a point P  x , y  from x-axis is If P and Q divide AB internally and externally in the
| y | and from y-axis is | x | same ratio, then P is called as harmonic conjugate
Section Formula : of Q and Q is called as harmonic conjugate of P,
i) P is any point on the line passing through A and B.
also P, Q are a pair of conjugate points w.r.t. A &B
P divides AB in the ratio AP : PB.
If AP and PB are in the same sense (direction) i) Q is harmonic conjugate of P with respect to A, B
then the division is internal, otherwise the division
is external. then AP, AB, AQ are in H.P.
A P B ii) If P, Q divide AB harmonically in the ratio m:n
then A, B divide PQ harmonically in the ratio
P A B (m-n) : (m+n).
W.E-2:If Q is harmonic conjugate of P with respect to
A, B and AP = 2, AQ = 6 then AB =
A B P
Sol :AP, AB, AQ are in H.P.
ii) The point ‘P’ which divides the line segment joining
2 1 1
A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) in the ratio m : n   
AB AP A Q  AB = 3
 mx 2  nx1 my 2  ny1 
a)internally then P=  ,  ;(m+n  0)
 mn mn  Points of trisection :
 mx 2  nx1 my 2  ny1 
,
If P and Q are points on the line segment joining A,
b) externally thenP=   ;(m-n  0)
 mn mn  B dividing AB in the ratio 1:2 or 2:1 then P and Q
iii) The mid point of the line segment joining
are called points of trisection of AB .
 x1  x 2 y1  y 2 
(x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is  ,  i) If P and Q are points of trisection of AB then
 2 2 
iv) If P (x, y) is any point on the line passing through A a) mid point of AB is same as mid point of PQ .
(x1, y1) and B (x2, y2) then the ratio in which P
AB
divides AB , ie AP : PB = x1-x:x-x2 or y1-y: y-y2 b) PQ 
3

228 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I 2D-GEMETRY - COORDINATE SYSTEM

W.E-3: If P and Q are two points on the line joining

If G is centroid of  ABC then
A(-2,5), B(3,1) such that AP = PQ = QB then
PQ= i) area of  ABC = 3 area of  ABG
AB 25  16 41 = 3 area of  BCG = 3 area of  ACG
Sol: PQ   
3 3 3
A
Collinearity :
Three or more points are said to be collinear iff
they lie on a straight line.
i) The points A, B, C are collinear iff
AB + BC = AC or AC+CB=AB or BA+AC=BC
B C
ii) Points A,B,C are collinear iff Area of  ABC  0
ii) If D, E, F are mid points of sides BC, CA, AB
iii) The condition for the three points (x1, y1), (x2, y2)
of  ABC then
& (x3,y3) tobe collinear is x1-x2:x2-x3=y1-y2:y2-y3
A
Area of the Triangle :
i) Area is non negative
ii) Area of the triangle formed by the vertices F E

x1 y1 1
1
 x1, y1  , x2, y2  and  x3, y3  is 2 x2 y2 1 B
D
C
x3 y3 1
area of  ABC
iii) Area of the triangle with vertices (x1, y1), (x2, y2) = 4 area of  AEF = 4 area of  BDF
= 4 area of  DCE = 4 area of  DEF
1 x1  x 2 y1  y2
and (x3, y3) is W.E-4:In a triangle ABC, A(5,6), B(-1,4) and
2 x1  x 3 y1  y3 sq.units
centroid is at (2, 4). Then area of triangle
formed by the mid points of sides of ABC is
iv) Area of the triangle with vertices (0, 0), (x1, y1) Sol: Area of ABC = 3 (Area of GAB )
1 = 4 (Area of DEF )
and (x2, y2) is | x1 y 2  x 2 y1 | sq. units. 3
2  Area of DEF  area of GAB
4
 1
v) Area of the triangle formed by A  a,  , 3 1 51 64 9
 a  .  sq.units
4 2 52 64 4
 1  1  (a  b)(b  c)(c  a) Area of Quadrilateral :
B  b,  and C  c,  is
 b  c 2abc i) Area of the quadrilateral formed by
(x1, y1) , (x2, y2) , (x3, y3) and (x4, y4) is
vi) Area of an equilateral triangle is
1 x1  x3 y1  y3
3 2 2 x2  x4 y2  y4 sq. units
a) a where ‘a’ is length of the side of the triangle.
4 ii) Area of the pentagon formed by (xk, yk)
h2
b) where ‘h’ is length of the altitude of the triangle 1 x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x1
3 (k=1,2,3,4,5) is 2 y y y y y y sq. units
1 2 3 4 5 1

PINEGROVE 229
 2D-GEMETRY - COORDINATE SYSTEM JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

iii) If p1 , p2 are the distances between two parallel (a) AB2 + BC2 + CA2 = 3(GA2 + GB2 + GC2).
sides and  is the angle between two adjacent sides (b) 3  AB 2  BC 2  CA2  = 4(AD2 + BE2 +CF2)
p1 p2 v) If G is centroid of  ABC and P is any point in the
of a parallelogram then it's area is
sin  triangle then
D C PA2 + PB2 + PC2 = GA2 + GB2 + GC2 + 3PG2
Incentre :
P1 The internal angular bisectors of a triangle are
P2 concurrent and the point of concurrency is called

incentre of the triangle. Incentre is equidistant from
all the three sides.
A B
A
iv) In case of rhombus p1  p2  p thus area of
A/2
p2 A/2

rhombus =
sin  N

a:b+c
M
W.E-5: The area of the pentagon whose vertices
I
are (4, 1), (3,6 ), (-5,1), (-3, -3) and (-3, 0) is
1) 30 Sq. Units 2) 60 Sq. Units B/2 C/2
C/2
3) 120 Sq. Units 4) 75 Sq. Units B
B/2
D C
c:b
1 4 3 5 3 3 4 60
Sol:   30 Sq. Units
2 1 6 1 3 0 1 2 i) In a triangle ABC, if the internal angular bisector of
Centroid : A meets BC at D then BD : DC = AB : AC.
In any triangle medians are concurrent and the point ii) If I is incentre of  ABC then AI : ID = (AB+AC):
of concurrency is called centroid of the triangle. BC where AD is the internal angular bisector of
i) Centroid divides each median from vertex in the  A.
ratio 2:1 internally. iii) In  ABC , if A (x 1 , y 1 ), B (x 2 , y 2 ) and
A C(x3,y3), BC= a, CA=b and AB = c then incentre
of
2  ax 1  bx 2  cx 3 ay1  by 2  cy 3 
E  ABC is I=  , 
F  abc abc 
G iv) The incentre of a triangle formed by
1
(0, 0), (a,0), (0,b) is
B 1 D 1 C
 a|b| b|a| 
ii) Centroid of the triangle formed byA(x1,y1), B(x2,y2) I , 
 | a |  | b |  a 2  b2 | a |  | b |  a 2  b2
 
 x1  x 2  x 3 y1  y 2  y3  W.E-6: In ABC , the vertices are A=(2,3),
and C (x3, y3) is  , 
 3 3  B=(-2,-5), C=(-4,6). If P is a point on BC
iii) If D, E, F are midpoints of sides AB, BC, CA of such that AP bisects the angle A, then P =
 ABC then centroid of  ABC = centroid of Sol :P divides BC in the ratio
 DEF. AB : AC = 4 5 : 3 5  4 : 3
iv) If G is centroid and D,E,F are midpoints of sides
BC , CA, AB of  ABC then

230 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I 2D-GEMETRY - COORDINATE SYSTEM

 16  6 24  15   22 9  i) BD : DC = tanC : tanB

P ,  ,  ii) AO : OD = tanB + tanC : tanA
 7 7   7 7
iii) The triangle formed by the feet of altitudes in a
Ex-Centre : triangle is called Orthic triangle or Pedal triangle.
The internal angular bisector of one angle and Here triangle DEF is the orthic triangle of triangle
external angular bisectors of other two angles of a ABC .
triangle are concurrent and the point of concurrency iv) In a right angled triangle the vertex at the right
is called Excentre. angle is the orthocentre of the triangle.
A v) For acute angled triangle orthocentre lies inside
c b
the triangle.
B L C vi) For obtuse angled triangle orthocentre lies outside
the triangle.
vii) If ‘O’ is orthocentre of  ABC then the four points
O, A, B and C are such that each point is
I1
orthocentre of the triangle formed by the remaining
three points.
viii) Orthocentre of the triangle formed by the points
i) The excentre opposite to the vertex A is
 c  c   c   c 
 ax1  bx 2  cx 3 ay1  by 2  cy3   ct 1 ,  ,  ct 2 , & ct 3 , is ,  ct 1 t 2 t 3 
I1 =  ,   t1   t2   t3   t1t2 t 3 
 a  b  c a  b  c 
ix) The orthocentre of the triangle formed with (0,0),
ii) The excentre opposite to the vertex B is
(x 1 ,y 1) and (x 2 ,y 2 ) as vertices is
 ax1  bx 2  cx 3 ay1  by 2  cy3  x1x 2  y1 y 2
I2 =  , 
 abc abc  (k(y2  y1), k(x1  x2)) where k = x y  x y
1 2 2 1
iii) The excentre opposite to the vertex C is
x) The image of the orthocentre with respec to any
 ax1  bx 2  cx 3 ay1  by 2  cy3  side of the triangle lies on the circumcentre.
I3 =  , 
 a bc a bc  W.E-7: The orthocentre of the triangle whose
iv) In any triangle incentre I is orthocentre of the triangle 1   1 1   3 1

formed by excentres I1, I2 & I3. vertices are  2, 2  ,  ,  and  2, 2 
v) Let ABC be a fixed triangle and P be variable point   2 2   
in the plane of triangle ABC. Suppose a,b,c are is
lengths of sides BC, CA, AB opposite to angles Sol: Slope of AB is 0, slope of AC is not defined 
A,B,C respectively. Triangle is right angled.  Orthocentre =
2 2 2
If a  PA   b  PB   c  PC  is minimum, then  1 
A   2, 
 2 
the point P with respect to ABC , is incentre.
Orthocentre : Circum Centre:
In any triangle perpendicular bisectors of sides are
The altitudes of a triangle are concurrent and the
concurrent and the point of concurrence is called
point of concurrency is called orthocentre (O) of
circum centre (S) of that triangle. Circum centre
the triangle.
is at an equidistance from all the three vertices.
A
i) The circumcentre of a right angled triangle is mid
point of its hypotenuse.
ii) For acute angled triangle circumcentre lies inside
F E the triangle.
iii) For obtuse angled triangle circumcentre lies
O
outside the triangle.
iv) The circum centre of the triangle formed by (0,
B D C

PINEGROVE 231
 2D-GEMETRY - COORDINATE SYSTEM
0), (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is
 y2 (x12  y12 )  y1(x22  y22 ) x2 (x12  y12 )  x1(x22  y22 ) 
 ,
 2(x1y2  x2 y1) 2(x2 y1  x1y2 )
The co-ordinates of vertices of an equilateral
triangle are not all rational.
In an equilateral triangle orthocentre,circum centre,
centroid,incentre coincide.
W.E-8: If A (3, -4), B(7, 2) are the ends of a diameter
of a circle and C is a point on the circle then
the circumcentre of ABC is
Sol: Angle in a semicircle is a right angle.
Circumcentre = mid point of AB = (5, -1)
Nine Point Circle :
In a triangle ABC, let D, E, F be the feet of the
altitudes, and X, Y, Z be the mid point of the sides
of triangle and P, Q, R are the mid points of AO,
BO, CO where ‘O’ is the orthocentre then D, E,
F, X, Y, Z, P, Q, R lie on a circle called nine point
circle of the triangle.
i) The centre of the nine point circle, denoted by ‘N’,
N is the mid point of orthocentre and circumcentre
(ON=NS)
1
ii) Radius of the nine point circle = ( circum radius)
2
iii) (a) OG : GS = 2 : 1 (3G=2S+O)
(b) ON : NG : GS = 3 : 1 : 2
W.E-9: The radius of nine point circle of the
triangle formed by (4,6), (0,4), (6,2) is
Sol: AB 2  16  4  20 , BC 2  36  4  40 ,
AC 2  4  16  20 . Triangle is right angled.
hyp 2 10
Circum radius R    10
2 2
R 10
Radius of nine point circle is  
2 4
Nature of Triangle Based on an Angle:
Øi) If all the three angles in a triangle are acute, then
the triangle is called an acute angled triangle.
ii) If any one of the three angles is greater than a right
angle, then the triangle is called obtuse angled
triangle.
iii) In a triangle ABC if BC is the largest side then
a) AB 2  AC 2  BC 2  triangle ABC is right
232
JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I
angled
b) AB 2  AC 2  BC 2  triangle ABC is an
acute angled triangle

 c) AB 2  AC 2  BC 2  triangle ABC is an
obtuse angled triangle.
W.E-10: The triangle with the vertices (-2,4), (0,0),
(5,-1) is
Sol : AB2  20,BC2  26,AC2  49  25  74
AB2  BC 2  CA 2 ,BC 2  CA 2  AB2 ,
CA 2  AB 2  BC 2
 Triangle is obtuse angled triangle.
Types of Quadrilaterals :
i) The quadrilateral formed by A (x1, y1), B (x2, y2)
, C (x3, y3) and D (x4, y4) is a Parallelogram if
mid point of AC = mid point of BD
ii) Parallelogram ABCD is a
a) Rhombus if AB = BC and AC  BD
b) Rectangle if AB  BC and AC = BD
c) Square if AB = BC and AC = BD
Missing Vertices :
i) If G ( xo, yo) is centroid of  ABC whose two
vertices are (x1, y1) and (x2, y2), then third vertex
(x3,y3) = (3x0  x1  x2, 3y0  y1  y2)
ii) If D, E, F are mid points of the sides
A
F E
B C
D
BC, CA, AB of  ABC then A = E + F  D,
B=F+D  E, C=D+E  F
iii) If (x1, y1), (x2, y2) and (x3, y3) are three consecutive
5 vertices of a parallelogram, then its fourth vertex is
2 (x1 + x3  x2 , y1 + y3  y2)
If (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) be the vertices of base of an
isosceles triangle and the angle made by the sides
with the base is ‘  ’, then the third vertex is
  x1  x 2   tan   y1  y 2   y1  y 2   tan   x1  x 2  
 , 
 2 2 
i) Two vertices of an equilateral triangle are (x1,y1)
and (x2,y2) then the third vertex can be
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 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I 2D-GEMETRY - COORDINATE SYSTEM

  x1  x 2   3  y1  y 2   y1  y 2   3  x1  x 2   to angle bisector meet them in B and C then triangle

 ,  ABC is isosceles triangle and AB = AC
 2 2 
 
ii) If (x1,y1) , (x2,y2) are two opposite vertices of a x1x 2  y1y 2
cos POQ 
square then the other two vertices are x 1  y 21
2
x 22  y 22
  x1  x 2    y1  y 2   y1  y 2    x1  x 2  
 ,  Where P  x1 , y1  , Q  x2 , y2  and '0' be the
 2 2  origin.
W.E-11: If a vertex of a triangle is (1,1) and the If P is the length of the diagonal of a square then
mid points of two sides through this vertex
are (-1,2) and (3,2) then the centroid of the p
a) length of the side is units.
triangle is 2
Sol: D=E+F-A=(-1+3-1,2+2-1)=(1,3)
p2
  7 b) Area of the square is
centroid of ABC = centroid of DEF   1, 3  2
 
C.U.Q
Length of the Medians :
Ø Length of the median through vertex 1. The number of points equidistant from two
1 1 given points is
i) A is 2b 2  2c 2  a 2 ii) B is 2c 2  2a 2  b 2
2 2 1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) Infinite
1 2. The number of points equidistant from three
iii) C is 2a 2  2b 2  c 2 Where AB=c; BC=a; CA=b given distinct collinear points is
2
1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) Infinite
WE-12: If G is the centroid of ABC and BC=3,
3. The number of points equidistant from three
CA=4, AB=5 then BG=
given non-collinear points is
Sol: Length of the median through B is
1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) Infinite
1 1
2c 2  2a 2  b 2  50  18  16  13  4. If two vertices of an equilateral triangle have
2 2
integral coordinates, then the third vertex will
2 52 have
BG 
3
 
13 
3 1) Integral coordinates
Some standard results: 2) coordinates which are rational
3) at least one coordinate irrational
The line segment joining the mid points of two sides
of triangle is equal to half of the third side and parallel 4) coordinates which are irrational
to the third side 5. ( x1 , y1 ),  x2 , y2  ,  x3 , y3  be the co-ordinates
In a triangle ABC if AD is the median drawn to BC
of vertices of a triangle such that xi and yi
then AB 2  AC 2  2  AD 2  BD 2 
A triangle is isosceles if any two of its medians are
  i  1, 2, 3  are rational numbers, then
equal which of the following has not necessarily
The diagonals in rhombus,square,rectangle and rational co-ordinates
parallelogram bisect each other 1) incentre 2) centroid
The figure obtained by joining the middle points of 3) circumcentre 4) orthocentre
the quadrilateral in order is parallelogram 6. The centre of the circle which pass through
In a parallelogram, if diagonals intersect at right the vertices of a rectangle is
angles, then parallelogram is rhombus 1) Mid point of the diagonal
Diagonals of a rhombus bisects the angles 2) One vertex
Let two straight lines meet at A and any line Parallel 3) Divides one diagonal in the ratio 1 : 2

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4) Divides one diagonal in the ratio 2 : 1 6. If (2, 1), (2, 5) are opposite corners of a square
then the length of its side is
7. The number of points on x-axis which are at a 1) 4 2) 2 2 3) 3 4) 2
distance c units (c < 3) from (2, 3) is SECTION FORMULAAND POINTS OF
1) 1 2) 2 3) 0 4) 3 TRISECTION
C.U.Q - KEY 7. The point R (22,23) divides the join of P(7,5)
and Q externally in the ratio 3 : 5 then Q is
1) 4 2) 1 3) 2 4) 3 5) 1
1) (  3, 7) 2) (3,  7)
6) 1 7) 3 3) (  3,  7) 4) (4, 1)
C.U.Q - HINTS 8. If the points A(a, b), B(  a,  b) and
1. All points on perpendicular bisector are equidistant P(a2, ab) are collinear then the ratio in which
from given points. P divides AB is
2. Such type of points does not exist. 1) 1 + a : 1  a 2) 1 : a
3. Circumcentre is equidistance from three non- 3) a : 1 4) 1  a : 1 + a
collinear points.
4. Area of equilateral triangle is an irrational number. 9. If A(a, 2), B(b, 3) then x-axis divides AB in
5. Length of the sides need not be rational. Hence the ratio
incentre need not be rational co-ordinates. 1) 3 : 2 externally 2) 2 : 3 externally
6. In right angled triangled circumcentre is mid point 3) a : b externally 3) b : a externally
of the hypotenuse. 10. A point of trisection of the line joining the
7. Minimum distance from (2, 3) to x-axis is 3. points (  1, 2), (3,  4) is
1) (1/3, 1) 2) (5/3,  2) 3) (1/3, 2) 4) (5/3, 11)
EXERCISE - I (C.W.) HARMONIC CONJUGATE
DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO POINTS 11. The harmonic conjugate of (4, 1) with respect
1. Distance between two points (2, cot  ) and to the points (3, 2) and (  1, 6) is
(1, 0) is
7 8 7 8
1) cosec  2) sec  3) | Sec  |4) | cosec  | 1) (  4, 1) 2) (1, 4) 3)  ,  4)  , 
 3 3 6 6

2. If <  <  , then the distance between two TRIANGLES
2
points (tan  , 2) and (0, 1) is 12. The triangle with the vertices (4, 3), (  3,2),
1) cosec  2) sec  3)  sec  4)  cosec  (1,  6) is
3. The distance between two points (1, 1) and 1) An obtuse angled triangle
 2t 2 (1  t) 2  2) An acute angled triangle
 2
, 2  is 3) Right angled
 1 t 1 t  4) Right angled isosceles
1) 4t 2) 3t 3) 1 4) 24
4. The mid points of the sides AB and AC of a  8
triangle ABC are (3, 5), (  3,  3) then the 13. The points  0,  , 1,3 ,  82,30 are vertices of
 3
length of the side BC is 1) An obtuse angled triangle
1) 40 2) 20 3) 30 4)18
2) An acute angled triangle
5. Distance between the points
3) Right angled 4) Lies on a same line
  2   2   14. A triangle with vertices (4, 0), (  1,  1),
 a cos    3  , a sin     and
3   (3, 5) is
   
1) an isosceles and right angled
      2) an isosceles but not right angled
 a cos    3  , a sin    3   is
     3) a right angled but not isosceles
1) 2a 2) 3a 3) a/2 4) a

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 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I 2D-GEMETRY - COORDINATE SYSTEM

4) neither right angled nor isosceles

AREA OF THE TRIANGLE & COLLINEAR 22. The points (-1, 5), (-2, -3), (5,1) (6,9) taken in
POINTS order are the vertices of a
1) Parallelogram 2) Rhombus
15. If 1, a  ,  3,9a  ,  4, b  ,  6,18  are collinear,, 3) Rectangle 4) Square
23. If 3, 5 be the distances between the parallel
 b
then  a,   sides and 30O is the angle between two adjacent
 a sides of a parallelogram then its area
6   6 13  1) 15/2 2) 15 3) 30 4) 15/4
1)  6,13 2)  ,13  3)  ,  4)  21,13
7  7 7  LENGTH OF MEDIANS
16. The maximum area of the triangle formed by 24. The vertices of a triangle are (2,1),
the points (0,0), (acos  , bsin  ) and (acos  , (-2,-2), (1,0). Then sum of squares of the
-b sin  ) (in square units) lengths of the medians of the triangle is
1) 25 2) 40 3) 30 4) 45
3 ab 25. The mid points of the sides BC, CA, AB of a
1) ab 2) ab 3) 4) a2b2
4 2 triangle ABC are (-1,3), (-2,4), (2,-5) then the
17. An equilateral triangle has each side equal to length of the median through vertex A is
‘a’. If (x1, y1), (x2, y2) and (x3, y3) are the 1) 5 5 2) 53 3) 338 4) 5 2
2 26. A (-1, 3), B (1, -1), C (5,1) are the vertices of a
x1 y1 1 triangle ABC. Then the length of the median
x2 y2 1 through the vertex A is
vertices of the triangle then =
x3 y3 1 1) 7 2) 6 3) 8 4) 5
MISSING VERTICES
3a 4 27. If the points (a+b, a-b), (2a+b, 2a-b),
1) 3a4 2) 3) 4a4 4) a4
4 (a-b, a+b) are the consecutive vertices of a
parallelogram then its fourth vertex is
y z z x 1) (b,-b) 2) (2b,b) 3) (-b,b) 4) (b,2b)
18. The sides of a triangle are  ,  and
z x x y 28. If P (1,2), Q (4,6), R(5,7), S(a,b) are vertices of
a parallelogram PQRS then
x y 1) a  2, b  4 2) a  3, b  4
 then its area in square units is
y z 3) a  2, b  3 4) a  3, b  5
29. If  2, 4  ,  2, 6  are two vertices of an
x y z
  x2 y 2 z 2
1) xyz 2) 3) xyz 4) equilateral triangle then the third vertex is
y z x 2
19. The centroid and two vertices of a triangle are

1) 2  3,5  2)  3  2,5
(4,  8), (  9, 7), (1,4) then the area of the 3)  5, 2  3  4)  5, 2  3 
triangle (in sq. units) is
1) 333 2) 166.5 3) 111 4) 55.5 30. If the points (0,0), (3, 3 ), (p,q) form an
20. If the points (k, 2k), (3k, 3k) and (3,1) are equilateral triangle and q1, q2 are the two values
collinear, then k = ........ of q then q1+q2 =
1) 1/3 2) -1/3 3) 3 4) -3 1) 2 3 2) 3 3)  3 4) 0

QUADRILATERAL 31. If  2, 4  ,  4, 2  are the extremities of the

hypotenuse of a right angled isosceles triangle,
21. The points (5, -3), (-3, -2), (9, 12), (17,11) taken then the third vertex is
in order form a
1) Parallelogram 2) Rhombus 1)  2, 2  or  4, 4  2)  3,3 or  4, 4 
3) Rectangle 4) Square

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 2D-GEMETRY - COORDINATE SYSTEM JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

3)  2, 2  or  3,3 4)  2,3 or  3, 2  29)1 30)2 31)1 32)2 33)1 34)2 35)4

36)3 37)3 38)1
CENTROID, ORTHOCENTRE,
CIRCUMCENTRE AND INCENTRE EXERCISE - I (C.W) - HINTS
32. If (1,a), (2,b), (c2,-3) are vertices of a triangle 1. distance = 1  cot 2   cos ec 
then the condition for its centroid to lie on
x-axis is 2. 1  tan 2   s ec   sec 
1) 3a + 3b = 1 2) a+b=3 3. Put t  o
3) ab=3 4) 2a+3b=7 4. If E,F are mid points of AB and ACthen BC =
33. In  ABC, A (5,6) and its centroid is (2,3) then 2EF
mid point of the side BC is 5. Put  = 0
1) (1/2, 3/2) 2) (3/2, 3/4) 6. 2x 2  16  x  2 2
3) (3/2, 1/2) 4) (3/4, 3/2)
 3x  35 3y  25 
34. A  3x1 ,3 y1  , B  3x2 ,3 y2  , C  3x3 ,3 y3  are 7. Let Q  x, y  ;  ,
2 
  22, 23 
 2
vertices of a triangle with orthocentre H at 8. m : n  x1  x2 : x2  x3 ; a  a 2 : a 2  a
 x1  x2  x3 , y1  y2  y3  then the ABC  9.  y 1 : y 2
10. The point divides given points in the ratio 2:1 is
   
1) 2) 3) 4) 5 
2 3 6 4  , 2 
35. Circumradius of the triangle with vertices 3 
(2a, 0), (2a, 2b), (0, 2b) is 11.  4,1 divides  3,2  and  1,6 in the ratio -1:5.
a 2  b2 The point that divides joining the line segment
1) 2 a  b
2 2 2)
2 7 8
 3, 2  and  1,6  in the ratio 1:5 is  3 , 3 
3)2a 2  b2 4) a 2  b 2
12. AB2  50,BC 2  80,AC2  90
36. The vertices of a triangle are (6, 6), (0, 6)and
(6,0) the distance between its circumcentre and AB2  BC 2  AC 2 ,BC 2  CA 2  AB2 ,
centroid is CA 2  AB 2  BC 2
1 13. Slopes are equal.
1) 2 2 2) 2 3) 2 4) 14. AB2  26,BC 2  52,AC 2  26
2
37. If A(3,  4), B(7, 2) are the ends of a diameter 15. Slope of AB = Slope of BC .
of a circle and C(3, 2) is a point on the circle 1
16. x1 y2  x 2 y1
then the orthocentre of the  ABC is 2
1) (0, 0) 2) (3,  4) 3) (3, 2) 4) (7, 2) 1
 ab sin 2 for maximum sin2  = 1
38. The vertices of a triangle are (0,0),  
3,3 , 2
x1 y1 1
 
3,3 then the incentre is
17.
3 2 1
a  x2 y2 1
1) (0, 2) 2) (2, 0) 3) (1, 1) 4) (1, 2) 4 2
x3 y3 1
EXERCISE - I (C.W) - KEY 3 2
1)4 2)3 3)3 4)2 5)4 6)2 7)3 18. put x = y = z = 1, Area  a
4
8)4 9)2 10)2 11)3 12)2 13)4 14)1
15)2 16)3 17)2 18)2 19)2 20)2 21)1 19. Area of the triangle = 3  area of GAB 
22)2 23)3 24)3 25)2 26)4 27)3 28)3 20. Area of the triangle = 0

236 PINEGROVE
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21. AB2 65,BC2 340,AC2 241,BD2 569 in x-axis is

22. AB2 65,BC2 65,AC2 52,BD2 208 1) 2|x| 2) 2|y| 3) x 2  y 2 4) 0
p1 p2 4. P is a point on the line x=y. If the distance of P
23.   from (1,3) is 10 then x and y coordinates of P
sin 
are both equal to
3
2 2 2
24. AD  BE  CF 
4
 AB 2  BC 2  CA2  1) 9 or -5 2) -9 or 5 3) -9 or -5 4) 9 or 5
5. A circle with centre (3,-4) touches X-axis its
25. A  E  F  D   1, 4  ; AD  4  49 radius is
26. A  1, 3  D  3,0  ; 1) 5 2) 3 3) 9/2 4) 4
AD  5
6. The length of the diagonal of a square is (a+b)
27. D  AC  B then its perimeter is
28. S=P+R-Q
29. Third vertex 1) 4(a+b) 2) 2 2 (a+b) 3) 2 (a+b) 4) 2(a+b)
 x1  x 2  3  y1  y 2  y1  y 2  3  x1  x 2  
 ,  SECTION FORMULA & POINTS OF
 2 2 
  TRISECTION
 2  2  3  4  6 4  6  3  2  2  7. The coordinates of the point which divides the
 ,  line segment joining (a+b, a-b) and
 2 2 
  (a-b, a+b) in the ratio of a:b externally is

 2  3,5   a 2  2ab  b 2 a 2  b2 
,
1)  
30. q1  q2  y1  y2  0  3  ab ab 

 2  4   4  2  4  2   2  4   a 2  2ab  b 2 a 2  b2 
31. Third Vertex  ,  2)  , 
 2 2   ab ab 
  3  1,3  1   4, 4  or  2, 2 
 a 2  2ab  b 2 a 2  b2 
Gy  0 3)  , 
32. ab ab 

33 G divides AD in ratio 2:1
34. Centroid = Orthocentre  It is equilateral triangle.  a 2  ab  2b 2 a 2  ab  2b 2 
35. Given points form a right angled triangle 4)  , 
 a  2b 2a  b 
36. Given points form a right angled triangle
37. C  900 8. The points A(1,2), B(  3,4), C(7,  1) aree
38. Given points form an equilateral triangle  I = G collinear .The ratio in which A divides BC is
1) 2 : 3 2) 3 : 2 3)  2 : 3 4)  3 : 2
EXERCISE - I (H.W) 9. The ratio in which the y-axis divides the line
DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO POINTS segment joining (3,6), (12,  3) is
1) 1 : 4 internally 2)  2 : 1
1. If the distance between the points (k,2) and
3) 1 : 4 externally 4) 2 : 1
(3,4) is 8 then k =
10. If A(  2, 5), B(3, 1) and P, Q are the points of
1) 3  60 2) 60 3) - 60 4) 57
trisection of AB , then mid point of PQ is
2. The distance between the points
(sin  , cos  ) and (cos  , -sin  ) is 1   1 
1) (2, 3) 2)  2 , 3  3)   2 , 4  4) (1, 4)
   
1) 1 2) 2 3) 2 4) 6
3. The distance of the point (x,y) from its image HARMONIC CONJUGATE
11 The points A (1,-3), B(2,-2), C (5,1) are collinear

PINEGROVE 237
 2D-GEMETRY - COORDINATE SYSTEM JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

then the harmonic conjugate of B with respect 22. The points (  4,  1), (  2,  4), (4, 0), (2, 3)
to A, C is taken inorder are the vertices of a
1) (1,4) 2) (1,-5) 3) (-1,-5) 4) (7,3) 1) Parallelogram 2) Rhombus
3) Rectangle 4) Square
TRIANGLES 23. If the diagonals of a trapezium are equal then
12. The triangle with vertices (a, b), (a,a), the ratio of the length of non-parallel sides is
(b, a) is 1) 1 : 1 2) 1 : 2 3) 3 : 1 4) 4 : 3
1) Equilateral 2) Isosceles LENGTH OF MEDIANS
3) Right angled 4) Right angled isosceles 24. The sum of the squares of the sides of a
13. The three points (2, -4) (4,-2), (7,1) triangle is 32 units. Then the sum of the
1) form equilateral triangle 2) form isosceles triangle squares of the medians of the triangle is
3) lie on a line 4) form right angled triangle 1) 20 2) 24 3) 16 4) 26
14. The points (a,b), (-a, -b), (b 3, a 3) are the 25. The lengths of the sides of a triangle ABC
vertices of a triangle which is are AB=10, BC=7, CA= 37 then length of
1) Isosceles 2) Equilateral the median through the vertex C is
3) Right angled 4) Scalene
1) 3 2 2) 2 3 3) 3 3 4) 4 2
AREA OF THE TRIANGLE & COLLINEAR
26. If the sides of ABC are 5, 7, 8 units then
POINTS
AG 2  BG 2  CG 2 
15. If the points (a,b), (b,c), (c,a) are collinear then
a2 + b2 + c2 = 1) 46 2) 138 3) 92 4) 69
1) 3abc 2) ab + bc + ca MISSING VERTICES
3) 2(ab + bc + ca) 4) 3(a + b + c)
16. Area of the triangle formed by (x 1, y 1 ), 27. The centroid of a triangle is (2,3) and two of
(x2, y2), (3x2  2x1, 3y2  2y1) (in sq. units) is its vertices are (5,6) and (-1,4) then the third
1) 0 2) 2 3) 3 4) 6 vertex of the triangle is
17. (2,  3), (6, 5), (  2, 1) are three consecutive 1) (3,1) 2) (2,-1) 3) (4,-1) 4) (3,0)
vertices of a rhombus then its area is 28. ABC is a triangle in which A (0,2) and B(4,0).
1) 24 2) 36 3) 18 4) 48 If (4,4) is the mid point of BC then the mid
18. The points  a,0 ,  0, b , 1,1 are collinear if point of AC is
1) (6,3) 2) (3,6) 3) (2,5) 4) (-2,5)
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1)   1 2)   2 3)   3 4)   4 29. If (3,2), (-3,2), (0,h) are vertices of an
a b a b a b a b equilateral triangle and h<0, then h=
19. Area of triangle formed by
1) 2  27 2) 2  27 3) 2  27 4) 2 + 27
x  kx y  ky
 x1 , y1  ,  x2 , y2  ,  1 2 , 1 2  is 30. ABC is an isosceles triangle. If the
 1 k 1 k 
coordinates of the base are B (1,3) & C(-2,7).
1)  k  1 y1  y2 2)  k  1 x1  x2 The vertex A can be
1) (1,6) 2) (-1/2, 5) 3) (-7,1/6) 4) (5/6,6)
3) x1 y2  x2 y1 4) 0
31. The side of a square ABCD is ‘a’units.
20. If A, B, C are collinear points, A = (3,4), A,B,C,D are in the anti-clockwise order. If AB
B = (7,7) and AC = 10 then C =
and AD are coordinate axes. Then the
1) (5, 2) 2) (5,  2) 3) (  5,  2) 4) (  5, 2)
coordinates of C are
QUADRILATERAL 1) (a, -a) 2) (-a,-a) 3) (-a,a) 4) (a,a)
21. The points (0,  1), (2,1), (0,3), (  2,1) taken CENTROID, ORTHOCENTRE,
in order form a
1) Parallelogram 2) Rhombus
CIRCUMCENTRE AND INCENTRE
3) Rectangle 4) Square

238 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I 2D-GEMETRY - COORDINATE SYSTEM

32. If the centroid of the triangle formed by (p,q), 4. P  k , k  A 1,3 , PA = 10

3 3 3
(q,r), (r,s) is (0,0) then p  q  r 
5. r  y1
1) 0 2) 3pqr 3) pq+qr+rs 4) pqr
33. A (1,3), B (4,-1), C(-8,4) are the vertices of a 6. 2  a  length of the diagonal where a is side of a
triangle ABC. If D, E, F divides BC, CA, AB square
in the same ratio 2:1 then centroid of the  mx 2  nx1 my 2  ny 1 
triangle DEF is 7.  mn , mn 
 
1) (-1, 2) 2) (1,-2) 3) (-1,-2) 4) (1,2) 8. x1  x : x  x2
34. The line join of the points (2,3) and (-1,5)
subtends a right angle at P. If the locus of P is 9. Y-axis divides  x1 y1  and  x2 y2  in the ratio
a circle then its radius is  x1 : x2
13 10. mid point of PQ = mid point of AB
1) 3 2) 3) 5 4) 3 11. B divides AC in the ratio 1 : 3
2
12. AB=BC , AB 2  BC 2  AC 2
35. The distance between the orthocentre and
circumcentre of the triangle with vertices (0,0), 13. A(2, -4) B(4, -2) C(7, 1) AB  BC  CA
(4,0), (0,6) is 14. AB 2  BC 2  AC 2  4a 2  4b 2
1) 15 2) 2 3 3) 13 4) 5 15. Slopes are equal
16. The collinear points do not form a triangle
36. Incentre of the triangle with vertices
17. Area of Rhombus ABCD = 2 x Area of  ABC
(4,-2), (5,5), (-2,4) is
18. Slopes are equal
1) (5/4, 3/4) 2) (3/2, 3/2) 19. Given points are collinear
3) (5/3, 5/3) 4) (5/2, 5/2) 20. AB = 5  B is mid point of AC
37. The incentre of the triangle with vertices
21. AB2 8,BC2 8,AC2 16,BD2 16
1, 3 ,  0,0 ,  2,0 is 22. AB2 13,BC2 52,AC2 65,BD2 65
23. Standard result
 3 2 1  2 3  1  3
1) 1, 2  2)  ,  3)  3 , 2  4) 1,  2 2 2
24. AD  BE  CF   AB 2  BC 2  CA2 
   3 3     3 4
38. I is the incentre of triangle ABC, AD is the 25. Use length of median through C
angular bisector of A then AI : ID = 1
= 2a 2  2b 2  c 2
1) a+b:c 2) b+c:a 3) c+a:b 4) b : c 2
EXERCISE - I (H.W)-KEY 2 2 2 2 2

26. AB  BC  CA  3 GA  GB  GC
2

1)1 2)2 3)2 4)1 5)4 6)2 7)1 27. C = 3G-(A+B)
8)1 9)3 10)2 11)3 12)4 13)3 14)2 28. A  0, 2  B  4,0  D  4, 4  D is the mid point of BC
15)2 16)1 17)4 18)1 19)4 20)3 21)4
22)3 23)1 24)2 25)1 26)1 27)2 28)3 C =  4,8 mid point of AC  2,5
29)3 30)4 31)4 32)2 33)1 34)2 35)3 29. A  3, 2  B  3, 2  C  0, h  AB  AC
36)4 37)4 38)2 30. Perpendicular bisector of BC is 6x-8y+43=0, verify
EXERCISE - I (H.W)-HINTS 31. A(0,0)B  a,0  D(0,a)  C  a,a 
2
32. Given form an equilateral triangle
1.  K  3  4  64 33. Centroid of  DEF = centroid of  ABC
2. Put  = 0 1
34. r  AB
3. The image of  x, y  w.r.to X-axis is  x,  y  2
35. Given points form a right angled triangle

PINEGROVE 239
 2D-GEMETRY - COORDINATE SYSTEM JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

 ax1  bx2  cx3 ay1  by2  cy3  1) 1,3 2) 0, 2 3) 1,3 4) 3, 2
36. I   , 
 abc abc  1
37. Given points form an equilateral triangle 7. If the points (2, 0), (1, ), (Cos , Sin ) are
3
38. Standard result
collinear then the number of values of
EXERCISE - II (C.W)   [0, 2 ]
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4
DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO POINTS
8. The point A divides the join of P  5,1 and
1. The point A  sin  , cos   is 3 units away from
Q  3,5  in the ratio k :1 . The values of k for
the point B  2 cos 750 , 2 sin 750  if
which the area of ABC where
00    360 0 then   B 1,5  , C  7, 2  is 2 sq.units is
1) 1950 2) 1050 3) 2850 4) 2700
1) 7, 31 / 9 2) 7,31 / 9
2. Point B is symmetric to A (4, -1) with respect 3) 7, 31/ 9 4) 7, 31/ 9
to the bisector of the first quadrant. Then 9. a, b, c are in A.P and x, y, z are in G.P. The
length of AB is points  a, x  ,  b, y  ,  c, z  are collinear if
1) 5 2 2) 2 5 3) 3 3 4)2 3
1) x 2  y 2) x  z 2 3) y 2  z 4) x  y  z
3. The abscissae of two points A and B are the
roots of the equation x2+2ax-b2=0 and their 10. If ‘O’ is the origin and A (x 1 , y 1 ),
ordinates are the roots of y2+2py-q2=0 then B (x2, y2) then the circum radius of  AOB is
the distance AB in terms of a, b, p, q is OA.OB.AB OA.OB.AB
1) 2 2 2 2
a  b  p  q 2) 2 a  b  q  p 2 2 2 2 1) 2 | x y  x y | 2) | x y  x y |
1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1

3) a2  b2  p2 4) a2  b2  q2 2.OA.OB.AB OA.OB.AB
3) | x y  x y | 4) 2 | x y  x y |
SECTION FORMULA 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1

4. The coordinates of the point that is two-thirds 11. If  1,  2 are the areas of incircle and
away from (-4,3) to (5,7) is circumcircle of a triangle with sides 3,4 and 5
 17   17   3   2  1
1)  2 , 3  2)  2, 3  3)  2, 17  4)  3, 17  then 
        2
AREA OF THE TRIANGLE & COLLINEAR 16 4 9 9
POINTS 1) 2) 3) 4)
25 25 25 16
5. The area of triangle formed by the vertices 12. In ABC , A=(1, 2), B= (5,5), ACB  900 . If
(a, 1/a), (b, 1/b) and (c, 1/c) is
area of ABC is to be 6.5 sq.units, then the
abc  a  b  b  c  c  a  possible number of points for C is
1) 2) 2abc 1) 1 2) 2 3) 0 4) 4
abc
13. Point P is (-2,-3) and Q (3,7). The point A on x-
abc 1 2 axis for which PA + AQ is least is
3) 4) (a  b 2  c 2 )
abc 2
1   1 
6. Let A h, k  , B 1,1 , C  2,1 be the vertices of a 1)  , 0  2)   , 0  3) (2,0) 4) (-2,0)
2   2 
right angle triangle with AC as its
hypotenuse.If the area of the triangle is 1 then AREA OF THE QUADRILATERAL
the set of values of K can be

240 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I 2D-GEMETRY - COORDINATE SYSTEM

14. Let A = ( -4,0 ), B = ( -1,4 ). C and D are points the triangle with vertices A(–36, 7), B(20, 7)
which are symmetric to points A and B
respectively with respect to y-axis, then the 25
and C(0, –8) and GI = 205 then  =
area of the quadrilateral ABDC is 3
1) 8 sq.units 2) 12 sq.units 1) 1/25 2)1/5 3)25 4)5
3) 20 sq.units 4) 10 sq.units
15. ABCD is a trapezium with AB and CD parallel.
If AB=6, BC=5, CD=3 , DA=4, A  900 then 24. Origin is the orthocentre of the triangle formed
area of ABCD is by the points (5, -1), (-2,3) and
1) 27 2) 12 3) 18 4) 15 (-4, -7) then the nine point circle centre is

16. A string of length 12 is bent first into a square  1 5   1 5 

1)  ,  2)  ,  3) (1, 1) 4) (5, 3)
PQRS and then into an isosceles triangle PQT  3 3   4 4 
by keeping the side PQ of the square as base 25. In radius of the triangle with vertices (1,1),
then area of the Square PQRS: area of the
triangle PQT = (-1,-1), (- 3 , 3 ) is
1)3:2 2) 2 :1 3) 2:3 4)1: 2
CENTROID, ORTHOCENTRE, 2
1) 2 3 2) 3 2 3)
4) 6
CIRCUMCENTRE, INCENTRE AND 3
NINEPOINT CIRCLECENTRE 26. If (a, b), (x, y), (p,q) are the coordinates of
17. Orthocentre of the triangle with vertices (4,1), circumcentre, centroid, orthocentre of the
(7,4), (5,-2) is triangle then
1) (0,0) 2) (1,2) 3) (3/2, 3/2) 4) (2,1)
18. O is the orthocentre of the triangle formed by 1) 3x = 2a + p, 3y = 2b + q
A(1,-3), B(7,2), C(2,5) then the distance 2) x = 3a + 2p, y = 3b + 2q
between the orthocentres of  BOC,  AOB is 3) 3x = a + 2p, 3y = b + 2q
1 4) x = a + p, y = b + q
1) 65 2) 2 65 3) 65 4) 65 27. I , I1 , I 2 , I 3 are incentre and excentres of
2
19. The circumcentre of the triangle formed by  ABC. If I(0, 0) I1(2, 3), I2(5, 7) then distance
(-2,3), (2,-1) and (4,0) is
1) (3/2, 5/2) 2) (-3/2, 5/2) between orthocentres of  I I1I 3 and  I1I 2 I3
3) (3/2, -5/2) 4) (-3/2, -5/2)
1) 13 2) 5 3) 74 4) 2 37
20. In a  ABC, the sides BC  5, CA  4, AB  3 . If
A (0,0) and the internal bisector of angle A EXERCISE - II (C.W) - KEY
 12 12  1)1 2)1 3)2 4)2 5)2 6)3 7)1
meets BC in D  ,  then incentre of
 7 7 8)1 9)4 10)1 11)2 12)3 13)2 14)3
 ABC is 15)3 16)2 17)2 18)1 19)1 20)4 21)2
1) (2,2) 2) (3,2) 3) (2,3) 4) (1,1) 22)1 23)1 24)2 25)3 26)1 27)3
21. The mid points of the sides of a triangle ABC
are (1/2, 1/2), (1/2,0), (0,1/2). Then the incentre
of triangle ABC is EXERCISE - II (C.W) - HINTS
2 2
 1
,
1  1.  2cos 75 0
 sin     2sin 750  cos    3
1) (1/2, 1/2) 2)  
 2 2 2 2  2. B is image of A w.r.t. y = x  B = (-1,4)
3) (0,0) 4) (1,2) 3. Let x1, x2 are x-coordinates of A, B and y 1 , y 2
22. The mid point of the sides of a triangle are are y-coordinates of A, B then
 5, 0 ,  5,12  and  0,12  . The orthocentre of x1+x2 = -2a x1x2 = -b2
this triangle is y1+y2 = -2p y1y2 = -q2
AB2 = (x1 - x2)2 + (y1 - y2)2
1)  0, 0  2) 10,0  3)  0, 24  4) 13 / 3,8 
= (x1 + x2)2 - 4x1x2 + (y1 + y2)2 - 4y1y2
23. If G be the centroid and I be the incentre of

PINEGROVE 241
 2D-GEMETRY - COORDINATE SYSTEM JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

2 1
4. :  2:1
3 3
5. Use area of the triangle formula
6. Slope of BC = 0  AB is vertical  h  1
Area of ABC  1
7. Slope of AB = Slope of AC
 3k  5 5k  1 
8. A ,  Area of ABC  2 16. Perimeter of PQRS = 12
 k 1 k 1  PQ  3 area of the square = 9
1 7 52 6 7 Perimeter of PQT  12 , 2S  12
1
 3k  5 5k  1  2    2k  6  4 4 9
2 1 5 PQ  3, PT  QT 
k 1 k 1 k 1 k 1 2
9. a, b, c are in AP ab bc 9
area of the PQT 
 a, x  ,  b, y  ,  c, z  are collinear 2
9
x y yz x y 9:  2 :1
   1 2
a b b c yz 17. Slope of BC is 3
 x  y  y  z  x, y, z are in A.P Altitude through A is x + 3y  7 = 0, verify
18. Distance between the orthocentres=AC
x, y, z are in A.P and also in G.P  x  y  z
19.  r bisector of AB is x  y + 1 = 0.
abc 20. I divides AD in the ratio b  c : a
10. R 
4
21. Vertices of the triangle are 1,0  0,1 0,0 
 hyp 5 22. The given triangle is a right angled.
11. r  ,R  ; r  1, R 
s 2 2  16 
2 23. G  , 2  , I   1, 0  , GI  205
1  r   3  3
  24. Nine point circle centre divides OG in the ratio
2  R 
3:1
12. ACB  900  ' C ' lies on semicircle with AB a
1 25. Given points form an equilateral triangle  r 
2 3
as diameter. A r e a   A B  h  6 .5
26. Centroid divides orthocentre,Circumcentre in the
2
ratio 2 : 1
5
r  ,h  r 27. distance between I and I2 = 74
2
13. verification EXERCISE - II (H.W.)
DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO POINTS

 a 2 a 
1. If A = (at2, 2at) ; B  2 ,  and S (a,0) then
t t 
14. 1/SA+1/SB =
1) a 2) 1/a 3) 3/a 4) 2a/3
2. If the distance between two points
15 4 1
Area = 2 5 4 = 20  20  20 sq.units  a cos ,a sin   and  a cos ,a sin   is 2a then
2
15. Area of ABCD = 12+6  is

242 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I 2D-GEMETRY - COORDINATE SYSTEM

 
1) 2n      , n  z 2) n    , n  z P in the plane such that APB  and area
2 2
of APB is 6 sq. units is
3) n   , n  z 4) 2n   , n  z 1) 0 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4
3. The point P(x,y) is equidistant from the points 13. Area of the triangle formed by (0,0),
Q(c+d,d-c) and R(c-d,c+d) then
 a , 0  ,  0, a  is 2a1
x2 6x
5 sq. units then x =
1) cx=dy 2) cx + dy = 0 3) dx = cy 4) dx+cy = 0 1) 1 or 5 2) -1 or 5 3) 1 or -5 4) -1 or -5
SECTION FORMULA AREA OF THE QUADRILATERAL
4. The point whose coordinates are 14. Area of the regular hexagon whose diagonal
x=x1+t(x2-x1) and y=y1+t(y2-y1) divides the join is the join of (2,4) and (6,7) is
of (x1,y1), (x2,y2) in the ratio
75 3 75 3 25 3 6 3
t 1 t t 1 t 1) 2) 3) 4)
1) 2) 3) 4) 8 16 16 5
1 t t 1 t t 15. A circle and a square have the same perimeter
AREA OF THE TRIANGLE & COLLINEAR then
POINTS 1) Their areas are equal
2) The area of the circle is larger
5. The area of the triangle formed by the origin, 3) The area of the square is larger
the point P (x,y) and its reflection in X-axis is
4) Area of the circle =  (Area of the square)
1 16. Instead of walking along two adjacent sides of
1) xy 2) 2 xy 3) xy 4) xy
2 a rectangular field , a boy took a short cut along
6. Area of the triangle with vertices (t,t-2), (t+3,t), the diagonal and saved the distance equal to
(t+2, t+2) is half of the longer side. Then the ratio of the
1) 4 2) 8 3) 6 4) 10
shorter side to the longer side is
7. The points with coordinates  2a,3a  , 1)1:2 2)2:3 3)1:4 4)3:4
 3b, 2b  and  c, c  are collinear CENTROID, ORTHOCENTRE ,
1) for all values of a,b,c2) for no values of a,b,c CIRCUMCENTRE, INCENTRE AND
3) iff a,c/5,b are in H.P. 4) iff a,2c/5,b are in H.P. NINEPOINT CIRCLECENTRE
8. If A (6,3), B(-3,5), C(4,-2) and P (a,b) then the
ratio of the areas of the triangles PBC, ABC 17. Orthocentre of the triangle with vertices (0,0),
is (1,1), (-2,3) is
1) |a+b| : 7 2) |a-b| : 7 3 |a+b+2| : 7 4) |a+b-2|: 7 1) (3/5, 4/5) 2) (2/5, 3/5)
9. If A = (-3, 4), B = (-1, -2), C = (5,6), 3) (4/5, 3/5) 4) (3/5, 2/5)
D = (x,-4) are vertices of a quadrilateral such 18. Two vertices of a triangle are (5, -1) and (-2,3).
that area of triangle ABD = 2 area of triangle If orthocentre is origin, then coordinates of the
ACD, then x = third vertex
1) 6 2) 9 3) 69 4) 96 1) (4,7) 2) (-4,7) 3) (-4,-7) 4) (4,-7)
10. Let ‘O’ be the origin and P (x 1,y 1) and 19. The circumcentre of the triangle with vertices
Q (x2,y2) then OP.OQ sin  POQ = (1,3), (-3,5), (5,-1) is
1) x1x2+y1y2 2) x1y2+x2y1 3) |x1y2-x2y1| 4) |x1y2+x2y1| 1) (8, 7) 2) (-8,-10) 3) (7,5) 4) (4,3)
11. If x1,x2,x3 are in A.P. and y1, y2, y3 are also in 20. (0,0), (20,15), (36,15) are the vertices of a
A.P. with same common difference then the triangle then the ex-centre opposite to vertex
points (x1,y1), (x2,y2) and (x3,y3) form
(0,0) is
1) A scalene triangle 2) A right angled triangle
3) An equilateral triangle 4) Collinear 1) (35,20) 2) (19,18) 3) (16,25) 4) (14,22)
21. The mid points of the sides of a triangle are
12. If A 1, 2  , B  4, 2  , then the number of points (1/2, 0), (0, 1/2) and (1/2, 1/2) then its
circumcentre is

PINEGROVE 243
 2D-GEMETRY - COORDINATE SYSTEM JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

1) (1,1) 2) (1,1/2) 3) (1/2,1) 4) (1/2,1/2) 8)4 9)3 10)3 11)4 12)4 13)4 14)1
22. Incentre of the triangle formed by the lines 15)2 16)4 17)2 18)3 19)2 20)1 21)4
x+y=1, x=1, y=1 is 22)3 23)3 24)3 25)2 26)1 27)1
 1 1   1 1  EXERCISE -II (H.W)-HINTS
1) 1  ,1   2) 1  , 
 2 2  2 2 1. put t=1
 1 1   1 1  2.  a cos   a cos 2   asin   a sin  2  4a2
3)  ,  4)  ,1  
 2 2  2 2 3. PQ 2  PR 2
23. If A (0,0), B (1,0) and C(1/2, 3 /2) then the 4. x1  x : x  x2
centre of the circle for which the lines AB, BC,
CA are tangents is 5. The reflection of P  x, y  in x axis is Q  x,  y 
1) (1/2, 1/4) 2)(3/2, 1/2 3 )
area of triangle OPQ  xy
3) (1/2, 1/2 3 ) 4) (1/2, -1/ 3 )
6. Put t = 0
24. Orthocentre of the triangle is (2,1) and the
7. Slopes are equal
7 5
circumcentre is  ,  then its nine point 8. Calculate Areas of  PBC,  ABC..
2 2
circle centre is 1 x1  x 2 y1  y 2
9. Area = 2 x  x y  y
1 3 1 3
 7 11   7 11   11 7   7 7 
1)  ,  2)  ,  3)  ,  4)  , 
4 4  4 2   4 4 2 4 1
10. use   ab sin C
2
25. If  x1, y1  ,  x2 , y2  ,  x3 , y3  are vertices of
equilateral triangle such that 11. Put x 1 , x 2 , x 3 = 1,2,3
2 2 2 2 y 1 , y 2 , y 3  2, 3, 4
 x1  2    y1  3   x2  2    y2  3 
2 2
Slope of AB = Slope of BC
 x3  2    y3  3
1 5
12. Area   AB  h  6, r  , h  r
then x1  x2  x3  2  y1  y2  y3  = 2 2
1) 18 2) 24 3) 6 4) 8 1
26. If (0, 0) is orthocentre of triangle formed by 13. Area  x1 y 2  x 2 y1
2
A cos,sin   , B  cos  ,sin   , C  cos  ,sin   14. Area of regular hexagon = 6 (Area of equilateral
triangle), 2a = 5
then BAC =
15. Let a be the side of square,
0
1 r be radius of the circle
1) 600 2) 300 3) 450 4) 22
2 4a  2 r
27. One vertex of an equilateral triangle is (2,2)
area of the square 
   <1
and its centroid is  2 , 2  then length area of the circle 4
 3 3 
of its side is a
16. a2  b2  b
1) 4 2 2) 4 3 3) 3 2 4)5 2 2

EXERCISE-II (H.W)-KEY 3
17. Altitude through A is y  x
1)2 2)1 3)3 4)3 5)4 6)1 7) 4 2
18. Find the orthocentre of the triangle formed with

244 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I 2D-GEMETRY - COORDINATE SYSTEM

the points (0, 0), (5, -1) and (-2, 3) incentre of the triangle formed by the line
19. Perpendicular bisector of AB is 2x - y + 6 = 0 x + y = a with the co-ordinate axes lie on

  ax1  bx2  cx3  ay1  by2  cy3  1) x 2  y 2  1 2) y = x 3) y = 2 x 4) y = 3x

20. I1   ,  5. The line joining the points (x1,y1) and (x2,y2)
 a  b  c a  b  c 
subtends a right angle at the point (1,1) then
21. Vertices of the triangle are 1, 0  ,  0,1 ,  0, 0  x1x2+y1y2 =
1) 0 2) x1+x2+y1+y2-2
22. Vertices of the triangle are 1,0   0,1 and 1,1 3) 3(x1+x2+y1+y2) 4) x1x2y1y2
23. Triangle is an equilateral  I  G 6. In a triangle ABC with a, b, c are the sides of
24. Nine point circle centre = mid point of orthocentre the triangle opposite to angles A, B and C
and circumcentre respectively. If a=2b and A=3B then the
triangle is
25. SA = SB = SC
1) Isosceles 2) Right angled isosceles
S = G = (2, 3)
3) Right angled 4) Equilateral
 x1  x2  x3  2  y1  y2  y3  =6+18=24 7. In triangle ABC angle B is right angled. AC=2
26. Let S=(0, 0) and A(2,2), B(1,3) then the length of the median
AD is
SA = SB = SC  equilateral triangle
5 5 1
27. a  3GA 1) 1/2 2 2)3) 2 4) 2
EXERCISE - III 8. Orthocentre of the triangle with vertices

O
 3, 10 ,  7, 6 ,  
5, 8 is
1. The distance between the points (acos48 , 0)
and (0, a cos 12O) is d then d2-a2 = 1)  3  5  7, 10  8  6 
 5 1  a2  5 1  2)  3  5  7, 6  8  10 
1) a 2 2)
4 4
3)  3  5  7, 10  8  6 

3) a 2
 5 1  4)
a2  5 1  4)  3  5  7, 10  8  6 
8 8
9. If a, x1 , x2 are in G.P with common ratio 'r'
2. If x1 , x2 , x3 as well as y1 , y2 , y3 are in G.P. with and b, y1, y2 are in G.P with common ratio 's'
the same common ratio, then the points where s-r = 2, then the area of the triangle with
 x1 , y1  ,  x2 , y2  and  x3 , y3  are vertices (a, b) , x1, y1 ,  x2 , y2  is

1) ab  r  1 2) ab  r  s 
2 2 2
1) lie on a st. line 2) lie on an ellipse
3) lie on a circle 4) are vertices of a triangle
3) ab  s  1
2
4) abrs
3. The vertices of a triangle are
10. The orthocentre of the triangle formed by the
 1  1   1 
 ab,   bc,   ca,  where a,b,c are
 ab   bc   ca 
points  at t , a  t  t   ,  at t , a  t
1 2 1 2 2 3 2  t3   ,

roots of the equation x 3  3 x 2  6 x  1  0 then  at t , a  t  t   is

31 3 1

centroid is 1)  0,0  2) 1,0 

1)  0,1 2)  2,0  3)  2, 1 4) 1, 2  3) 1, a  4)  a, a  t1  t2  t3   at1t2t3 
4. The orthocentre, circumcentre, centroid and 11. The three points   a  b  a  2b  ,  a  b   ,
PINEGROVE 245
 2D-GEMETRY - COORDINATE SYSTEM JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

 a  2b a  3b ,  a  2b  and B  a cos  , a sin   is produced to the point

  a  3b  a  4b  ,  a  3b   M  x, y  such that AM:MB = b:a then
1) Are collinear    
2) Form a triangle whose area is independent of a x cos  y sin 
3) Form a triangle whose area is independent of b 2 2
4) Form a triangle whose area is independent of 1)-1 2)0 3) 1 4)2
a,b
12. A1, A2, A3 ... An are n points whose coordinates 18. A rectangle PQRS is such that P(2,3), R(8,11)
are (x1, y1), (x2, y2), (x3, y3) ... (xn, yn). A1A2 is and the line QS is parallel to
bisected at G1. G1A3 is divided in the ratio 1:2 at Y-axis then Q and S are
G2. G2A4 is divided in the ratio 1:3 at G3 and so 1) (0,7), (10,7) 2) (5,2), (5,12)
on until all the points are exhausted. Then the 3) (5,6), (5,8) 4) (2,5), (12,5)
coordinates of the final point so obtained is 19. P, Q ,R and S are the points on line joining
 lx1  mx 2  kx3 ly1  my 2  ky 3  the points P(a,x) and T (b, y) such that PQ =
1)  l  m  k , l  m  k 
   5a  3b 5 x  3 y 
QR=RS=ST, then  ,  is the
  x1  y1   8 8 
2)  n  1 , n  1  mid point of
 
1) PQ 2) QR 3) RS 4) ST
  xi  yi    xi  yi  20. A (a,b) and B (0,0) are two fixed points. If M1
3)   i , i  4)  n , n 
    is the mid point of AB , M2 is mid point of
13. The perpendicular from origin on the line
AM1 , M3 is mid point of AM 2 and so on then
joining the points P (acos  , asin  ),
M5 is
Q(acos  , asin  ) divides PQ in the ratio
1) 5:3 2) 2:7 3) 1:1 4) 3:4  7a 7b   15a 15b   31a 31b   63a 63b 
1) 8 , 8  2) , 3) ,  4) , 
14. The equation    16 16   32 32   64 64 
2 2 2
x 2
 a 2   x 2  b2   c 4  y 2  a 2   o 21. Let n be the number of points having rational
coordinates equidistant from the point
represents  c  0 
1) 8 points 2) two circles
 0, 3  , then
3) 4 lines 4) Non intersecting lines 1) n  1 2) n  1 3) n  2 4) n  2
15. The x-coordinate of the incentre of the triangle 22. If origin is the orthocentre of the triangle with
that has the coordinates of mid points of its
vertices A  cos  ,sin   , B  cos ,sin   and
sides as  0,1 , 1,1 and 1, 0  is[MAIN-13]
C  cos  ,sin   then cos  2      
1) 2  2 2) 2  2 3) 1  2 4) 1  2
cos  2       cos  2      
16. Let S1 , S 2 ,....... be the squares such that for 1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) 3
each n  1 the length of the side Sn is equal to 23. OPQR is a square and M, N are the middle
length of the diagonal of S n1 .If the length of points of the sides PQ and QR respectively,
then the ratio of the areas of the square and
the side of S1 is 10 cm ,then the least value of the triangle OMN is
n for which area of Sn  1 sq.cm given by 1) 4 : 3 2) 8 : 3 3) 2 : 1 4) 4 : 1
1) 7 2) 8 3) 9 4) 10
17. Line joining A  b cos  , b sin   and

246 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I 2D-GEMETRY - COORDINATE SYSTEM

24. ABC is a triangle whose medians AD and BE

are perpendicular to each other. If
 a  b  a  2b   a  b  1
 a  2b  a  3b   a  2b  1  2b3
AD = p and BE = q then area of ABC is 11.
 a  3b  a  4b   a  3b  1
3 3 4 2
1) pq 2) pq 3) pq 4) pq
4 2 3 3  x1  x 2 y1  y 2 
12. G1   , 
25. Vertices of an equilateral triangle are A,B,C  2 2 
which are oriented in anticlockwise sense and  x  x2  x3 y1  y 2  y 3 
G2   1 , 
A(3,4), B(3,6) then C is  3 3 
13. OP=OQ ; O lies on perpendicular bisector of PQ
1)  3  3 , 5  2)  3  3 , 5  3) (3, 5) 4) (5, 3) The foot of the perpendicular from O is mid point
EXERCISE - III - KEY of PQ
1) 4 2) 1 3) 3 4) 2 5) 2 6) 3 7) 2 14. x2  a2  0or x2 b2  0and y2  a2  0
8) 2 9) 1 10) 4 11) 2 12) 4 13) 3 14) 1 15. A  0, 2  B  0,0  C  2,0  x coordinate of incentre
15) 2 16) 2 17) 2 18) 2 19) 2 20) 3 21) 3 040 4
   2 2
22) 4 23) 2 24) 4 25) 2 222 2 42 2
EXERCISE - III - HINTS 16. Side of the square s1  10cm
Diagonal of the square s2  10cm
1. a 2  cos 2 480  cos 2 120   d 2
10
2. x1  a, x2  ar , x3  ar 2 ; y1  b, y2  br , y3  br 2 side of the square s2  cm .
2
 a, b  ,  ar, br  ,  ar 2 , br 2  10
2
cm
similarly side of the square s3 =
3. a + b + c = 3 ; ab + bc + ca = 6; abc = -1  2
a a
4. orthocentre = (0,0) ; circumcentre   ,  10
2 2 sn  n 1
side of the square
a a  a a   2
centroid   ,  ; incentre   , 
3 3  2 2 2 2   
2

 10  1
5. A( x1 , y1 ), B( x2 , y2 ), P 1,1 ; AP 2  BP 2  AB 2 But area of sn  1   n1   100 < 2 n1

  
2 

6. a = 2b ; 2R sinA = 2.2R sinB ; sin3B = 2sinB 17. M divides AB in the ratio b : a externally
3  4 sin 2 B  2 x cos   cos 
1 
2 2 2 y sin   sin 
7. AB  2 ,AC=2, BC  2 ;AD= 2 2b  2c  a
Y
8. O  2S  3G ; Circum centre is (0,0) 18.
S
a b 1
1
 ar bs 1  ab ( r  s )( s  1)(1  r )
9. 2 2 T R
ar bs 2 1 2
P
1
 ab  r  1 r  1 2  ab  r 2  1 Q
2 X
O
10. We know orthocentre of triangle lies on altitude
T (5, 7) ; TS = TQ = 5 ; S = (5,7+5);Q=(5,7-5)
 3a  b 3 x  y 
19. Q divides P T in ratio 1:3 ; Q , 
 4 4 

PINEGROVE 247
 2D-GEMETRY - COORDINATE SYSTEM JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

 ab x y  A
R is mid point of PT ; R , 
 2 2 
 2n 1 2n 1  E
20. Mn   n a, n b
 2 2  G

21. Let A  x1 , y1  and B  x2 , y2  be two points at

B D C

equal distance  from 0, 3   Area of ABC  3.Area of ABG

2 25. BC 2  AB 2
Then,  x1  0   y1  3
2
  2
  .... (i) 2
  x  3  1  4  x  3   3
2
2
and  x2  0   y2  3    2 ..... (ii) Since x < 3, c   3  3 , 5 
Substracting Eq.(ii) from Eq.(i), then
2 2 *******

x12  x22  y1  3  y2  3    0
On comparing rational and irrational parts on both
sides y1  y2  0  y1  y2    say 
and x12  x22   y12  y22   0 or
x12  x22   2 (say)
x1  x2   
Hence, points are    ,  
If   0 , then  0,  
 n2
22. OA=OB=OC  Circumcentre S = (0,0)
Orthocentre 0 = (0,0)
 triangle is equilateral
23. Area of square is a 2
Y

N Q
R

X
O P

1 3a 2
Area of triangle is x1 y 2  x 2 y1 
2 8
2 2 2 2
24. AG  AD  p BG  BE  q
3 3 3 3

248 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I LOCUS

LOCUS
SYNOPSIS  Given A & B are two fixed points.The locus of a
 Locus is the set of points (and only those points) point P such that the area of  PAB is a constant
that satisfy the given consistant geometric is a pair of lines parallel to AB and the distance
condition(s).
i.e i) Every point satisfying the given condition (s) is 4
between the parallel lines is , is the area of
a point on the locus. AB 
ii) Every point on the locus satisfies the given PAB
condition(s ).
 Locus is the path traced by the conditional point(s).
It is a necessary condition, converse need not be W.E-2 : A(2,2), B(-4,5) are two points. If a point
true. P moves such that the area of  PAB is 12
W.E-1: The number of points in the locus sq.units then the locus of P and also find the
represented by the equation x²+y² = 0 is distance between the parallel lines obtained
Sol : Given equation is x²+y² = 0  x = 0 ; y = 0 by the locus are
There is only one point (0,0) satisfies given condition. Sol: Let P(x,y) be a point on the locus.
 Algebraic relation between x and y obtained by
1
applying the geometrical conditions is called the x(2  5)  2(5  y )  4( y  2)  12
equation of locus. 2
 The locus of a point which is equidistant from two 3 x  6 y  18  24 ; 3( x  2 y  6)  24
fixed points A and B is the perpendicular bisector
squaring on both sides, we have
of the line segment AB.
 The locus of a point which is equidistant from two x 2  4 xy  4 y 2  12 x  24 y  28  0 represents
given points A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) is a straight line pair of lines parallel to AB.
whose equation is 4
2  x1  x2  x  2  y1  y2  y   x12  y12    x22  y22  Distance between the parallel lines =
AB
 The locus of a point which is at a constant distance 4(12) 48 16
from a fixed point is a circle    units
2 2
 The locus of a point which is at a distance ‘r’ units (2  4)  (2  5) 3 5 5
from the given point A(x1, y1) is a circle whose  If A, B,C are three points then the locus of a point
2 2
equation is  x  x1    y  y1   r 2 P such that PA 2  PB 2  K .PC 2 is
 A and B are fixed points. P is the point moves such i) a straight line if K=2
ii) a circle if k  2 and K> 0
PA
that  k is iii) an empty set if k  0
PB
(i) a straight line if k=1 W.E-3: A   2,1 , B   3, 2  , C  1,1 are three
(ii) a circle if k  1 and k>0. points.The locus of P such that
(iii) an empty set if k  0
PA2  PB 2   PC 2 is
 If the join of two fixed points A,B subtends a right
angle at P, then the locus of P is a circle on AB as Sol: Given PA  PB   PC
2 2 2

diameter. 20
 The locus of the third vertex of a right angled triangle  x2  y 2  4x   0 represents an imaginary
3
when the ends of a hypotenuse are given as  x1 , y1  circle.
and  x2 , y2  is a circle whose equation is 8
( g  f  c  
2 2
 0)
3
 x  x1  x  x2    y  y1  y  y2   0 Hence locus of P is an empty set.

PINEGROVE 249
 LOCUS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

 The locus of the point which moves equidistant from

a fixed point and fixed st. line is a parabola. S  ax2  by 2  2hxy  2gx  2 fy  c  0
Y
and   abc  2 fgh  af 2  bg 2  ch 2 is
i) a circle if a=b, h=0, g 2  f 2  ac  0 ,   0
P
M ii) a pair of lines if   0 , h 2  ab, g 2  ac , f 2  bc
X iii) a pair of parallel lines if   0 , h 2  ab , af 2  bg 2
S
iv) a parabola if   0 , h 2  ab .

 A,B are two fixed points and PA + PB = k then v) an ellipse if   0, h 2  ab .

(i)If AB < k, locus of P is an ellipse vi) a hyperbola if   0, h 2  ab
(ii)If AB =k, locus of P is line segment AB
vii) a rectangular hyperbola if   0 , a+b=0 and h2>ab
(iii)If AB >k , locus of P does not exist
 A,B are two fixed points and |PA - PB| = k, then W.E-6: The Curve represented by the equation
(i)If AB <k, locus of P does not exist
x 2  4 xy  4 y 2  12 x  24 y  28  0 is
(ii)If AB =k, locus of P is line through A and B
except line segment AB Sol:   abc  2 fgh  af 2  bg 2  ch 2
(iii)If AB > k, locus of P is a hyperbola = (1)(4)(-28)+2(-12)(-6)(2)-144-4(36)+28(4)=0
 A = (a, b) B=(-a, b) then the locus of ‘P’ such that 2 2
h 2  4  ab ; af  144 ; bg  4(36)  144
PA+PB=K (or) PA  PB  K is
 af 2  bg 2
2
4x2 4  y  b Hence given equation represents pair of Parallel
(i) 2  2  1 , k  2a (ii) y  b if k  2a lines
K k  4a 2
W.E-4: The locus of the point which satisfies C. U. Q.
( x  3)2  y 2  ( x  3) 2  y 2  7 is
1. The locus of all points in a plane that are
Sol: Given that PA + PB = K where A=(3,0) B= (-3,0) equidistant from a given point in the same
and P=(x,y) ; K=7 ; AB = 6 < 7 = K plane is.
 Locus of P is an Ellipse whose equation is 1) a circle
4 x 2 4( y  0) 2 4 x2 4 y2 2) a line parallel to the given lines midway between
 1 ;  1 them
49 49  36 49 13
3) an ellipse 4) a hyperbola
W.E-5: The locus of the point which satisfies 2. If the equation of the locus of a point
( x  4) 2  y 2  ( x  4) 2  y 2  8 is equidistant from the points  a1, b1  and
Sol: Given that PA + PB = K where A=(4,0) B=(-4,0)  a2 , b2 
is  a1  a2  x   b1  b2  y  c  0 then
and P=(x,y) ; K=8 ; AB = 8 = K
Locus of P is a Straight Line whose equation is y=0 the value of c is
 If A=(a, b), B= (a, -b), then locus of ‘P’ such that 1 2
1)
2
 a2  b22  a12  b12 
PA+PB=K or PA  PB  K is
2
2) a12  a22  b12  b22
4 x  a
4y 2
(i) 
 1 , if k  2b 1 2
k  4b 2 2
k2 3)
2
 a1  a22  b12  b22 
(ii) x  a if k  2b
 The curve represented by 4) a12  b12  a22  b22

250 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I LOCUS

3. If the sum of the distances of a point from two x2 y2

perpendicular lines in a plane is a constant, 1) x 2  y 2  a 2 2) 2  2  1
then its locus is a b
1) a square 2) a circle x2 y2
3)  1 4) x 2  y 2  a 2
3) a straight line 4) two intersecting lines a2 b2
4. The locus of a point collinear with two given 11. If the coordinates of a variable point P is
points
1) a straight line passing through the given two points  a cos , b sin   , where  is a variable
2) a parabola quantity, then the locus of P is
3) an ellipse 4) a hyperbola
5. The ends of a rod of length K moves on two x2 y2
2 2
1) x  y  a 2
2) 2  2  1
positive coordinate axes. The locus of the point a b
on the rod, which divides it in the ratio l : m
x2 y2
x 2
y 2
k 2
x 2
y 2
k 2
3) 2  2  1 4) x 2  y 2  a 2

1) m 2 l 2    a b
 l  m  2) l m  l  m 
2 2 2 2
12. The sum of the squares of the distances of a
3) only 1 is true 4) both1 and 2 are true moving point from two fixed points (a,0) and
6. A straight line passing through the point (-a,0) is equal to a constant quantity 2c 2 then
 x1, y1  meets the positive coordinate axis at the equation to its locus is
A,B. The locus of the point P which divides AB 1) x 2  y 2  c 2  a 2 2) x 2  y 2  c 2  a 2
in the ratio l : m is
lx1 my1 mx1 ly1 3) x 2  y 2  c 2  a 2 4) x 2  y 2  c 2  a 2
1)  lm 2)  lm
x y x y SECOND YEAR CONCEPTUAL RELATED
3) only 1 is true 4) both 1 and 2 are true PROBLEMS
7. From a point P perpendiculars PM, PN are
drawn to x and y axes respectively. If MN 13. The locus of a point in a plane equidistant from
passes through fixed point (a,b), then the locus two parallel lines in the same plane is
of P is. 1) Circle
1) xy= ax+by 2) xy=ab 3) xy=bx+ay 4) x+y=xy 2) a line parallel to the given lines midway between
8. A point moves so that the sum of the squares them
of it’s distances from the four sides of a square 3) Ellipse
is constant, then the point always lies on 4) Hyperbola
1) straight line 2) a circle 3) parabola 4) ellipse
9. A line L1 cuts x and y axes at P(a,0) and 14. A  0, ae  B  0, ae  are two points.The
Q(0,b) respectively, another line L2 equation to the locus of p such that
perpendicular to L1 cuts x and y axes at R and PA  PB  2a is
S respectively. The locus of the point of x2 y2 x2 y2
intersection of the lines PS and QR is 1. a 2 1  e 2  a 2  1 2) a 2  a 2 1  e2  1
   
1) x  x  a   y  y  b   0
2) x  x  a   y  y  b   0 x2 y2 x2 y2

3) a 2 a 2 1  e 2  1 4) a 2 a 2 1  e 2  1

3) x  x  a   y  y  b   0
   
4) x  x  a   y  y  b   0 15. A  ae,0  , B  ae,0  are two points. The
10. AB is a variable line sliding between the equation to the locus of P such that
coordinate axes in such a way that A lies on PA  PB  2a is
x-axis and B lies on y-axis.If P is a variable
point on AB such that PA=b,PB=a and AB=a+b,
then the equation of the locus of P is
PINEGROVE 251
 LOCUS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

x2 y2 x2 y2 6. Let A  a, 0  B  0, b  Let P  x1 , y1  divides AB in

1) a 2  a 2 1  e 2  1 2) a 2  a 2 1  e2  1
    the ratio l : m weget locus of P is
lx1 my1
x2 y2 x2 y2   l  m . A  0, b  B  0, a  let P  x, y 

3) a 2 a 2 1  e 2  1  1 x y
  4) a 2 a 2 1  e2  mx1 ly1
be the locus weget locus of P is  l m.
16. A  c , 0  and B   c , 0  are two points. If P is a x y
point such that PA  PB  2a where 0  c  a , 7. Let P  ,   . Equation of a line passing through
then the locus of P.
M,N is  x   y   passing through (a,b)
x2 y2 x2 y2 8. Take four vertices of the square (0,0), (a,0), (a,a),
1) a 2  a 2  c 2  1 2) a 2  c 2  a 2  c 2  1
    (0,a)
x y x y
x2 y2 x2 y 2 9. Let L1    1 . Now L2    1 PS
3) 2   1 4) 2  2  1 a b bk ak
a c2 c a
17. A point P moves such that the sum of the x y x y
equation is   1 , ...(1)   1 ...(2)
squares of its distances from the three vertices a ak bk b
of a triangle ABC is a constant. The locus of eliminate K from (1) and (2)
the point P is a circle whose centre is ______ 10. Let P  h, k  be a variable point on
of  ABC.
1) circumcentre 2) orthocentre AB, OAB   , L,M is projection of P on x and
3) Incentre 4) centroid h k
18. A and B are fixed points. If PA  PB  k and y -axes respectively. Then cos   ,sin  
a b
AB  K then locus of P is eliminate 
1) ellipse 2) hyperbola
3) parabola 4) straight line 11. Let P  x, y  be the locus of a point
C.U.Q - KEY  a cos , b sin   x  a cos  , y  b sin  eliminate  .
1) 1 2) 1 3) 1 4) 1 5) 4 6) 4 7) 3
12. Let P  x, y  be the locus PA2  PB 2  2C 2
8) 2 9) 1 10) 2 11) 2 12) 2 13) 2 14) 1
15) 1 16) 1 17) 4 18) 1  Locus of P is x 2  y 2  c 2  a 2
13. A line parallel to the given lines mid way between
them
C.U.Q - HINTS 14. A  0, ae  B  0, ae  P  x, y  PA  PB  2a locus
1. Circle
x2 y2
2. A  a1,b1  , B  a2,b2  , P  x, y  ; PA = PB of P is a 2 1  e 2  1
  a2
(or) 2( a1  a2 ) x  2(b1  b2 ) y  a12  b12  a22  b22
2 4 x 2 4( y  b) 2
1 15. PA2   2a  PB  (or)  2 1
c  (a22  b22  a12  b12 ) k2 k  4a 2
2 ( k  2a, a  ae, b  0)
3. x  y k
16. If A  a, b  B  a, b  then locus of P such that
4. A straight line passing through the given two points
2
5. Let A  a, 0  B  0, b  Let P  x1 , y1  divides AB in 4  x  a  4 y2
PA  PB  k is 2  2 1
the ratio l : m weget locus of P is k  4b 2 k
x2 y 2 k2 17. A  0,0  B  a,0  C  0, b  ; PA2  PB 2  PC 2  K
 
m 2 l 2  l  m 2 . A  0, b  B  0, a  let P  x, y  3 x 2  3 y 2  2ax  2by  a 2  b 2  k  0
be the locus weget locus of P is a b
Center  ,  =centroid of the triangle ABC
x2 y2 k2  3 3
 
l 2 m2  l  m 2 18. PA  PB  K , K  AB then the locus of P is
ellipse.

252 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I LOCUS

EXERCISE - I (C.W) 1) x2+10xy+25y2-34x-170y=0

2) x2+10xy-25y2-34x-170y=0
1. The locus of the point, for which the sum of
the squares of distances from the coordinate 3) x2-10xy+25y2-34x+170y=0
axes is 25 is 4) x2-10xy-25y2+34x-170y=0
1) x2+y2=25 2) x2+y2=19 11. The locus of a point which is collinear with the
points (3, 4) and (-4, 3) is
3) x2+y2=32 4) x2+y2=29
1) 2x+3y-12=0 2) 2x+3y+12=0
2. The equation of the locus of the point whose
3) 2x+3y+12=0 4) x-7y+25=0
distance from the x-axis is twice that of from
12. A straight line of length 9 units slides with its
the y-axis is
ends A, B always on x and y axes respectively.
1) y2=4x2 2) 4y2 = x2 3) y = 2x 4) x = 2y
Locus of centroid of  OAB is
3. The equation to the locus of a point P for which
1) x2+y2 = 32) x2+y2 = 93) x2+y2=1 4) x2+y2=8
the distance from P to (0, 5) is double the
13. If t is parameter, A = (aSec t, bTan t) and
distance from P to y-axis is
B = (-aTan t, bSec t), O = (0, 0) then the locus
1) 3x2+y2+10y-25=0 2) 3x2-y2+10y+25=0
of the centroid of  OAB is
3) 3x2-y2+10y-25=0 4) 3x2+y2 -10y - 25 = 0
1) 9xy = ab 2) xy = 9ab
4. The locus of a point whose distance from the
x-axis is one-third of its distance from the 1 2
3) x2-9y2 = a2-b2 (a  b 2 )
4)x2-y2=
origin is 9
1) x2 = 8y2 2) y2 = 8x2 3) x2 = 9y2 4) y2 = 9x2 14.The Locus of the point (tan +sin , tan -sin )
5. The locus of the point which is at a distance 5 is
units from x-axis is 2/3 2/3
1)  (x2 y  xy2  1 2) x2-y2 = xy
1) y2+25=0 2) y2-25=0 3) y+25=0 4)y-25=0
6. If the distance from P to the points 3) x2-y2= 12xy 4) (x2-y2)2 = 16xy
(5, -4), (7, 6) are in the ratio 2 : 3, then the 15. The sum of the distances of a point P from two
locus of P is perpendicular lines in a plane is 1. Then locus
of P is (EAMCET 2008)
1) 5x2 + 5y2 - 12x - 86y + 17 = 0 1) Square 2) Circle
2) 5x2 + 5y2 - 34x + 120y + 29 = 0 3) Straight line 4) Pair of Straight lines
3) 5x2 + 5y2 - 5x + y + 14 = 0 16. The locus of point of intersection of the lines
4) 3x2 + 3y2 - 20x + 38y + 87 = 0 y  mx  a2m2  b2 and my-x = a 2  b 2 m 2 is
7. The equation of the locus of the points
equidistant from the points A(-2,3) & B(6,-5) 1 1
1) x2+y2 = 2  2 2) x2+y2 = a2+b2
is a b
1) x+y=3 2) x-y=3 3) 2x+y=3 4)2x-y=3 1 1 2 2
3) x2 - y2 = a2 - b2 4) x 2  y 2  a  b
8. If A(a,0), B(-a,0) then the locus of the point P
such that PA2+PB2=2c2 is 17. The coordinates of the points A and B are (a,0)
and (-a,0) respectively.If a point P moves so
1) x2+y2+a2-c2=0 2) x2+y2+a2+c2=0
that PA2  PB 2  2k 2 ,where K is constant,
3) 2x2+y2+3a2-c2=0 4) x2+y2+a2+2c2=0
then the equation to the locus of the point P.
9. The ends of hypotenuse of a right angled
triangle are (a, 0), (-a, 0) then the locus of third 1) 2ax  k 2  0 2) 2ax  k 2  0
vertex is 3) ax  2 k 2  0 4) ax  2 k 2  0
1) x2-y2=a2 2) x2+y2=a2 2 2
3) x2+y2+a2=0 4) x2-y2+a2=0 18. Equation  x  2  y2   x  2  y2  4
represents
10. A(2,3), B(-3,4) are two points. If a point P 1) a circle 2) a line segment
moves such that the area of  PAB is 8.5 3) a parabola 4) an ellipse
sq.units then the locus of P is

PINEGROVE 253
 LOCUS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

19. A point moves in the XY-plane such that the 2 2

sum of it’s distances from two mutually 8.  x  a   y 2   x  a   y 2  2c 2
perpendicular lines is always equal to 5 units. 9. A   a,0  B   a, 0  P(x,y)
The area enclosed by the locus of the point is
(EAM-2012) AP 2  BP 2  AB 2
25 (or) ( x  x1 )( x  x2 )  ( y  y1 )( y  y2 )  0
1) 2) 25 3) 50 4) 100 10. Use Area of the triangle formula
4
SECOND YEAR CONCEPTUAL RELATED 11. Equation of the line through given points is
PROBLEMS y y
y  y1  2 1 ( x  x1 )
20. If P=(0,1),Q=(0,-1) and R = (0,2) then the locus x2  x1
of the point S such that SQ 2+SR2=2SP2 is a
a b
1) straight line parallel to x-axis 12. P  x, y    ,  ; where a 2  b 2  81
2) circle with centre (0,0)  3 3
3) circle through (0,0)  a sec t  a tan t b tan t  b sec t 
4) straight line parallel to y-axis 13.  x, y    ,  Eliminate t
 3 3 
21. The curve represented by x=2(cost+sint) and
14. Eliminate  15. x  y  1
y = 5(cos t - Sin t ) is
1) a circle 2) a parabola 16. Squaring and adding the equations
2 2 2
3) an ellipse 4) a hyperbola 17.  x  a    y  0   x  a   y 2  2k 2
22. Locus represented by x =a (cosh  +sinh  ),
18. Since:  x  2 2  y 2   x  2 2  y 2  4  1
y = b (cosh  -sinh  ) is
1) a hyperbola 2) a parabola Assuming  x  2 2
 y2   y  2 2
 y2 
3) an ellipse 4) a straight line
 8 x   2 
23. A and B are fixed points. If PA-PB is a
Dividing (2) by (1), we have
constant, locus of P is
2 2
1) Parabola 2) Ellipse 3) Hyperbola 4) Circle  y 2   x  2   y 2  2 x   3
 x  2
EXERCISE-I (C.W)-KEY Adding (1) and (3), we have
2
1) 1 2) 1 3) 3 4) 1 5) 2 6) 2 7) 2 2  x  2  y2  4  2x
8) 1 9) 2 10) 1 11) 4 12) 2 13) 1 14) 4
15) 1 16) 2 17)1 18) 2 19) 3 20) 1 21) 3  ( x  2)2  y 2  (2  x) 2  y 2  0
22) 1 23) 3 2c 2 2
19. x  y  5 ; Area  ab  2(5)  50
EXERCISE-I (C.W)-HINTS
1. The perpendicular distance from P  x1 , y1  to 2 2
20. x 2   y  1  x 2   y  2   2  x 2   y  1 
2

x-axis is y1 and Y-axis is x1 x y

21.  cos t  sin t ,  cos t  sin t
2. y 2 x 3. A  0,5  ; PA  2 X 2 5
x y
4. 3 y  x2  y2 5. Y  5 22.  cosh   sinh  ,  cosh   sinh 
a b
6. A  5, 4  , B  7, 6  ; 3PA  2 PB 23. From Synopsis - 13
7. PA2  PB 2
(or)
2( x1  x2 ) x  2( y1  y2 ) y  x12  y12  x22  y22

254 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I LOCUS

EXERCISE - I (H.W) moves such that the area of  PAB is 2 sq.units,

then the locus of P is
1. The locus of the point, for which the sum of 1) 4x2+4xy-y2 = 16 2) 4x2-4xy+y2 = 16
the distances from the coordinate axes is 9 is 2
3) x +4xy+y = 16 2
4) x2-4xy-4y2 = 16
1) x  y  9 2) x  y  3 11. The locus of a point which is collinear with the
points (1, 2) and (-2, 1) is
3) x  y  0 4) x  y  27 1) x+3y+5=0 2) x+3y-5=0
2. The equation of the locus of the point whose 3) x-3y-5=0 4) x-3y+5 = 0
distance from the x-axis is thrice that of from 12. A straight line of length 3 units slides with its
the y-axis is ends A, B always on x and y axes respectively.
1) y2=4x2 2) y2 = 9x2 3) y = 2x 4) x = 2y Locus of centroid of  OAB is
3. The equation to the locus of a point P for which 1) x2+y2 = 3 2) x2+y2 = 9
the distance from P to (6, 5) is triple the 2
3) x +y =1 2
4) x2+y2=8
distance from P to x-axis is
13. If  is parameter, A   acos , a sin   and
1) x2 + 8y2 - 12x-10y + 51 = 0
2) x2 + 8y2 + 12x-10y + 51 = 0 B   b sin  , b cos   C  1, 0  then the locus
3) x2 - 8y2 - 12x-10y + 61 = 0
of the centroid of ABC is (EAM-2014)
4) 3x2 + y2 - 10y - 25 = 0
2
4. The locus of a point whose distance from the 1)  3 x  1  9 y 2  a 2  b 2
x-axis is one-fourth of its distance from the 2
origin is 2)  3 x  1  9 y 2  a 2  b 2
1) x2 = 8y2 2) y2 = 8x2 3) x2 = 15y2 4) y2 = 9x2 2
5. The locus of the point which is at a distance 6 3)  3 x  1  9 y 2  a 2  b2
units from y-axis is 2
4)  3 x  1  9 y 2  a 2  b 2
1) x2-25=0 2) x2-36=0
3) y+36=0 4) y2-36=0 a
14. The Locus of the point (a + bt, b - ) is
6. If the distance from P to the points t
(1, 2), (0, -1) are in the ratio 2 : 1, then the 1) (x-a)(y-b)+ab=0 2) (x-a)(y-b) = 0
locus of P is 3) (x-a)(y-b) = ab 4) (x-a)(y+b) = ab
2 2
1) 3x - 3y + 2x + 12y - 1 = 0 15. The locus of point of intersection of the lines
2 2
2) 3x + 3y + 2x + 12y - 1 = 0 y  mx  4  m 2 and my-x = 1  4m 2 is
2 2
3) 3x - 3y - 2x + 12y - 1 = 0 1) x2+y2 = 5 2) x2+y2 = 4
4) 3x2 + 3y2 - 20x + 38y + 87 = 0 2 2
3) x +y = 25 4) x2+y2 = 16
7. The equation of the locus of the points 16. The coordinates of the points A and B are
equidistant from the points A(-a,0) and (-2,3) and (4, -5) respectively.If a point P moves
B(a, 0) is so that PA2  PB 2  20 , then the equation to
1) y = 0 2) x = 0 3) y = a 4) x = a the locus of the point P is
8. If A(3,0), B(-3,0) then the locus of the point P 1) 3x+4y+12=0 2) 3x+4y-12=0
2 2
such that PA +PB =18 is 3) 3x-4y-12=0 4) 3x-4y+12=0
1) x2+y2 = 0 2) x2+y2 = 8 SECOND YEAR CONCEPTUAL RELATED
3) x2+y2 = 9 4) 2x2+y2 = 3 PROBLEMS
9. The ends of hypotenuse of a right angled
triangle are (5, 0), (-5, 0) then the locus of third 17. If A = (1,0), B= (-1,0) and C = 2(2,0) then 2
the
2
vertex is locus of the point P such that PA + PB = 2PC
is a
1) x2-y2 = 25 2) x2+y2=25
1) straight line parallel to y-axis
3) x2+y2=5 4) x2-y2=5 2) circle with centre (0,0)
3) circle through (0,0)
4) straight line parallel to x-axis
10. A(0,0), B(1,2) are two points. If a point P

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 LOCUS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

c 11. A = (1,2) , B = (-2,1)

18. The curve represented by x=ct and y = is y2  y1
t
Equation of AB is y  y1  x  x ( x  x1 )
1) a circle 2) a parabola 2 1
3) an ellipse 4) a hyperbola
a b
19.Locus represented by x=a+bsec  , y=b+aTan  12. P ( x, y )   ,  ; a 2  b 2  9
is  3 3
1) a hyperbola 2) a parabola  a cos   b sin   1 , a sin   b cos  
3) an ellipse 4) a straight line 13. G ( x , y )   
 3 3 
20. A and B are fixed points. If PA+PB is a
constant, then locus of P is a  a
14. x  a  bt ; y  b  ;  x  a  y  b    bt    
1) a Parabola 2) an Ellipse t  t
3) a Hyperbola 4) a Circle
15. y  mx  4  m 2 ..................(1)
21. The equation
x 2 y 2  2 xy 2  3 y 2  4 x 2 y  8 xy  12 y  0 y  mx  1  4m 2 .................(2)
represents (1) 2  (2) 2
1) Two Pairs of lines 2) a Parabola
3) an Ellipse 4) hyperbola x2  y2  5

22. Equation ( x  5) 2  y 2  ( x  5) 2  y 2  20 16. ( x  2) 2  ( y  3) 2   ( x  4) 2  ( y  5) 2   20

represents 17. ( x  1) 2  y 2  ( x  1) 2  y 2  2 ( x  2) 2  y 2 
1) a circle 2) a pair of lines
3) a parabola 4) an ellipse c
18. xy  ct.
t
EXERCISE-I (H.W)-KEY
xy  c 2 is a rectangular hyperbola
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 3 5) 2 6) 2 7) 2
19. x  a  b sec  ; y  b  a tan 
8) 1 9) 2 10) 2 11) 4 12) 3 13) 3 14) 1
15) 1 16) 3 17) 1 18) 4 19) 1 20) 2 21) 1 22) 4 xa y b
 sec  ;  tan 
b a
EXERCISE-I (H.W)-HINTS
sec 2   tan 2   1
1. Perpendicular distance from P(x,y) to x-axis is y 20. PA + PB = K from synopsis
and y -axis is x .  x  y 9 21. y 2  x 2  2 x  3  4 y  x 2  2 x  3  0

2. y 3 x y 2
 4y x2  2x  3  0

3. PA  2 y where A=(6,5) y  0, y  4, x  1  0, x  3  0
22. PA + PB = 20, A = (5,0) ; B = (-5,0)
1 1 2 AB = 10 < 20. Locus is an Ellipse.
4. P(x,y); O(0,0); y  OP ; y  x  y2
4 4
5. x 6 EXERCISE - II (C.W)
6. PA = 2 PB where A=(1,2) ; B= (0,-1) 1. A(0,4), B(0,-4) are two points. The locus of P
7. Perpendicular bisector of AB is y-axis which moves such that |PA-PB| =6 is
8. ( x  3) 2  y 2  ( x  3) 2  y 2  18 1) 9x2-7y2+63=0 2)9x2+7y2-63=0
9. A = (5,0) , B = (-5,0); PA2  PB 2  AB 2 (or) 3) 9x2+7y2+63=0 4) 9x2-7y2 - 63 = 0
2. A = (1, -1), locus of B is x2+y2=16. If P divides
( x  x1 )( x  x2 )  ( y  y1 )( y  y2 )  0
AB in the ratio 3:2 then locus of P is
10. A=(0,0) , B = (1,2) ; P = (x,y) 1) (x-2)2 + (y-3)2 = 4 2) (x+1)2 + (y-2)2 = 4
1 3) (x-3) + (y-2) = 4 4) (5x-2)2 + (5y+2)2 = 144
2 2
Area of PAB  x1 y2  x2 y1  2
2

256 PINEGROVE
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3. A line segment AB of length ‘a’ moves with its

1) q  x  a   p  y  b 
ends on the axes. The locus of the point P
which divides the segment in the ratio 1 : 2 is 2) b  x  p   a  y  q 
1) 9x2+4y2 = a2 2) 9(x2+4y2)=4a2
3) p  x  a   q  y  b 
3) 9(x2+4y2)=8a2 4) 9x2+9y2=4a2
4. If the roots of the equation 4) p  y  a   q  x  b 
2 2 2 2 2
( x1  a ) m  2 x1 y1m  y1  b  0 are the 11. Given P   a,0  and Q   a, 0  and R is a
slopes of two perpendicular lines intersecting variable point on one side of the line PQ such
at P( x1 , y1 ) , then the locus of P is that RPQ  RQP  2 . The locus of the
1) x2+y2 = a2+b2 2) x2+y2 = a2-b2 point R is
2 2 2 2
3) x -y = a +b 4) x2-y2 = a2-b2 1) x 2  y 2  2 xy cot 2  a 2
5. The locus of point such that the sum of it’s
2) x 2  y 2  2 xy tan 2  a 2
distances from the points  0, 2  0, 2  is 6, is
3) x 2  y 2  2 xy tan 2  a 2
(EAMCET 2011)
2 2 4) x 2  y 2  2 xy cot 2  a 2
1) 9 x  5 y  45 2) 5 x 2  9 y 2  45
SECOND YEAR CONCEPTUAL RELATED
3) 9 x 2  5 y 2  45 4) 5 x 2  9 y 2  45
PROBLEMS
6. The locus of foot of the perpendicular drawn
from a fixed point (a, b) to the variable line 12. A variable circle passes through the fixed point
y=mx, m being variable is (2,0) and touches y-axis. Then locus of centre
1) x2+y2-ax+by=0 2) x+y-(a+b)=0 of circle
3) x2+y2-ax-by=0 4) xy-bx-ay+ab=0 1) a parabola 2) a circle
7. Vertices of a variable triangle are (3,4), 3) an ellipse 4) a hyperbola
 5cos ,5sin   and  5sin  , 5cos  , where 3 2
13. The equation x  x y  x  y  0 represents
  R . Locus of it’s orthocentre is 1) a straightline
1) x 2  y 2  6 x  8 y  25  0 2) a parabola and two lines
3) a hyperbola and two lines
2) x 2  y 2  6 x  8 y  25  0
4)a line and a circle
3) x 2  y 2  6 x  8 y  25  0 14. The graph represented by x=sin2t, y = 2cost is
4) x 2  y 2  6 x  8 y  25  0 1) a parabola 2) a portion of parabola
8. A=(2,5),B=(4,-11) and the locus of ‘C’ is 3) a part of sine graph 4)a part of Hyperbola
9x+7y+4=0 then the locus of the centroid of EXERCISE-II (C.W)-KEY
 ABC is
1) 27x+21y-8=0 2) 3x+4y-2=0 1)1 2)4 3)2 4)2 5)3 6)3 7)4
3) 24x+22y-6=0 4) 5x+3y-7=0 8)1 9)1 10) 1 11) 4 12)1 13)1 14)2
9. The base of a triangle lies along x=a and is of
length a. The area of triangle is a2. The locus EXERCISE-II (C.W)-HINTS
of vertex is
1) (x+a)(x-3a) = 0 2) (x-a)(x+3a)=0 4( x  a) 2 4 y 2
1. PA  PB  6 (or)  2 1
3) (x+a)(x+3a) = 0 4) (x+2a)(x-a)=0 k 2  4b 2 k
10. If a, x1 , x2 , x3 .... and b, y1 , y2 ,..... form two where k = 6, a = 0, b= 4
infinite A.P’s with common difference p and q
2. A 1, 1 , B  ,   , P  x, y 
respectively then the locus of P  h, k  when
3  2 3  2 
x  x  x .......  xn
h 1 2 3 ,k 
y1  y2  .....  yn  x, y    , 
n n  5 5 
is Find  ,  sub in x 2  y 2  16

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 LOCUS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

3. A  p,0  B  0, q  Use section formula Y

R (x, y)
y12  b 2
4. m1m2  1 ; x 2  a 2  1
1
y
5. A=(2, 0), B=(-2, 0), AB=4, K=6, AB<K
2 + 
2 2 2
 X
4 x  a 4 y 2
4x 4 y O x S
 2  1;  1 Q (-a, 0) P (a, 0)
k 2  4b 2 k 20 36
y 12. The locus of the point which moves equidistant from
6. Let P   a, b  , Q   x, y   y  mx  m  a fixed point and fixed stright line is parabola
x
 PQ  L  slope of PQ  m  1
13. x 2
 1  x  y   0

7. Circum centre (S) y2

14. x  1   y 2  4  x  1
O=3G-2S where O is orthocentre 4
O  x, y    3  5cos  5sin  ,4  5sin   5cos  0  x 1
where
2  y  2
 6   6   
8. Let C  ,   ;  x, y    , 
 3 3  EXERCISE - II (H.W.)
 ,     3x  6,3 y  6  sub in 9 x  7 y  4  0 1. A(4,0), B(-4,0) are two points. The locus of P
which moves such that |PA-PB| =6 is
9. Consider A  a, 0  , B  a, a  two points on a 1) 9x2-7y2+63=0 2)9x2+7y2-63=0
line x  a and P  x, y  . 3) 9x2+7y2+63=0 4) 7x2-9y2 - 63 = 0
2. A = (2,-1) locus of B is x2+y2=25. If P divides
1 2 AB in the ratio 1:2 then locus of P is
Area of the triangle = a 2 (or) a x  a  a
2 1) (3 x  4)2  (3 y  2) 2  25
x  a  2a ; x  a  2a ; ( x  a )( x  3a )  0 2) (3x+1)2 + (3y-2)2 = 25
10. x1  a  x2  x1  ____  p 3) (x-3)2 + (y-2)2 = 4
4) (5x-2)2 + (5y+2)2 = 25
x1  a  p ; x2  a  2 p 3. A line segment AB of length ‘2’ moves with
. its ends on the axes. The locus of the point P
. which divides the segment in the ratio 1 : 1 is
. 1) 9x2+4y2 = 1 2) x2+y2 = 1
 xi n  1 p 2 2
3) x +4y = 8 4) 9x2+9y2 = 4
xn  a  np ; n
 a 
2
;
4. If the roots of the equation
 n  1 p xa n1
xa ; p  2 ( x12  16) m 2  2 x1 y1m  y12  9  0are the
2
slopes of two perpendicular lines intersecting
yb n1 xa yb
Similarly  
q 2 ; p q at P( x1 , y1 ) then the locus of P is
1) x2+y2 = 25 2) x2+y2 = 7
q  x  a  p  y  b 2 2
3) x -y = 25 4) x2-y2 = 7
11. Let RQP    RPQ  2   . 5. The locus of foot of the perpendicular drawn
y y from a fixed point (2, 3) to the variable line
Then, tan      tan 1 y = mx, m being variable is
xa xa
1) x2+y2-2x+3y=0 2) x+y-5=0
y 1  y  2 2
3) x +y -2x-3y=0 4) xy-3x-2y+6=0
tan  2     . 2    tan  .
ax ax 6. Vertices of a variable triangle are (5,12),
(13cos  ,13sin  ) and (13sin  , 13cos  ) ,

258 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I LOCUS

where   R . Locus of it’s orthocentre is : 3)a hyparabola and two lines

4)a line and a circle
1) x 2  y 2  6 x  8 y  25  0 14. The graph represented by
2) x 2  y 2  10 x  24 y  169  0 x = sint, y = cos2t is
1) a parabola 2) a portion of parabola
3) x 2  y 2  10 x  24 y  169  0 3) a part of sine graph 4)a part of Hyperbola
4) x 2  y 2  10 x  24 y  169  0 EXERCISE-II (H.W)-KEY
7. A = (1, 2), B = (3, 4) and the locus of ‘C’ is 1) 4 2) 1 3) 2 4)2 5) 3 6) 2 7) 3
2x + 3y = 5 then the locus of the centroid of 8) 1 9) 1 10) 4 11) 4 12) 1 13) 1 14) 2
 ABC is
1) 27x+21y-8=0 2) 3x+4y-2=0 EXERCISE-II (H.W)-HINTS
3) 6x+9y = 26 4) 6x-9y = 26 4 x 2 4( y  b) 2
1.  2  1 where k = 6, a = 4, b= 0
8. The base of a triangle lies along x=1 and is of a2 k  4a 2
length 1. The area of triangle is 1. The locus 2. A(2,1) , P(x,y) ; B ( ,  ) lies on x 2  y 2  25
of vertex is
 2   2  25 ...............(1)
1) (x+1)(x-3) = 0 2) (x-1)(x+3)=0
3) (x+1)(x+3) = 0 4) (x+2)(x-1)=0   4   2 
P(x,y) =  , 
9. If a, x1 , x2 , x3 .... and b, y1 , y2 ,..... form two  3 3 
infinite G.P’s with same common ratio ‘r’ then   3 x  4,   3 y  2 substitute in (1)
3. A(  ,0) , B(0,  )  P is midpoint of AB.
the locus of P  h, k  when h  n x1 x2 x3 ......xn
  
 P(x,y) =  2 , 2   = 2x ;  = 2y
and k  n y1 y2 y3............... yn is  
1) bx-ay = 0 2) bx+ay = 0 substitute in  2   2  4
Y
3) ax+by = 0 4) ax-by = 0
10. Given P = (1,0) and Q = (-1,0) and R is a
variable point on one side of the line PQ such
B(0,)

that RPQ  RQP  . The locus of the P(x,y)
4
point R is X
O A(,0)
1) x 2  y 2  2 xy  1 2) x 2  y 2  2 xy  1
3) x 2  y 2  2 xy  1 4) x 2  y 2  2 xy  1 (P; A, B = 1:1)
y12  9
SECOND YEAR CONCEPTUAL RELATED 4. m1m2  1 ;  1
x12  16
PROBLEMS 5. Let P= (2,3), Q= (x,y) PQ  L
11.The equation ( x  4) 2  y 2  ( x  4) 2  y 2  6  y  3  y 
 Slope of PQ  m=-1;  x  2  x   1
  
represents 6. Circum Centre (S) = (0,0)
1) a circle 2) an ellipse Orthocentre ; O (x,y) = 3G - 2S
3) a line segment 4) an empty set = (5+13cos  +13sin  ; 12+13sin  -13cos  )
12. A variable circle passes through the fixed point 2

( x  5)  ( y  12)  169  (cos   sin  )  (sin   cos  ) 

2 2 2

(0,5) and touches x-axis. Then locus of centre  

of circle 7. c ( ,  ) lies on 2x+3y = 5
1) a parabola 2) a circle 2  3  5 ................. (1)
3) an ellipse 4) a hyperbola 1 3   2  4   
3 2
G ( x, y )   , 
13. The equation x  x y  x  y  0 represents  3 3 
1)a straightline   3 x  4 ;   3 y  6 substitute in (1)
2)a parabola and two lines
PINEGROVE 259
 LOCUS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

8. PC = x  1 ; AB=1 14. x = sint ; y  cos 2 t ; 1  x  1; 0  y 1

1 x
2
 y  sin 2 t  cos 2 t  1
Area of PAB  x  1 (1)  1
2 x
2
 ( y  1) represents portion of a parabola
x-1 =  2 ; (x-3) (x +1) = 0
Y

(0, 1)
B(1,1)

x-1
C P(x,y) (-1, 0) O (1, 0)
.
X
O
A(1,0)
EXERCISE-III
9. x1  ar y1  br 1. The line joining  5,0  to 10cos ,10sin   is
x2  ar 2 y2  br 2 divided internally in the ratio 2:3 at P, then
the locus of P is
 
1) x 2  2 xy  y 2  6 x  0 2) x  y  3  0
xn  ar n 1 yn  br n 1 2
n 1 3)  x  3  y 2  16 4) x 2  y  3
h  n x1 x2 .........xn  a.r 2 2. The algebraic sum of the perpendicular
distances from the points A (-2,0), B(0,2) and
n 1 h a
similarly k  b.r 2 ;   bh  ak C(1,1) to a variable line be zero, then all such
k b lines
Locus is bx-ay = 0 1) are parallel
Y 2) passes through a fixed point(0,0)
R (x, y) 3) form a square
4) passes through the centroid of  ABC.
3. The variable line drawn through the point (1,3)
y meets the x-axis at A and y-axis at B. If the
10. rectangle OAPB is completed. Where “O” is
45+  the origin, then locus of “P” is
 X
O x S 1 3
Q (-1, 0) P (1, 0) 1)   1 2) x  3 y  1
y x
y   y 1 3
tan   ;   
tan 
1 x 4  1 x 3)   1 4) 3 x  y  1
x y
y 4. A and B are the fixed points, the vertex C of
1
1  tan  y 1 x  y triangle ABC moves such that
 y 1 x cot A  cot B  constant. The possible locus of
1  tan  1  x 1 C is a straightline which is
1 x
11. PA+PB = 6 ; A(4,0) ; B(-4,0) , K = 6 1) perpendicular to AB 2) parallel to AB
AB = 8 > 6 = K ; AB > K (Empty set) 3) inclined at an angles A-B to AB
12. Let center be C(h,k); r=k (Circle touches x- axis) 4) parallel to x-axis
(h  0)2  (k  5) 2  k 2 ; h 2  10k  25 5. P and Q are two variable points on the axes of
x and y respectively such that
Locus is x 2  10 y  25 which represents a parabola. |OP| + |OQ|=a, then the locus of foot of
13. x 2 ( x  y )  1( x  y )  0 ; ( x 2  1)( x  y )  0 perpendicular from origin on PQ is
1) (x - y) (x2 + y2) = axy
x 2  1  0 is not possible for all x  R
2) (x + y) (x2 + y2) = axy
 x  y  0 which represents a straight line. 3) (x + y) (x2 + y2) = a (x - y)
4) (x + y) (x2 - y2) = axy

260 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I LOCUS

6. If the first point of trisection of AB is 13. Let a and b non zero real numbers. Then the
 t, 2t  and the ends A,B moves on x and y axis equation  ax2  by2  c x2  5xy  6 y2   0
respectively, then locus of mid point of AB is represents (IIT-08)
1) x  y 2) 2x  y 3) 4x  y 4) x  4 y 1) four straight lines, when c=0 and a,b are of the
7. The straight line passing through the point same sign
(8,4) and cuts y-axis at B and x-axis at A.The 2) two straight lines and a circle, when a=b and c
locus of mid point of AB is is of the sign opposite to that of a
1) xy  2 x  4 y  64 2) xy  2 x  4 y  0 3) a circle and an ellipse, when a and b are of the
same sign and c is of the sign opposite to that of a
3) xy  4 x  2 y  8  0 4) xy  4 x  2 y  72 4) two straight lines and a circle,when a and b are
8. Sum of the distance of a point from two of the same sign and c is of the sign opposite to that
perpendicular lines is 3 the area enclosed by of a
the locus of the point is
1) 18 2) 16 3) 4 4) 15 14. The vertices of a triangle are 1, 3 ,  
9. Locus of point of intersection of the lines  2 cos  , 2sin   and  2sin  , 2cos   w h e r e
x sin   y cos   0 and
  R . The locus of orthocentre ofthe triangle
ax sec   by cos ec  a 2  b 2 is
1) x 2  y 2  a 2 2) x 2  y 2  b 2 2

2
2

1)  x  1  y  3  4
3) x 2  y 2  a 2  b 2 4) x 2  y 2   a  b  2
2)  x  2    y  3  4
2

10. If A 1,1 , B  2,3 , C  1,1 are the points of

P is a point such that the area of the 2
3)  x  1   y  3  8
2
quadrilateral PABC is 3 sq units then locus
of P is 2
4)  x  2    y  3  8
2
1) y 2  6 y  0 2) y 2  6 y  0
3) x 2  6 y  0 4) x 2  6 y  0 15. The equations of perpendicular bisectors of two
11. A point moves such that the sum of the sides AB and AC of a triangle ABC are
squares of its distance from the sides of a x  y  1  0 and x  y  1  0 respectively. If
square of side unity is equal to 9, the locus of circumradius of ABC is 2 units, then the
such point is
locus of vertex A is
2 2 7
1) x  y  x  y   0 1) x 2  y 2  2 x  3  0 2) x 2  y 2  2 x  3  0
2
2 2
2) x  y  2 x  2 y  7  0 3) x 2  y 2  2 x  3  0 4) x 2  y 2  2 x  3  0

2 2 5 SECOND YEAR CONCEPTUAL RELATED

3) x  y  x  y   0
2 PROBLEMS :
2 2
4) x  y  2 x  2 y  5  0 16. The equation 16x2+y2+8xy-74x-78y+212 = 0
12. Variable straight lines L1 : y  2 x  c1 and represents
L2 : y  2 x  c2 meet the x-axis in A1 and A2 1) a circle 2) a parabola
3) an ellipse 4) a hyperbola
respectively and y-axis in B1 and B2 17. The Curve represented by the equation
respectively locus of intersection point of
2 x 2  xy  6 y 2  2 x  17 y  12  0 is
A1 B2 and A2 B1 is
1) a parabola 2) An ellipse
1) y  x  0 2) y  x 3) y  2 x  0 4) y  2 x 3) A hyperbola 4) Pair of lines

PINEGROVE 261
 LOCUS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

18. The Curve represented by the equation Y

12 x 2  25 xy  12 y 2  10 x  11 y  2  0 is
1) a parabola 2) An ellipse Q

3) A hyperbola 4) Pair of lines R

19. The Curve represented by the equation
5.
2 x 2  4 xy  2 y 2  3 x  3 y  1  0 is P
X
1) A rectangular hyperbola 2) A parabola O
3) An ellipse 4) Pair of lines
20. If the distance of any point P(x,y) from the point Let P  , 0  Q  0,   , Equation of the circle
Q ( x1 , y1 ) is given by d(P,Q)=max. passing through O,P,R is x 2  y 2   x  0
xx 1 , y  y1  . If Q is fixed point (1,2), and x2  y2 x2  y2
 ; / / ly   ;    a
d(P,Q)=3, then the locus of P is x y
1) a circle 2) a stright line 6. Let P  h, k  locus of mid point A  a, 0  B  0, b 
3) a square 4) a triangle
2a b 
EXERCISE - III - KEY  t , 2t    , eliminate t we get 4h  k
 3 3 
1)3 2)4 3)3 4)2 5)2 6)3 7)2
x y
8)1 9)4 10)2 11)1 12)3 13)2 14) 3 7. Let Equation of AB   1 ...(1)
15) 1 16)2 17) 2 18) 3 19) 1 20) 3 a b
Let P  h, k  locus of mid point of AB
EXERCISE - III - HINTS a  2h, b  2k substitue in (1) we get
 15  20cos  20sin   xy  2 x  4 y  0
1.  ,    x, y  ;Eliminate ‘ ’
 5 5  8. Let P  x, y  be the locus x  y  3  area =
2. Algebraic sum of the perpendicular distances from
three non collinear points is zero, then the line 18 sq.units
passing through centroid of the triangle formed by 9. Eliminate 
these points. 10. Let P  x1 y  be the locus of the point
x y
3. Let the line be   1 1 x  2 11
a b 3
1 3 2 y  3 1 1
If passes through (1,3),    1
a b 11. Let  h, k  be the locus
A  a,0  , B  0, b  .  P   a, b 
2 2
1 3 h 2  1  h   k 2  1  k   9
 locus of P is x  y  1 . 2x y
C 12. Equation A 1 B2 in c  c  1 equation A2 B2 in
1 2

2 x y
  1 elimiate c and c from the above
c2 c1 1 2
4.
equations.
A D B 13. x 2  5 xy  6 y 2  0 representes two straightlines if
AD DB c
cot A  , cot B  , cotA+cotB = constant 2 2 2 2
c<0, a=b then ax  by  c  0  x  y  ;
CD CD a
AD DB AB c
  constant ;  constant where a
0
CD CD CD
CD = constant ( AB is constant)  1  2 cos   2 sin  3  2sin   2 cos  
14.  , 
 3 3 
262 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I LOCUS

 3  3  9 9
C(0,0) G H(x,y) = (2)(-2)(1)+2     2  2    2    4
x 1  2 cos   2sin   2  2  4 4
 = -4+9-4 = 1  0.
3 3
 x  1  2 cos   2sin  h 2  4 ; ab= -4 ; a+b = 0
y 3  2sin   2 cos  h 2  ab
 Hence given equation represents rectangular
3 3 hyperbola.
 y  3  2 sin   2 cos  20. Locus of P consist of lines x  1  3, y  2  3
2
 x  1
2

 y 3  8
15. Clearly, point of intersection of lines x  y  1  0
and x  y  1  0 is  1, 0  which is circumcentre *****
of triangle ABC. Let A  h, k  be any point on
2
required locus. So,  h  1  k 2  4 .
A (h, k)

(-1, 0)
B C

2
Hence, locus of  h, k  is  x  1  y 2  4
 x2  y 2  2x  3  0
16. abc  2 fgh  af 2  bg 2  ch 2  0 and h 2  ab
17.   abc  2 fgh  af 2  bg 2  ch 2
 17   1 
=(2)(6)(-12)+2   (-1)   -2
 2  2
 289  1
  -6(1)+12    0.
 4  4
1
h 2  ; ab = 2(6) = 12 ; h 2  ab
4
Hence given equaion represents an Ellipse.
18.   abc  2 fgh  af 2  bg 2  ch 2
 11   25   121 
=(12)(12)(2)+2   (5)   -12   -12(25)-
2  2   4 
 625 
2   1375  0
 4 
625
h2   144; ab  144;  h 2  ab
4
Hence given equation represents a Hyperbola.
19.   abc  2 fgh  af 2  bg 2  ch 2

PINEGROVE 263
 TRANSFORMATION OF AXES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

TRANSFORMATION OF AXES
SYNOPSIS W.E-1: When the axes are translated to the point
(-2,3) then the transformed equation of the
 Change of axes or transformation of axes is of three curve 2x2  4xy  5y 2  4x  22y  7  0 is
types : i) Translation of axes
ii) Rotation of axes iii)General Transformation Sol : a  2, h  2, b  5, g  2, f  11, c  7
Translation of axes:  hf  bg gh  af 
 i) Shifting the origin to some other point without  ,    2, 3  =  x1 , y1 
 ab  h 2 ab  h 2 
changing the direction of axes.
ii) When the origin is translated to (h,k), then the Transformed eq. is aX2+2hXY+bY2+(gx1+fy1+c)=0
equations of transformation are x = X+h, y =Y+k  2X 2  4XY  5Y2  2  2   11  3   7  0
where (x, y) are the original coordinates and
(X, Y) are the new coordinates of the point.  2X2  4XY  5Y2  22  0
Rotation of axes: v) To remove the first degree terms from the equation
 i) Rotating the system of coordinate axes through ax2 + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0, the origin is to be
an angle ‘  ’ without changing the position of the g  f 
origin. shifted to the point  ,  . In this case, the
ii) When the axes are rotated through an angle ‘ ’  a b 
transformed equation is
in anticlockwise direction. Then the equations of
transformation are given by   g2  f 2 
aX + bY + 
2 2   c  0

X Y  a b 
W.E-2: When the axes are translated to the point
x Cos  –Sin  (-1,1) then the transformed equation of the
curve x 2  2y 2  2x  4y  2  0 is
y Sin  Cos 
Sol: a  1, b  2, g  1, f  2 , c=2
Set-1 x = X cos  - Y sin  , y = Xsin  + Ycos   g  f 
Set-2 X = xcos  + ysin  , Y = -x sin  + ycos  new origin =  a , b    1,1 
 
 Transformation is used in reducing the general
equation of any curve to the desired form. For   g2  f 2 
2 
Transformed eq. is aX +bY +  a 2   c 0
example b 
 
i) To eliminate first degree terms, we apply translation.
ii) To eliminate the term containing xy, we apply rotation.  X 2  2 Y 2    1  2  2   0 X2  2Y2  1
iii) The point to which the origin has to be shifted to
eliminate first degree terms (x, y terms) in vi) To remove the first degree terms from
S=ax2+2hxy+by2+2gx+2fy+c=0 is obtained by 2hxy + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0, the origin is to be shifted
S S  f g
solving  x  0,  y  0 to the point  ,  . In this case, the
 h h 
iv) To remove the first degree terms from the equation transformed equation is 2h 2 XY  2gf  ch  0
ax 2  2hxy  by 2  2gx  2fy  c  0 the origin is W.E-3 : When the origin is shifted to the point
to be shifted to the point (5, -2) then the transformed equation of the
hf  bg gh  af  curve xy  2x  5y  11  0 is
 x1 , y1   
, 2 ,
2 .
 ab  h ab  h  ab  h  0 1 5   f g 
2
Sol: h  , g  1, f   , c  11 ,  h , h    5, 2 
In this case, the transformed equation is 2 2  
aX2+2hXY+bY2 + (gx1 + fy1 + c) = 0 Transformed equation is 2h 2 XY  2fg  ch  0

264 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I TRANSFORMATION OF AXES

 XY = - 21 W.E.-5: The angle of rotation of the axes so that

vii) The point to which the origin has to be shifted to the equation 3 x  y  5  0 may be
eliminate x and y terms in the equation
2 2
reduced to the form y = constant is
a  x     b  y     c is   ,  
Sol : 3 x  y  5  0 ; a  3, b  1
W.E-4: The point to which the origin has to be a 
1  1
shifted to eliminate x and y terms in the    Tan   b   Tan 3
3
 
equation 2x2  3y 2  12x  12y  21  0 is
x) The equation S  ax2+2hxy+by2+2gx+2fy+c=0
Sol: First method :
has transformed to
2 x 2  3 y 2  12 x  12 y  21  0
AX2+2HXY+BY2+2GX+2FY+C=0, when the
a  2, b  3, g  6, f  6
origin is shifted to  l , m  then A=a ; B=b ; H=h ;
 g f 
 New origin =   a ,  b    3, 2   S 
   S  2 F   
2G    C = S l, m
Second method :  x (l , m)  y  (l ,m )
2x 2  3y 2  12x  12y  21  0 The condition that the equation ax2 + 2hxy + by2 +
2gx + 2fy + c = 0 to take the form
 2(x2 - 6x) + 3 (y2 - 4y) + 21 = 0
aX2 + 2hXY + bY2 = 0 when the axes are
 2(x2 - 6x+9) + 3(y2-4y+4) - 18-12 + 21 = 0 translated is abc + 2fgh - af2 - bg2-ch2 = 0
2 2
 2  x  3  3  y  2   9 General Transformation:
2
Comparing with a  x     b  y     c ,
2 i) Applying both translation and rotation.
ii) The equations of general transformation are given
we get   3,   2 by
 New Origin =   ,    = (3, 2)
X Y
viii) a) To remove xy term of
x-h Cos  –Sin 
ax 2  2hxy  by 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 the angle
of rotation of axes is y-k Sin  Cos 
1  2h  Note:1) If the rotation is in clockwise direction then
  T a n 1   , if a  b
2 ab replace  by -  .
 2) On translation or rotation the position of the point,
   2n  1  4 , n  z if a = b length of line segment, area, perimeter, angles are
not changed. But the coordinates and equations
b) If ' ' is angle of rotation to eleminate XY term
will change.
in ax 2  2hxy  by 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 , then 3) If the axes are rotated through an angle  the
n following are the some invariants in original and
  , n  Z is also an angle of rotation to transformed equations of second degree general
2
eliminate XY term equation.
ix) The angle of rotation of axes so that the 1) a + b 2) h 2  ab 3) c 4)  a  b 2  4h 2
equation ax + by + c = 0 is reduced as 5) 2fgh  af 2  bg 2 6) abc  2fgh  af 2  bg 2  ch 2
1  b  If the Origin is shifted at O  h, k  and the axis are
a) X = constant is Tan  
a rotated about the new origin O by an angle  in
1  a anticlock wise sense, then
b) Y = constant is Tan    x  h  X cos  Y sin  , y  k  X sin   Y cos 
 b

PINEGROVE 265
 TRANSFORMATION OF AXES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

Proof: If O is shifted to O  h, k  then new co- EXERCISE - I (C.W)

ordinates of p(x,y) become  x1 , y1  x  h  x1 ,
TRANSLATION OFAXES
y  k  y1 . Axes are rotated through an 1. If (2, 3) are the coordinates of a point P in the
angle  , in the anticlockwise sense then the new system when the origin is shifted to (-3, 7)
then the original coordinates of P are
new co-ordinates of P  x1, y1 become ( X,Y ) 1) (-1, 10) 2) (5, -4) 3) (-5, 4) 4) (-1, 5)
2. The coordinates of the point (4,5) in the new
y-axis
y-axis system, when its origin is shifted to (3,7) are
y-axis xP(x, y) 1) (1, 2) 2) (-1, 2) 3) (-1, -2) 4) (1, -2)
3. When the origin is shifted to a point P, the point
 x-axis
(2, 0) is transformed to (0, 4) then the
coordinates of P are

x-axis 1) (2, -4) 2) (-2, 4) 3) (-2, -4) 4) (2, 4)
O
4. If the axes are translated to the point
x-axis (-2,-3) then the equation x2+3y2+4x+18y+30=0
0
transforms to
 x1  X cos  Y sin , y1  X sin   Y cos  1) X2 + Y2 = 4 2) X2 + 3Y2 =1
 x  h  X cos  Y sin , y  k  X sin  Y cos  3) X2 - Y2 = 4 4) X2 - 3Y2 = 1
If by change of axes without change of origin the 5. When the axes are translated to the point
(5,-2) then the transformed form of the
expression ax 2  2hxy  by 2 becomes
equation xy + 2x - 5y - 11 = 0 is
a1 X 2  2h1 XY  bY
1
2
then
X Y
1) 1 2)  1 3) XY = 1 4) XY2 = 2
i) a  b  a1  b1 ii) ab  h  a1b1  h
2 2
1
Y X
6. If the transformed equation of a curve when
iii)a  b  4h 2  a1  b1   4h12
2 2
the origin is translated to (1,1) is
Proof : Let the axes be rotated through an angle
X 2 Y 2  2X Y  2  0 then the original
 in anticlockwise sense equation of the curve is
 x  X cos Y sin  , y  X sin   Y cos 
1) x 2  2 y 2  1 2) x 2  y 2  3 y  3  0
ax2  2hxy  by 2  a  X cos  Y sin  3) x 2  y 2  3 y  3  0 4) x 2  y 2  3 y  3  0
2h X cos   X sin  X sin   Y cos   7. In order to make the first degree terms
b  X sin  Y cos 
2 missing in the equation 2x2+7y2+8x-14y+15=0,
the origin should be shifted to the point
But ax 2  2hxy  by 2 transformed into 1) (1, -2) 2) (-2, -1) 3) (2, 1) 4) (-2, 1)
a1 X 2  2h1 XY  b1Y 2 8. The point to which the origin should be shifted
in order to remove the x and y terms in the
 a1  a cos 2   h sin 2  b sin 2  equation 14x2-4xy+11y2-36x+48y+41=0 is
2h1  2h cos 2  a sin 2  b sin 2 1) (1, -2) 2) (-2, 1) 3) (-1, 2) 4) (2, -1)
9. If the distance between the two given points is
b1  a sin 2   h sin 2  b cos 2 
2 units and the points are transferred by
by using these conditions, i) a  b  a1  b1 shifting the origin to (2, 2), then the distance
ii) ab  h 2  a1b1  h12 between the points in their new position is
1) 2 2) 5 3) 6 4) 7
iii) a  b  4h 2  a1  b1   4h12
2 2

266 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I TRANSFORMATION OF AXES

10. When (0, 0) shifted to (3, -3) the coordinates 17. The angle of rotation of axes in order to
of P(5, 5), Q(-2, 4) and R(7, -7) in the new eliminate xy term in the equation xy = c2 is
system are A, B, C then area of triangle ABC    
1) 2) 3) 4)
in sq units is 12 6 3 4
1) 43 2) 23 3) 45 4) 50 18. The transformed equation of x  y 2  r 2 ,
2

ROTATION OFAXES when the axes are rotated through an angle

360 is
11. When axes are rotated through an angle of
450 in positive direction without changing 1) 5 X 2  4 XY  Y 2  r 2

origin then the coordinates of  

2, 4 in old 2) X 2  2 XY  5Y 2  r 2
system are 3) X 2  Y 2  r 2 4) X 2  Y 2  r 2


1) 1  2 2,1  2 2  
2) 1  2 2,1  2 2  EXERCISE-I (C.W)-KEY
1) 1 2) 4 3) 1 4) 2 5) 3 6) 4 7) 4
3)  2 2, 2  4)  2, 2  8) 1 9) 1 10) 1 11) 1 12) 3 13) 2 14)1
12. If the axes are rotated through an angle 30o, 15) 1 16) 2 17) 4 18) 4

the coordinates of 2 
3, 3 in the new EXERCISE-I (C.W)-HINTS
system are 1. (X,Y) = (2,3), (h,k)=(-3,7), (x,y) = (X+h,Y +k)
  3 5 2.  x, y    4,5 , (h,k) = (3,7), (X,Y) = (x-h,y-k)
 3  5
1)  ,  2)  2 , 2  3.  x, y    2, 0  ,  X , Y    0, 4 
2 2   
3 5 3  3 2 5 3 
 x  X , y  Y    2, 4 
3)  2 , 2  4)  2 , 2  New origin  x  X , y  Y 
   
4. (h,k) = (-2,-3) Put x  X  2, y  Y  3
13. The transformed equation of curve
x2+2 3 xy-y2-8=0, when the axes are rotated X 2  3Y2 1
5. (h,k) =(5,-2) Put x  X  5, y  Y  2  XY  1
 6. put X = x-1, Y=y-1
through an angle is
6 7. a  2, b  7, g  4, f  7, c  15
1) X2 - Y2 = 0 2) X2 - Y2 = 4  g  f 
3) X2 - Y2 = 2 4) X2 + Y2 = 4 New origin=  ,  =(-2,1)
 a b 
14. If the axes are rotated through an angle 180o  hf  bg gh  af 
then the equation 2x - 3y + 4=0 becomes 8. Use  ab  h 2 , ab  h 2 
 
1) 2X - 3Y - 4 = 0 2) 2X + 3Y - 4 = 0 9. Distance remains same
3) 3X - 2Y + 4 = 0 4) 3X + 2Y + 4 = 0
15. If the transformed equation of a curve is 10. Area of triangle ABC = Area of triange PQR
17X2-16XY + 17Y2 = 225 when the axes are 11. Use x  X cos   Y sin  , y  X sin   Y cos 
rotated through an angle 45o, then the original
12.Use X  x cos   y sin  , Y   x sin   y cos 
equation of the curve is
1) 25x2 + 9y2 = 225 2) 9x2 + 25y2 = 225 13. Use x = X cos  - Y sin  ,y = X sin  + Ycos 
3) 25x2 - 9y2 = 225 4) 9x2 - 25y2 = 225 14.x=Xcos1800 -Ysin1800 , y=Xsin 1800 +Ycos1800 ,
16. If the equation 4x2 + 2 3 xy + 2y2 - 1 = 0 15. X = x cos 450 +y sin 450 , Y=-xsin 450 + ycos 450 ,
becomes 5X2 + Y2 = 1, when the axes are 1 2h 1 2h
1   1  
rotated through an angle  , then  is 16.   2 tan  a  b  = 300 17.   2 tan  a  b 
   
1) 15o 2) 30o 3) 45 o 4) 60 o
18. x  X cos 6  Y sin 36 , y  X sin 36  Y cos 360
0 0 0

PINEGROVE 267
 TRANSFORMATION OF AXES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

EXERCISE-I (H.W) ROTATION OFAXES

TRANSLATION OFAXES 10. When axes are rotated by an angle of 1350
1. If (3,2) are coordinates of a point ‘P’ in the initial coordinates of (4,-3) are
new system when origin is shifted to (3,7), then  1 7   1 7 
1)  ,  2)  , 
the original coordinates of ‘P’ are  2 2  2 2
1) (6,9) 2) (-6,9) 3) (6,-9) 4) (6,0)
2. The coordinates of the point (3,7) in the new  1 7   1 7 
3)  ,  4)  , 
system when the origin is shifted to (5,-1) are  2 2  2 2
1) (8,6) 2) (2,-8) 3) (-2,8) 4) (4,3) 11. If the axes are rotated through an angle 300 in
3. If the point (5,7) is transformed to (-1,2) when
the origin is shifted to A, then A= 
the clockwise direction, the point 4, 2 3 in 
1) (4,9) 2) (6,5) 3) (-6,-5) 4) (2,4) the new system is
4. If the origin is shifted to the point (-1,2) without
changing the direction of axes, the equation
  
1) (2,3) 2) 2, 3 3) 3, 2 4) 3,5   
12. The transformed equation of
x 2 - y 2 + 2x + 4y = 0 becomes 2 2
1) X 2  Y 2  3  0 2) X 2  Y 2  3  0 3x + 3y + 2xy = 2 when the coordinate axes
3) X 2  Y 2  3  0 4) X 2  Y 2  3  0 are rotated through an angle of 450 is
5. When the axes are translated to the point (EAMCET - 2008)
1) X2  2Y2 1 2) 2X2 Y2 1
 1
 1,  , the equation 5x 2 + 4xy + 8y 2 - 12x - 12y = 0 3) X2 Y2 1 4) X 2  3Y2 1
 2
transforms to 13. When the axes are rotated through an angle
1) 5 X 2  4 XY  8Y 2  9 2) 2 X 2  3 XY  4Y 2  0 900 the equation 5x - 2y + 7 = 0 transforms to
3) X 2  2Y 2  3Y  0 4) X 2  7 XY  8Y 2  0 1) 2 X  5Y  7  0 2) 2 X  5Y  7  0
6. If (3,-4) is the point to which the origin is 3) 2 X  5Y  7  0 4) 2 X  5Y  7  0
shifted and the transformed equation is 14. If the transformed equation of a curve is
X2 + Y 2 = 4 then the original equation is 9X 2 + 16Y 2 = 144 when the axes are rotated
1) x 2  y 2  6 x  8 y  21  0 through an angle of 45 0 then the original
equation of a curve is
2) x 2  y 2  6 x  8 y  21  0 1) 25 x 2  14 xy  25 y 2  288
2 2
3) x  y  6 x  8 y  21  0 2) 25 x 2  14 xy  25 y 2  288
4) x 2  y 2  6 x  8 y  21  0 3) 25 x 2  14 xy  25 y 2  288
7. The point to which the origin should be shifted
in order to eliminate x and y terms in the 4) 25 x 2  14 xy  25 y 2  288
equation x 2 + 3y 2 - 2x + 12y + 1 = 0 is 15. The angle of rotation of axes in order to
eliminate xy term in the equation
1) (1,-2) 2) (1,3) 3) (-4,3) 4) (-1,2)
8. The point to which origin is shifted in order to x 2 + 2 3xy - y 2 = 2a 2 is
miss the first degree terms in 1)  / 6 2)  / 4 3)  / 3 4)  / 2
2x 2 + 5xy + 3y 2 + 6x + 7y + 1 = 0 is 16. The transformed equation of
1) (2,1) 2) (1,-2) 3) (2,-1) 4) (1,2) xCosα + ySinα = P when the axes are rotated
9. If the area of a triangle is 5 sq. units, then the through an angle  is
area of the triangle when the origin is shifted 1) X  P 2) X  P  0
to (1,2) is 3) Y  P 4) Y  P  0
1) 2 sq.u 2) 3 sq.u 3) 4 sq.u 4) 5 sq.u

268 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I TRANSFORMATION OF AXES

EXERCISE-I (H.W)- KEY EXERCISE-II (C.W)

1) 1 2) 3 3) 2 4) 3 5) 1 6) 3 7) 1
8) 2 9) 4 10) 4 11) 4 12) 2 13) 2 14)3 TRANSLATION OFAXES
15) 1 16) 1 1. To remove the first degree terms of the
equation 2xy+4x-2y+7=0 the shifted origin is
EXERCISE-I (H.W)- HINTS 1) (2, -1) 2) (-1, 2) 3) (1, -2) 4) (-2, 1)
2. By translating the axes the equation
1.  X,Y  3,2 , h,k 3,7 , x, y  X hY
, k
xy - 2x - 3y - 4 = 0 has changed to XY = k,
2.  x, y    3,7 ,  h, k    5, 1 then k =
1) -10 2) 10 3) 4 4) - 4
 X , Y    x  h, y  k  3. The origin is shifted to (1, 2), the equation
3.  x, y    5,7 ,  X , Y   1, 2  y2-8x-4y+12=0 changes to Y2+4aX=0 then a =
1) 2 2) -2 3) 1 4) -1
A   x  X , y  Y    6,5  4. When the origin is shifted to a suitable point,
4. (h, k) = (-1,2) Put x  X  1, y  Y  2 trans the equation 2x2 + y2 - 4x+4y=0 transformed
as 2X2 + Y2 - 8X + 8Y + 18=0. The point to
formed equation is X 2 Y 2  3  0 which origin was shifted is
5. (h, k) = (1, 1/2) 1) (1, 2) 2) (1, -2) 3) (-1, 2) 4) (-1, -2)
1 5. If  cosα, cosβ  are the new co-ordinates of
put x  X  1, y  Y  in given equation
2 a point P when the axes are translated to the
6. Put X  x  3, Y  y  4
point 1,1 , then the original coordinates are
 g  f 
7. Use  ,  1) (2cos 2  2, 2 cos 2  2)
 a b 
2) (2cos 2  2, 2sin 2  2)
 hf  bg gh  af 
8. Use  , 2 
2
 ab  h ab  h  3) (2sin 2  2, 2 cos 2  2)
9. Area remains the same 4) (2 cos 2  2, 2 cos 2  2)
10. X  x cos   y sin  ; 6. The first degree terms of
Y   x sin   y cos 
ax2 + 2hxy + by 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 are
11. X  x cos   y sin  ;
removed by shifting origin to  ,   . The new
Y   x sin   y cos 
Where   300 equation is
12. x  X cos   Y sin  ; 1) ax 2  2hxy  by 2  2 y  2b  c  0
y  X sin   Y cos  2) ax 2  2hxy  by 2  g  f   c  0
13. x  X cos 900  Y sin 900 3) ax 2  2hxy  by 2  h  b  c  0
0 0
y  X sin 90  Y cos 90
4) ax 2  2hxy  by 2  h  b  c  0
0 0
14. Use X  x cos 45  y sin 45
7. When (0, 0) shifted to (2, -2) the transformed
Y   x sin 450  y cos 450 2 2
equation of  x - 2  +  y + 2  =9 is
1  2h 
15.   tan 1   1) X2+Y2=9
2  a b 
2) X 2  3Y 2  9
16. Use x  X cos   Y sin  ;
y  X sin   Y cos  3) X 2  Y 2  2 X  6Y  0
4) 4 X 2  9Y 2  36

PINEGROVE 269
 TRANSFORMATION OF AXES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

ROTATION OFAXES 3) 2 2, 0  
4) 2 2, 0 
2
8. T he tr ansf or med equation of 4xy - 3x =10 15. The acute angle  through which the
when the axes are rotated through an angle coordinate axes should be rotated for the point
whose tangent is ‘2’ is A (2,4) to attain the new abscissa 4 is given by
1) X2 - 4Y2 = 10 2) 4X2 - Y2 = 10 1) tan   3 / 4 2) tan   5 / 6
3) XY - 10 = 0 4) 2X2 - Y2 +10=0
9. The angle of rotation of the axes so that the 3
3) tan   7 / 8 4) tan  
equation 3 x - y + 5 = 0 may be reduced to 16. A line has intercepts a , b on the2 axes when
the form Y = k, where k is a constant is the axes are rotated through an angle  , the
1)  / 6 2)  / 4 3)  / 3 4)  /12 line makes equal intercepts on axes then
10. The angle of rotation of the axes so that the
tan  
equation ax + by + c = 0 may be reduced to
X = p is  a b   ab  a b
1)   2)   3)   4)  
b a    ab   a b  b a
1) tan-1 2) tan-1 3) 4)
a b 2 3 17. The new equation of the curve
11. The coordinate axes are rotated about the 2 2
4  x - 2y + 1  + 9  2x + y + 2  = 25 , if the
origin ‘O’ in the counter clockwise direction lines 2x + y + 2 = 0 and x - 2y + 1 = 0 are taken
through an angle 60o. If a and b are the as the new x and y axes respectively is
intercepts made on the new axes by a straight
1) 4X 2  9Y 2  5 2) 4X 2  9Y 2  25
line whose equation referred to the original
3) 4X 2  9Y 2  7 4) 4X 2  9Y 2  7
1 1
axes is 3x + 4y-5=0 then 2  2  18. The line joining the points A(2,0) and B(3,1) is
a b rotated through an angle of 450 , about A in
1) 1/25 2) 1/9 3) 1/16 4) 1 the anticlock wise direction. The coordinates
12. The coordinate axes are rotated through an of B in the new position (EAMCET 2011)
angle  about the origin in anticlock-wise
sense.If the equation
   
1) 2, 2 2) 2, 2 3) (2,2) 4) 2, 2  
19. If the axes are translated to the circumcentre
2x 2 + 3xy - 6x + 2y - 4 = 0 changes to
of the triangle formed by  9, 3  ,  -1, 7  ,  -1, 3  ,
ax2 + 2hxy + by 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 then a+b
is equal to then the centroid of the triangle in the new
1) 3cos   3sin  2) 3cos   2sin  system is
3) 1 4) 2  5  5 2 
13. Let L be the line 2x+y-2=0. The axes 1)  5,  2)  4,3 3)  ,  4)  0, 0 
 3  3 3 
are rotated by 450 in clockwise direction then 20. The point  4,1 undergoes the following two
the intercepts made by the line L on the new transformations successively
axes are respectively (i) reflection about the line y = x
(ii) translation through a distance 2units along
1) 1, 2 2) 2 , 1 the positive direction of x-axis. The final
2 2 2 2 position of the point is
3) 2 2, 4) ,2 2 1)  3, 4  2)  4,3 3)  1, 4  4) 1, 4 
3 3
14. A point (2,2) undergoes reflection in the x-axis
and then the coordinate axes are rotated
EXERCISE-II (C.W)- KEY
through an angle of  / 4 in anticlockwise
direction .The final position of the point in the 1) 3 2) 2 3) 2 4) 3 5) 1 6) 2 7) 1
new coordinate system is 8) 1 9) 3 10) 1 11) 4 12) 4 13) 3 14) 2
15) 1 16) 2 17) 1 18) 1 19) 3 20) 1

1) 0, 2 2  
2) 0, 2 2 
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 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I TRANSFORMATION OF AXES

EXERCISE-II (C.W)- HINTS the new coordinates of B are 2, 2  

  f g  19. Given points forms a right angle triangle.
1. New origin =  ,  circum centre = Mid point of AB = (4,5)
 h h 
 7 13 
  f g  Centroid G   , 
2. New origin =  ,    3, 2  3 3 
 h h   centroid in the new system
Put x = X+3,y=Y+2
3. (h,k) =((1,2) ; x  X  1, y  Y  2 7 13   5 2 
   4,  5    , 
3 3   3 3 
Y2 8X  0  a  2
4. Sub x  X  h, y  Y  k in 2x2 + y2 - 4x+4y=0 20. Reflection of  4,1 with reference to y  x is
  1, 4  . The new coordinates of
5.  x, y    X  h, Y  k    2cos2 , 2cos2 
 2 2 1, 4  is 1  2, 4    3, 4 
6. x = X+  , y = Y+ 
 x1 , y1    ,   EXERCISE-II (H.W)
2 2
aX  2hXY  bY  gX 1  fY1  C  0
7. (h, k) = (2, -2) TRANSLATION OFAXES
8. tan   2 , Find sin  and cos  1. The point to which the origin should be
1   a  translated in order to make the first degree
9. use   tan   terms missing in the equation
 b 
10. a  X cos   Y sin    b  X sin   Y cos    c  0 3xy - 2x + y - 8 = 0 is
coiefficent of Y=0
 1 2  1 2
5 5 1 1 1 1 1)   ,  2)   ,  
11. p  , q  , 2  2  2  2  3 3  3 3
3 4 a b p q
12 a+b= 2+0=2 2 1  2 1
3)  ,   4)   , 
13.   450  3 3  3 3
14. Reflection of (2,2) in X-axis is (2,-2) = (x,y) 2. By translation of axes the equation
use X  x cos   y sin  , Y   x sin   y cos  xy - x + 2y - 6 = 0 changed as XY=c then c=
1) 4 2) 5 3) 6 4) 7
15.  x, y    2, 4  , X  4 3. By shifting origin to (-1,2) the equation
Using X  x cos   y sin  y 2 + 8x - 4y + 12 = 0 changes as Y 2 = 4aX
 2cos   4sin   4 , dividing by sin  then a=
3 1) 1 2) 2 3) -2 4) -1
 2  4 tan   4sec , s.b.s  tan   4 4. The transformed equation of
x y 2 2
4x + 9y - 8x + 36y + 4 = 0 when the axes
  1; 
X cos   Y sin    X sin   Y cos  
16.  1
a b a b
are translated to (1,-2) is aX 2 +bY2 =c . Then
x.coefficient = y coefficient
desending order of a,b,c
 a  b  cos    a  b  sin  1) c,b,a 2) c,a,b 3) a,b,c 4) a,c,b
a b 5. On shifting the origin to a particular point,
 tan  
ab the equation x 2 + y 2 - 4x - 6y - 12 = 0
2 2
 x  2 y 1   2x  y  2  transforms to X2 + Y 2 = K . Then K =
17. Take 4    9  5.
 5   5  1) 12 2) 25 3) 24 4) 5
2 2
 4 X  9Y  5 .
18. AB  1  1  2 .  by distance, verification

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 TRANSFORMATION OF AXES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

6. The condition that the equation 14. If the axes are rotated through an angle π
ax2 + 2hxy + by 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 , can take then the transformed equation of
the form aX2 + 2hXY + bY 2 = 0 by translating ax + by + c = 0 is
the origin to a suitable point is 1) aX  bY  0 2) bX  aY  c  0
1) abc  2 fgh  af 2  bg   ch 2  0 3) bX  aY  c  0 4) aX  bY  c  0
2) 2 fgh  af 2  bg 2  ch2  0 15. If the transformed equation of
3) abc  af 2  bg 2  ch 2  0 4) abc+2fgh = 0 xy = 0 is X 2 - Y 2 = 0 , the angle of rotation of
axes is
ROTATION OFAXES
   
7. When the angle of rotation of axes is Tan-12, 1) 2) 3) 4)
2 3 4 6
the transformed equation of 4xy-3x2=a2 is 16. If the axes are rotated through an angle α ,
1) 2XY  a2  0 2) XY  a2  0 the new equation of xsinα - ycosα = p is
3) X 2  4Y 2  a2 4) X 2  2Y 2  a2 1) X  p 2) Y  p 3) X  p  0 4) Y  p  0
8. The angle of rotation of axes so that
EXERCISE-II (H.W)- KEY
3x - y + 1 = 0 transformed as y=k is 1)1 2) 1 3) 3 4) 1 5) 2 6) 1 7) 3 8) 3
    9) 2 10) 1 11) 1 12) 4 13) 1 14) 4 15) 3 16) 4
1) 2) 3) 4)
6 4 3 2 EXERCISE-II (H.W)- HINTS
9. The angle of rotation of the axes so that the
equation x + y - 6 = 0 may be reduced to the  f g
form X = 3 2 is 1. New origin    ,  
 h h
1)  / 6 2)  / 4 3)  / 3 4)  / 2
 f g
10. The coordinate axes are rotated about the 2. New origin    ,     2,1
origin ‘O’ in counter clockwise direction  h h
through an angle of 600 . If ‘p’ and ‘q’ are put x  X  2, y  Y  1
intercepts made on new axes by a staight line 3.  h, k    1, 2  , put x  X  1, y  Y  2
whose equation referred to the original axes
1 1 4.  h, k    1, 2  put x = X-1, y = Y+2
is x + y = 1 , then 2 + 2 =  g  f 
p q 5. new origin =  ,    2, 3
1) 2 2) 4 3) 6 4) 8  a b 
11. The coordinate axes are rotated through an put x = X+2, y = Y+3
angle 220 about the origin. If the equation 7. tan   2, Find sin  and cos 
4x 2 + 12xy + 9y 2 + 6x + 9y + 2 = 0 changes to 1  a 
8. a  3, b  1,   tan  
aX 2 + 2hXY +bY 2 + 2gX + 2fY +c = 0 then value b 
1  b 
g 2 - ac 9. a = 1, b = 1 ,   tan  
of = a
a2 + h2
1) 1/52 2) 1/36 3) -27/52 4) 1/40 1 1 1 1
10. 2
 2  2 2
12. If the axes are rotated through an angle in p q a b
2
the positive direction, the new coordinates of g 2  ac 1
11. a  4, c  2, g  3, h  6 ; 2 
 x, y  are a  h 2 52
1)   x,  y  2)  x,  y  3)  y, x  4)  y,  x  12.Use X  x cos   y sin  , Y   x sin   y cos 
13. I f the axes ar e r otated thr ough an angle 300 0
 
13.   30 ,  X , Y   4, 2 3 ,  x, y   ?
in the clock wise direction, the coordinates of 14. Use x  X cos   Y sin  , y  Xsin  Yco s 
 
4, 2 3 before the rotation of axes are
15.  

   
1) 3 3,1 2) 2 3, 2 3)  2,3 4) 3,5   4
16.Use x  X cos   Y sin  , y  X sin   Y cos 

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EXERCISE-III 
(iii) Rotated through an angle about the
4
1. The line joining two points A (2,0) and B(3,1) origin of new system in the clockwise direction.
is rotated about A in anticlockwise direction The final position of the point (7,5) is
through an angle 15o. If B goes to C then C= (EAM - 2013)
4 2  6 2 6  9 1   7 1 
1)  2 , 6  2)  2 , 2  1)  ,  2)  , 
     2 2  2 2

2 2 6 4 2 6  7 1   5 1 
, ,
3)  2 , 2  4)  2 , 2  3) 
 2 2
 4) 
 2 2

   
2. The line passing through (7,3), (5,1) meets the 7. The point 1,3 undergoes the following
x-axis at P. If the line is rotated through an transformations successively
(i) Reflection with respect to the line y=x
angle 30o in the anti clockwise direction about (ii) translation through 3 units along the
P then the slope of its new position is positive direction of the X-axis
1) 3 2) 1/ 3 3) 2  3 4) 2  3 
(iii) Rotation through an angle about the
3. The line segment joining A(3, 0), B(5, 2) is 6
rotated about a point A in anticlockwise sense origin in the clockwise direction.
The final position of the point P is (EAM-2014)

through an angle and B move to C. If a  6  3 1 6 3 
4  7 5 
point D be the reflection of C in y-axis, then 1)  ,  2)  2 , 2 
 2 2  
D=
 6 3 1 6  3   6 3 1 3  6 

1) 3, 2 2  
2) 3, 2 2  3)  2 , 2  4)  2 , 2 
   
3)  3, 2 2  4)  3,8 2  8. If the square ABCD where A(0,0), B(2,0),
4. Shift the origin to a suitable point so that the C(2,2) and D (0,2) undergoes the following
three transformations successively :
equation y 2  4 y  8 x  2  0 will not contain
i) f1  x, y    y, x  ii) f 2  x, y    x  3 y, y 
y and constant terms is
1) (3/4, -2) 2) (3/4, 2) 3) (2, 3/4) 4) (2, -3/4)  x y x y
5. The point (3,2) undergoes the following three iii) f3  x, y    , 
 2 2 
transformations in the order given
then the final figure is :
(i) Reflection about the line y=x
(ii) Translation by the distance 1 unit in the 1) square 2) parallelogram
positive direction of x-axis 3) rhombus 4) rectangle
(iii) Rotation by an angle  / 4 about the origin 9. The point (4,3) when the axes translated to
in the anticlockwise direction. Then the final the point (3,1) and then axes are rotated
position of the point is (EAM-2012) through 30o about the origin, then the new
   
1)  18, 18 2)  2,3 3) 0, 18 4)  0,3 position of the point is
6. The origin is translated to (1,2). The point (7,5)  2 3 1 3  2   3  1 2 3  1
in the old system undergoes the following 1)  2 , 2  2)  2 , 2 
transformations successively    
(i) Moves to the new point under the given
translation of origin  3  2 2 3 1  3  2 3  1
(ii) Translated throgh 2 units along the 3)  2 , 2  4)  2 , 2 
negative direction of the new X-axis    

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 TRANSFORMATION OF AXES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

10. If the axes are shifted to  -2, -3  and rotated 3

OR  OR1  5 , tan   4 ,
π
through then transformed equation of 3 4
4  sin   , cos  
5 5
2x 2 + 4xy - 5y 2 + 20x - 22y - 14 = 0 is
The final position of the point
1) X 2  14 XY  7Y 2  2 2) X 2  14 XY  7Y 2  4
     
3) X 2  14 XY  7Y 2  2 4) X 2  14 XY  7Y 2  2  OR1 cos     , OR1 sin     
  4  4 
EXERCISE-III - KEY
7. Reflection of P 1,3 w.r.t the line y  x is
1) 4 2) 3 3) 1 4) 1 5) 3 6) 3 7) 4
8) 2 9) 3 10) 1 Q  3,1 . after second transformation, Q  3,1
EXERCISE-III - HINTS becomes to R  6,1 , OR  OR1  37 ,
1. r  2 ,  x1, y1    2,0  ,   450  150  600 1 1 6
tan    sin   , cos   .
6 37 37
x  x1  r cos , y  y1  r sin 
The final position of the point
2. Angle made by the line AB with x-axis =
     
450  300  750   OR1 cos     , OR1 sin     
  6  6 
 Slope of the line in new position
m  tan 750  2  3 8. Under the transformations f1 , f 2 and f 3,
3. A=(x , y ) = (3, 0), AB = r = 2 2 , A  0,0    0,0    0,0   A1  0,0 
1 1

  45  450  900 using x = x1  r cos  ,

0
B  2,0    0, 2    6, 2   B1  2, 4 
y= y1  r sin  we get C = 3, 2 2   D1 1,1 C1 3,5 

 
D= reflection of C 3, 2 2 in Y axis = 3, 2 2  
4. y 2  8x  4 y  2  0 New origin =  h, k 
2 A1 0, 0  B1 2, 4 
Y  k   8  X  h   4 Y  k   2  0
C  2, 2    2, 2    8, 2   C1  3,5 
Coeff of Y= 0  2k+4=0  k=-2 D  0, 2    2,0    2,0   D1 1,1

Constant term = 0  k 2  8h  4k  2  0
A B / / D C
3 3  Clearly B
1

1 C
1

1 / / A
1

1 D
1

1
is not perpendicular to
 h   New origin =  , 2 
4 4  B1D1 . therefore A1B1C1D1 is parallelogram.
5. Reflection of P  3, 2  with reference to y=x is
Q  2,3 . after second transformation, point 9.  x, y    4,3 ,  h, k    3,1 by using
Q  2,3 becomes to R  3,3 . after third
X   x  h  cos    y  k  sin 
tranformation R goes to R1 such that OR  OR1
by verification option (3) is the answer. Y    x  h  sin    y  k  cos 
6. After first transformation given point P  7,5  10.  h, k    2, 3 ,  450 using
becomes Q  6,3 . after second transformation
Q  6,3 becomes to  6  2,3  R  4,3 , x  h  X cos   Y sin  y  k  X sin   Y cos 

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 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I STRAIGHT LINES

STRAIGHT LINES
SYNOPSIS W.E-1: The medians AD and BE of the triangle
Inclination of a line: with vertices A(0,b), B(0,0) and C(a,0) are
 If a line makes an angle   0      with mutually perpendicular if
x-axis measured in positive direction then  is called  2b   b 
Sol: AD  BE       1  2b 2  a 2
inclination of the line.  a  a 
i) Inclination of horizontal line is zero  If  is an angle between two nonvertical lines
ii) Inclination of vertical line is  / 2 having slopes
Slope of a line: m1  m2
 If the inclination of a non vertical line is  then m1 , m2 then tan    1  m m , m1m2  1
1 2
tan  is called slope of the line and is usually
m1  m2
denoted by m, thus m  tan  i) If  is acute then tan   1  m m
1 2
Y
ii) If  is one angle between two lines then the other
angle is    . Usually the acute angle between
two lines is taken as the angle between the lines
Intercept(s) of a line:

O
X  If a line cuts x-axis at A(a, 0) and y-axis at B(0,b)
then a and b are called x-intercept and y-intercept
of that line respectively
i) Slope of horizontal line (x-axis) is zero   0 0 
i) Intercept of a line may be positive or negative
ii) Slope of vertical line (y-axis) is not defined or zero
  90 
0
ii) x-intercept of a horizontal line is not defined
iii) y-intercept of a vertical line is not defined
iii)   00  m  0 ;
iv) Intercepts of a line passing through origin are
00    900  m  0 zero.
  900  m is not defined Equation of a straight line in various
900    1800  m  0 forms:
 i) Line parallel to x-axis: Equation of
 Slope of the line joining two points A( x1 , y1 ) ,
horizontal line passing through (a,b) is y = a
y2  y1 ii) Line parallel to y-axis: Equation of
B  x2 , y 2  is m   x1  x2  vertical line passing through (a, b) is x = b
x2  x1
iii) Slope - point form :The equation of the
i) If x1=x2 then the line AB is vertical and hence its
line with slope m and passing through the point
slope is not defined
 x1, y1  is y– y1= m (x – x1)
ii) If y1=y2 then the line AB is horizontal and hence its
slope is 0 W.E-2: If (3,-1),(2,4),(-5,7) are the mid points of
the
 Two nonvertical lines are parallel if their slopes are
equal. sides BC , CA , AB of triangle ABC.
 Two non vertical lines are perpendicular if product Then the equation of the side CA is
of their slopes is –1 Sol: Here m = – 1 and given point (x1 , y1) is (2, 4).

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By point slope form equation of the line is mx ny

  mn
y – 4 = – 1 (x - 2) x1 y1
iv) Two - point form :The eq. of a line passing b) Equation of the line whose intercept between the
through two points A( x1 , y1 ) and B  x2 , y2  is x y
axes is bisected at the point (x1, y1) is x  y  2
1 1
 y  y1  x2  x1    x  x1  y2  y1  c) Equation of the line making equal intercepts on the
x y 1 axes and through the point (x o , y o ) is
x + y = xo + yo
x1 y1 1  0 d) Equation of the line making equal intercepts in
(or)
x2 y2 1 magnitude but opposite in sign and passing through
W.E-3: Equation of the diagonal (through the (xo,yo) is x – y = xo – yo
origin) of the quadrilateral formed by the lines e) The equation of the line passing through the point
x=0,y=0, x + y = 1 and 6x + y = 3 is (x1, y1) and whose intercepts are in the ratio m : n
is nx+my=nx1+my1 (or) mx+ny=mx1+ny1
 2 3
Sol :Here  x1 , y1    0, 0  ,  x2 , y2    ,  Using W.E-5: The sum of x,y intercepts made by the lines
5 5
two-point form, the equation of the line is 3x-2y=0 x+y=a, x+y=ar, x+y=ar 2 ...... on coordinate
v) Slope - Intercept form : axes when r=1/2, a  0
a) The equation of the line whose slope is m and which Sol: req. sum= 2a  2ar  2ar 2  ......  infinite G.P 
cuts an intercept ‘c’ on the y-axis is y = mx+c
Y = 2a/1-r = 4a
L vii) General equation of line :
a) A linear equation in x and y always represents a
(0, c) line.
X b) The equation of a line in general form is
O
a x + b y + c = 0 , where a , b , c are real numbers
such that a 2  b 2  0 having slope =-a/b ,
b) The equation of the line whose slope is m and which x-intercept =-c/a , y- intercept =-c/b .
cuts an intercept ‘a’ on the x-axis is y = m(x - a) c) The equation of a line parallel to ax  by  c  0
c) The equation of the line passing through the origin
and having slope m is y=mx is of the form ax  by  k  0 , k  R .
d) The equation of a line perpendicular to
W.E-4:Equation to the straight line cutting off
an intercept 2 from negative y axis and ax  by  c  0 is of the form bx  ay  k  0 ,
inclined at 30º to the positive direction of axis kR
of x, is
Sol: Equation of line passing through (0,-2) and having e ) Equation of a line passing through  x1 , y1  and
1 (i) parallel to ax  by  c  0 is
slope is 3y  x  2 3  0
3
a  x  x1   b  y  y1   0
vi) Intercept Form: Suppose a line L makes
intercept on x-axis is a and on y-axis is b then its (ii)Perpendicular to ax  by  c  0 is
x y b  x  x1   a  y  y1   0
equation is  1
a b
a) If the portion of the line intercepted between the viii) Normal form :
axes is divided by the point (x1, y1) in the ratio m : a) The equation of the straight line upon which the
nx my length of the normal drawn from origin is 'p' and
n, then the eq.of the line is x  y  m  n (or) this perpendicular makes an angle  ,  0    2 
1 1

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with positive x-axis is x cos   y sin   p , parameter 'r' of the line passing through the point

 p  0  x1 , y1  and having inclination  .

Y Y

+ P(x1 + r cos, y1 + r sin)

L

O P X
A(x1, y1) 
–


Q(x1 – r cos, y1 – r sin)
b) The normal form of a line ax  by  c  0 is X
O B
 a x
 b y
c
, if c  0 and
a2  b2 a2  b2 a2  b2 x  x1 y  y1
cos  = , sin  =
a b c AP AP
x y , if c  0 or x – x1 = AP cos  , y – y1 = AP sin  .
2 2 2 2
a b a b a  b2
2

x  x1 y  y1
W.E-6: Normal form of the equation x+y+1=0 is  r
cos  sin 
Sol: The given equation is x+y+1=0  -x-y=1
W.E-7: (1,2),(3,6)are two opposite vertices of a

 1 x   1 y  1 rectangle and if the other two vertices lie on
2 2 2 the line 2y = x + c, then c and other two
vertices are
    1 Sol: Mid point of given vertices is
 x cos      y sin     
 4  4 2
P  x1 , y1    2, 4  which lies on 2y = x + c then
5 5 1
 x cos  y sin  1
4 4 2 c=6. Now r=BP=AP= 5 , tan  
2
ix) Symmetric form and Parametric
Hence B=  x1  r cos  , y1  r sin   =(4,5)
equations of a straight line :
a) The equation of the straight line passing through C=  x1  r cos  , y1  r sin   =(0,3)
(x1,y1) and makes an angle  with the positive
 Distances:
x  x1 y  y1 i) The perpendicular distance to the line
direction of x-axis is 
co s  sin  ax  by  c  0
Where    0,     (    )
c
b) The co-ordinates  x, y  of any point P on the line (a) from origin is
a2  b2
at a distance ‘r’ units away from the point A x1, y1  ax1  by1  c
can be taken as (b) from the point  x1 , y1  is
a 2  b2
 x1 r cos, y1 r sin   or x1 r cos, y1 r sin 
ii) The distance of a point  x1 , y1  from the line
c) The equations x  x1  r cos , y  y1  r sin 
L  axby c 0 measured along a line making an
are called parametric equations of a line with

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ax1  by1  c   1   3 
angle  with x-axis is  sin           0  
a cos   b sin  4  2 4 4 4 2
iii) The distance between parallel lines iii) A point A x1, y1  and origin lies on the same or
ax  by  c1  0 and ax  by  c2  0 is
opposite side of a line L  ax  by  c  0
c1  c2 according as c.L11  0 or c.L11  0
2 2 .
a b
iv) The point  x1 , y1  lies between the parallel lines
iv) The distance between the parallel lines ax+by+c1=0
and ax + by + c2 = 0 measured along the line having ax1  by1  c  0, ax2  by2  c  0 or does not
c1  c 2
inclination  is ax1  by1  c1
a cos   b sin  lie between them according as ax  by  c is
v) The equation of a line parallel and lying midway 1 1 2

between the above two lines is negative or positive

c1  c2 v) The point A x1, y1  lies above or below the line
ax  by  0
2 L11 L
vi) Equiation of the line parallel to ax+by+c=0 and at L  ax  by  c  0 according as  0 or 11  0
b b
a distance d from the line is Proof: The fig. Shows a point P(x1, y1) lying above a
ax  by  c  d a 2  b 2  0 given line. If an ordinate is dropped from P to meet
the line L at N, then the x coordinate of N will be x1.
W.E-8: The distance between A(2, 3) on the line of Putting x = x1 in the equation ax + by + c = 0 gives
gradient 3/4 and the point of intersection P of
(ax1  c)
this line with 5x + 7y + 40 = 0 is ordinate of N = –
Sol: Since m = 3/4, then cos  = 4/5 and sin  = 3/5. b
If P(x1, y1) lies above the line, then we have
(ax1  c) (ax1  c)
5 2  7 3  40 355 y1 > – i.e. y1 + >0
r  b b
 4   3 41 (ax1  by1  c) L( x 1 , y1 )
5   7  
 5  5 i.e. > 0, i.e. >0
b b
P
 Position of a point (s) w.r.to line (s):
i) The ratio in which the line L  ax  by  c  0
divides the line segment joining
A x1, y1  and B  x2 , y2  is L11 : L22 where L = ax + by + c = 0
N
L11  ax1  by1  c, L22  ax2  by2  c Hence, P(x1, y1) lies above the line
ii) The points A , B lie on the same side or opposite L( x 1 , y1 )
ax + by + c = 0, and if < 0, it would
side of the line L = 0 according as L11 , L22 have b
same sign or opposite sign that is mean that P lies below the line ax + by + c = 0.
L11. L22  0 or L11. L22  0  If P  x1 , y1  lie between the parallel lines

W.E-9: The range of  in the interval (0, ) such ax  by  c1  0, ax  by  c2  0 then

that the points (3, 5) and (sin  , cos  ) lie on ax1  by1  c1 ax1  by1  c2   0 .
the same side of the line x + y – 1 = 0 is
Sol: Since  3  5  1  sin   cos   1  0

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 If P  x1 , y1  does not lie between the parallel lines Sol: Let A, B, C be vertices of the triangle.

ax  by  c1  0, ax  by  c2  0 t h e n 5 7
A  ( 7, 5), B   , 
4 8
ax1  by1  c1 ax1  by1  c2   0
 1 1
C   ,  . Sign of A w.r.t. BC to -ve.
Proof : Make c1 , c2 having same sign. ( If necessary) 3 9
 ( 0,0) lie on same side of both the lines If P lies inside the triangle ABC, then sign of P will
 ax1  b1 y1  c1 , c1 have opposite signs be the same as sign of A w.r.t. the line BC
 5  6 2  1  0 .....(i)
ax1  b1 y1  c2 , c2 have opposite signs
similarly 2  3 2  1  0 .....(ii)
since c1c2  0, we have
And   2 2  3  0 .....(iii)
ax1  by1  c1 ax1  by1  c2   0 Solving (i), (ii) and (iii) for  and then taking
Ceva's Theorem : 1   3 
 If the lines joining any point ‘O’ to the vertices intersection, we get    ,1    ,  1
2   2 
A,B,C of a triangle meet the opposite sides in D,E,
 Point of intersection of lines and
BD CE AF
F respectively then . . 1 Concurrency of Straight Lines:
DC EA FB
Proof: Without loss of generality take the point P as the i) Consider two lines L1  a1 x  b1 y  c1  0 and

origin O. Let A  x1 , y1  , B  x2 , y2  , C  x3 , y3  be L2  a2x b2 y  c2  0 then point of intersection is

y1  0 y1  bc
1 2  b2c1 c1a2  c2a1

the vertices. Slope of AP is x  0  x . Equation  ,  or
1 1
a b  a b a b
 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1  a b
y1 x y 1
of AP is y  0  x  x  0  b1 c1

c1 a1

a1 b1
1
b2 c2 c2 a2 a2 b2
 yx1  xy1  xy1  yx1  0
ii) Three or more lines are said to be concurrent, if
BD   x2 y1  x1 y2  x1 y2  x2 y1 they have a point in common. The common point is
   called the point of concurrence.
DC x3 y1  x1 y3 x3 y1  x1 y3
a) If L1 = 0, L2 = 0 are two interesecting lines, then
BD CE AF the equation of any line other than L1  0 and
 . . 1
DC EA FB
L2  0 and passing through point of intersection
Manelaw's Theorem :
 If a transversal cuts the sides BC, CA, AB of a can be taken as L1   L2  0. Where  is a
parameter
BD CE AF
triangle in D,E,F resp. then . .  1
DC EA FB
b) The three lines Li  ai x  bi y  ci  0, i 1,2,3 are
Proof: Let the transversal be ax+by+c=0. the line a1 b1 c1
BD   ax2  by2  c  iff a2 b2 c2  0
divides BC at D then DC  ax  by  c concurrent (or) Point of
 3 3  a3 b3 c3
BD CE AF intersection of any two lines lies on the third line
Hence . .  1
DC EA FB
(or) there exist constants 1 , 2 , 3 not all zero
such that 1 L1  2 L2  3 L3  0
W.E-10: The range of  , if ( ,  2 ) lies inside the c) If p1x+q1y =1, p2x+q2y = 1, p3x+q3y = 1 are
concurrent lines then the points (p1,q1), (p2,q2),
triangle having sides along the lines (p3,q3) are collinear
2x + 3y = 1, x + 2y - 3 = 0, 6y = 5x - 1 d) If ka+lb+mc=0, then the point of concurrency
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 STRAIGHT LINES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

of the lines represented by ax+by+c=0 is points A and B. The equation to the line AB
k l  so that the triangle OAB is equilateral is
 , 
m m Sol: Since given two lines passing through origin and
W.E-11: The line x   y  4  0 passes through the making angles 600, 1200 with X-axis the third line
point of intersection of 4x  y  1  0 and
is parallel to X-axis. Hence equation of AB is y=2
x + y + 1 = 0. Then the value of  is
 Triangles and Quadrilaterals:
1  4
i) The ratio of the sides of a triangle formed by
Sol:The three lines are concurrent  4 1 1 0
L1  0, L2  0 and L3  0 is
1 1 1
a2 b2 a3 b3 a b
22 a12 b12 : a22 b22 : a32 b32 1 1
 2  3  20  0     a3 b3 a1 b1 a2 b2
3
 Angle between lines: ii) Let d1 be the distance between the parallel lines
i) If ' ' is an acute angle between the two ax  by  c1  0 , ax  by  c2  0 and d2 be the
non- vertical lines having slopes m1 and m2 then distance between the parallel lines
m1  m2 a1x  b1 y  k1  0 , a1x  b1 y  k 2  0 then the
tan   figure formed by four lines is
1  m1m2
a) a square if d1=d2 and aa1  bb1  0 ,
ii) If ' ' is an acute angle between the lines
b) Rhombus if d1=d2 and aa1  bb1  0 ,
a1 x  b1 y  c1  0 and a2 x  b2 y  c2  0 then
c) Rectangle if d1  d 2 and aa1  bb1 =0,
a1a2  b1b2 a1b2  a2b1
cos   and tan  a a  b b d) Parallelogram if d1  d 2 and aa1  bb1  0
a12  b12 a22  b22 1 2 1 2
i) The area of triangle formed by the line
other angle between the lines is    x y 1
iii) The slope m of a line which is equally inclined with   1 with the co- ordinate axis is ab
a b 2
two intersecting lines of slopes m1 and m2 is given
ii) The area of triangle formed by line ax  by  c  0
m1  m m  m2
by 1  mm  1  m m c2
1 2 with the co - ordinate axes is 2 ab
iv) The slopes of the lines making an angle  with a
m  tan  m  tan  iii) Area of the rhombus a x  b y  c  0 is
line having slope m are ,
1  m tan  1  m tan  2c 2
v) Consider two lines L1  a1 x  b1 y  c1  0 and 4 area of  = ab
L2  a2x b2 y  c2  0 iv) The area of triangle formed by lines
a1 b1 2
a) Lines are parallel iff a  b ai x  bi y  ci  0, i  1, 2,3 is = 2  
2 2 1 2 3

a1 b1 c1 a1 b1 c1
b) Lines are coincident iff a  b  c a b2
2 2 2
where   a2 b2 c2 , 1  2 ,
c) Lines are perpendicular iff a1a2  b1b2  0 a3 b3
a3 b3 c3
a1 b1
d) Lines are equally inclined with x-axis if a   b a1 b1 a1 b1
2 2 2  ,3 
a3 b3 a2 b2
W.E-12: A straight line through (2, 2) intersects v) The area of triangle formed by lines
the lines 3 x  y  0 and 3 x - y  0 at the

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2
1  c1  c2   x1, y1  w.r.t the line ax  by  c  0 then
y  mi x  ci , i  1, 2,3 is
2
m  m2
1 h  x1 k  y1 2  ax1  by1  c 
  or
vi) If p1 , p2 are distances between parallel sides a b a2  b2
and ' ' is angle between adjacent sides of  h, k  = x1  a, y1  b where
p1 p2 2ax1  by1  c 
parallelogram then its area is sin  
a2  b2
vii) Area of parallelogram whose sides are iii) Image of (a , b) w.r.to y = x is (b , a )
a1x b1y c1  0, a1x b1y c2  0, a2x b2 y  d1  0 iv) Image of ( a , b ) w.r.to x + y = 0 is  b, a 
 c1  c2  d1  d2  v) If B is image of A w.r.to P then 2P = A + B
and a2 x  b2 y  d 2  0 is
a1b2  a2b1 vi) Reflection of f  x, y   0 in x-axis is f  x,  y   0
1 vii) Reflection of f  x, y   0 in y-axis is f x, y   0
viii) Area of rhombus = d d where d1,d2 are lengths
2 1 2
of the diagonals viii) Reflection of f  x, y   0 in x = y is f  y, x  0
ix) Image of the line ax+by+c = 0 w.r.t line lx+my+n
W.E-13: The triangle formed by the lines
x-7y-22=0, 3x+4y+9=0, 7x+y-54=0 is =0 (or) the straight line lx+my+n=0 bisects an angle
Sol: by using between the two lines of which one of them is
ax+by+c=0 then equation of other line is
a2 b2 a3 b3 a b
a12 b12 : a22 b22 : a32 b32 1 1 l 2
 m 2   ax  by  c  =2(al+bm) (lx+my+n)
a3 b3 a1 b1 a2 b2
we get 1: 2 :1 hence the triangle is right angled W.E-15 : In ABC A is (1,2) if the internal angle
isosceles. bisector of B is 2x-y+10=0 and perpendicular
bisector of AC is y=x then the equation of BC
W.E-14: If the distance of any point P(x, y) from is
the origin is defined as d(x, y) = Max. |x|, |y| Sol: Image of A w.r.to bisector of B is (-7,6) lies on BC
and d(x, y) = a (non zero constant), then the and image of A in the perpendicular bisector of AC
locus of the P is is C(2,1).  equation of BC is 5x+9y-19=0
Sol: d(x, y)=Max. |x|, |y| .....(i)But d(x, y)=a ..... (ii) CENTROID, CIRCUMCENTRE,
From (i) and (ii), a = Max. |x|, |y| ORTHOCENTRE AND INCENTRE
If |x| > |y|, then a = |x|  x = ± a i) Let A  x1 , y1  , B  x2 , y2  , C  x3 , y3  be vertices
If |y| > |x|, then a = |y|  y = ± a
Hence locus of P represents a square. of ABC then,
 Foot and Image: a) Equation of altitude through A is
i) If  h, k  is the foot of the perpendicular from  x1, y1   x  x1  x2  x3    y  y1   y2  y3   0
to the line ax  by  c  0 then b) Equation of perpendicular bisector of the side
h  x1 k  y1   ax1  by1  c  AB is
a

b

a2  b2
or  h, k 
2 x  x2  x1  x2  x3   2 y  y2  y1 
ax1  by1  c 
= x1  a, y1  b where     x22  x12    y22  y12 
a2  b 2

ii) If  h, k  is the image (reflection ) of the point c) Orthocentre of  ABC is

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x1  4  1
 x1 tan A x2 tan B  x3 tanC y1 tan A y2 tan B  y3 tanC    4  x1  7
 ,  3
 tanAtanB  tanC tanA tanB  tanC  Since B(x1, y1) lies on x + y = 5
d) Circum centre of ABC is  y1 = 5 – x1 = 5 – 7 = –2  B is (7, –2),
A(1, 2)

 x1 sin2A x2 sin2B  x3 sin2C y1 sin2A y2 sin2B  y3 sin2C 

 , 
 sin2Asin2B sin2C sin2Asin2B sin2C  G(4, 1)

ii) The equations of the sides BC,CAandAB of the 5

x=
4
=
triangle ABC formed by the lines x +y

B(x1, y1) C(4, y)

Li  a i x  bi y  ci  0 (i=1,2,3) then
a) Orthocentre is the point of intersection of lines y1  y  2
Also  1  y  3  2  y1  C is (4, 3)
i.e.,  a2a3 b2b3  L1   a3a1 bb 3
3 1  L2   aa 1 2  L3
1 2 bb
Angular bisectors of two straight lines
b) Median through A is 2 L2  3 L3  0
 Angular bisector of two intersecting lines is the
hence centroid satisfies 2 L2  3 L3  1 L1
locus of a point which moves in such a way so that
iii) If H is orthocentre of triangle ABC, then
its distance from two intersecting lines remains same.
orthocentre of triangle formed by any three of the
The equations of the two bisectors of the angles
points H,A,B,C will be the remaining point.
iv) Circumcentre is equidistant from the vertices of between the lines a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and
triangle
v) If G is the centroid, H is the orthocentre and S is a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 are
the circumcentre then a) The relation between them a 1x  b1 y  c1 a 2x  b2 y  c2
is 3G = 2S + H. b) H  3G when S   0, 0  2
a b 2 =± a 22  b 22
1 1
vi) Incentre is equidistant from all sides of the traingle.
0
c1 =

vii) In a triangle ABC, a) The internal bisector of angle

y+
1
+b

A, i.e., AD divides opposite side BC at D in the

a1 x

Q
M

ratio AB:AC b) The external bisector of angle A, P

D
i.e., AD divides opposite side BC at D in the ratio O
a2 x
+b
-AB:AC N 2 y+
c2 =
0
viii) If the algebraic sum of the perpendicular distances
from three points to a variable line is zero, then the
i) If the two given lines are not perpendicular i.e.
line passes through the centroid of the triangle a1a2+b1b2¹0 and not parallel i.e. a1b2¹a2b1 then one
formed by the three points. of these equations is the equation of the bisector of
the acute angle between two given lines and the
W.E-16: In a triangle ABC, coordinates of A are
other that of the obtuse angle between two given
(1, 2) and the equations to the medians lines.
through B and C are x + y = 5 and x = 4 ii) Whether both given lines are perpendicular or not,
respectively. Then the points B and C are but the angular bisectors of these lines will always
Sol: Let B(x1, y1) and C(4, y). Since medians through be mutually perpendicular.
B and C meet at Centroid G (4, 1) iii) The bisectors of the acute and the obtuse
angles: Take one of the lines and let its slope be

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m1 and take one of the bisectors and let its slope a 1x  b1 y  c1 a 2x  b2 y  c2

be m2. If  be the acute angle between them, then =+ for same sign
a12  b12 a 22  b 22
m1  m 2 of c1 and c2 (for opposite sign take –ve sign in place
find tan  = 1  m m
1 2 of +ve sign)
C vii) If c1c2 (a1a2 + b1b2) < 0, then the origin will lie in
the acute angle and if c1c2 (a1a2 + b1b2) > 0, then
N
origin will lie in the obtuse angle.
A
 viii) Equation of straight lines passing through P(x1, y1)
P(x, y)
and equally inclined with the lines a1x + b1y + c1= 0
M
and a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 are those which are parallel
to the bisectors between these two lines and passing
B
through the point P.
If tan  > 1 then the bisector taken is the bisector W.E-17 : For the straight lines 4x + 3y – 6 = 0 and
of the obtuse angle and the other one will be the 5x + 12y + 9 = 0, find the equation of the -
bisector of the acute angle. (i) Bisector of the obtuse angle between them is
If 0 < tan  < 1 then the bisector taken is the ii) Bisector of the acute angle between them is
bisector of the acute angle and the other one will (iii) Bisector of the angle which contains origin is
be the bisector of the obtuse angles. (iv) Bisector of the angle which contains (1, 2) is
iv) consider the lines are a 1 x+b 1 y+c 1 =0 and Sol: after making c1 >0 and c2 >0 ;
a1a2+b1b2 = (-4)(5)+(-3)(12) = -56 <0
a 2 x+b 2 y+c 2 =0, where c1  0, c2  0 then,
i) The bisector of the acute angle is
a1 x  b1 y  c1 a 2x  b2 y  c2  4 x  3y  6 5x  12 y  9
 will represent the
2
a b 2 2
a b 2 2 = 2 =7x+9y–3= 0
1 1 2 2 (4)  (3) 52  12 2
equation of the bisector of the acute or obtuse angle ii) The bisector of the obtuse angle is
between the lines according as a1a2 + b1b2 is
 4 x  3y  6 5x 12 y  9
negative or positive. 2 = 2 = 9x–7y–41=0
(4)  (3) 52 122
v) The equation of the bisector of the angle which
(iii) The bisector of the angle containing the origin
contains a given point:The equation of the
bisector of the angle between the two lines  4 x  3y  6 5x  12 y  9
2 = 2
a 1x  b1 y  c1 (4)  (3) 52  12 2
containing the point  x1 , y1  is =
a12  b12 7x + 9y – 3 = 0
(iv) For the point (1, 2),
a 2x  b2 y  c2 a 1x  b1 y  c1 a 2x  b2 y  c2 4x + 3y – 6 = 4 × 1 + 3 × 2 – 6 > 0
or =– 5x + 12y + 9 = 12× 2 + 9 > 0
a 22  b 22 a12  b12 a 22  b 22
Hence equation of the bisector of the angle containing
according as a1x1 + b1y1 + c1 and a2x1 + b2y1 + c2 the point (1, 2) is
are of the same signs or of opposite signs. 4 x  3y  6 5x  12 y  9
=
vi) For example the equation of the bisector of the angle 5 13
containing the origin is given by 9x – 7y – 41 = 0

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Optimization:  No of right angled traingles in a circle depends on

 Let A and B are two points on same side of line
L  ax  by  c  0
i) The point P such that PA + PB is minimum, is
intersection of L = 0 and the line joining A to image
of B or line joining B to image of A w.r.to L = 0
height h of the traingle and radius r of the circle
a) If h = r, no. of right angled traingles = 2
b) If h < r, no. of right angled traingles = 4
c) If h > r, no. of right angled traingles = 0

ii) The point is P such that PA  PB is Maximum, is Ø No. of circles touching three lines
point of intersection of line L = 0 and line joining A a) No circle if the lines are parallel
and B. b) one circle if the lines are concurrent
W.E-18: A light ray emerging from the point source c) 2 circles if two lines are parallel and third cuts them
placed at P(2, 3) is reflected at a point ‘Q’ on
d) 4 circles if the lines are not concurrent and no two
the y-axis and then passes through the point
of them are parallel.
R(5, 10). Coordinate of ‘Q’ is -
W.E-19: Let A= (1,2), B= (3,4) and C=(x,y) be a
Sol: Image of point P(2,3) in Y-axis is P1  2,3
point such that(x–1) (x–3)+(y–2)(y–4)=0. If
1
Eq. of P R  y  3  1 x  2  = x  y  5  0 area of  ABC=1 then maximum number of
positions of C in the xy plane is
P1R meets the Y-axis at Q(0,5)
Sol: Ends of diameter are A= (1,2), B= (3,4)
Reflection in surface:
Area of the triangle is equal to 1
N
1 1
I R

2
 
2 2  h  =1  h 
2


AB 5
  Tangent radius = 
P 2 2
 number of traingles= 4 ( h < r)
IP = incident ray ; PN = normal to the surface  Image of orthocentre of  ABC w.r.t. a side of the
PR = reflected ray triangle lies on circumcircle of  ABC
 IPN =  NPR Proof:
 Angle of incident = Angle of reflection A

No. of lines, no. of triangles and no.

of circles:
 No. of lines drawn through the point A which are at H

a distance d from the point B

90°–c D c
B C
a) If AB = d then the no. of lines through A at a 90°–c c

distance d from B is 1
From diagram,D BHD, D BTDare congruent
b) If AB>d then the no. of lines through A at a
distance d from B is 2 triangles  T is image of H w.r.t. BC
c) If AB<d then the no. of lines through A at a
distance d from B is 0

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 If the perpendicular bisectors of sides AB , AC are  2r  a  b  c

perpendicular then i)  BAC is 900 ii) point of  2 R  2r  a  b
intersection of the perpendicular bisectors is mid
 If the sides BC , CA and AB of a triangle ABC
point of BC are divided by the points D,E,F in the same ratio,
Proof : then the centroids of  ABC,  DEF are coincide.
A
Proof : Let the points D,E,F divides BC , CA and AB
90° in the ratio of 1 :  respectively..
  x  x3  y2  y3    x  x1  y3  y1 
D   2 , ,E   3 , 
   1  1    1   1 
90° 90° 90°

B C
  x  x2  y1  y2 
F   1 , 
   1   1 
 For an equilateral  ABC , ex-centres I1 , I 2 and Centroid of  D E F = Centroid of  ABC
I 3 are images of A,B and C w.r.t. BC , CA & AB  x1  x2  x3 y1  y2  y3 
=  , 
respectively  3 3 
Proof :  BAC ,  B I 1C are similar triangles.  In an isosceles triangle the sum of the distances from
any point of the base to the lateral sides is constant.
 I1 is image of A w.r.t. BC A
Proof :
A

30°30°

60° 60° h1 h2
B C
60° 60° B C
P
Let P be a point of BC ,

Let h1 , h 2 are r distances from P to AB, AC

I1
1
 In a right angled triangle, the sum of the lengths of area of ABP, 1  AB h1
the legs is equal to the sum of the diameters of the 2
inscribed and the circumscribed circles. 1
area of ACP, 2  AC h2
Proof : 2
2 2 2 1
B
h1  h2  1  2    .  AC h
AC AC AC 2
h1  h2  h ( h is altitude from B to AC )
a c

sum of the distances is equal to the length of altitude

drawn to a lateral side of the triangle.
b A
C

c =2R ( R is circumradius )  The line in the family of lines L1   L2  0 which

is at maximum distance from a point P is
In-radius = r = ( s-c ) tan C/2
perpendicular to PA , where A is point concurrence
of the family of lines.
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C. U .Q 3) Form a right angled triangle

1. The straight line through A(a,b) intersects the 4) Form an isosceles triangle
line through B(c,d) at ‘P’ at right angles. The 8. If the lines
locus of P is p1x  q1 y  1, p2 x  q2 y  1and p3 x  q3 y  1
1) (x–a)(x–c)+(y–b)(y–d)=0
2) (x–a)(x–c)-(y–b)(y–d)=0 be concurrent, then the points
3) (x–b)(x–d)+(y–a)(y–d)=0  p1 , q1  ,  p2 , q2  and  p3 , q3  ,
4) (x–b)(x–d)+(y–a)(y–c)=0 1) are collinear
2. If ax+by+c=0 is parallel to x-axis then which
2) form an equilateral triangle
of the following is defined
3) form a scalene triangle
2 2
a c
2 2 2
b c
2
4b  c ac
2
4) form a right angled triangle
1) 2 2
2) 2
3) 4) 9. m  a1x+b1y+c1=0 and l  a2x+b2y+c2=0 are
c b a abc a
a1 b1 c1
3. The straightline ax  by  c  0  a, b, c  0  will two straight lines such that a  b  c then
2 2 2
pass through the first quadrant and cut the
positive x-axis, if m + kl = 0, k  R is
1) ac  0, bc  0 2) ac  0, bc  0 1) a straight line different from m and l
3) ac  0 and / or bc  0 2) not a straight line
3) is a straight line concurrent with m and l
4) ac  0 and / or bc  0
4) the same straight line m = 0
ax by c 10. If a and b are the intercepts made by the
4 If 2 2
+ 2 2
= 2 2
is straight line on the coordinate axes such that
a b a b a b
perpendicular form of a straight line then 1 1 1
  then the line passes through point
1) a, b, c  0 2) a  0, b  0, c  0 a b c

3) c < 0 4) a, b  0, c  0 1 1 c c
5. The straight line passing through P(x1,y1) and 1) (1,1) 2) (c,c) 3)  ,  4)  , 
c c a a
making an angle  with x-axis intersects 11. The orthocentre of the triangle formed by the
Ax+By+C=0 in Q then PQ=
points A  a cos  , a sin  
Ax 1  By 1  C Ax1  By1  C
1) 2 2
2) B  a cos  , a sin   C  a cos  , a sin   is
A  B A cos   B sin 
1) (cos  +cos  +cos  , sin  +sin  +sin  )
Ax1  By1  C Ax1  By1  C 2) a cos cos  cos  , a sin sin  sin  
3) 4) 2 2 2 2
A cos   B sin 
A cos   B sin 
3. a cos sin  sin  , a sin cos  cos  
6. If a+b+c  0, ax+by+c=0 bx+cy+a=0,
cx+ay+b=0 are concurrent then 4. (cos  cos  cos  , sin  sin  sin  )
2 2 2
12. (a, b), (c, d), (e, f) are the vertices of an
a  b  c
= equilateral triangle. Then the orthocentre of
ab  bc  ca the triangle is
1) 1/2 2) 2 3) 1 4) 0
7. The lines a df bce ace bdf 
1)  ,  2)  , 
(a+b-2c)x+(b+c-2a)y+(c+a-2b)=0,  3 3   3 3 
(b+c-2a)x+(c+a-2b)y+(a+b-2c)=0 and
acf bde a bc def 
(c+a-2b)x+(a+b-2c)y+(b+c-2a)=0 where 3)  ,  4)  , 
a,b,c,real numbers  3 3   3 3 
1) Form an equilateral triangle 13. A triangle is formed by the lines ax+by+c=0
2) Concurrent lx+my+n=0, px+qy+r=0, then the straight line

286 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I STRAIGHT LINES

(ax+by+c)(lp+mq)= (lx+my+n) (ap+bq) passes EXERCISE - I (C.W)

through .......... of the triangle.
SLOPE OF A LINE
1) Incentre 2) Circumcentre 1. If the line passing through the points
3) Orthocentre 4) Centroid (-8,3) (2,1) is parallel to the line passing
14. The area of the triangle formed by the lines through the points (11,-1) (k,0) then the value
y = m1x + c1,y = m2x+c2 and x=0 is of k is
1) 5 2) 7 3) 5/2 4) 6
2
| c1  c2 | (c1  c2 ) 2. If each of the points (a,4),(-2,b) lies on the line
1) 2 | m  m | 2) 2 joining the points (2,-1),(5,-3),then the point
1 2 2( m2  m1 )
(a,b) lies on line
1) 6x+6y-25=0 2) x+3y+1=0
(c1  c2 )2 (c1  c2 )2
3) 4) 3) 2x+6y+1=0 4) 2x+3y-5=0
2 | m1  m2 | | m2  m1 | 3. If the lines y = – 3x + 4, ay = x + 10 and
C.U.Q - KEY 2y + bx + 9 = 0 represent three consecutive
sides of a rectangle then ab =
1) 1 2) 1 3) 4 4) 3 5) 3 6) 3 7) 2
1 1
8) 1 9) 4 10) 2 11) 2 12) 2 13) 3 14) 3 1) 18 2) –3 3) 4)
2 3
C.U.Q - HINTS SLOPE-INTERCEPT FORM,SLOPE-POINT
1. Locus of P is a circle with end points of the diameter FORM AND TWO-POINT FORM
A,B
4. The equation of the straight line cutting off an
2. Line parellel to x-axis intercept 8 on x–axis and making an angle of
 x-coeffient =0 600 with the positive direction of y –axis is
c 1) x  3y  8  0 2) x  3 y  8
3.  0
a 3) y  3 x  8 4) y  3x  8
4. x cos   y sin   p, where p  0 5. If (-4,5) is one vertex and 7x-y+8=0 is one
diagonal of a square, then the equation of the
5. let PQ = r
other diagonal is
Q  x1  r cos , y1  r sin   sub in Ax+By+C=0 . 1) x+7y-31=0 2) x+7y-15=0
3) x+7y+8=0 4) x+7y-35=0
6. a 3  b 3  c 3  3abc  0
INTERCEPTS AND INTERCEPT FORM
a  b  ca 2
 b  c  ab  bc  ca   0
2 2
6. Equation of a line which passes through the
point (-3,8) and cut off positive intercepts on
7. L1  L2  L3  0 the axes whose sum is 7 is
8. Area = 0 1) 3x-4y=12 2) 4x+3y=12
3) 3x+4y=12 4) 4x-3y=12
9. m  0, l  0 represent coincident lines 7. The number of lines that are parallel to
c c 2x+6y–7=0 and have an intercept 10 between
10.  1 the co-ordinate axes is
a b 1) 1 2) 2 3) 4 4) infinitely many
11. If S= 0 then H = 3G 8. If the line (x-y+1) + k (y-2x+4) = 0 makes equal
12. S=G intercept on the axes then the value of k is
13. Given equation is altitude 1) 1/ 3 2) 3/ 4 3) 1/ 2 4) 2 / 3
14. Use area of triangle formula
NORMAL FORM AND SYMMETRIC

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FORM AND CONCURRENCY OF LINES

9. The equation of set of lines which are at a 18. If the lines ax+by+c = 0, bx+cy+a = 0 and
constant distance 2 units from the origin is cx+ay+b=0 a  b  c are concurrent then the
1) x+y+2=0 2) x+y+4=0 point of concurrency is
3) xcos  + ysin  = 2 4) xcos  +ysin  = ½ 1) (0,0) 2) (1,1) 3) (2,2) 4) (-1,-1)
10. The slope of a straight line through A(3,2) is 19. If the lines 3x+2y-5=0, 2x-5y+3=0, 5x+by+c=0
3/4 then the coordinates of the two points on are concurrent then b+c =
the line that are 5 units away from A are 1) 7 2) -5 3) 6 4) 9
1) (-7,5) (1,-1) 2) (7,5) (-1,-1) 20. The lines (p-q) x + (q-r) y + (r-p) = 0
3) (6,9) (-2,4) 4) (7,3) (-2,1) (q-r)x+(r-p) y + (p-q) = 0, (r-p)x+(p-q)y+(q-r)=0
1) Form an equilaterial triangle
PROBLEMS ON DISTANCES 2) Form an Isosceles triangle 3) are Concurrent
11. The length of the perpendicular from the point 4) Form a right angled triangle
(0,0) to the straight line passing through P(1,2) 21. If 2 is a root of ax 2 +bx+c=0 then point of
such that P bisects the intercepted part concurrence of lines ax+2by+3c=0 is
between axes 1) (12,3) 2) (4,2) 3) (1,2) 4) (2, 3)
22. For all values of ‘a’ the set of straight lines
1) 5 2)4 3) 4 / 5 4) 5 / 4 (3a+1) x - (2a+3) y + 9-a=0 passes through
12. Radius of the circle touching the lines 3x+4y- the point
14=0, 6x+8y+7=0 is (EAM- 2011) 1) (3, 4) 2) (4,2) 3) (3,3) 4) (1,2)
7 7 7 23. Equation of the line passing through the point
1) 7 2) 3) 4) of intersection of the lines 2x+3y-1=0,
2 4 6
13. The distance between the parallel lines givenby 3x+4y-6=0 and perpendicular to 5x-2y-7=0 is
2
( EAM- 2009)
 x  7 y   4 2  x  7 y   42  0 is(EAM- 12) 1) 2x+5y-19=0 2) 2x+5y+17=0
1)1 2)5 3)6 4)2 3) 2x+5y-16=0 4) 2x+5y-22=0
14. Equation of the straight line parallel to ANGLE BETWEEN LINES
x+2y-5=0 and at the same distance from (3,2)is
1) x+2y-8=0 2) x+2y+9=0 24. If 2 x  3 y  4  0 &  x  ky  2  0 are
3) x+2y-9=0 4) x+2y-7=0 identical lines then 3  2k 
15. If the straight line drawn through the point 1) 1 2) 0 3) -1 4) 2
 25. The angle between the diagonals of a
 
P 3, 2 making an angle
6
with x-axis
x y
quadrilateral formed by the lines   1,
meets the line 3 x-4y+8=0 at Q. Then PQ is a b
1) 4 2) 5 3) 6 4) 9 x y x y x y
  1,   2,   2 is
POSITION OF A POINT(S) W.R.T. LINE(S) b a a b b a
16. If the line 3x+4y-8=0 is denoted by L, then    
the points (2,-5),(-5,2) 1) 2) 3) 4)
4 6 3 2
1) lie on L 2) lie on same side of L
3) lie on opposite sides of L 4) equidistant from L TRIANGLES AND AREA OF THE
17. The vertices of a triangle are O(0.0),B(-3,-1), TRIANGLE:
C(-1,-3). The equation of the line parallel to 26. The triangle formed by the lines
BC and intersecting the sides OB and OC
whose perpendicular distance from O is 1/2 is 3 x  y  2  0, 3 x  y  1  0 , y=0 is
1) x + y = 1 / 2 2) x + y = -1/ 2 1) Equilateral 2) Right angled
3) x + y = -1/2 4) x + y = 1/2 3) Right angled isosceles 4) Isosceles
POINT OF INTERSECTION OF LINES 27. The area of the triangle formed by the lines

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x=0; y=0 and x sin180  y cos360  1  0 is 35. Image of the curve x 2  y 2  1 in the line
1)1 2)2 3)3 4)4 x  y  1 is
28. If a straight line perpendicular to
3x-4y-6=0 forms a triangle with the coordinate 1) x 2  y 2  2 x  2 y  1  0
axes whose area is 6sq. units, then the equation 2) x 2  y 2  2 x  2 y  1  0
of the straight line (s) is (EAM- 2014)
1) x-2y=6 2) 4x+3y=12 3) x 2  y 2  2 x  2 y  1  0
3) 4x+3y+24=0 4) 3x-4y=12 4) x 2  y 2  2 x  2 y  1  0
29. The equation of base of an equilateral triangle
is x+y=2 and the vertex is (2, -1). Then area of
36. Image of (1,2) w.r.t. (-2,-1) is
triangle is 1) (0,5) 2) (-4,-3) 3) (-5,-4) 4) (-4,-5)
37. The image of the point (-2,-7) under the
1) 2 3 2) 3/6 3) 1 3 4) 2 3 transformation (x,y)  (x-2y,-3x+y) is
QUADRILATERALS AND AREA OF THE 1) (–12,1) 2) (12,–1) 3)(–12,–1) 4) (12,1)
QUADRILATERALS CENTROID, CIRCUMCENTRE,
30. The quadrilateral formed by the lines ORTHOCENTRE AND INCENTRE
2x-5y+7=0, 5x+2y-1=0, 2x-5y+2=0,
5x+2y+3=0 is 38. The algebraic sum of the perpendicular
1) Rectangle 2) Square distances from the vertices of a triangle to a
3) Parallelogram 4) Rhombus variable line is ‘O’, then the line passes
31. The diagonals of a parallelogram PQRS are through the ------ of the triangle
1) Incentre 2) Centroid
along the lines x  3 y  4 and 6 x  2 y  7.
3) Orthocentre 4) Circumcentre
Then PQRS must be : 39. A(1,-1) B(4,-1) C(4,3) are the vertices of a
1) rectangle 2) square triangle. Then the equation of the altitude
3) cyclic quadrilateral 4) rhombus through the vertex ‘A’ is
FOOT AND IMAGE 1) x = 4 2) y = 4 3) y + 1= 0 4) x =1
40. The equations of the sides of a triangle are
32. Foot of the perpendicular of origin on the line
x-3y=0, 4x+3y=5, 3x+y=0. The line 3x-4y=0
joining the points  a cos   a sin   , passes through
1) Incentre 2) Centroid
 a cos   a sin   is 3) Orthocentre 4) Circumcentre
1)  cos   cos   sin   sin   41. Equation of a diameter of the circum circle of
the triangle formed by the lines
2)  cos   cos   sin   sin   3x+4y-7=0, 3x-y+5=0 and 8x-6y+1=0 is
1) 3x-y-5=0 2) 3x+y+5=0
3)  a  cos   cos   , a  sin   sin    3) 3x-y+5=0 4) 3x+y-5=0
 2 2  42. The incentre of the triangle formed by the lines
4)  cos  cos  ,sin  sin   x cos   y sin    , x cos   y sin    ,
33. Suppose A, B are two points on 2x-y+3=0 and x cos   y sin    is  h , k  then h  k =
P(1,2) is such that PA=PB. Then the mid point
of AB is 1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) 4

 1 , 13   7 , 9   7 9   7 ,  9  EXERCISE-I (C.W)-KEY
1)   2)   3)  ,  4)   1) 4 2) 3 3) 1 4) 2 5) 1 6) 2 7) 2
 5 5   5 5  5 5   5 5 
8)4 9) 3 10) 2 11) 3 12) 3 13) 4 14) 3
34. A line passing through the points  7, 2  ,  3, 2  15) 3 16) 2 17) 2 18) 2 19) 2 20) 3 21) 1
then the image of the line in x-axis is 22) 1 23) 2 24) 2 25) 4 26) 1 27) 2 28) 2
1) y = 4 2) y = 9 3) y = –1 4) y = –2 29) 2 30) 1 31) 4 32) 3 33) 1 34) 4 35) 4
36) 3 37) 2 38) 2 39) 3 40) 3 41) 3 42) 1

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EXERCISE-I (C.W)-HINTS 22. Solve 3 x  2 y  1  0 , x  3 y  9  0

1. Slopes of the parallel lines are equal 2
2. a=-11/2, b=5/3 23. intersecting point (14,-9) , m 
5
3. let the given sides are AB, BC, CD
2 3 4
AB || CD  b  6 24.  
 k 2
AB  BC  a  3 25. The quadrilateral formed by the lines is a rhombus
4. y  m( x  8), m  tan150 a b a b a b
5. Write the equation to a line perpendicular to 26. a12 b12 2 2 : a22 b22 3 3 : a32 b32 1 1
a b 3 3 a b 1 1 a b 2 2
7 x  y  8  0 and sub  4,5  2
c
6. Verification 27.   2 ab
7. Two lines parallel to any given line make intercept
of same length k between the axes in opposite 28. The line perpendicular to given line is
quadrants k2
8. m = -1 4x  3y  k  0  6
24
9. p = 2, x cos   y sin   2 2
p
10.  x1, y1    3, 2  29. Area  where p is height of 
3
3 3 4 30. Adjacent sides are perpendicular and distance
tan   sin   , cos   between parallel sides are not equal.
4 5 5 31. Given equation of the diagonals of a parallelogram
 x, y    x1  r cos , y1  r sin   are at right angle. Hence it is a rhombus.
11. Eq. of the given line is 2x+y=4 32. Mid point becuase OA  OB
33. Apply foot of the perpendicular formula
4 34. Line equation y =2 Image with respect to x-axex
required distance= is y =-2
5
12. Distance between two parallel tangents of a circle 35. Image of (0,0) in line is (1,1)
2 2
= Diameter  image circle is  x  1   y  1  1
13. Find the distance between 36. The image of (x1,y1) w.r.to(x,y) is
x  7 y  3 2  0 and x  7 y  7 2  0 (2x-x1,2y-y1)
14. Verification 37. apply given condition
38. Algebric sum of the distances from the three non
ax1  by1  c collinear points to variable line is zero then the line
15. passing through centroid of the triangle formed by
a cos   b sin 
this points.
16. Use m : n   L11 : L22 39. AB  BC
17. line parallel to BC is x+y=k 40. Given lines form a right angle triangle
41. Hypotenuse is diameter
k 1 1 42. (0,0) is equidistance from sides
from given data  k 
2 2 2 EXERCISE- I (H.W)
( O,B are opposite sides of the line)
a b c SLOPE OF A LINE
b c a 0 1
18. a+b+c=0 1. If the slope of a line is then its inclination
c a b 3
is
3 2 5
 5 2 3
2 5 3 0 1) 2. 3. 4.
19. 3 6 3 4
5 b c
2. If the straight line (3x+4y+5)+k(x+2y-3)=0 is
20. L1  L2  L3  0 parallel to x-axis then the value of k is
21. 4a+2b+c=0 & ax+2by+3c=0 1) 1 2) -3 3) 4 4) 2

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3. Number of straight lines passing through 13. The distance between the parallel lines
(1, 3),(7, -3),(5, -1),(6, -2) is 8x+6y+5=0 and 4x+3y-25=0 is
1) 2 2) 4c2 3) 4p2 4) 4c4. 1) 7/2 2) 9/2 3) 11/2 4) 5/4
SLOPE-INTERCEPT FORM,SLOPE-POINT 14. The equation of the line which is parallel to
FORM AND TWO-POINT FORM 5x+12y+1=0 and 5x+12y+7=0 and lying
midway between them is
4. The equation of the horizontal line passing 1) 5x+12y+13=0 2) 5x+12y-4=0
through the point (4,-7) is 3) 5x+12y+4=0 4) 5x+12y-6=0
1) y-7=0 2) y+7=0 3) y-4=0 4) y+4=0 15. The point on the line x + y = 4 that lies at a unit
5. The equation of the straight line making an distance from the line 4x + 3y - 10 = 0 is
intercept of 3 units on the y-axis and inclined 1) (1,3) 2) (-7,11) 3) (11,-7) 4.(2,2)
at 450 to the x-axis is
1) y=x-1 2) y= x+3 3) y=45x+3 4) y = x+45 POSITION OF A POINT (S) W.R.T. LINE (S)
INTERCEPTS AND INTERCEPT FORM 16. The ratio in which the line 3x+4y-7=0 divides
the line joining the points (1,2) (2,3) is
6. Equation of the line having intercepts a,b on 1) 4:11 Internally 2) 4:11 Externally
21 3) 7:11 Internally 4) 7:11 Externally
the axes such that a+b=5 and ab = is 17. The line segment joining the points (1,2) and
4
1) 3x+2y=6 2) 2x+3y=6 (k,1) is divided by the line 3 x  4 y  7  0 in the
3) 14x+6y=21 4) x+4y=4 ratio 4:9 then k is
7. x intercept of the line parallel to 4x+7y=9 and 1) 2 2) -2 3) 3 4) -3
passing through (2,3) is
1) 25/4 2) 17/4 3) 29/4 4) 29/7 POINT OF INTERSECTION OF LINES
8. A straight line meet the axes in A and B such AND CONCURRENCY OF LINES: PP
that the centroid of triangle OAB is (a,a). Then 18. If the point of intersection of kx+4y+2=0,
the equation of the line AB is x-3y+5=0 lies on 2x+7y-3=0 then k=
1) x+y=a 2) x-y=3a 3) x+y=2a 4) x+y=3a 1) 2 2) 3 3)-2 4) -3
NORMAL FORM AND SYMMETRIC 19. The lines px  qy  r  0 , qx  ry  p  0 ,
FORM rx  py  q  0 , are concurrant then
9. Equation of the line on which the length of the 1) p  q  r  0 2) p3  q3  r3  3pqr
perpendicular from origin is 5 and the angle
which this perpendicular makes with the x axis 3) p 2  q 2  r 2  pq  qr  rp  0
is 60O 4) All the above
20. The point of concurrence of the lines
1) x  3 y  12 2) 3 x  y  10
x y x y
3) x  3 y  8 4) x  3 y  10   1,   1, x = y is
3 4 4 3
10. A point on line x  y  1  0 at a distance 2 2
4 4 2 2  12 12   7 7 
1)  ,  2)  ,  3)  ,  4)  , 
from the point 1, 2  is 3 3 7 7  7 7   12 12 
1)  3, 4  2)  3,0  3)  1, 4  4)  0,1 21. If 4a+5b+6c=0 then the set of lines ax+by+c=0
are concurrent at the point
PROBLEMS ON DISTANCES 2 5 1 1 1 4 1 7
11. The perpendicular distance from (1,2) to the 1)  ,  2)  ,  3)  ,  4)  , 
3 6 3 2 2 3 3 3
straight line 12x+5y=7 is 22. Let a and b be nonzero reals . Then the
1) 15/13 2) 12/13 3) 5/13 4) 7/13 equation of the line passing through the origin
12. The vertices of a triangle are A(5,6) and the point of inter section of x/a+y/b=1 and
B(1, -4) C(-4,0) then the length of the altitude x/b + y/a=1
through the vertex A is 1) ax+by=0 2) bx+ay=0 3) y-x=0 4) x+y=0
66 55 17 19
1) 2) 3) 4)
41 41 5 5
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23. The line which is concurrent with the lines 31. The equations of two sides of a square whose
2x + 3y = 7, 2x = 3y + 1 and passing through area is 25 sq.units are 3x-4y=0 and 4x+3y=0.
the origin is The equation of other two sides of the square
1) x+2y=0 2) x–2y=0 3) 2x+y=0 4) 2x–y=0 are
ANGLE BETWEEN LINES 1) 3x – 4y  25 = 0, 4x + 3y  25 = 0
2) 3x – 4y  5 = 0, 4x + 3y  5 = 0
24. If  is an acute angle between the lines 3) 3x – 4y  5 = 0, 4x + 3y  25 = 0
y=2x+3, y=x+1 then the value of tan  = 4) 3x – 4y = 0, 4x + 3y = 0
1) 2/3 2) 1/3 3) 3/4 4) 1/2
FOOT AND IMAGE
25. The angle between the lines kx+y+9=0,
y-3x=4 is 45O then the value of k is(EAM- 2007) 32. If 2x+3y=5 is the perpendicular bisector of the
1) 2 or ½ 2) 2 or -1/2 1
3) -2 of ½ 4) -2 or -1/2 line segment joining the points A (1, ) and B
3
TRIANGLES AND AREA OF THE then B= ( EAM- 2013)
TRIANGLE
 21 49   17 31 
26. The straight lines x + y = 0, 3x + y – 4 = 0 and 1)  ,  2)  , 
x+3y–4=0 form a triangle which is
 13 39   13 39 
1) isosceles 2) right angled
 7 49   21 31 
3) equilateral 4) right angled isosceles triangle 3)  ,  4)  , 
27. If a, c, b are three terms of a G..P., then the  13 39   13 39 
line ax + by +c =0 33. If (2, -3) is the foot of the perpendicular from
1) has a fixed direction (-4, 5) on a line then its equation is
2) always passes through a fixed point 1) 3x-4y+28=0 2) 3x-4y-18=0
3) forms a triangle with the axes whose area is 3) 3x-4y+18=0 4) 3x-4y-17=0
constant 34. If (-2, 6) is the image of the point (4,2) with
4) always cuts intercepts on the axes such that their respect to the line L=0, then L= (EAM- 2014)
sum is zero 1) 6x-4y-7=0 2) 2x+3y-5=0
28. Area enclosed by the co-ordinate axes and the 3) 3x - 2y+5=0 4) 3x-2y+10=0
line passing through the points (8,-3), 35. One vertex of a square ABCD is A(-1,1) and
(-4,12) is the equation of one diagonal BD is 3x+y-8=0
98 49 24 17 then C=
1) 2) 3) 4) 1) (-5,3) 2) (5,3) 3) (-5,-3) 4) (2,5)
5 5 25 8
29. A straight line L is perpendicular to the line 36. The reflection of the point (6,8) in the line x=y
4x-2y=1 and forms a triangle of area 4 sq.units is
with coordinate axes then, an equation of L is 1) (4,2) 2) (-6,-8) 3) (-8,-10) 4) (8,6)
1) 2x+4y+8=0 2) 2x-4y+8=0 CENTROID, CIRCUMCENTRE,
3) 2x+4y+7=0 4) 4x-2y-7=0 ORTHOCENTRE AND INCENTRE
QUADRILATERALS AND AREA OF THE 37. The vertices of a triangle are (2,0) (0,2) (4,6)
QUADRILATERALS then the equation of the median through the
30. A square of area 25 sq.units is formed by taking vertex (2,0) is
1) x+y-2=0 2)x=2 3) x+2y-2=0 4) 2x+y-4=0
two sides as 3x  4 y  k1 and 3x  4 y  k2 then 38. If the algebraic sum of the perpendicular
k1  k2  distances from the points (2,0) (0,2) and (4,4)
to a variable line is ‘O’, then the line passes
1) 5 2) 1 3) 25 4) 125 through the fixed point
1) (1,1) 2) (3,3) 3) (2,2) 4) (0,0)

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39. If the equations of the three sides of a triangle  p  q  r   p 2  q 2  r 2  pq  qr  rp   0

are x  y  1, 3 x  5 y  2 and x  y  0 then
 12 12 
the orthocentre of the triangle lies on the line 20. Point of intersection is  , 
7 7
1) 5 x  3 y  2 2) 3 x  5 y  1  0
4 5
3) 2 x  3 y  1 4) 5 x  3 y  1 21. a    b    c  0
6 6
40. Circum centre of the triangle formed by the
lines x+y=0, 2x+y+5=0, x-y=2 is x y x y
22. Intersecting point of   1 and   1 is
1) (-2, -1) 2) (-3, 1) 3) (-4, 3) 4)(-1, -3) a b b a
41. The incentre of the triangle formed by the lines  ab ab 
 , 
3x + 4y =10, 5x + 12y =26, 7x+24y=50 is  a b a b 
23. point of intersection of given lines is (2,1)
 ,   then    =
1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) 4 m1  m2 m1  m2
24. tan   25. tan   =1
1  m1m2 1  m1m2
EXERCISE-I(H.W) - KEY
1) 2 2) 2 3) 4 4) 2 5) 2 6) 3 7) 3 3 1 1 3 1 1
26. 11 : 32  12 : 12  32
8) 4 9) 4 10) 1 11) 1 12) 1 13) 3 14) 3 1 3 1 1 3 1
15) 2 16) 2 17) 2 18) 2 19) 4 20) 3 21) 1
c2 1
22) 3 23) 2 24) 2 25) 2 26) 1 27) 3 28) 1 27. c  ab
2 ;   .
29) 1 30) 3 31) 1 32) 1 33) 2 34) 3 35) 2 2ab 2
36) 4 37) 2 38) 3 39) 4 40) 2 41) 1 c2
28. The line equation is 5 x  4 y  28  0 ,  
2 ab
EXERCISE-I(H.W) - HINTS 29. 2x+y+k=0 forms a triangle of area 4.
1 k1  k2
1. tan   2. Coefficient of x = 0  5  k1  k2  25
3 30.
5
3. Given points are collinear
32. B is image of A
4. y  y1 5. y  mx  c 6. a =3/2, b=7/2
33. Line is perpendicular to AB
4 34. Required line is the perpendicular bisector of given
7. y 3   x  2  , Put y = 0 points.
7
   35. Image of A w.r.to diagonal BD is C
8. Intercepts  ,  ;  ,    a, a  36. The reflection of the point ( a,b) in the line x=y is
3 3 (b,a)
0
9. P  5,  60 ; x cos   y sin   P
37. A  2,0  B  0, 2  C  4,6  ; mid point of BC is
10. P  x1  r cos   y1  r sin   with r  2 2,     
11. The perpendicular distance from  x1 , y1  to the D  2,4  ; Equation of AD is x  2
ax1  by1  c 38. Centroid
straight line ax  by  c  0 is 39&40. given lines form a right angled triangle
a 2  b2 41.Incentre is equidistance from sides,Hence I=(0,0 )
12. Find the perpendicular distance from A to BC
c c c1  c2 EXERCISE-II (C.W)
13. d 1 2 14. ax  by  0
2 2
a b 2 SLOPE OF A LINE
16. Use m : n   L11 : L22 1. The lines p( p 2  1) x  y  q  0 and
L11 4
17. - L  9  3  3k  9 ( p 2  1) 2 x  ( p 2  1) y  2q  0 are perpen-
22 dicular to a common line for [AIEEE - 2009]
k 4 2 p q r 1) exactly one value of p
2) exactly two values of p
3 5 0 q r p 0
18. 1 19. 3) more than two values of p
2 7 3 r p q 4) no values of p

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2. The slope of the line passing through the 9. Equation of the line passing through (0, 1) and
having intercepts in the ratio 2 : 3 is
points  2,sin  , 1,cos  is 0 then general
1) 2x + 3y = 3 2) 2x – 3y + 3 = 0
solution of  3) 3x + 2y = 2 4) 2x – 3y – 3 = 0
  NORMAL FORM AND SYMMETRIC
1) n  , n  Z 2) n  , n  Z
4 4 FORM
 10. A straight line is such that its distance of 5
3) n  , n  Z 4) n , n  Z units from the origin and its inclination is 135O.
4
The intercepts of the line on the co-ordinate
SLOPE-INTERCEPT FORM, SLOPE- axes are
POINT FORM AND TWO-POINT
1) 5, 5 2) 2, 2
FORM:
3. The perpendicular bisector of the line segment 3) 5 2, 5 2 4) 5 / 2, 5 / 2
11. Angles made with the x - axis by two lines
joining P 1, 4  and Q  K ,3 has Y intercept -4. drawn through the point (1, 2) and cutting the
then a possible value of K is (AIEEE-2008)
1) -4 2) 1 3) 2 4) -2 2
line x + y = 4 at a distance from the point
4.  ( ,  ) lies on the line y=6x-1 and Q( ,  ) 3
lies on the line 2x-5y=5. Then the equation of (1,2) are
   3
the line PQ is 1) and 2) and
6 3 8 8
1) 2x+y=3 2) 3x+2y=5 3) x+y=6 4)3x+y=7
5. A line joining A(2,0) and B(3,1) is rotated about  5  
3) and 4) and
A in anticlock wise direction through angle 150 , 12 12 4 2
then the equation of AB in the new position is PROBLEMS ON DISTANCES
1) y = 3 x – 2 2) y = 3 (x –2) 12. Perpendicular distance from the origin to the
3) y = 3 (x + 2) 4) x – 2 = 3 y line joining the points (acos  ,asin  )
INTERCEPTS AND INTERCEPT FORM (acos  ,asin  ) is
  
6. The line 2x+3y=6, 2x+3y=8 cut the 1) 2a cos (  -  ) 2) a cos  
X-axis at A,B respectively. A line  2 
L = 0 drawn through the point (2,2) meets the      
X-axis at C in such a way that abscissa of 3) 4a cos   4) a cos  
 2   2 
A,B,C are in arithmetic Progression. then the 13. One side of an equilateral triangle is 3x+4y=7
equation of the line L is and its vertex is (1,2). Then the length of the
1) 2x+3y=10 2) 3x+2y=10 side of the triangle is
3) 2x-3y=10 4) 3x-2y=10
4 3 3 3 8 3 4 3
7. The sum of the intercepts cut off by the axes 1) 2) 3) 4)
17 16 15 15
on lines x  y  a , x  y  ar , x  y  ar 2 ,
14. Equation of the line through the point of
1 intersection of the lines 3x+2y+4=0 and
............ where a  0 and r 
2 2x+5y-1=0 whose distance from (2,-1) is 2.
1)2 a 2) a 2 3) 2 2a 4) a 1) 2x-y+5=0 2) 4x+3y+5=0
3) x+2=0 4) 3x+y+5=0
8. The equation of the straight line which bisects
15. If p,q denote the lengths of the perpendicu
the intercepts between the axes of the lines
lars from the origin on the lines
x + y = 2 and 2x + 3y = 6 is
x sec   y cos ec  a and
1) 2x = 3 2) y = 1 3) 2y = 3 4) x = 1
x cos   y sin   a cos 2 then ( Eam 2013)

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1) 4p2 q2  a2 2) p 2  q 2  a 2 POINT OF INTERSECTION OF LINES

3) p 2  2q 2  a 2 4) 4 p 2  q 2  2a 2
16. The distance between two parallel lines is p1-p
equation of one line is x cos   y sin   p
then the equation of the 2nd line is
1) xcos  + ysin  + p1 + 2p = 0
2) xcos  + ysin  = 2p1 - p
3) xcos  + ysin  = 0
4) xcos  + ysin  + p1 - 2p = 0
17. The ratio in which the line 3x+4y+2=0 divides
the distance between 3x+4y+5=0 and
3x+4y-5=0 is
1) 7 : 3 2) 3 : 7 3) 2 : 3 4) 3 : 4
18. The eq. of the lines parallel to 4x+3y+2=0 and
at a distance of ‘4’ units from it are
1. 4x + 3y +22 = 0, 4x + 3y – 20 = 0
2. 4x + 3y + 22 = 0, 4x + 3y – 18 = 0
3. 4x + 3y – 18 = 0, 4x + 3y – 20 = 0
4. 4x – 3y – 18 = 0, 4x + 3y – 20 = 0
Position of a point (s) w.r.t. line (s):
AND CONCURRENCY OF LINES
23. The number of integral values of m for which
x-coordinate of point of intersection of the
lines 3x+4y=9 and y = mx +1 is also an integer
is
1) 2 2) 0 3) 4 4) 11
24. The line parallel to the x-axis and passing
through the intersection of the lines
ax+2by+3b=0 and bx – 2ay – 3a = 0, where
(a,b)  (0,0) is
(1)Above the x-axis at a distance of 3/2 from it
(2)Above the x-axis at a distance of 2/3 from it
(3)Below the x-axis at a distance of 3/2 from it
(4)Below the x-axis at a distance of 2/3 from it
25. If a,b,c form a G P with common ratio r, the
sum of the ordinates of the points of
intersection of the line ax+by+c=0 and the
curve x+2y2 = 0 is

19. The range of  for which the points  ,   2  r r 2 r r2

1) 2) 3) 4)
2 2 2 2
 3 2 
and  ,   lie on opposite sides of the line 26. Consider a family of straight lines
 2 
( x  y )   (2 x  y  1)  0 . Find the equation
2x  3y  6  0
of the straight line belonging to this family that
1) , 2 2) 0,1
is farthest from 1, 3 .
3) , 2 0,1 4) ,1 2, 
1) 3 x  3 y  2  0 2) 6 x  15 y  7  0
20. If P  1  t ,2  t 
 be any point on a line 3) 5 x  2 y  1  0 4) 6x 15 y  7  0
 2 2
then the range of values of t for which the point 27. If the line x  a  m , y  2 and y  mx are
P lies between the parallel lines
x  2 y  1 and 2 x  4 y  15 is concurrent , then least value of a is

4 2 5 2 4 2 5 2 1) 0 2) 2 3) 2 2 4) 2
1)  t 2)  t
5 6 3 6 28. If a  b  c , if ax  by  c  0 , bx  cy  a  0
4 2 5 2 and cx  ay  b  0 are concurrent. Then the
3) t  4) t 
3 6 value of 2a2b1c1 2b2c1a1 2c2a1b1
21. A point which lies between 2x+3y–7=0 and
2x+3y+12=0 is 1) 1 2) 4 3) 8 4) 16
1) (5, 1) 2) (-1, 3) 3) (3, -5) 4) (7, -1) 29. Line ax+ by + p =0 makes angle  / 4 with
22. A line L cuts the sides AB, BC of ABC in the x cos   y sin   p, p  R  . If these lines and
ratio 2 : 5, 7 : 4 respectively. Then the line L the line x sin   y cos    are concurrent,
cuts CA in the ratio
then
1) 7 : 10 2) 7 : –10 3) 10 : 7 4) 10 : –7
1) a 2  b 2  1 2) a 2  b 2  2
3) 2  a 2  b 2   1 4) a 2  b 2  1

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ANGLE BETWEEN LINES 37. A line passing through (3,4) meets the axes
 
30. If p,q,r are distinct, then (q-r)x+(r-p)y+(p-q)=0 OX and OY at A and B respectively. The
and (q3-r3) x+ (r3-p3) y + (p3-q3) = 0 represents minimum area of the triangle OAB in square
the same line if units is
1) p+q+r=0 2) p=q=r 1) 8 2) 16 3) 24 4) 32
3) p2+q2+r2=0 4) p3+q3+r3=0
QUADRILATERALS AND AREA OF THE
31. The lines  a  b  x   a  b  y  2ab  0 , QUADRILATERALS
 a  b x   a  b y  2ab  0 and x  y  0 form 38. The figure formed by the straight lines
an isosceles triangle whose vertical angle is 3x + y = 0, 3y + x = 0, 3x + y = 1,
 1  2 ab 
1) 2) tan  2 2  3y + x = 1 is
2  a b 
1) a rectangle 2) a square
1  a  1  a  3) a rhombus 4) parallelogram
3) tan   4) 2 tan   39. Let the base of a triangle lie along the line
b b
32. If 2(sina + sinb) x – 2sin (a – b) y = 3 and x = a and be of length a. The area of this triangle
is a2, if the vertex lies on the line
2(cosa+cosb)x+2cos(a-b)y=5 are
perpendicular then sin2a + sin 2b = 1) x+a=0 2) x=0 3) 2x–a=0 4) x–a=0
1) sin (a-b) – 2sin (a+b) 2) sin 2(a-b)– 2sin (a+b) 40. The area bounded by y  x  1 , y   x  1
3) 2sin (a-b) – sin (a+b) 4) sin2 (a-b) – sin (a+b).
33. Two equal sides of an isoceles triangle are 1) 1 2) 2 3) 2 2 4) 4
given by 7 x  y  3  0 and x  y  3  0 and 41. The area enclosed by 2 x  3 y  6 is
the third side passes through the point (1, 10 ) 1) 3 sq. units 2) 4 sq. units
then the slope m of the third side is given by 3) 12 sq. units 4) 24 sq. units
1) 3m 2  1  0 2) m 2  1  0
FOOT AND IMAGE
3) 3m 2  8m  3  0 4) m 2  3  0
34. The diagonal of a square is 8x – 15y = 0 and 42. The point on the line 3 x  2 y  1 which is
one vertex of the square is (1, 2). Then the closest to the origin is
equations to the sides of the square passing
through the vertex are 3 2 5 2
1)  ,  2)  , 
1. 22x + 8y = 9, 22x – 8y = 52  13 13   11 11 
2. 23x + 7y = 9, 7x – 23y = 52
3. 23x – 7y = 9, 7x + 23y = 53 3 2  3 2 
3)  ,  4)  , 
4. 22x – 8y = 9, 22x + 8y = 52 5 5  13 13 
TRIANGLES AND AREA OF THE 43. The reflection of y= x w.r.t. y-axis is
TRIANGLE 1) y = - 2) y =
x x
35. Area of triangle formed by angular bisectors
of coordinate axes and the line x=6 in sq.units 3) y = - x 4) x = y
is 44. The points (-1, 1) and (1, -1) are symmetrical
1) 36 2) 18 3) 72 4) 9 about the line
36. The quadratic equation whose roots are the x 1) y+x=0 2) y=x 3) x+y=1 4) x – y = 1
and y intercepts of the line passing through 45. The equation of perpendicular bisectors of
(1,1) and making a traingle of area A with the sides AB,BC of  ABC are x-y-5=0, x+2y=0
co -ordinate axes is respectively and A(1,-2) then coordinates of
1) x 2  Ax  2 A  0 2) x 2  2 Ax  2 A  0 C are
3) x 2  Ax  2 A  0 4) ( x - A)(x+A) = 0 1) (1,0) 2) (0,1) 3) (5,0) 4) (0,0)

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CENTROID, CIRCUMCENTRE, 54. Reflection of 3x+4y+5 =0 w.r.to the line

2x+y+1=0 is
ORTHOCENTRE AND INCENTRE
1. 2x+1=0 2. 2x-1=0 3. 5x-1=0 4. 5x+1=0
46. If one vertex of an equilateral triangle is the 55. Two sides of a Rhombus ABCD are parallel
origin and side opposite to it has the equation to the lines x-y=5 and 7x-y=3. The diagonals
x+y=1, then the orthocentre of the triangle is intersect at (2,1) then the equations of the
diagonals are
1 1 2 2 1) x-y=1, 7x-y=13 2) x+y=3,x+7y=9
1)  ,  2)  ,  3)(1,1) 4)(1,3)
3 3 3 3 3) x+2y=4, 2x-y=3 4) 3x+4y=10, 4x-3y=5
47. If the circum centre of the triangle lies at (0,0) 56. Let P = (-1,0) Q=(0,0) and R=(3, 3 3 ) be three
and centroid is middle point of  a 2  1, a 2  1 points. Then the equation of the bisector of
angle PQR is ( AIEEE 2007)
and (2a,-2a) then the orthocentre lies on
3
2 2 1) x+y=0 2) 2 x + 3 y = 0
1)  a  1 x   a  1 y  0 2
2 2 3
2)  a  1 x   a  1 y  0 3) 3x+y=0 4) x + y=0
2
2 2
3)  a  1 x   a  1 y  56  0 OPTIMIZATION AND REFLECTION IN
2 2 SURFACE
4)  a  1 x   a  1 y  56  0
48. The orthocentre of the triangle formed by the 57. A ray of light along x  3 y  3 gets
lines x+y=1, 2x+3y=6 and 4x-y+9=0 lies in reflected upon reaching x-axis, the equation
quadrant number of the reflected ray is [JEE-MAINS 2013]
1) 1st 2) IInd 3) IIIrd 4) IVth 1) y  x  3 2) 3 y  x  3
49. If the straight lines 2x+3y-1=0, x +2y-1=0 and
ax + by –1 = 0 form a triangle with origin as 3) y  3 x  3 4) 3 y  x  1
orthocentre, then (a,b) is giveny by 58. Consider the points A(0,1) and B(2,0) and P
1) ( 6,4 ) 2) (-3,3 ) 3) ( -8,8 ) 4) ( 0,7 ) be a point on the line 4 x  3 y  9  0 .
50. In  ABC, equation to AB is 2x+3y-5=0, Coordinates of P such that | PA  PB | is
altitude through A is x-y+4=0 and altitude maximum are
through B is 2x-y-1=0. Then the vertex C is  24 17   84 13 
1)  5 , 5  2)  5 , 5 
 1 9 1 9  1 9  1 9   
1)   ,  2)  ,  3)  ,  4)  ,   6 17 
 5 5  5 5 5 5  5 5 3)  ,  4) (0, –3)
 5 5 
51. Centroid of the triangle, formed by the lines
x+2y-5=0, 2x+y-7=0, x-y+1=0 is MISCELLANEOUS PROBLEMS
1) (1,3) 2) (3,5) 3) (2,2) 4) (1,1) 59. A straight line which make equal intercepts on
ANGULAR BISECTORS +ve x and y axes and which is at a distance '1'
unit from the origin intersects the straight line
52. The acute angle bisector between the lines
3x-4y-5=0, 5x+12y-26=0 is y  2x  3  2 at  x 0 , y0  then 2x 0  y 0 =
1) 7x-56y+32=0 2) 9x-3y+13=0 [EAM 2010]
3) 14x-112y+65=0 4) 7x-13y+9=0 1) 3  2 2) 2  1 3) 1 4) 0
53. The equation of the bisector of the angle 60. If 'p' is the length of the perpendicular drawn
between the lines x-7y+5=0, 5x+5y-3=0 which from the origin upon a straight line then the
is the supplement of the angle containing the locus of mid point of the portion of the line
origin will be intercepted between the coordinate axes is
1) x+3y-2=0 2) x-3y+2=0
3) 3x-y+1=0 4) 3x+y+2=0

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1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4
1) 2
 2  2 2) 2  2  2 13. a
x y p x y p 2 5
1 1 4 1 1 1 14. Point of intersection   2,1  and verification
3) 2  2  2 4) 2  2 
x y p x y p
15. Put   45 and use perpendicular distance formula
61. Equation of the line passing through the point
(2,3) and making intercept 2 units between the 16. Verify the distance between the parllel lines
lines y+2x=3, y+2x=5 is 17. distance between 3x+4y+2=0 & 3x+4y+5=0
1) x=2 2) y=3 3) x+y=5 4) x+y=7 distance between 3x+4y+2=0 & 3x+4y-5=0
62. The number of lines that can be drawn through
the point (4,-5) at a distance of 10 units from 18. ax  by  c  d a 2  b 2  0
the point (1,3) is 19. Points lie on opposite sides of the line  L11 L22  0
1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) Infinite
63. The number of circles that touch all the 3 lines 5  3  32  6  0    2 1  0
2x + y = 3, 4x - y = 3, x + y = 2 is
1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) 4   , 2  0,1
EXERCISE-II (C.W)- KEY 20. Origin, P lies opposite side to the first line and same
1) 1 2) 1 3) 1 4) 3 5) 2 6) 1 7) 3 side to the second line
8) 2 9) 3 10) 3 11) 3 12) 2 13) 3 14) 2 21. Verify L p L1p  0 for options
15) 1 16) 4 17) 2 18) 2 19) 3 20) 2 21) 3
22) 4 23) 1 24) 3 25) 3 26) 4 27) 3 28) 3  BD  CE   AF 
22.      1
29) 2 30) 1 31) 2 32) 2 33) 3 34) 3 35) 1  DC  EA   FB 
36) 2 37) 3 38) 3 39) 1 40) 2 41) 3 42) 4 5
43) 2 44) 2 45) 3 46) 1 47) 1 48) 2 49) 3 23. By solving, given equations we get x 
3  4m
50) 2 51) 3 52) 3 53) 1 54) 3 55) 3 56) 3
57) 2 58) 1 59) 2 60) 3 61) 1 62) 1 63) 2 x is an ineger if 3  4m  1, 5 ,
 integral values of m are -1,-2
EXERCISE-II (C.W)- HINTS 24. Eq. of required line parallel to x-axis
 slope  0     a / b ; Equation=2y+3=0
a1 b1
1.  2. sin   cos tan   1 25. By solving two equations we get 2 y 2  ry  r 2  0
a2 b2
3.  0, 4  lies on perpendicular bisector PQ 26. Line to perpendicular to line joining 1, 3 and
point of concurrency
4. By solving   6  1 and 2   5  5 we get 27. by eliminating x,y from three equations we get –2
P(1,5) , Q(5,1)
= m (a + m)  m 2  am  2  0
5. New position of AB makes 150  450 inclination
with x-axis Since m  R  dis  0  a 2  8  0  a  2 2
 2  28. a  b  c  0 ; a 3  b3  c 3  3abc
6. A   3, 0  B  4, 0  ; c   2  , 0 
 m  29. ax  by  c  0 is angle bisector of given two lines.
7. Intercepts between the axes made by the given lines q 3  r 3 r 3  p 3 p 3  q3
are a 2, ar 2, ar 2 2 ............... 30.  
qr rp pq
8. Midpoints of intercepts of given lines (1,1), (3/2,1)
m1  m2
9. mx  ny  mx1  ny1 31. tan   1  m m 32. m1m2  1
1 2
10.   1350  90 0 , P = 5
m7 m 1
11. r  2 3 ,  x1 , y1   1, 2  33.   3m2  8m  3  0
1  7m 1 m
12. Find the distance between  0, 0  and midpoint of m  tan 
34. By using req. slopes are 23/7,-7/23
1  m tan 
  
a cos  , a sin  and a cos  , a sin  

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35. Equations of the angular bisectors of the axes 58. P.I of given line and AB
are y  x and y   x 59. Equation of the straight line having equal intercepts
1 is x+y = k and proceed.
36. a  b  ab , ab  A 60. Equate the distance from  0,0  to the line
2
37.  p , q    3, 4  then minimum area = 2pq x y
 2 62. AB<d
38. Adj sides are not perpendicular and d1  d 2 x1 y1
39. Area  a 2  height of   2a 63. Given lines are concurrent.
1
40.The diagram req. area  4  a r e a o f  4   2 EXERCISE-II (H.W)
2
1 SLOPE OF A LINE
41. required area is  6  4  1 2 sq. units
2
42. Foot of the perpendicular 1. If inclination of the line (2-k)x-(1-k)y+(5-2k)=0
43. The image of  x, y  w.r.to y-axis is   x, y  3
is then the value of k is
44. Required line is perpendicular bisector of AB 4
45. B is image of A w.r.to x-y-5=0 5 3 2 3
C is image of B w.r.to x-2y=0 1) 2) 3) 4)
2 2 3 2
  1 1 2. If line joining the points (at 1,2at1) (at22,2at2)
2
46. Foot of the perpendicular D   2 , 2 
  is parallel to y=x then t1+t2=
G(=O) divides median in the ratio 2:1
1 1
47. Line joing circumcentre and centroid 1) 2) 4 3) 4) 2
48. apply (a1a2+b1b2) L3 =(a1a3+b1b3) L2=(a2a3+b2b3)L1 2 4
49. Eq. of AO is  2 x  3 y  1    x  2 y  11  0 SLOPE-INTERCEPT FORM,SLOPE-POINT
passes through (0,0)    1 Since AO  BC FORM AND TWO-POINT FORM
we have a=-b similarly apply BO  AC 3. The line 2x+3y+12=0 cuts the axes at
50. Orthocentre =(5,9). Altitude through C which is A & B. Then the equation of the perpendicular
perpendicular to AB is 3x-2y+3=0 bisector of AB is
51. Apply L11  L2 2  L33 1) 3x-2y+5=0 2) 3x-2y+7=0
3) 3x-2y+9=0 4) 3x-2y+8=0
52. a1a2  bb ,
1 2  32  0 c1c2  130  0
4. If t1, t2 are roots of the equation t 2  t  1  0
a1 x  b1 y  c1 a2 x  b2 y  c2
 where λ is an arbitarary constant, then the line
Use 2 2
a b a22  b22
1 1 joining the points (at12 , 2at1 ) (at 2 2 , 2at 2 )
53. Bisector not containg origin is always passes through the fixed point
a1 x  b1 y  c1 a 2 x  b2 y  c 2 1) (-a, 0) 2) (0,a) 3) (a,0) 4) (0,-a)

2
a b
1 1
2
a 22  b22 5. ABCD is a parallelogram. Equations of AB and
AD are 4x + 5y = 0 and 7x + 2y = 0 and the
 c1 , c2 have opposite signs  equation of diagonal BD is 11x + 7y + 9=0. The
equation of AC is
54.  l 2  m2   ax  bx  c   2  al  bm lx  my  n  1) x + y = 0 2) x – y = 0
55. Diagonals are parallel to angular bisectors. 3) x + y + 1 = 0 4) x + y – 1 = 0
56. T divides PR in the ratio PQ:QR=1:6
INTERCEPTS AND INTERCEPT FORM
1
57. Slope of reflected ray is and it passing through 6. The equation of the straight line whose
3 intercepts on x-axis and y-axis are
y0 1 respectively twice and thrice of those by the
 3,0 is x 3

3 3y  x  3 line 3x + 4y = 12, is
1) 9x + 8y = 72 2) 9x - 8y = 72
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3) 8x + 9y = 72 4) 8x+9y+72=0 16. 2x+3y–5=0, 2x+3y+15=0, x+y–7=0, x+y+7=0

7. The equation of a straight line parallel to are sides of a parallelogram. Then the centre
2x+3y+11=0 and which is such that the sum of of the parallelogram is
its intercepts on the axes is 15. 1) (–5,–5) 2) (5,–5) 3) (–5,5) 4) (5,5)
1) 2x+3y=15 2) 3x+2y=10 17. The distance of the point (3, 5) from the line
3) 2x-3y=10 4) 2x+3y=18 2x + 3y – 14 = 0 measured parllel to the line
8. The straight line through P(1, 2) is such that x – 2y = 1 is
its intercept between the axes is bisected at P. 7 7
Its equation is 1) 2) 3) 5 4) 13
5 13
1) x + 2y = 5 2) x + y – 3 = 0
3) x – y + 1 = 0 4) 2x + y – 4 = 0
18. Equation of the straight line passing through
9. If (4, –3) divides the line segment between the (1,1) and at a distance of 3 units from
axes in the ratio 4 : 5 then its equation is (–2, 3) is
1) 15x + 16y – 12 = 0 2) 3x – 4y – 24 = 0 1) x – 2 = 0 2) 5x – 12y + 6 = 0
3) 15x – 16y +108 = 0 4) 15x – 16y – 108 = 0 3) 5x – 12y + 7 = 0 4) y – 1 = 0
NORMAL FORM AND SYMMETRIC POSITION OF A POINT (S) W.R.TO LINE (S)
FORM: 19. If L 1,L 2 denote the lines x + 2y – 2 = 0,
10. If a line AB makes an angle  with OX and is 2x + 3y + 4 = 0
1. L1 is nearer to origin than L2
at a distance of p units from the origin then
2. L2 is nearer to origin than L1
the equation of AB is
3. L1,L2 are equidistant from origin
1) xsin  – ycos  = p 2) xcos  + ysin  = p
4. can’t say
3) xsin  + ycos  = p 4) xcos  – ysin  = p 20. If the point (a, a) falls between the lines
11. The parametric equation of a line is given by |x+y|=2, then:
r r 1) | a |=2 2) | a |=1
1
3) | a |<1 4) | a |< 2
x  2  and y  1  3 then, for the line
10 10 21. If (2a-3,a2-1) is on the same side of the line x
7 + y - 4 = 0 as that of origin then the set of
1) intercept on the x  axis  values of ‘a’ is
3
2) intercept on the y  axis  7 1) (-4,2) 2) (-2,4) 3)(-7,8) 4)(-7,5)
22. The range of values of the ordinate of a point
3) slope of the line =1/3 4) slope of the line =3
moving on the line x=1 and allways remains
PROBLEMS ON DISTANCES in the interior of the triangle formed by the
12. A straight line through the origin 'O' meets the lines y = x, the x-axis and x+y=4
1) (0,1) 2) (0,2) 3) (1,2) 4) (2,1)
parallel lines 4 x  2 y  9 and 2 x  y  6  0 at
points P and Q respectively, then point O POINT OF INTERSECTION OF LINES
divides the segment PQ in the ratio AND CONCURRENCY OF LINES
1) 1 : 2 2) 3 : 4 3) 2 : 1 4) 4 : 3 x 1 y  2
13. The lengths of the perpendiculars from 23. If the line   t intersects the line
(m2, 2m), (mn, m + n) and (n2, 2n) to the straight 2 3
x+y=8 then t =
line x cos  + y sin  + sin  tan  = 0 are in 1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4
1) A.P. 2) G.P. 3) H.P. 4) A.G.P. 24. Equation of line which is equally inclined to
14. The distance between the Straight lines the axis and passes through a common points
y=mx+c1, y=mx+c2 is |c1-c2| then m = of family of lines 4acx + y(ab + bc + ca – abc)
1)0 2)1 3)2 4)3 + abc = 0 (where a, b, c > 0 are in H.P.) is
15. Distance between parallel lines 4x+6y+8=0, 7 7
1) y – x = 2) y  x 
6x+9y+15=0 is 4 4
1) 2 / 13 2) 1/ 13 3) 3 / 13 4) 4 / 13 1 3
3) y  x  4) y  x 
4 4

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25. If a,b,c in GP then the line a2x+b2y +ac=0 36. The equation to the base of an equilateral
always passes through the fixed point
1) (0, 1) 2) (1, 0) 3) (0, -1) 4) (1, -1)    
triangle is 3  1 x  3  1 y  2 3  0 and
26. If U  x+y-2 =0, V  2x-3y+1=0, the point of opposite vertex is A(1,1) then the Area of the
intersection of the lines 50U+7V=0, 3U+11V=0 triangle is
is 1) 3 2 2) 3 3 3) 2 3 4) 4 3
1) (0,0) 2) (1,0) 3) (0,1) 4) (1,1) 37. Equation of the line on which the perpendicular
27. The straight lines x+2y-9=0, 3x+5y-5=0 and f r om the or igin mak es an angle of 30o with X-
ax+by-1 are concurrent if the straight line 50
22x-35y-1=0 passes through the point axis and which forms a triangle of area 3
1) (a, b) 2) (b,a) 3) (-a,b) 4) (-a, -b) with the axes is
28. The equation of the line passing through the
1) 2 x  2y  9 2) 2 x  3y   9
point of intersection of the lines 2x+y=5 and
y=3x-5 and which is at the minimum distance 3) 3 x  y   10 4) 3x  y   10
from the point (1,2) is QUADRILATERALS AND AREA OF THE
1) x+y=3 2) x-y=1 3) x-2y=0 4) 2x+5y=7 QUADRILATERALS
29. Given a family of lines a(2x+y+4)+b(x–2y–3)=0.
The number of lines belonging to the family at 38. The point (2,3) is reflected four times about
a distance 10 from P(2, –3) is co-ordinate axes continuously starting with x-
axis. The area of quadrilateral formed in
1)0 2)1 3)2 4)4 sq.units is
ANGLE BETWEEN LINES 1) 24 2) 6 3) 12 4) 5
39. Area of the quadrilateral formed by the lines
30. The acute angle between the lines lx+my=l+m,
l (x-y) + m (x+y) = 2m is 4y  3x  a  0 , 3y  4x  a  0 , 4y 3x3a 0 ,
    3y  4x  2a  0 is
1) 2) 3) 4)
4 6 2 3 a2 a2 2a 2 2a 2
31. The angle between lines xcos  +ysin  =p1 1) 2) 3) 4)
5 7 7 9
and xcos  +ysin  =p2 where    is 40. Two sides of a rectangle are 3x+4y+5-0,
1)    2)    3)  4) 2   4x-3y+15=0 and its one vertex is (0,0). Then
32. One vertex of an equilateral triangle is (2,3) the area of the rectangle is
and the equation of one side is x-y+5=0. Then 1) 4 2) 3 3) 2 4) 1
the equations to other sides are 41. The area enclosed with in the curve |x|+|y|=1 is
1) y–3=–(2  3 )(x–2) 2) y–3=( 2  1)(x–2) 1) 1 2) 2 3) 2 2 4) 4
3) y–3=( 3  1)(x–2) 4) y-3=( 5  1)(x–2)
33. Two equal sides of an isosceles triangle are FOOT AND IMAGE
given by the equations 7x–y+3=0 and 42. Foot of the perpendicular of (6, 8) on the line
x+y–3=0. The slope of the third side is x  y is
1 1 1 1 1) (6,6) 2) (7,7) 3) (–6,–6) 4) (–7,–7)
1) 3, 2) 3,  3) 3, 4) 3, 
3 3 3 3 43. P is the midpoint of the part of the line
34. Let there are two lines 2x  3y    0 and 3x+y-2=0 intercepted between the axes. Then
 x  3y  1  0 . If the origin lies in the obtuse the image of P in origin is
angle then 1
 1  1 
9 9 1)   1,   2)   ,  4  3)   ,  1  4) (-2,-3)
1)   2) 2    0 3) 0    4) None of these  3  3   3 
2 2
44. The image of the point P (3,5) with respect to
TRIANGLES,AREA OF THE TRIANGLE the line y = x is the point Q and the image of
35. The area of the triangle formed by the axes & Q with respect to the line y = 0 is the point R
the line (cosh  -sinh  )x+(cosh  +sinh  ) (a,b), then (a, b)=
y=2 in square units is 1) (5,3) 2) (5,-3) 3) (-5,3) 4) (-5,-3)
1) 4 2) 3 3) 2 4) 1

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45.. The equation of perpendicular bisector of AB 1) 3x-3y+17=0 2) 5x+7y-5=0

and AC of a triangle ABC are x-y-5=0 and 3) 3x-3y+19=0 4) 9x-9y+17=0
x+2y=0 respectively. If A=(1,-2) then the 53. Find the equation of the bisector of the angle
equation of BC is between the lines x+2y–11=0, 3x–6y–5=0
1) 14x+2y-41=0 2) 11x+2y-25=0 which contains the point (1,–3).
3) 2x-y-10=0 4) 14x-23y+40=0 1) 2 x  19  0 2) 2 x  19  0
3) 3x  19  0 4) 3x  19  0
CENTROID, CIRCUMCENTRE,
54. The line 3x-3y+17=0 bisects the angle between
ORTHOCENTRE AND INCENTRE
a pair of lines of which one line is 2x+y+4=0,
46. Let O (0, 0), P (3, 4), Q (6, 0) be the vertices of then the equation to the other line is
the triangle OPQ.The point R inside the 1) 3x+6y-5=0 2) 3x+6y-7=0 3) 7x+14y=04) 4x-y+3=0
triangles OPQ is such that the traingles OPR, 55. The equation of a straight line passing through
PQR, OQR are of equal area. The coordinates the point (4,5) and equally inclined to the lines
of R are 3x=4y+7 and 5y=12x+6 is
1) 9x-7y=1 2) 9x+7y=1
4   2  4 4 2 3) 7x-9y=1 4) 7x-9 y=17
1)  ,3  2)  3,  3)  3,  4)  , 
3   3  3  3 3  56. If 2x+y-4=0 is bisector of the angle between
47. If the circumcentre of the triangle lies at (0,0) the lines a(x–1)+b(y–2)=0, c(x–1)+d(y–2)=0,
and centroid is mid point of the line joining the then the other bisector is
points (2,3) and (4,7),then its orthocentre lies 1. x – 2y + 1 = 0 2. x – 2y – 3 = 0
onthe line 3. x – 2y + 3 = 0 4. x - 2y – 5 = 0
1)5x-3y=0 2)5x-3y+6=0 OPTIMIZATION AND REFLECTION IN
3)5x+3y=0 4)5x+3y+6=0
48. The orthocentre of the triangle formed by the
SURFACE
lines x+y=6, 2x+y=4 and x+2y=5 is 57. A ray of light passing through the point (8,3)
1) 10, 11 2)  10,11 and is reflected at (14,0) on x axis. Then the
equation of the reflected ray
3) 11, 10  4)  11, 10  1) x+y=14 2) x-y=14 3) 2y=x-14 4) 3y=x-14
49. The equation x  2 y  3 represents the side 58. Let P(1,1) and Q(3,2) be given points. The point
R on the x-axis such that PR+RQ minimum is
BC of ABC ; where co-ordinates of A aree
 5  3
1)  3 , 0  2)  2, 0  3)  3,0  4)  2 , 0 
1, 2  . If the x-coordinate of the orthocentre
of ABC is 3 then the y-coordinates of the MISCELLANEOUS PROBLEMS
orthocentre is :
1) 4 2) 6 3) 8 4) 10 59. The vertices of triangle are A( m, n), B (12,19)
50. The vertices A,B of a triangle are (2,5),(4,-11). and C (23, 20), where m and n are integer. If
If C moves on the line L  9x+7y+4=0, then the its area is 70 and the slope of the median
locus of centroid of triangle ABC is parallel to through A is –5, then m+n is
1) AB 2) AC 3) BC 4) L 1) 47 2) 27 3) 107 4) 43
51. Two sides of a triangle are y = m 1 x and 60. Number of circles touching the lines
y = m2x; m1, m2 are the roots of the equation 3x+4y–1=0, 4x–5y+2=0 and 6x+8y+3=0 is
x 2 + ax –1 = 0. For all values of ‘a’ the 1)0 2) 2 3)4 4) infinite
orthocentre of the triangle lies at
61. The point on the line 3 x  4 y  5 which is
3 3 equidistance from (1,2) and ( 3,4) is (EAM 09)
1) (1, 1) 2) (2, 2) 3)  ,  4) (0,0)
2 2
1 8  5
ANGULAR BISECTORS 1)  7, 4  2) 15, 10  3)  ,  4)  0, 
7 7  4
52. Equation of the line equidistant from the lines 62. The number of points p(x,y) with natural
2x+y+4=0, 3x+6y-5=0 is numbers as coordinates that lie inside the

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quadrilateral formed by the lines 2 x  y  2, OP 9 / 20 9 3

x  0, y  0 and x  y  5 is (EAM- 2011)
1) 12.  OQ  6 / 5  12  4  3:4
1) 12 2) 10 3) 6 4) 4 13. Put   0 then given equation of line is x=0
63. A point moves in the xy plane such that the
sum of its distance from two mutually c1  c2
perpendicular lines is always equal to 5 14.  c1  c2
units.The area ( in square units) enclosed by 1  m2
the locus of the point (EAM- 2012) 15. multiply first equation by 3 and second eq. by 2
25 16. Centre lies on a line parallel to given lines and mid
1) 2) 25 3) 50 4) 100 way between them
4
ax1  by1  c 1
EXERCISE-II (H.W)- KEY 17. where tan  
a cos   b sin  2
1) 4 2) 4 3) 1 4)1 5) 2 6) 1 7) 4 20. From the figure 1  a  1 i.e. | a | 1.
8) 4 9) 4 10) 1 11) 4 12) 2 13) 2 14) 1
15) 2 16) 2 17) 3 18) 3 19) 1 20) 3 21)1 Y
22)1 23) 1 24) 1 25) 3 26) 4 27) 2 28) 1
29)2 30) 1 31) 2 32) 1 33) 1 34) 3 35) 3 B
36) 3 37) 4 38) 1 39) 3 40) 2 41) 2 42) 2
43) 3 44) 2 45) 2 46) 3 47) 1 48) 4 49) 2 C
O X
50) 4 51) 4 52) 1 53) 3 54) 1 55) 1 56) 3 A
57) 3 58) 1 59) 3 60) 2 61) 2 62) 3 63) 3
D
EXERCISE-II (H.W)-HINTS
3 2  k 21. since L0  0 we have LA  0
1. tan  2. Slope of parllel lines are equal 22. From figure 0 < ordinate of P<1
4 1 k
23. Point (2t+1,3t+2) lies on x+y=8
3. A  6,0  B  0, 4  perpendicular bisector of AB 24. Lines can be written
3 4 3 1
is y  2   x  3 x  y    1  y  0 ,  4x  3y   1  y  0
2 b b b
4. Equation of the line is y  t1  t2   2at1  t1  t2   3 
2  Lines are concurrent at   4 ,1
= 2 x  2at 1  
5. by solving AB,BD we get B(-5/3, 4/3)  3
by solving AD,BD we get D(2/3, -7/3)  Required line is y  1  1 x  4 
mid point of B.D lies on AC  
6. a  8, b  6 25. Given equation is a 2 x  b 2  y  1  0
7. sum of the intercepts of the line 2x+3y+k=0 is 15. 26. Point of intersection of u & v
k k 1 2 9
  15
2 3 3 5 5  0
27.
a b a b 1
8.  ,   1, 2 
 2 2 28. The point 1, 2  lies on L1   L2  0
nx my
9.   mn
x1 y1 a(4  3  4)  b(2  6  3)
29. P   10
10. The line makes an angle  with x-axis then its (2a  b) 2  (a  2b)2
perpendicular makes an angle     900 25 (a + b)2 = 10 (5a2 + 5b2)
11. Point (–2,1) slope = 3 25 (a - b)2 = 0
a=b

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m1  m2   6    6 .
30. tan   1  m1m2 50. Choose C   ,  
a1a2  b1b2  6  6 
31. cos   a 2  b 2 a 2  b 2 G  x1 , y1    , 
1 1 2 2  3 3 
m  tan     3 x1  6,   3 y1  6
32. apply
1  m tan  Substitute  ,   lies on L=0
m1  m m2  m 51. given triangle is right angled at origin
33. Apply 1  m m   1  m m
1 2 52. Angular bisector
34. Origin will lie in obtuse angle if cc  aa   bb   0 53. Using formula given in synopsis
54. Verify angular bisector formula
   2  3  3  0    2  9   0
 9
55.  x1 , y1    4,5
 9   2  0 2    0, 
 2 9 7
,
Slopes of angular bisectors are
c 2 7 9
35.   2 ab 56. required bisector is perpendicular to given and
passes through (1,2)
h2
36. Area of an equilateral triangle is where h is 57. Write the image of  8,3 in X-axis and write the
3
the height of the triangle equation through that point and 14,0 
0 0
37. Equation of the line is xcos30 +ysin30 =P
58. Image of P in x-axis is P1  1, 1 , R is intersection
38. A  2,3 B  2,3 C  2  3 D  2, 3
of x-axis and line QP1
39. The area of the parallelogram formed by the lines
a1x+b1y+c1=0, a2x+b2y+d1=0, a1x + b1y + c2= 0, 59. Area  70  m  11n  337
 c1  c2  d1  d 2  median slope  5  5m  n  107
a2x + b2 y + d2= 0 is Sq.units. 60. Two lines are parallel
a1b 2  a 2 b1
40. The perpendicular distance from orign to the lines 61. Required point p  x1 , y1  lies on given line t h e n
are a,b. Then area = ab
3x1  4 y1  5 and PA=PB  x1  y1  5
41.From the diagram required area  4  area of    2
62. Draw the diagram and observe the points
42. Use foot of the perpendicular formula
1,1 , 1, 2  ,  2,1 ,  2, 2  , 1,3 and  3,1 a r e
1  inside of quadrilateral.
43. Midpoint of intercepts is  ,1
3 
44. Image of P(3,5) w. r to the line y = x is Q(5,3) 63. From given data x  y  5 hence required area
45. B,C are images of A w.r.to given lines 2
2  5
46. Centroid  OPQ   50
47. circumcentre,centroid and orthocentre lies on a
11
same line.
48. Use formula given in synopsis
  2  1
49. A D  B C     1
 3  1   2 
or 2    4

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7. One of the diagonals of a square is the portion

EXERCISE-III
x y
of the line   2 intercepted between the
2 3
1. The line 3x-2y = 24 meets x-axis at A and axes. Then the extremities of the other
y-axis at B. The perpendicular bisector of AB diagonal are
meets the line through (0, -1) and parallel to
x-axis at C. Then C is 1)  5,5 ,  1,1 2)  0, 0  ,  4, 6 

 7   15  3)  0, 0  ,  1,1 4)  5,5  ,  4, 6 

1)  , 1 2)  ,  1
 2   2  8. If the line y  3x cuts the curve
 11    13  x3  y 3  3xy  5 x 2  3 y 2  4 x  5 y  1  0 at
3)  , 1 4)  2 ,  1  the points A,B,C then OA.OB.OC is
 2   
2. A square of side " a " lies above the x-axis 4
and has one vertex at the origin. The side 1)
13

3 3 1 
2) 3 3  1
passing through the origin makes an angle 2
3) 7 4) 3 3  1
 3
 where 0    with the positive direction
4 9. Each side of a square is of length 4. The centre
of x - axis. The equation of its diagonal not of the square is (3, 7) and one of its diagonals
passing through the origin is is parallel to y=x. Then co-ordinates of its
vertices are
1) y  cos   sin    x(cos   sin  )  a 1) (1,5),(1,9),(5,9),(5,5)
2) (2,5), (2,7), (4,7), (4,4)
2) y  cos   sin    x(sin   cos  )  a 3) (2,5),(2,6),(3,5),(3,6)
4) (5,2), (6,2), (5,3), (6,3)
3) y  cos   sin    x(sin   cos  )  a
10. If the line y  3 x  3  0 cuts the curve
4) y  cos   sin    x(cos   sin  )  a y 2  x  2 at A and B and point on the line P
3. A particle is moving in a straight line and at
some moment it occupied the positions (5,2)
is  3,0 then  P A.P B 

and (-1,-2). Then the position of the particle

1)
4  32  2)
4 2 3 
when it is on x-axis is 3
3
1) (-2, 0) 2) (0, 2) 3) (2, 0) 4) (4, 0)
4. If PS is the median of the triangle with vertices 3)
4 3
4)
2  32 
2 3
P(2,2), Q(6,-1) and R(7,3) then the equation of 11. Points A and B are in the first quadrant; point
the line passing through (1,-1) and parallel to
' O ' is the origin. If the slope of OA is 1, slope
PS (AIEEE 2014) of OB is 7 and OA  OB , then the slope of AB
1) 4x-7y-11=0 2) 2x+9y+7=0 is
3) 4x+7y+3=0 4) 2x-9y-11=0 1 1 1 1
1)  2)  3)  4) 
5. The Point P(2 , 1 ) is shifted by 3 2 parallel 5 4 3 2
12. The line joining the points A(3,0) and B(5,2) is
to the line x  y  1 , in the direction of rotated about A in the anticlockwise direction
increasing ordinate, to reach Q. The image of through an angle of 150 . If B goes to C in the
Q by the line x  y  1 is new position now the line joining A and C is
rotated about A in the anticlockwise direction
1)  5, 2  2)  1, 4  3)  3, 4  4)  3, 2  through an angle of 450 of C goes to D in the
6. Distance of origin from line 1    
3 y  1  3 x  10 new position, then the coordinates of D are

along the line y  3 x  k is 

1) 4  3, 3  1  
2) 4  3, 3  1 
1) 5 / 2 2) 5 / 2  k 3) 10 4) 5 3)  4  3, 3  1 4)  4  3, 3  1

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13. The equation of the line passing through (1,2) 19. The set of values of ‘b’ for which the origin
and having a distance equal to 7 units from and the point (1,1) lie on the same side of the
the point (8,9) is
straight line a 2 x  aby  1  0,  a  R, b  0
1) y  3 x  1 2) y  2 3) x  1 4) x  y  3
are
14. Find the values of non-negative real numbers
1) b   2, 4  2) b   0, 2 
h1 , h2 , h3 , k1 , k2 , k3 such that the algebraic sum
of the perpendiculars drawn from points 3) b  [0, 2] 4) b  [0, 3]
20. The equations of sides of a triangle are
 2, k1  ,  3, k2  ,  7, k3  ,  h1,4 ,  h2 ,5 ,  h3 , 3 7x–5y–11=0, 8x+3y+31=0, x+8y–19=0. Then
the point (0,0) lies
on a variable line passing through  2,1 is zero.
1) inside of triangle 2) outside of triangle
1) h1  h2  h3  k1  k2  k3  0 3) on the triangle 4) can’t say
21. If the points of intersection of lines
2) h1  h2  h3  k1  k2  k3  1
L1 : y  m1 x  k  0 & L2 : y  m2 x  k  0  m1  m2 
3) h1  h2  h3  k1  k2  k3  2
lies inside the triangle formed by the lines
4) h1  h2  h3  k1  k2  k3  4 2 x  3 y  1, x  2 y  3 & 5 x  6 y  1  0 , then
15. Three lines x  2 y  3  0 ; x  2 y  7  0 and true set of values of k are
2 x  y  4  0 form the three sides of two  1 3   1   3  3 
squares. The equation to the fourth side of each 1)  3 , 2  2)  2 ,1  3)  0,  4)  , 0 
     2  2 
square is
22. The range of value of  such that  0,  lies
1) 2 x  y  14  0 and 2 x  y  6  0
on or inside the triangle formed by the lines
2) 2 x  y  14  0 and 2 x  y  6  0 y+3x+2=0, 3y –2x–5=0, 4y +x –14 = 0 is
3) 2 x  y  14  0 and 2 x  y  6  0 1 5 7 1 1
1) 5    7 2)    1 3)    4)   
2 3 2 3 2
4) 2 x  y  14  0 and 2 x  y  6  0
x y 23. The lines x  y  a , and ax  y  1 intersect
16. The line L given by   1 passes through each other in the first quadrant then the set of
5 b
the point 13,32  . The line K is parallel to L all possible values of a is the interval [EEE11]

x y
1) 0, 2) 1, 3) 1,  4) 1,1
and has the equation  1. Then the
c 3 24. Let a , b ,c and d be non zero numbers . If the
distance between L and K is [AIEEE-2010] point of intersection of the lines
17 23 23 4ax  2ay  c  0 and 5bx  2by  d  0 lies in
1) 17 2) 3) 4) the fourth quadrant and is equidistance from
15 17 15
the two axes then (MAINS 2014)
17. If the line 2x  y  k passes through the point
1) 2bc  3ad  0 2) 2bc  3ad  0
which divides the line segment joining the
points (1, 1) and (2, 4) in the ratio 3 : 2, then k 3) 3bc  2ad  0 4) 3bc  2ad  0
equals [AIEEE - 2012] 25. If the lines x+ay+a=0, bx+y+b=0, cx+cy+1=0
1) 29/5 2) 5 3) 6 4) 11/5 (a, b, c being distinct and  1) are concurrent
a b c
18. If the point P  a 2 , a  lies in the region then the value of  
a 1 b 1 c 1
=
corresponding to the acute angle between the 1) -1 2) 0 3) 1 4) 3
lines 2 y  x and 4 y  x , then 26. If 4a  9b  c  12ab  0 then the family of
2 2 2

1) a   2, 4 2) a  (2, 4] straight lines ax  by  c  0 is concurrent at

1) (2,3) or (-2,-3) 2) (2,-3) or (-2,6)
3) a   2,5 4) a   2, 4  3)(-2,-4) or (-2,3) 4) (2,5) or (-1,-5)

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27. If a2 – b2 – c2 – 2bc =0, then the family of lines

ax + by + c =0 are concurrent at the points a 2  a  2 
1) 2 a  1 if a  1
1) (1, –1) 2) (–1, 1) 3)(1, 0) 4)(–1, –1)  
28. If t1  t2  t3 and the lines t 1x+y=2at1+at31;
t2x + y = 2at2 + at23; t3x + y= 2at3 + at33 are a2  a  2
2) 2 a  1 if a  1
concurrent then t1 + t2 + t3 is  
1. 0 2. -1 3.1 4. 2
29. Consider the family of lines a 2  a  2 
3) if  2  a  1
 x  y  1    2 x  3 y  5  0 and 2  a  1

 3x  2 y  4     x  2 y  6   0 , equation of a2  a  2
4) 2 a  1 if a  2
a straight line that belongs to both families is  
1) x  2 y  8  0 2) x  2 y  8  0 35. The equation of a straight line L is x+y=2, and
3) 2 x  y  8  0 4) 2 x  y  8  0 L1 is another straight line perpendicular to L
and passes through the piont (1/2, 0), then area
30. If a,b and c are three consecutive odd
of the triangle formed by the y-axis and the
integers then the variable line ax+by+c=0
always passes through lines L, L1 is
1) (2 1) 2) (1 2) 3) (-1 2) 4) (1 -2) 25 25 25 25
1) 2) 3) 4)
31. One vertex of an equilateral triangle is (2,3) 8 16 4 12
and the equation of one side is x-y+5=0 then 36. In an isosceles triangle OAB, O is the origin
the equations to the other sides are and OA = OB = 6. The equation of the side AB
is x-y+1=0. Then the area of the triangle is

1) y-3 =  2  3 (x-2)  71
142
1) 2 21 2) 142 3) 4)
2) y-3 =  
2  1 (x-2) 22
37. An equilateral triangle is constructed between
3) y-3 =  3  1 (x-2) two parallel lines 3x  y  6  0 and
3 x  y  9  0 with base on one and vertex on
4) y-3 =  5  1 (x-2) the other. Then the area of triangle is
200 225 225 200
32. Let P (2, -4) and Q (3, 1) be two given points. 1) 2) 3) 4)
Let R (x, y) be a point such that ( x-2) (x-3) + 3 4 3 3 4 3
38. Area of triangle formed by the lines 2x+y–3=0,
13 x+4y–5=0 and 3x+5y–1=0 is
(y-1) (y+4) = 0. If area of PQR is , then
2 1) 15/2 2) 49/2 3) 27/56 4) 7/2
the number of possible positions of R are 39. If f ( x  y )  f ( x ) f ( y ) for all x and y if
1) 2 2) 3 3) 4 4) 6 f (1)  2, then area enclosed by
33. If the base of an isosceles triangle is of length
3 | x | 2 | y | 8 is
2P and the length of the altitude dropped to
the base is q, then the distance from the mid 1) f (5) sq.units 2) f (6) sq.units
point of the base to the side of the triangle is 3) 1/ 3 f (6) sq.units 4) f (4) sq.units
pq 2 pq 3 pq 4 pq 40. Four sides of a quadrilateral are given by the
1) 2
p q
2)2 2
p q
3) 2
p q24) 2
p2  q2 equation xy  x  2  y  3  0 , then the
34. If m1 and m2 are the roots of the equation equation of line parallel to x  4 y  0 that
divides the quadrilateral into two equal parts
x 2  ax  a  1  0 , then the area of the triangle is
formed by the three straight lines
1) x  4 y  5  0 2) x  4 y  5  0
y  m1 x, y  m2 x and y  a  a  1 is
3) x  4 y  1  0 4) x  4 y  1  0
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41. L1 and L2 are two intersecting lines and the 48. If the equations of the sides of a trinagle are
angle between the image of L1 w.r.t L2 and that
2x + y = 2, y = x, 3 y  x  0 then which of the
of L2 w.r.t.L1 is 45o. Then the angle between L1
and L2 is following is an exterior point of triangle.
1) 20o 2) 15o 3) 45o 4) 60o 1) orthocentre 2) incentre
42. L1 and L2 are two intersecting lines. If the image 3) centroid 4) Cannot say
of L1 w.r.t. L2 and that of L2 w.r.t.L1concide, then 49. One vertex of the equilateral triangle with
the angle between L1 and L2 is centroid at the origin and one side as
1) 35o 2) 60o 3) 90o 4) 45o x+y-2=0 is
43. For all values of  all the lines represented 1) 2, 2 2) 2, 2 3) 2, 2 4) 2, 2
by the equation (2cos  + 3 sin  )x + (3cos  -
50. A ray of light is sent along the line x–2y–3=0.
5sin  ) y - (5cos  - 2sin  ) = 0 passes through On reaching the line 3x–2y–5=0, the ray is
a fixed point then the reflection of that point reflected from it. The equation of the line
with respect to the line x+y = 2 is containing the the reflected ray.
1) 29 x  2 y  31  0 2) 29 x  2 y  31  0
1) 2  1, 2  1  
2) 2  1, 2  1  3) 29 x  2 y  31  0 4) 29 x  2 y  31  0
3) 3  1, 3  1  4) 3  1, 3  1 
51. A light ray coming along the line 3 x  4 y  5
44. The combined equation of straight lines gets reflected from the line ax  by  1 and
that can be obtained by reflecting the lines goes along the line 5 x  2 y  10 . Then,
y  x  2 in the y-axis is 64 112 14 8
2 2 2 2
1) a  , b 2) a  , b
1) y  x  4 x  4  0 2) y  x  4 x  4  0 115 15 15 115
3) y 2  x 2  4 x  4  0 4) y 2  x 2  4 x  4  0 64 8 64 14
3) a  , b 4) a  , b

115 115 15 15
45. In ABC, B=(0, 0), AB=2, ABC  and the 52. If x1 , y1 are roots of x2  8x  20  0, x2 , y2 are
3
middle point of BC has the co-ordinates
the roots of 4 x 2  32 x  57  0 and x3 , y3 are
(2, 0). Then the centroid of triangle is
5 1 5 1  the roots of 9 x 2  72 x  112  0, then the points
1)  ,  2)  3 , 
3 3  3  x1 , y1  ,  x2 , y2  and  x3 , y3  where xi  yi for i
 5 1  5 1  =1,2,3
3)  ,  4)  , 
 3 3  3 3 1) are collinear
2) form an equilateral triangle
46. In triangle ABC, co-ordinates of A are  1,3 3) form a right angled isosceles triangle
and equation of median and altitude through 4) are concyclic
point B are 2 x  y  8 and 2 x  3 y  8 53. Triangle is formed by the coordinates (0, 0),
respectively, then (0, 21) and (21, 0). The number of integral
1) coordinates of C are (4,0) coordinates strictly inside triangle (integral
2) coordinates of C are (3,9) coordinates has both x and y as integers) :
3) coordinates of C are (3,3) 1) 190 2) 105 3) 231 4) 205
4) coordinates of centroid are (2,2) 54. Origin is the centre of the square with one of
47. The sides of a triangle are x+y=1, 7y = x and its vertices at (3,4) then the other vertices are
3 y + x = 0. Then the following is an interior 1) (-3, 4), (-3, -4), (3, -4)
point of the traingle 2) (-4, 3), (-3, -4), (4, -3)
1) Circumcentre 2) Centroid 3) (-4, 3), (-4, -3), (3, -4)
3) Orthocentre 4) Cannot say 4) (3, 4), (-4, -3), (4, -3)

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55. One side of a rectangle lies along the line  

4x+7y+5=0. Two vertices are (-3,1), (1,1) then Slope of CA is  cot    
the remaining vertices are 4 
Equation of CA is
 1 47   131 , 177   1 , 47  131 , 177  
1)  , ,  2)  
 65 65   65 65   65 65  65 65 
  y  a sin     cot      x  a cos  
4 
 1 47  131 , 177  3. equation of line through given points is 2x-3y-4=0
3)  ,   4) (1, -47), (131, 47) when cuts x-axis at (2,0)
 65 65  65 65 
56. All points lying inside the triangle formed by 4. S=midpoint of Q,R = (13/2,1) slope of PS = -2/9
the points (1,3), (5,0), (-1,2) satisfy
1) 2x + y – 13 = 0 2) 3x + 2y  0
5.  x1  r cos  , y1  r sin    (  1, 4)
3) 3x – 4y – 12  0 4) 4x + y = 0 r  3 2,   3  
57. If one vertex of an equilateral triangle of side a 6. The slope of the line is 3
lies at the origin and the other lies on the line Find the equation of the line passing through
x  3y  0 , the coordinates of the third origin.Then find point of intersection
vertex are 7. The equation of the other diagonal is
 a 3 a   a 3 a  x 2 y 3
  r
1) (0, –a) 2) (a, 0) 3)  ,  4)  ,   3 2
 2 2   2 2 
13 13
58. let AB be a line segment of length 4 units with For the extremities of the diagonal,
the point A on the line y=2x and B on the line
y=x. Then the locus of middle point of all such r   13 . Hence x  2  3, y  3  2
line segment is x  5, 1 and y  5,1
1) a parabola 2) an ellipse 3) a hyperbola 4) a circle Therefore, the extremities of the diagonal are (5,5)
and (-1,1).
EXERCISE-III - KEY x0 y0
1) 1 2) 1 3) 3 4) 2 5) 4 6) 4 7) 1 8.  y  3 x  x tan 60 0  0
 r
cos 60 sin 600
8) 1 9) 1 10) 1 11) 4 12) 2 13) 2 14) 1
15) 4 16) 3 17) 3 18) 4 19) 2 20) 1 21) 1 r r 3
  x, y    , 
22) 3 23) 2 24) 3 25) 3 26) 1 27) 2 28) 1 2 2 
29) 2 30) 4 31) 1 32) 1 33) 1 34) 3 35) 2 lies on x3  y 3  3xy  5 x 2  3 y 2  4 x  5 y  1  0
36) 4 37) 2 38) 4 39) 3 40) 1 41) 2 42) 2
43) 2 44) 4 45) 2 46) 2 47) 2 48) 1 49) 1 r 3 3 3r 3 3 3r 2 5r 2 9r 2 5 3r
      2r  1  0
50) 3 51) 3 52) 1 53) 1 54) 2 55) 1 56) 2 8 8 4 4 4 2
57) 4 58) 2  3 3 1 3 14  3 3  2  4  5 3 
  r    r    r 1 0
EXERCISE-III - HINTS  8   4   2 
1. perpendicular bisector of AB is 1
 OA.OB.OC  r1r2 r3 
2 x  3 y  10  0............. 1  3 3 1 
 
y  1............. 2  ,Solve the equations  8 
Y
2. 9. Use  x1  r cos  , y1  r sin  
B 0 0
r  2 2 And   45 ,135
 r 3r 
10. Let PA  r , then A   3  , .
C
 2 2 

4 11. tan   7 ; OA  OB  r
 7 1
O sin   , cos  
  5 2 5 2
Slope of OB is tan    
4 

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Y Y
18. x
 r 7r  y
B ,  2
 2 2

 r 7r 
A ,  x
5 2 5 2  y
 2
P(a , a) 4
45°
X X
O O
Now, mAB  1/ 2 But a 2  0 , hence point P  a 2 , a  lies in first
12. Slope of AB  1 ; r  AB  2 2 ,   1050
 a2   a2 

D   x1  r cos , y1  r sin    4  3, 3 1  quadrant. We have a   
 4
 0 & a   0
 2 
D
C
(  1, 0  and P lies on same side of x  2 y  0
and 1, 0  and P lies opposite sides of x 4y  0 )
B(5, 2)
 0  a and a   , 0    2,  
45° 15°  a   2, 4 
19. D  0  b 2  4  0  2  b  2 but b  0
45°
O A(3, 0)  0  b  2 ie., b   0, 2 
20. Draw the diagram
13. Distance from (8,9) to line y  2  m( x  1) is 7 21. Clearly point of intersection of L1 and L2 , is (0,k)
which lies on y - axis.
m0 Y
14. Let the eqution of variable line be ax  by  c  0 , 4y + x – 14 = 0
6  7
axi  byi  c  0, 
it is given that  0  2
i 1 a 2  b2
 xi   yi  y + 3x + 2 = 0  5
 a 6   b 6   c  0  0,  3 y  2 x  5  C
     3
xi yi 22.
So, the fixed point must be , . But fixed O (0, 0)
6 6
 5  2  (0, –2)
point is  2,1 so  2  3  7  h1  h2  h3  / 6  2   , 0   , 0 
2
 3  
 h1  h2  h3  0  h1  0, h2  0, h3  0 5 7

from the figure, it is clear that
( as h1 , h2 , h3 are non-negative ) similarly, we get 3 2
k1  k2  k3  4  5  3  1 a a a 1 
 1  k1  k2  k3  0 23. Point of intersection =  , 
6  1 a a 1 
  4 10 since x>0, y>0 we have a+1>0 and a a  1 as
15. Hence line is 2 x  y    0 now 
5 5 a  0 , a a  1 we get a>0 thus a 2  1 or a  1
  4  10 ;   6 or   14   B  24. Point  k , k  satisfies both lines then
16. Substitute the given point. Find 'b' and equate the
slopes to find 'c' and apply distance between parallel c d
c  2ak , d  3bk  
lines. 2a 3b
17. Find ratio point and substitute in the line.

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Y
1 a a
b 1 b 0 B(0, 4)
25. Use det properties
c c 1
2 C A
26.  2a  3b   c2  0 X
2 2
39.  8  8 
27. a – (b + c) = 0 ; (a – b – c) (a + b + c) = 0   ,0  ,0
Either a – b – c = 0 or a + b + c = 0  3  3 
 –a + b + c = 0 D(0, –4)
 Family of lines passing through (–1,1) and (1,1). Enclosed Area ABCD= 4 Area AOB
1 8 64
28. t1 , t2 , t3 roots of y  xt  2at  at 3  4   4  sq.units.  f  n   2n
2 3 3
29. Family of lines  x  y  1    2 x  3 y  5   0 1
required area  f  6 
passes through a point such that x  y  1  0 , 3
2
2x  3y  5  0 1 1
30. a,b,c are in A.P 40.   x  k  dx   6  .
40 2
31. Let slope of another side is m 41. From diagram 3  450    150
m 1 42. from diagram 3  1800    600
tan 600  ;
1  m m  2  3 43. Intersecting 2 x  3 y  5  0 and 3 x  5 y  2  0
32. PQR is right angle triangle radius = altitude is (1,1). Find the image of (1,1) w.r.to x  y  2
33. Consider B   p,0  C  p,0  A  0, q  44. If we reflect y  x  2 in y-axis, it will becomes
34. Since m1 , m2 are the roots of the y   x  2  x  2 . The reflected lines are
x 2  ax  a  1  0, y  x  2, y   x  2 . Their combined equation
is  y  x  2  y  x  2   0
so m1  m2  a; m1m2    a  1
2
2 2  y2  x  2  0
  m1  m2    m1  m2   4m1m2
 y2  x2  4x  4  0
2
 a 2  4  a  1   a  2 
2
 
45. using symmetric form we get A  1, 3 , G devides
a  a  2 AD in the ratio 2:1
 the required area is    2  a  1 46. AC : 3 x  2 y  k ; 3  6  k , 3 x  2 y  9
since area is positive quantity, so we get two M : 1, 6  ,C 3,9 G  2, 4 
answers 47. Triangle is obtuse
35. Find the area of the triangle formed by the lines 48. Triangle is obtuse angled
x  y  2 , 2x  2 y  1 , x  0 49. Let A(h,k) , D  ,   be the point on BC Then
36. Let D is the mid point of AB
 2  h 2   k 
1 71  ,    0, 0  &     2  0 ,
OD  , AD  ,  3 3 
2 2 AB  2 AD  k 0
and    1  1 gives     1 and
p2  h0
37. required area  where p is distance between h=k=-2 . Hence A(-2,-2)
3
parallel lines 1 2
50. m1  , m  , m2 is slope of reflected line
2 2 3
38. Area of  = le where  is determinent of m1  m m  m2
212 3 use 1  mm  1  mm
3 lines 1 2

PINEGROVE 311
 STRAIGHT LINES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

51. ax  by  1 will be one of the bisectors of the given EXERCISE-IV

line. Equation of bisectors of the given lines are PREVIOUS YEAR'S MAINS
3x  4 y  5  5 x  12 y  10  OFFLINE QUESTION
  
5  13 
x y
 64 x  8 y  115 or 14 x  112 y  15 01. The line L given by   1 passes through
5 b
64 8 14 12 the point (13, 32). The line K is parallel to L
 a , b or a  , b 
115 115 15 115 x y
19 3 and has the equation   1 . The distance
52. x1  10, y1  2 & x2  , y2  c 3
2 2 between L and L is; [JEE Main 2010]
28 4
x3  , y3  17
3 3 1) 17 2)
15
53. Equation of AB is x + y = 21, Number of integral
solutions of x + y < 21 is 20C2 23 23
3) 4)
57. Clearly Q, R are the two positions of the third 17 15
vertex. P(acos 30º, asin 30º), Q(0, a), R(a cos 30º,
02. The line 2x  y  k passes through the point
 3a a   3a a 
 
–a sin 30º) i.e. P  2 , 2  , Q(0, a) R  2 , 2 
which divides the line segment joining the
    points (1,1) and (2,4) in the ratio 3 : 2 then k
Y equals to; [JEE Mains 2012]
Q(0, a)
29 11
x  3y 1) 2) 5 3) 6 4)
5 5
a (a cos30°, a sin30°)
a
30°
03. A ray of light along x  3 y  3 gets
X
O reflected upon reaching x-axis the equation of
reflected ray is: [JEE Mains 2013]
R
58. Y Let B   ,   and 1) y  x  3 2) 3 y  x  3
y = 2x
3) y  3x  3 4) 3 y  x  1
middle point AB is  h, k  ,
A 04. Let PS be the median of the triangle with
Then,
4
y=x vertices P(2, 2), Q(6, –1) and R(7,3). The
A   2h   , 2k    lies on equation of the line passing through (1, –1)
B
y  2 x then and parallel to PS is: [JEE Mains 2014]
X 1) 4 x  7 y  3  0 2) 2 x  9 y  11  0
O   4h  2k ..... 1 AB  4
2 2
3) 4 x  7 y  11  0 4) 2 x  9 y  7  0
  h   4h  2k     k   4h  2k    4 05. The number of points, having both
2 2
  3h  2k    4h  3k   4 coordinates as integers, that lie in the interior
of the triangle with vertices (0, 0), (0, 41) and
or 25h 2  13k 2  36hk  4
(41, 0) is : [JEE Mains 2015]
Required locus is 25 x 2  13 y 2  36 xy  4  0 1) 901 2) 861
3) 820 4) 780
Here, h 2  ab and   0  ellipse

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 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I STRAIGHT LINES

06. Two sides of a rhombus are along the lines, 11. If extremities of the base of an isosceles
x  y  1  0 and 7 x  y  5  0 . If its triangle are the points (2a, 0) and (0, a ) and
diagonals intersect at (-1,-2), then which one the equation of one of the sides is x  2a ,
of the following is a vertex of this rhombus. then the area of the triangle , in square units, is:
[JEE Mains 2016] [JEE Mains 2013]
1 8  10 7  5 2 5 2
1)  ,   2)   ,   1) a 2) a
 3 3  3 3 4 2

3)  3, 9  4)  3, 8  25a 2

3) 4) 5a 2
07. A straight line through a fixed point (2, 3) 4
intersects the coordinate axes at distinct 12. Let 1 be the angle between two lines
points P and Q. If O is the origin and the 2 x  3 y  c1  0 and  x  5 y  c2  0 , and
rectangle OPRQ is completed, then the locus
 2 be the angle between two lines
of R is: [JEE Mains 2018]
1) 3x  2 y  xy 2) 3 x  2 y  6 xy 2 x  3 y  c1  0 and  x  5 y  c3  0 , where

3) 3 x  2 y  6 4) 2 x  3 y  xy c1 , c2 , c3 are any real numbers:

PREVIOUS YEAR'S MAINS [JEE Mains 2013]
ONLINE QUESTION Statement 1 : If c2 and c3 are proportional,
08. A light ray emerging from the point source then 1   2 .
placed at P (1,3) is reflected at a point Q in Statement 2 : for all c2 and c3.
the axis of x. If the reflected ray passes 1) Statement -1 is true; Statement -2 true;
through the point R (6, 7) , then the abscissa of Statement -2 is correct explanation of
Q is: [JEE Mains 2013] Statement -1
2) Statement -1 is true; Statement -2 true;
7 5
1) 1 2) 3 3) 4) Statement -2 is not correct explanation of
2 2
Statement -1
09. If three lines x  3 y  p , ax  2 y  q and
3) Statement -1 is false; Statement – 2 is true.
ax  y  r from a right angled triangle then:
4) Statement -1 is true; Statement – 2 is false.
[JEE Mains 2013]
13. If the image of point P(2, 3) in a line L is Q(4,
1) a  9a  18  0
2
5), then the image of point R(0, 0) in
2) a 2  6a  12  0 the same line is: [JEE Mains 2013]
3) a 2  6a  18  0 1) (2, 2) 2) (4, 5)
4) a 2  6a  12  0 3) (3, 4) 4) (7, 7)
10. The x-intercept of some line L is double as 14. Let A(-3,2) and B(-2,1) be the vertices of a
triangle ABC. If the centroid of this triangle lies
that of the line, 3 x  4 y  12 and the y-
on the line 3x  4 y  2  0 , then the vertex C
intercept of L is half as that of the same line,
then the slope of L is: [JEE Mains 2013] lies on the line: [JEE Mains 2013 ]
1) -3 2) -3/8 1) 4 x  3 y  5  0 2) 3 x  4 y  3  0
3) -3/2 4) -3/16 3) 4 x  3 y  3  0 4) 3 x  4 y  5  0

PINEGROVE 313
 STRAIGHT LINES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

15. Let a, b, c and d be non-zero numbers. If the 20. If a line intercept between the coordinate axes
point of intersection of the lines is trisected at a point A(4, 3), which is nearer
4ax  2ay  c  0 and 5bx  2by  d  0 lies to x-axis, then its equation is:
in the fourth quadrant and is equidistant from [JEE Mains 2014]
the two axes then: [JEE Mains 2014 ] 1) 4 x  3 y  7 2) 3 x  2 y  18
1) 3bc-2ad  0 2) 3bc+2ad  0 3) 3 x  8 y  36 4) x  3 y  13
3) 2bc-3ad  0 4) 2bc+3ad  0
21. If the three distinct lines x  2ay  a  0 ,
16. Given three points P, Q, R with P(5, 3) and R
lies on the x-axis. If equation of RQ is x  3by  b  0 and x  4ay  a  0 are
x  2 y  2 and PQ is parallel to the x-axis, concurrent, then the point (a, b) lies on a :
[JEE Mains 2014 ]
then the centroid of PQR lies on the line:
1) Circle 2) Hyperbola
[JEE Mains 2014 ]
3) Straight line 4) Parabola
1) 2 x  y  9  0 2) x  2 y  1  0
 8
3) 5 x  2 y  0 4) 2 x  5 y  0 22. The points  0,  , (1, 3) and (82, 30):
 3
17. If a line L is perpendicular to the line
[JEE Mains 2015 ]
5 x  y  1 , and the area of the triangle formed
1) Form an obtuse angled triangle.
by the line L and the coordinate axes is 5, then
2) Form an acute angled triangle.
the distance of line L from the line x  5 y  0 . 3) Form a right angled triangle.
[JEE Mains 2014 ] 4) Lie on a straight line.
7 5 23. Let L be the line passing through the point P(1,
1) 2)
5 13 2) such that its intercepted segment between
7 5 the co-ordinate axes is bisected at P. If L1 is
3) 4) the line perpendicular to L and passing through
13 7
the point (–2, 1), then the point of intersection
18. The circumcentre of a triangle lies at the origin
of L and L1 is:
and its centroid is the midpoint of the line
[JEE Mains 2015]
segment joining the points (a 2  1, a 2  1)
 4 12   11 29 
and (2a, 2a) , a  0 . Then for any a, the 1)  ,  2)  , 
5 5   20 10 
orthocenter of this triangle lies on the line:
[JEE Mains 2014 ]  3 17   3 23 
3)  ,  4)  , 
1) y  2ax  0 2) y  ( a 2  1) x  0  10 5   5 10 
24. A straight line L through the point (3, 2) is
3) y  x  0 4) ( a  1) 2 x  ( a  1) 2 y  0
inclined at an angle of 60o to the line
19. The base of an equilateral triangle is along the
3 x  y  1 . If L also intersects the x-axis,
line given by 3 x  4 y  9 . If a vertex ofthe
then the equation of L is: [JEE Mains 2015]
triangle is (1, 2), then the length of a side of
the triangle is: [JEE Mains 2014 ] 1) y  3x  2  3 3  0

2 2 4 3 2) y  3x  2  3 3  0
1) 2)
15 15 3) 3y  x  3  2 3  0
4 3 2 3 4) 3y  x  3  2 3  0
3) 4)
5 5
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25. If the incentre of an equilateral triangle is (1,1) 29. The point (2, 1) is translated parallel to the line
and the equation of its one side is L : x  y  4 by 2 3 units. If the new point Q
3 x  4 y  3  0 , then the equation of the
lies in the third quadrant, then the equation of
circumcircle of this triangle is: the line passing through Q and perpendicular
[JEE Mains 2015] to L is: [JEE Mains 2016]
1) x 2  y 2  2 x  2 y  2  0
1) x  y  2  6 2) x  y  3  3 6
2 2
2) x  y  2 x  2 y  14  0
3) x  y  3  2 6 4) 2 x  2 y  1  6
3) x 2  y 2  2 x  2 y  2  0 A square, of each side 2, lies above the x-axis
30.
4) x 2  y 2  2 x  2 y  7  0 and has one vertex at the origin. If One of the
26. A ray of light is incident along a line which sides passing through the origin makes an
meets another line, 7 x  y  1  0 , at the point angle 30o with the positive direction of the x-
(0,1). The ray is then reflected from this point axis, then the sum of the x-coordinates of the
vertices of the square is; [JEE Mains 2017]
along the line, y  2 x  1. Then the equation
of the line of incidence of the ray of light is: 1) 2 3  1 2) 2 3  2
[JEE Mains 2016 ] 3) 32 4) 3  1
31. In a triangle ABC, coordinate of A are (1,2)
1) 41x  38 y  38  0 and the equations of the medians through
2) 41x  25 y  25  0 B and C are respectively, x  y  5 and
3) 41x  38 y  38  0 x  4 . Then area of ABC (in sq. units) is:
4) 41x  25 y  25  0 [JEE Mains 2018 ]
27. A straight line through origin O meets the lines 1) 12 2) 4 3) 5 4) 9
3 y  10  4 x and 8 x  6 y  5  0 at points A
and B respectively. Then O divides the EXERCISE-IV
segment AB in the ratio: [JEE Mains 2016 ] 01) 3 02) 3 03) 2 04) 4 05) 4 06) 1 07) 3
1) 2:3 2) 1:2 08) 4 09) 1 10) 4 11) 2 12) 3 13) 4 14) 2
15) 1 16) 4 17) 4 18) 2 19) 2 20) 3 21) 3
3) 4:1 4) 3:4
22) 3 23) 3 24) 3 25) 4 26) 1 27) 3 28) 3
28. If a variable line drawn through the intersection 29) 3 30) 3 31) 4
x y x y
of the lines   1 and   1 , meets
3 4 4 3
*******
the coordinate axes at A and B, (A  B) , then
the locus of the midpoint of AB is:
[JEE Mains 2016]
1) 6 xy  7( x  y )
2) 4( x  y ) 2  28( x  y )  49  0
3) 7 xy  6( x  y )
4) 14( x  y ) 2  97( x  y )  168  0

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 STRAIGHT LINES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

W.E.-3: In ABC , A=,  , B  1, 2 , C  2,3

ADVANCED MAIN POINTS
and point A lies on the line y=2x+3 where
W.E.-1: The vertices of a triangle are A(a,a Tan a) ,   I . If the area of  ABC such that
B(b,bTanb) and C c, cTan γ  . If the
  2 where  .  denotes the greatest integer
circumcentre of  ABC coincides with the
function.  is area of  ABC then all
origin and H  x, y is the orthocentre, then possible co-ordinates of A are
y Sol: ,   lie on y  2 x  3    2  3

x 1
Sol: OA = OB = OC =R ( circum radius )  2
2
a  R cos , b  R cos  , c  R cos 
1 
 A   R cos , R sin  , B   R cos  , R sin      2     2   2
 2 
C   R cos  , R sin     2,3, 7, 6 , hence possible co-ordinates of
A are (2,7), (3,9), (-7,-11) and (-6,-9)
 Rcos cos  cos  Rsin  sin  sin 
G  ,  W.E-4:  ABC is right angled at C. If A = (1,2),
 3 3  circum centre of  ABC is at (6,2), length of
3G  H  2O  x  R cos   cos   cos   side AC is 8 units, then possible coordinates
of C are
y  R sin   sin   sin   Sol:

y sin   sin   sin  C


x cos   cos   cos 

 a 3 a 2  3   b3 b 2  3 
 
W.E.-2:If the points  a 1 , a 1  ,  b 1 , b 1  8 6
  
 c3 c 2  3

and  c 1 , c 1  are collinear for three
 
distinct value a,b,c and a  1, b  1, c  1 A S P B
(1, 2) (6, 2) (11, 2)
then abc  bc  ca  ab  3a  b  c is
Sol: Let lx  my  n  0 be the line passing through the 1
CS  AB  5
given points 2
 t 3   t 2  3  24
 l    m   n  0 CP=height of the triangle=
 t 1  t 1  5
where t =a,b,c 576 7
SP  52   ,
 lt  mt  nt  3m  n  0
3 2 25 5
m n  37 
a bc  , ab  bc  ca  , P   ,2
l l  5 
3m  n  37 24   37 24 
abc  C   , 2   or  ,2  
l  5 5   5 5 

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 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I STRAIGHT LINES

W.E-5: Let A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 be a regular hexagon 2m 2

2 2 m2
inscribed in a circle of unit radius. Then the If m  n then locus is x  2 x y  2
m  n2 m  n2
area of the greatest triangle inscribed in the 2 2
regular hexagon is  m2   mn 
x 2 2 
 y2   2 2 
y-axis  m n  m n 
1 3  m   m 
A2 A1  , 
2 2  Locus of P is circle having K  ,0, L ,0
mn  mn 

A3 60
as ends of diameter. PK , PL are internal and
x-axis
0 M A0(1,0) external angle bisectors of OPA .
Sol:
W.E-8: Given two non parallel line segments AB
A4 A5 and CD . The locus of point P for which the
areas of  APB and  CPD are equal.
 1 3 1  3 Sol: The straight lines which pass through the point of
A2    ,  , A3   1, 0  A5   ,  so  
intersection lines AB and CD , the distances of P
 2 2  2 2   
from lines AB, CD are reciprocal to the ratio
3 2
area of equaliateral triangle A1A 3A 5 is  A1 A5  AB:CD (Excluding the point of intersections of the
4 straight lines)
W.E-6: Two mutually perpendicular straight lines
W.E-9: y  1  m1  x  3 and y  3  m2  x  1 are
are given on a plane. The locus of point on
the plane the sum of its distances from the two family of straight lines  m1 , m2  R  , at
given straight lines is equal to the sum of the
right angles to each other. The locus of
quantities which are reciprocals of the given
their point of intersection is:
distances.
y 1 y 3
Sol: Let p  x1 , y1  be a point in the locus. Given Sol: m1  m2 
x 3 x 1
1 1 m1m2  1  x 2  y 2  4 x  4 y  6  0
condition is x1  y1  x  y  x1 y1  1
1 1
W.E-10: The figure given below represent an
Locus of p  x1 , y1  is x y  1 equilateral triangle ABC of side length 2
(union of two hyperbolas) units. Locus of vertex C as the side AB slides
along the coordinate axes is
W.E-7: Distance between two given points is 1.
The locus of point whose distances from the y-axis
two given points are in the ratio m:n is
Sol: Let p  x1 , y1  be a point in the locus
Assume given points O = (0,0) , A = (1,0) 2
Given condition OP:AP = m:n B C

n 2
 m 2  x12  2m 2 x1   n 2  m 2  y12  m 2
Locus of P is 2 2

n 2
 m 2  x 2  2m 2 x   n 2  m 2  y 2  m 2
If m = n then locus is x-axis
O A
x=1/2 (perpendicular bisector of OA )

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 STRAIGHT LINES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

Sol: Let C  x1 , y1  be vertex of the triangle W.E-15: A line is such that its segment between
the straight lines 5x-y-4=0 and 3x+4y-4=0 is
x1  2 cos   2 cos 1200     cos   sin  bisected at the point (1,5). The equation of the
line is
y1  2 sin 1200     3 cos   sin  Sol: Let L=0 be line passing through (1,5) and intersect
given lines at A,B Let  be inclination of L=0
x12  y12  4  4 3 sin  cos  ;
A  1  r cos  ,5  r sin   ,
x1 y1  3  4sin  cos 
B  1  r cos  ,5  r sin  
Locus is x 2  y 2  3 xy  1
19
W.E-11: If origin is translated to the point (1, 0) A lies on 3x+4y-4=0  r 
3cos   4sin 
then transformed equation of the line
4
3t 3 B lies on 5x-y-4=0  r 
represented by x  t  9 and y 
3  6 (t is 5cos   sin 
4 19 4 83
parameter)   tan   ,
3 co s   4 sin  5 cos   sin  35
Sol: t 3  x  9 , 4 y  3t 3  24 ; 4 y  3  x  9   24 equation of the line is 83 x  35 y  92  0
transformed equation is 3X-4Y = 0
W.E-16: The equations of two equal sides AB and
W.E-12: The locus of mirror image of (4,7) in the AC of an isosceles triangle ABC are x+y=5
line (2x+y-5) + m(2y-3x+4)=0 (m is varying) is and 7x-y-3=0 respectively. The equation of the
Sol: The variable line passing through fixed point (2,1) side BC if the area of the triangle ABC is 5 sq.
image of (4,7) is at a constant distance from (2,1), units is/are
hence locus is circle Sol: Let m be slope of BC
W.E-13: Given the family of lines a(3x+4y+6) m  m1 m  m2 1
+b(x+y+2)=0. The line of the family situated   m  , 3
1  mm1 1  mm2 3
at the greatest distance from the point p(2,3)
has equation. case i: suppose m=1/3
Sol: A=point of intersection of 3x+4y+6=0,x+y+2=0 1
Let the equation of BC be y  x  c
 A   2, 0  3
Equation of line which is greatest distance is 1
  1
4 Tan  3 2
y  x  2 1
3 1   1
 4x  3y  8  0 3
AD
W.E-14 : From a point P  (3, 4) perpendiculars From  A B D , Tan   p  2a
BD
PQ and PR are drawn to the line 3x+4y-7 = 0
and a variable line y-1 = m(x-7) respectively, 1
area of  ABC =5sq.u  .2a.P  5  P  10
then the maximum area of  PQR is 2
1  Length of the perpendicular from Ato BC = 10
Sol: Area of  PQR  PQ.h
2 1
1 18 4c
3 21 1
(h is height)  . h   10  c  ,
2 5 1 3 3
(if area is maximum then h has the greatest value) 1
9
Greatest value of h = distance between (3,4) and
(7,1).  Maximum area = 9 Equations of BC are 3y = x+21, 3y = x+1

318 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I STRAIGHT LINES

case ii: Suppose m  3 Sol: Equation of required line ‘L’ is

Let equation of BC be y  3 x  c (ax+by+c)+  (lx+my+n) =0,  is a parameter
A  x1 , y1  is equidistant from L=0, L2  0
3   1 1
tan   
1   3  1 2 lx1  my1  n  ax1  by1  c     lx1  my1  n 
  2 2
l2  m2  a  l   b   m 
p
From  ADC , tan    a  2 p
a lx1  my1  n   lx1  my1  n 
Area of  ABC =5 sq.u  
l 2  m2 2
 a  l    b   m 
2

1 5
 .2a. p  5  p  a  b  2 2
2 2  ax  by  c  0     
1 1
P= is perpendicular distance of BC 2al  2bm
 Equation of L is
5 7c 2  al  bm  ax  by  c    a 2  b 2   lx  m y  n   0
   c  2,12
2 10
W.E-19: For a>b>c>0, the distance between (1,1)
 Equation of BC are and the point of intersection of the lines
y = –3x+2, y = –3x+12. ax+by+c=0 and bx+ay+c=0 is less than 2 2
W.E-17: The equation of the sides of the triangle then (JEE ADV 2013)
having (3,-1) as a vertex, x-4y+10=0 and  c c 
6x+10y-59=0 being the equations of an angle Sol: Point of intersection is  ,  =p(say)
bisector and a median respectively drawn from  ab ab
different vertices are Let A=(1,1)
2 2
Sol: Let BP, CQ be the median, angle bisector of C  c   c 
PA  1    1   2 2
respectively.  ab   ab 
 4  7   1  2 2
Let C   4  10,    P   ,   a  b  c  4a  b
 2 2 
  c  a  b  c  3a  3b   0
P lies on 6 x  10 y  59  0    5, C  10,5 
since a>b>c>0, We get a+b-c>0
Equation of AC is 6 x  7 y  25
W.E-20: The locus of the orthocentre of the
Let R(h,k) be image of A w.r.t CQ triangle formed by the lines
 
 R 1,7  lie on BC Equation of BC 2x+9y=65 1  p  x  py  p 1  p   0 ,
 7  1 q x  qy  q 1  q  0 and y=0 where
Solving equations of BP, BC we get B   ,8 
 2  p  q is (IIT JEE 2009)
 Equation of AB is 18x+13y=41 Sol: Equations of sides of triangle are
1  p  x  py  p 1  p   0  1
W.E-18: Lines L1  ax  by  c  0 and
L2  lx  my  n  0 intersect at a point P and 1 q x  qy  q 1  q  0  2
make an angle  with each other. The y=0  3
Solving 1 and 3 B=(-p,0)
equation of the line L different from L2 which
Solving 2 and 3 C    q, 0 
passes through P and makes the same angle
Solving 1 and 2 A(pq,(p+1)(q+1))
with L1 is Equation of altitude from A is x=pq  4

PINEGROVE 319
 STRAIGHT LINES
Equation of altitude from B is
q
y  x  p  5
1 q
Solving 4 and 5 we get orthocentre  pq ,  pq 
Locus of orthocentre is x+y=0
W.E-21: Consider the points and
P    sin      ,  cos  
Q   cos      ,sin  
R   cos        ,sin       where

0   ,  ,  , then P,Q,R are (JEE 2008)
4
Sol: P    sin      ,  cos     x1 , y1 
Q   cos      ,sin     x2 , y2 
R   x2 cos   x1 sin  , y2 cos   y1 sin  
The point collinear with P,Q is in the form
 x2 cos   x1 sin  y2 cos   y1 sin  
 , 
 cos   sin  cos   sin  
 P,Q,R are non-collinear.
W.E-22: The combined equation of two adjacent
sides of a rhombus formed in the first quadrant
is 7 x 2  8 xy  y 2  0 ; then slope of its longer
diagonal is
Sol: Longer diagonal is along acute angle bisector slope
of longer diagonal is 2
W.E-23: Two lines represented by the equation
x 2  y 2  2 x  1  0 are rotated about (1,0), the
line making the bigger angle with the positive
direction of the x-axis being turned by 450 in
the clock wise sense and the other line being
turned by 150 in the anticlock wise sense. The
combined equation of the pair of lines in their
new position is
Sol: Equations of lines in new position are
x  1  0 , y  3  x  1
The combined equation is

 x  1 y  3x  3  0  3 x 2  xy  0
 3 x 2  xy  2 3 x  y  3  0
320
JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I
W.E-24: If two lines represented by
x 4  x3 y  cx 2 y 2  xy 3  y 4  0 bisect the
angle between the other two, then the value
of 'c' is
Sol: One pair of lines represent the bisector of the angle
between the other pair, the product of the slopes
of each pair is 1 .
Let x 2  2hxy  y 2  0 be one pair of lines
x4 +x3 y+cx2 y2 -xy3 +y4   x + 2h xy-y  h x -2x y-h y 
2 2 2 2
comparing like terms , c = –6
W.E-25: Area of the triangle formed by the line
x+y=3 and the angle bisectors of the pairs of
straight lines x 2  y 2  2 y  1 is (IIT JEE
2004)
Sol: Given pair of lines x    y  1
Equation of lines which bisect the angles between
lines x    y  1 are x=0, y=1
Area of triangle formed by the lines
x+y-3=0, x=0, y=1 is 2sq.u
W.E-26:If pair of lines 3 x 2  4 xy  3 y 2  0 is

rotated about the origin by in the anti clock
6
wise sense, The equation of the pair of the lines
in the new position is
Sol: Given pair of lines 3 x 2  4 xy  3 y 2  0
  
3x  y x  3 y  0 
 y  tan 600 x, y  tan 300 x
after rotation, the lines are
y   tan 60 0  x , x  0
equation of pair of lines in the new position is
PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I STRAIGHT LINES

EXERCISE - V A)  2 / 3 d 2  d  1 B) 2 d 2

 d 1 / 3
SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. If
a
2
b
c

c
b
where a, b, c  0 then C) 2 d 2

 d 1 D) d 2
 d 1
bc
family of lines 7. If the point P   2 ,   lies in the region
ax  by  c  0 passes
through the point corresponding to the acute angle between the
lines x  3y  0 and x  5y  0 then
A) 1,1 B) 1, 2  C)  1, 2  D)  1,1
2. The number of integer values of  for which A)    5,15  B)    5,8 
the x-coordinates of the point of intersection C)    4,8 D)    3,5 
of the lines 3x  4y  9 and y  x  1 is also 8. 2
The point (a , a+1) lies in the angle between
an integer is m. Then the area between the the lines 3 x  y  1  0 and x  2 y  5  0
lines y  mx  r, r  1, 2 and bounded by containing the origin if
coordinate axes is (in sq.units)
1   1
3 4 1 4 A) a   3, 0    ,1 B) a   3, 
A) B) C) D) 3   3
4 9 3 3
3. Let 2a  3b  c  0 . If x  5y  7  0 and 1  1 
C) a   , 3   ,1 D) a   ,  
L = 0 are angle bisectors of two lines 3  3 
L1  0, L 2  0 and L  0 is a member in the 9. On the portion of the straight line x + y = 4
which is intercepted between the axes, a square
family of lines ax  by  c  0 then area of is constructed away from the origin, with the
triangle formed by L = 0 with coordinate axes portion as one of its side. If ‘d’ denote the
is (in sq.units) perpendicualr distance of a side of this squre
49 49 49 from the origin, then maximum value of ‘d’ is
A) 49 B) C) D) A) 2 2 B) 3 2 C) 4 2 D) 6 2
2 5 10
4. The line 2 x  y  4 meet x-axis at A and 10. The equation of line segment AB is y = x. If A
y-axis at B. The perpendicular bisector of AB & B lie on same side of line mirror 2 x  y  1 ,
meets the horizontal line through (0,-1) at C. then the equation of image of AB with respect
Let G be the centroid of ABC . The to line mirror 2 x  y  1 is
perpendicular distance from G to AB equals A) y  7 x  5 B) y  7 x  6
5 C) y  3 x  7 D) y  6 x  5
A) 5 B) C) 2 5 D) 3 5
3 11. A line passing through P (6, 4) meets the
5. The distance of any point (x,y) from the origin coordinates axes at A and B resepctively. If O
is the origin, then locus of the centre of the
is defined as d  max  x , y  , then the circumcircle of triangle OAB is
distance of the common point for the family of
A) 3x 1  y 1  1 B) x 1  2y 1  1
lines x 1      y  2    0
C) x 1  y 1  1 D) 3x 1  2y 1  1
(  being parameter) from origin is
12. Let ax  by  c  0 be a variable straight line,
A) 1 B)2 C) 5 D) 0 where a,b and c are 1st, 3rd and 7th terms of
6. The distance between two parallel lines is 1 some increasing A.P. Then the variable straight
unit. A point ‘A’is chosen to lie between the line always passes through a fixed point which
lines at distance ‘d’ from one of them.Triangle lies on
ABC is equilateral with B on one line and C on A) x 2  y 2  13 B) x 2  y 2  5
the other parallel line the length of the side of
the equilateral triangle is (in units) C) y 2  9 x D) 3 x  4 y  9

PINEGROVE 321
 STRAIGHT LINES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

13 . Line L has intercepts a and b on the coordinate 19. Two of the straight lines given by
axes. When the axes are rotated through a 3x 3  3x 2 y  3xy 2  py3  0 are at right angles.
fixed given angle keeping the origin fixed, the
The equation of line passing through (1, 1) and
same line L has intercepts p and q, then
perpendicular to y = px is
1 1 1 1
A) a2 + b2 = p2 + q2 B) 2  2  2  2 A) x  3y  4  0 B) 3x  y  2  0
a b p q C) 3x  y  4  0 D) x  3y  2  0
1 1 1 1 20. ABCD is a square whose vertices A (0,0) B
C) a2 + p2 = b2 + q2 D) 2  2  2  2 (2,0), C (2,2), D (0, 2). This square is rotated
a b b q
in the xy-plane with an angle of 30 0 in
14. Given the family of lines, anticlockwise direction about an axis passing
a  2x  y  4   b  x  2y  3  0 . Among the through the vertex A, the equation of the
diagonal BD of this rotated square is
lines of the family, the number of lines situated
at a distance of 10 from the point M  2, 3 is  
A) 3x  1  3 y  3

A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D)     
B) 1  3 x  1  2 y  2
15. If the angle between the lines represented by
1
6x2  5xy  4y2  7x 13y 3  0 is tan  m  and    
C) 2  3 x  y  2 3  1

a 2  b2  ab  a  b 1  0 then 5a  6b is equal to D) 3x  1  2  y  3  1
1 1 21 . The equations to a pair of opposite sides of
A) m B) C) 2m D) parallelogram are x 2 – 5x + 6 = 0 and
m 2m
y2 – 6y + 5 = 0, the equations to its diagonals
16. PQR is an equilateral triangle such that the
are
vertices Q and R lie on the lines x  y  2 A) x + 4y = 13, y = 4x – 7
and x  y  7 2 respectively. If P lies between B) 4x + y = 13, 4y = x – 7
C) 4x + y = 13, y = 4x – 7
the two lines at a distance 4 from one of them D) y – 4x = 13, y + 4x = 7
then the length of side of equilateral triangle 22. Two sides of a triangle having the joint
PQR is (in units) equation ( x -3y+1) ( x+y-2) =0 the third side
4 7 4 5 which is variable always passes through the
85
A) 8 B) C) D) point (-5,-1) , then possible values of slope of
3 3 3 the third side such that origin is an interior
17. P  m, n  m, n  N  is any point in the inerior point of triangle are..
 1  1 
A) 1,  B)  , 1
of the quadrilateral formed by the pair of lines
xy=0 and two lines 2x  y  2  0 and 5 5
4x  5y  20 then the possible number of C) 0, 2 D) 
positions of the points P is 23. Through the point P(3,4) a pair of
A) 4 B) 5 C) 6 D) 11 perpendicular lines are drawn which meet x-
18. If d1 , d 2 denotes the lengths of the axis at the points A and B. The locus of incentre
of triangle PAB is
perpendiculars from the point (2, 3) on the lines
A) x 2  y 2  6 x  8 y  25  0
given by 15x 2  31xy  14y 2  0 . If d1  d 2
B) x 2  y 2  6 x  8 y  25  0
2 2 1 1
then d1  d 2    C) x 2  y 2  6 x  8 y  25  0
74 13
A) - 2 B) 0 C) 2 D) 3 D) x 2  y 2  6 x  8 y  25  0

322 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I STRAIGHT LINES

2 2
24. Two parallel lines lying in the same quadrant  3  7  17
make intercepts a and b on x, y axes A)  x     y   
 2  10  50
respectively between them, then the distance
2 2
between the lines is  3  7  17
B)  x     y   
ab 1 1 1  2  10  50
A) 2 2 a B)
 b C) 2 2 D)
2
2
2 2
a b a b a b  3 
2
7 17
2

25. The four sides of a quadrilateral are given by C)  x     y   

 2  10  450
xy (x-2) (y-3) = 0. The equation of the line
2 2
parallel to x  4 y  0 that divides the  3  7 17
D)  x     y   
quadrilateral into two equal areas is  2  10  450
A) x  4 y  7  0 B) x  4 y  5  0 30. The line x + y= 1 meets x -axis at A and y- axis
C) x  4 y  11  0 D) x  4 y  3  0 at B. P is the midpoint of AB. P1 is the foot of
26. Each side of triangle ABC is divided into three the perpendicular from P to OA; M 1 is that
equal parts as shown in the figure ratio of area from P1 to OP; P2 is that from M 1 to OA and
of hexagon PQRSTU to area of triangleABC
so on. If Pn denotes the nth foot of the
A
perpendicular on OA from M n 1 then OPn
P U A) 1/2 B) 1/ 2n C) 1 / 2 n / 2 D) 1/ 2
Q T 31. A ray of light leaves the point (3, 4) reflects
is off the y-axis towards x-axis and again
after reflecting from x-axis finally arrives at
B R S C the point (8, 2) then the abscissa of point
where the reflected ray meets x-axis is
A) 5/9 B) 2/3 C) 1/2 D) 3/4
9 13 14 16
27. A line through P (3,4) cuts the lines x = 6 and y A) B) C) D)
= 8 at L and M respectively. Q is a variable 2 3 3 3
32 . If the lengths of the medians through acute
1 1 1 angles of a right angled triangle are 3 and 4
point on the line such that  
PQ PL PM then the area of the triangle is (in sq.units)
then the locus of Q is 4 2
A) 11 B) 11 C) 2 11 D) 3 11
A) 4 x  3 y  36  0 B) x 2  y 2  36 3 3
33. A line is drawn through the point (- 4,5)s u c h
C) 3 x  4 y  36  0 D) 4 x 2  9 y 2  36 that the distance of the point (-3,2) from the
28. ABCDEF is a regular hexagon in anticlockwise line is d then the maximum value of d
sense and A (2,0), B (4,0) then the coordinates 5
of C are A) 0 B) 10 C) D) 5
2
34. A lattice point in a plane is a point for which
9  5 3  3
both coordinates are integers. The number of
2  

A)  , 3  B) 5, 3 C)  2 , 2  D)

  2,
 2 

lattice points inside the triangle whose sides
are x  0, y  0 and 9x+223y=2007 is
29. Lines 1    x   4    y   2     0 A) 198 B) 173 C) 99 D) 888
35. A point P (x,y) moves such that the sum of its
and  4    x  1    y   6  3   0 are
distances from the lines 2 x  y  3  0 a n d
concurrent at points A and B respectively and
x  3 y  4  0 is 7.The area bounded b y
intersect at C then locus of centroid of  ABC
locus of P is (in sq.units)
is ( is parameter)
A) 70 B) 70 2 C) 35 2 D) 140

PINEGROVE 323
 STRAIGHT LINES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

36. A triangle ABC right angled at C moves 43. Let P = (–1, 0), Q= (0, 0) and R  (3,3 3) be
such that A and B always lie on the
three points. Then the equation of the bisector
positive x and y- axes then locus of C is
of the angle PQR in [IIT 2002]
A) Straight Line B) Circle
C) Parabola D) Ellipse 3
37. The slopes of sides of a triangle are -1,-2,3.If A) xy0 B) x  3y  0
2
the orthocentre of the triangle is the origin O;
3
y C) 3x  y  0 D) x  y0
then the locus of its centroid is  2
x
44. A straight line through the origin O meets the
2 2 2 2 parallel lines 4x + 2y = 9 and 2x + y + 6 = 0 at
A) B) C) D)
3 5 7 9 points P and Q respectively. Then the point O
38. Let  ,  be the roots of ax 2  2hx  b  0 divides the segment PQ in the ratio [IIT 2002]
A) 1 : 2 B) 3 : 4 C) 2 : 1 D) 4 : 3
and  ,  be the roots of a1 x 2  2h1 x  b1  0 . 45. The number of integral points (integral point
Consider the points means both the coordinates should be integers)
A( , 0) B (  , 0) C ( , 0) D( , 0). exactly in the interior of the triangle with
If the sum of ratios in which C and D vertices (0, 0), (0, 21) and
(21, 0) is [IIT 2003]
Divides AB is zero then ab1  a1b 
A) 133 B) 190 C) 233 D) 105
A) 0 B) hh1 C) 2hh1 D) -1 46. m, n are integer with 0  n  m . A is the point
39 . Let PQR be right angled isoscles triangle right (m,n) on the cartesian plane. B is the reflection
angled at P(2, 1). If the equation of the line of A in the line y = x. C is the reflection of B in
QR is 2x + y = 3, then the equation the y-axis, D is the reflection of C in the x-
representing the pair of lines PQ and PR is axis and E is the reflection of D in the y-axis.
[IIT 1999] The area of the pentagon ABCDE is
A) 3x 2  3y 2  8xy  20x 10y  25  0 A) 2m  m  n  B) m  m  3n 
B) 3x 2  3y 2  8xy  20x 10y  25  0 C) m  2m  3n  D) 2m  m  3n 
C) 3x  3y  8xy  20x 15y  25  0
2 2
47. Let O(0, 0), P(3, 4), Q(6, 0) be the vertices of
the triangle OPQ. The point R inside the
D) 3x 2  3y 2  8xy 10x 15y  25  0
triangle OPQ is such that the triangles OPR,
40. Let PS be the median of the triangle with PQR, OQR are of equal area. The coordinates
vertices P(2, 2), Q(6, –1) and R(7, 3). The of R are [IIT 2007]
equation of the line passing through (1, –1) and
parallel to PS is [IIT 2000] 4   2  4 4 2
A)  ,3  B)  3,  C)  3,  D)  , 
A) 2x – 9y – 7 = 0 B) 2x – 9y – 11 = 0 3   3  3 3 3
C) 2x + 9y – 11 = 0 D) 2x + 9y + 7 = 0 48. A straight line L through the point (3,-2) is
41. The number of integer values of m, for which
inclined at an angle 600 to the line
the x-coordinate of the point of intersection of
the lines 3x + 4y = 9 and y = mx + 1 is also an 3 x  y 1 , if L also intersects the x-axis,
integer [IIT 2001] then the equation of L is [IIT 2011]
A) 2 B) 0 C) 4 D) 1
42 . Area of the parallelogram formed by the lines A) y  3 x  2  3 3  0
y = mx, y = mx + 1, y = nx and
y = nx + 1 equals. (in sq units) [IIT 2001] B) y  3 x  2  3 3  0
| mn | 2 1 1 C) 3y  x  3  2 3  0
A) 2 B) C) D)
(m  n) | mn | | mn | | mn |
D) 3y  x  3  2 3  0

324 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I STRAIGHT LINES

MULTIPLE ANSWER QUESTIONS 54. Two lines from the family of

49. One of the bisectors of the angle between the lines 1  2  x  1    y  1  0 and the line
lines x+y=5 form an equilateral triangle. the
2 2
a  x  1  24  x  1 y  2   b  y  2   0 is equation of the two lines can be
x  2y  5  0 then the other bisector  
A) y  2  2  3  x  1 B) y  2  2  3  x  1 
A) 2x - y = 0 B) 2x - y - 1 = 0
 
C) Passes through origin D) Passes through (1,1) C) y  2  3  2  x  1 D) y  1  3  2  x  1 
50. For all values of  , the lines represented by
the equation 55. Let x1 and y1 be the roots of
 2 cos   3sin   x   3cos   5sin   y x 2  8 x  2009  0 ; x2 and y2 be the roots of
  5cos   2sin    0 3 x 2  24 x  2010  0 and x3 and y3 be the
A) Pass through a fixed point roots of 9 x 2  72 x  2011  0 .
B) Pass through the point (1, 1)
The points A  x1 , y1  B  x2 , y2  and C  x3 , y3 
C) Pass through a fixed point whose reflection in
A) can not lie on a circle

the lin e x  y  2 is 2  1, 2  1  B) forma triangle of area 2 sq. units
D) Pass through the origin C) form a right angled triangle
D) are collinear
51. A line through A  5, 4  with slope tan 
56. The sides of a triangle are the straight lines
meets the lines x  3y  2  0 ,
x  y  1, 7y  x and 3y  x  0 . Then which
2x  y  4  0 , x  y  5  0 at B, C, D
of the following is an interior point of the
respectively, such that
2 2 2
triangle
 15   10   6  A) Circumcentre B) Centroid
      then
 AB   AC   AD  C) Incentre D) orthocentre
15 10 57. A ray travelling along the line 3x  4 y  5
A)  cos   3sin  B)  2 cos   sin 
AB AC after being reflected from a line l travel along
6 2 the line 5 x  12 y 13 . Then the equation of
C)  cos   sin  D) Slope of the line is 
AD 3
the line l is
52. The lines L1 and L2 denoted by A) x  8 y  0 B) x  8 y
2 2
3x  10xy  8y  14x  22y  15  0 C) 32 x  4 y  65 D) 32 x  4 y  65  0
intersects at the point P and having slopes
58. All the point lying inside the triangle formed
m1 and m 2 respectively. The acute angle
by the points 1,3 ,  5,6  and  1, 2  satisfy
between them is  . Which of the following
relations hold good. A) 3x  2y  0 B) 2x  y  1  0
5 3 1  2 
C) 2x  11  0 D) 2x  3y  12  0
m
A) 1  m 2  m m
B) 1 2  C D)   sin   59. Two straight lines u = 0 and v = 0 passes the origin
4 8 5 5
D) Sum of abscissa and ordinate of point P is -1 7
and the angle between them is tan 1   . If the
53. Two sides of a rhombus ABCD are parallel to 9
lines y = x + 2 and y = 7x + 3. If the diagonals ratio of slopes of v = 0 and u = 0 is 9/2, then their
of the rhombus intersect at point (1, 2) and the equations are
vertex A is on the y -axis is, then the possible
coordinates of A are A) y  3 x and 3 y  2 x B) 2 y  3 x and 3 y  x
 5 C) y  3 x  0 and 3 y  2 x  0
A)  0, 2  B)  0, 0  C)  0,5 D)  0,3
  D) 2 y  3 x  0 and 3 y  x  0

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60. A ray of light travelling along the line PASSAGE : III

x  y 1 is incident on the x-axis and after Let A  0, 0  , B  5, 0  , C  5,3 and D  0,3 be
refraction it enters the other side of the the vertices of rectangle ABCD, If P is a
x-axis by turning  / 6 away from the variable point lying inside the rectangle ABCD
x-axis.The equation of the line along which the and d (P, L) denotes perpendicular distance of
refracted ray travels is point P from line L

  
A) x  2  3 y  1 B) 2  3 x  y 1  67. If d P,AB  min d  P,BC ,d  P,CD ,d  P,AD ,
then area of the region in which P lies is
C) y   2  3  x  2  3 (in sq.units)
17 19 21 23
D) y   2  3  x  2  3
A) B) C) D)
4 4 4 4
COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS 68. If d  P, AB
PASSAGE : I  max d  P, BC  , d  P, CD  , d  P, AD   ,
Consider 3 non-collinear points
then the area of the region in which P lies is
A  9,3 , B  7, 1 , and C 1, 1 . Let P(a, b) (in sq.units)
be the centre and R is the radius of circle ‘S’ A) 1 B) 1/2 C) 3/4 D) 1/4
passing through points A,B,C. Also 2
 3 2
H  x , y  are the coordinates of the orthocentre 69. If  d  P, AB   2    d  P, AD    1 , then
 
of triangle ABC whose area be denoted by  . area of region in which P lies is (in sq.units)
61. If D,E and F are the middle points BC, CA and
 
AB respectively then the area of the triangle A) 15  2 B) 10  C) 15   D) 15 
DEF is : 2 2
A) 12 B) 6 C) 4 D) 3 PASSAGE : IV
62. The value of a + b + R equals The line 6x+8y=48 intersects the coordinate
A) 3 B) 12 C) 13 D) None of these axes at A and B respectively. A line L
bisects the area and perimeter of triangle
63. The ordered pair  x , y  is : OAB where ‘O’ is origin
A) (9, 6) B) (9, -6) C) (9, -5) D) (9, 5) 70. The number of possible such lines is
PASSAGE : II A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) more than 3
The equation of an altitude of an equilateral 71. The slope of the line L can be
triangle is 3x  y  2 3 and one of its 10  5 6 10  5 6 83 6 83 6
A) B) C) D)

vertices is 3, 3 then  10 10 10
72. The line L does not intersect the side____of
10
64. The possible number of triangle(s) is the triangle OAB
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 A) AB B) OB C) OA D) can intersect all sides
65. Which of the following can not be the vertex
of the triangle MATRIX- MATCHING QUESTIONS
73. A line cuts x - axis at A and y - axis at B
A)  0, 0  
B) 0, 2 3  such that AB =  Match the following
Column I

C) 3,  3  D) 2 3, 0  A) Circumcentre of OAB
66. Which of the following can be the possible B) Orthocentre of OAB
orthocentre of the triangle
C) Incentre of the OAB
   
A) 1, 3 B) 0, 3 C)  0, 2  D)  0,3 D) Centroid of the OAB

326 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I STRAIGHT LINES

Column II (Locus of the point lies on) Column II

p) 0
2 2 2 q) 1
p) x  y 
9 r) 2
s) 4
2 2
2
q) x  y  76. Column I
4
A ) If a, b, c are in A.P, then lines ax  by  c  0
r) x 2  y 2  0 are concurrent
s) y  x B) A point on the line x + y = 4 which lies at a
74. Vertex A of the triangle ABC is at origin. unit distance from the line 4x + 3y = 10 is
The equation of medians through B and C C) Orthocentre of triangle made by lines x + y = 1,
x- y + 3 = 0, 2x + y = 7 is
are 15x  4y  240  0 and
D) Two vertices of a triangle are (5, -1) and
15x  52y  240  0 respectively (-2,3). If orthocentre is the origin then coordinate
Column I of the third vertex are
A) The coordinate of incentre of triangle ABC are Column II
p)  4, 7 
B) The coordinates of centroid of triangle ABC are
C) The coordinates of excentre opposite to vertex q)  7,11
C of triangle ABC are
r) 1, 2 
D) The coordinates of orthocentre of triangle ABC are
Column II s)  1, 2 
 56  t)  3,1
p)  ,10 
 3  77. Column I
q)  21,12  A) If the lines x  2ay  a  0, x  3by  b  0 ,
x  4cy  c  0 , where a, b, c  R are
r) 12, 21
concurrent, then a, b, c are in
s)  4,7  B) The point with coordinates (2a, 3a), (3b, 2b),
(c, c) where a, b, c  R are collinear, then a, b, c
t)  0, 63 are in
75. Column I C) If lines ax  2y  1  0, bx  3y  1  0 and
A) The number of integral values ‘a’ for which cx  4y  1  0 where a, b, c  passes through
point  a, a 2  lies completely inside the triangle the same point, then a, b, c are in
D) Let a, b, c be distinct non-negative real numbers.
x  0, y  0, 2y  x  3 . If the lines ax  ay  c  0, x  1  0,
B) The number of values of a of the form k/3 where
cx  cy  b  0 pass through the same point then
k  I so that point  a, a  lies between the lines
2
a, b, c are in
Column II
x  y  2 and 4x  4y  3  0
p) A.P.
C) The reflection of point  t  1, 2t  2  in a line is q) G..P
r) H.P
 2t  1, t  then the slope of the line is s) Neither A.P. nor G.P. nor H.P
D) In a triangle ABC, the bisector of angles B and INTEGER QUESTIONS
C lies along the lies y = x and y = 0. If A is (1, 2) 78. If the co-ordinates of the orthocentre of the
then 10 d  A, BC  equals (where d  A, BC  triangle formed by the lines
dentoes the perpendicualr distance of A from BC) y  0,37x  36y  37  36  0 and
64x  63y  64  63  0 is(a,b)then a  b  4535 is

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79. A straight line passing through the point (87, 88. Let the algebraic sum of the perpendicular
33) cuts the positive direction of the co-ordinate distances from the points (2, 0), (0, 2) and (1,
axes at the point P and Q. If O is the origin 1) to a variable straight line be zero; then the
then minimum area of the triangle OPQ is P line passes through a fixed point whose
then P - 5740 is coordinates are (a,b),then a+b is [IIT 1991]
80. If 12x 10xy  2y  11x  5y    0 represents a
2 2 89. Two rays in the first quadrant x + y = |a| and
ax – y = 1 intersect each other in the interval
pair of straight lines, then  2 is
a  (a 0 , ) , the value of a0 is ..... [IIT 2006]
81. A  3, 2  , B  2,5  be two points. If the point P 90. B (2, -7) is vertex of a triangle. Equation of
(O, K) on y - axis, such that PA  PB is altitude and median drawn from different
vertices are 3x  y  11  0 and
K 1 x  2 y  7  0 respectively. If the equation of
greatest, then is equal to
5  1
82. A straight line L through the origin meets the side AC is 7x  9y    0 then 
line x + y = 1 and x + y = 3 at P and Q 4
respectively. Through P and Q two straight 91. P is a point on the circumcircle of an
equilateral triangle ABC of side length 3
lines L1 and L2 are drawn, parallel to
2x - y = 5 and 3x + y = 5 respectively. Lines units then the value of PA2  PB 2  PC 2 is
92. The length of the largest altitude of the
L1 and L2 intersect at R. If the locus of R, as triangle formed by the lines 7x-2y+10=0,
L varies, is a straight line x  3y    0 , then 7x+2y-10=0 and y+2=0 is
 93. For any given line 15x+8y=34 minimum
83. P is a point in the plane of triangle ABC such value of x 2  y 2 is
that area  PAB  = area  PBC  94. If A  n, n 2  (where n  N ) is any point in the
= area  PCA  then the number of possible interior of the quadrilateral formed by x=0,
positions of P is y=0, 3x+y-4=0 and 4x+y-21=0then the
84. OPQR is square (‘O’ being origin) and M,N possible number of positions of A is
are middle points of sides PQ, QR 95. In a square ABCD, G1   3,5 and G2   5,3
respectively and the ratio of areas of square are the centroids of ABC and ACD then
P side of the square is (in units)
and triangle OMN is q (where P, q aree 96. The number of points on the line 3x+4y=5
relatively prime) then P – q is which are at a distance of sec 2   2cos ec 2
85. Number of lines which are equidistant from (for admissible values of  ) from the point
the three vertices of a triangle is (1, 3) is
86. A and B are two fixed points such that AB= ASSERTION & REASON
PA Each question contains STATEMENT – 1
3 units. P is a point such that  2 then
PB (Assertion) and STATEMENT – 2 (Reason).
the maximum area of triangle PAB is (in Each question has 4 choices (A), (B), (C) and
sq.units) (D) out of which ONLY ONE is correct.
87. Each side of a square is of length 4 units. The (A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True;
centre of the square is at (3, 7) and one of the Statement-2 is a correct explanation for
diagonals is parallel to the line y = x. If the Statement-1
vertices of the square be (B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True;
Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for
 x1 , y1  ,  x2 , y2  ,  x3 , y3  and  x4 , y4  , then Statement1.
max  y1 , y2 , y3 , y4   min  x1 , x2 , x3 , x4  is (C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(D) Statement -1 is False, statement-2 is True

328 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I STRAIGHT LINES

97. Statement-1: The coordinates of the point MATRIX MATCH QUESTIONS

which divides the line joining (5, –2) and (9, 6) 73) A-q;B-r; C-s; D-p 74) A-q; B-p; C-s; D-t
externally in the ratio 3 : 1 are (8, 4). 75) A-p; B-r; C-q;D-s 76) A-r;B-q,t ;C-s;D-p
Statement-2: If the equation 77) A-r; B-s; C-p; D-q
ax 2  2hxy  by 2  2gx  2fy  c  0 INTEGER QUESTIONS
represents a pair of parallel lines then 78) 1 79) 2 80) 4 81) 2 82) 5 83) 4 84) 5
85) 3 86) 3 87) 8 88) 2 89) 1 90) 5 91) 6
a h g 92) 7 93) 4 94) 1 95) 6 96) 2
 
h b f ASSERTION & REASON QUESTIONS
98. Statement-1:The point (–4, 1) lies on the non- 97) D 98) B 99) A 100) C
origin side of the line x – 4y + 2 = 0 LEVEL - V- HINTS
Statement-2: When point P  x1 , y1  lie above SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS
the line ax+by+c=0  b  0 then
1. a  2 bc  b  c 
2
 b  c  a   0
2

ax1  by1  c
b
0 or b  c  a  0  b  c  a  0
99. Statement-1:Four non-collinear points on the  ax  by  c passes through the fixed point(-1, 1)
xy-plane are A(2, 3), B(3, 5), C(7, 7) and 2. x - coordinate of point of intersection of
D(4, 5). 5
Statement-2: The point D is the centroid of the 3x  4y  9 and y  x  1 is
3  4
triangle ABC.
100. Lines L1 : y – x = 0 and L2 : 2x + y = 0 intersect Which is an integer if   1,   2  m  2
the line L3 : y + 2 = 0 at P and Q, respectively. Two lines are y  2x  1, y  2x  2
The bisector of the acute angle between L1 and 1 3
L2 intersects L3 at R. Area of the portion  1   sq.units
4 4
Stament-1 : The ratio PR : RQ equals 3. Point of concurrence of ax  by  c  0 is
2 2 : 5 . Because 1
Statement-2 : In any triangle, bisector of an 5

(2, 3) Slope of L is   1 
angle divides the triangle into two similar
 5
triangles. [IIT 2007]
Equation of line L = 0 is y  3  5  x  2 
LEVEL -V - KEY  5x  y  7  0
2
SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS 7 49
1) D 2) A 3) D 4) A 5) B 6) B 7) D Area of triangle   sq.units
2 5  1 10
8) A 9) D 10) B 11) D 12) A 13) B 14) B
15) C 16) B 17) C 18) C 19) D 20) C 21) C 1
4. Slope of CD is  C   5, 1
22) A 23) A 24) A 25) B 26) B 27) A 28) B 2
29) D 30) B 31) B 32) A 33) B 34) D 35) B Perpendicular distance from G to AB =
36) A 37) D 38) C 39) B 40) D 41) A 42) D 1/3 (perpendicular distance from C to AB).
43) C 44) B 45) B 46) B 47) C 48) B 5.Fixed point, p   2,1 Distance of P from origin = 2
MULTI ANSWER QUESTIONS B
L1
49) A,C 50) A,B,C 51) A,B,C,D 52) B,C,D 1-d X
53) A,B 54) A,B 55) A,D 56) B,C 57) B,C
58) A,B,C 59) A,B,C,D 60) A,C A 60
COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS 6.
61) D 62) B 63) C 64) B 65) D 66) A
67) C 68) D 69) D 70) A 71) B 72) C L2
C

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The equation of the same line after rotation of axes

From the figure x cos   30  0
 d x x
is   1
(i) x sin   1  d p q
Since the origin remains the same, the perpendicular
1 d distance of the line from origin must be unchanged.
(ii) Dividing (i) by (ii), we have 3 cot  
1 d 1 1
eliminate  
7. P lies in the actue angle So 12  12 1
2
1
 2
a b p q
  2  3  0 and  2  5  0
1 1 1 1
    , 0    3,   and    0,5     3,5   2
 2 2 2
a b p q
2
8. Intersection of x   y  1 with lines are 14. The point of intersection of the two lines are
2 y 1 4 1 4  1, 2 .
 y  1   y  1, y   p , 
3 3 9 3 Distance PM  10
 y  1
2 2
 5  2 y  y  4  y  2 Hence the required line is one which passes through

4 
 1, 2  and is  to P.M.
Q  1, 2  , R   9, 2   a  1   2,1   , 2  25
3  2 h 2  ab 2  24
4 15. tan   4 11 2m = 111
2 2 ab m  
9. Distance from origin to x + y - 4 = 0 is 2 2
2
and a  b  ab  a  b  1  0
2 2
Side length  16  16  4 2 2 2 2
Max distance  2 2  4 2  6 2   a  b    a 1   b 1  0 a  b  1

10. Image of (0,0) w.r.t. L lies on L1' . 5a  6b  11  2m

16. distance between parallel
 4 2   t 2  256  32t  4t 2  80t  256 where t  a2
Image of (0,0) w.r.t. L is  , 
5 5  112 112 112
t  a2  a
 4 2  3 3 3
L1' passes through (1,1) and  ,  .
5 5  17. m, n  N, 2m  n  2  0 and
11. Let mid point of AB   x1 , y1   M 4m  5n  20  0 possible pairs are
A   2x1 ,0  , B  0, 2y1  1,1 , 1, 2  , 1,3 ,  2,1 ,  2, 2  ,  3,1 Total = 6
x y 18. Two lines are 3x  2y  0 (1)
Equation of line AB is 2x  2y  1, and 5x  7y  0 (2)
1 1
and it passes through (6, 4) Perpendicular distances from (2, 3) to (1) and (2)
6 4 3 2 12 31 31 12
  1   1 are and Clearly d1  , d2 
2x1 2y1 x1 y1 13 74 74 13
1 1 961 144 1 1
Locus of M is 3x 1  2y 1  1  d12  d 22      
74 13 74 13 74 13
2d
12.  x  y  1   y  3  0 
962 143

a
74 13  13  11  2
 Fixed point   2, 3 which lies on x 2  y 2  13 19. py3  3xy 2  3x 2 y  3x 3  0
13. The equation of the line in the initial system is 3 2

x y y y y 
 p    3   3 3 0
  1. x 2 x 
a b
 pm 3  3m 2  3m  3  0 (1)

330 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I STRAIGHT LINES

y 23. PI = r cos ec 450  P I 2  2r 2

Whee m  m1 , m 2 , m 3 ae roots and
x 2 2
Let   I be  ,     3      4     2   
2

3
m1m 2  1 But m1m 2 m3    x 2  y 2  6 x  8 y  25  0
p
3 3 1 1 2 2 ab
 m3   m3  m is a root of (1)  p  3 24. 2 ab  2  h  a  b  h  2 2
p p 3 a b
25. It is the line passing through point of intersection of
1 diagonals and parallel to the given line
Equation of required line is y - 1 =  x  1 
3 26. Area of hexagon PQRSTU
i.e., x  3y  2  0 11 1 1 
20. New coordinates of =   ab sin C  bc sin A  ac sin B 
92 2 2 
  3  1 
B   0  2 
 
 , 0  2      3 ,1 , 1  2
  2   2  =  3 
9 3 3
  1  3 
C   0  2    , 0  2 
  2     1, 3   
A rea o f h exa g o n P Q R S T U

2
  2  A rea o f  A B C 3
3 1 x 3 y 4
New equation of BD is
y 3   x  1 27. Let the line be  r
  3 1  cos  sin 
Any point on this line be  3  r cos  , 4  r sin  
 
y  3   2  3  x  1   2  3 x  2  3  
4
 
i.e., 2  3 x  y  2 3  1   Substituting this in y=8, we get PL=
sin 
21. x2 – 5x + 6 = 0  (x - 2) (x - 3) = 0 3
 two of the parallel sides are x = 2, x = 3 Substituting this in x=6 we get PM=
y2 - 6y + 5 = 0  (y - 1) (y - 5) = 0 cos 
 other two parallel sides are y = 1, y = 5 1 sin  cos 
Y    12  3r sin   4r cos 
(2, 5) (3, 5) PQ 4 3
= 3  y  4   4  x  3  Locus is 4x+3y-36=0
x4 y0
0
 0
2 
28. Let C be (x,y) cos 60 sin 60
(2, 1) (3, 1)
X  x  5; y  3
29. Note that the given family of lines are 
So, the vertices of the parallelogram are (2, 1), (2,
5), (3, 1), (3, 5). Equation of the diagonal are  6  1   9 6 
A  , ; B   , 
1 5  5 5   5 5 
y5  (x  2)  4x + y = 13 and Let C be any point on the circle for which AB is
32
5 1 diameter
y 1 (x  2)  y = 4x - 7
32  15 34 7 34 
 C is  10  10 cos  , 10  10 sin    G is
 
m=1/5  45 34 21 34 
  cos   sin  
(0, 0)
 10 10 , 10 10    . 
 1  3 3 
22. m  1,   
(-5,-1)  5  
2 2
 3  7 17
 Locus of  .  is  x     y   
m=-1  2  10  450

PINEGROVE 331
 STRAIGHT LINES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

1  1  1  1 x C(x,y)
30. P1=  ,0  p2=  , 0  pn=  n ,0  OPn  n
2  4  2  2 90+-
a
31. BCD BOA and BOA FEA
B B
13 b
we get   90-
3 c
3 D
C
90- A
4-  F
(8,2)

B (0, ) A

 37.

90- 90- OA  BC  slope of OA  1, A( ,  )
O p- E
 A(, 0) 1
2
OB  CA  slope of OB  , B(2 ,  )
2 2 b 2
32. AE  9  a  9
4 1
OC  AB  slope ofOC   , C (3 ,  )
a2 16 44 3
BD 2  16   b 2  16  a 2  , b 2  The centroid
4 3 3
 4  y 2
1 1 4 2 11 4 G   2 ,   locus of G is 
Area  ab   11  9  x 9
2 2 3 3 3
38.
B
    a
  0  ( a   )(   )  2( a    )
   
a E

  2 h    2 h1 
    ab1  a1 b  2 hh1
D
 a   a1 
O A
b

33. d  AB cos  AB  max of d  AB  10 39. Each of the lines PQ and PR is inclined at angle
d 45° with QR. The slope of the lines, thus
2  tan 45o 2  1 2  1 1
  or   ,3
1  ( 2) tan 45 o
1 2 1 2 3

Combined equation of the lines PQ and PR is
A B
(-4,5) (-3,2)  1 
[(y  1)  3(x  2)] (y  1)  (x  2)  0
34. On the line y = 1, the number of lattice points  3 
 2007  223   (y - 3x + 5) (3y + x - 5) = 0
is 
 9   198 Total no of points  3y2 - 3x2 - 8xy + 20x + 10y - 25 = 0
 3x2 - 3y2 + 8xy - 20x - 10y + 25 = 0
8
 2007  223 y  40. Mid point of Q(6, -1) and R(7, 3) is
    888
y 1  9  6  7 1  3   13 
 2 , 2    2 ,1
   
35. 2 2 x  y  3  x  3 y  4  7 10
1 2 2
Slope of median through P  13 
 2 2 x  y  3   x  3 y  4  7 10 2
9
2
C 1  C 2 d 1  d 2  2
14 .10 Equation of the required line is
area    70 2
a1b 2  a 2 b1 14 2 2
y  1   (x  1) or 2x  9y  7  0
x  a cos( B   )  a(cos B cos   sin B sin  ) 9
a b  41. Solving two equations 3x + 4y = 9 and y = mx + 1,
 a  .cos   sin   5
36. c c  . we get x 
3  4m
y  b sin(  A)  b sin  cos A  b cos  sin A
Now x is integer if 3 + 4m = 1, -1, 5 or -5

332 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I STRAIGHT LINES

1 1 19  20
 m   , 1, , 2 = 19 + 18 + 17 + .... + 1   190
2 2 2
So, the integral values of m are -1 and -2 and clearly, 46. Area of rectangle BCDE = 4mn.
for these values of m, x is integer 2m  m  n 
42. Area of parallelogram OPQR = 2  area of triangle Area of ABE  = m 2  mn
2
 1 n 
OPQ Coordinates of P are  n  m , n  m  .  area of pentagon = 4mn  m 2  mn = m 2  3mn
 
47. Point R is the centroid of the triangle OPQ
 0  3  6 0  4  0   4 
0 0 1
 R is    3, 
  3 
,

1 1
Desired area = 2  0 1 1 3 3
2 |nm|
1 n
1
(  In  ABC, with centroid G, areas of 
nm nm GBC,  GCA &  GAB are equal)
y
48. The slope of the given line =  3
y = nx + 1  The slope of the desired line L will be given by
y = nx
y = mx + 1  3  tan 60 0  3  tan 600
(0,1) Q m
P
y = mx
 
1   3 tan 60 0  
or 1   3 tan 600

R O
x 2 3
 or 0  3 or 0
2
3 3
43. Slope of PQ   3 MULTI ANSWER QUESTIONS
3
49. Bisectors are perpendicular to each other, slope of
 tan   3  60o  PQR  120o
perpendicular bisector is 2
Bisector QS has 60° angle with RQ. It is passing through (1,2) Equation of other bisector is
 Slope of QS = tan 120° =  3
y  2  2  x  1 i.e., 2x  y  0
and its equation is y   3x .
44. Let r1 cos ,r1 sin   on 4x + 2y = 9 then 50.  2x  3y  5 cos    3x  5y  2  sin   0
9 Point of intersection of 2x  3y  5  0 and
r1 
4 cos   2 sin  3x  5y  2  0 is (1, 1)
Let  r2 cos , r2 sin   lies on 2x + y + 6 = 0 Let (h, k) be reflection of (1, 1) in the line
6 xy 2
Then r2 
2cos   sin  h 1 k 1 11 2
    h  2  1, k  2  1
OP r1 3 1 1 2
Thus the desired ratio     
OQ r2 4
45. Consider the line x = 1, which cuts the line joining 
  h, k   2  1, 2  1 
points (0, 21) and (21, 0) at (1, 20), so there are
19 integral points on this line inside the triangle. 51. A line through A  5, 4  with slope tan  is
Similarly the lines x = 2, x = 3, ...., x = 20 contain x5 y4
respectively 18, 17, ..., 0 integral points.   r Any point on the line is
y cos  sin 
  5  r cos , 4  r sin 
(0, 21)
If this lies on x  3y  2  0, we have
(1, 20)
5  r cos   3  4  r sin   2  0
15
r   cos   3sin 
x AB
O (1, 0) (21, 0)
10
Total number of such points similalry, we get,  2 cos   sin 
AC

PINEGROVE 333
 STRAIGHT LINES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

6 m1 9 m1  m2 7
and  cos   sin  From conditions, 59. m  2 , 1  m1m2

9
AD 2
2 2 2
 cos  3sin    2cos sin    cos sin   9m22  9m2  2  0 , 9m22  9m2  2  0
2 2 1 2 1
2
  2 cos   3sin    0  tan    m2  , & m2  ,
3 3 3 3 3
60. The line of the refracted ray passes through the
52.  3x  4y  5 x  2y  3  0 point (1,0) and its slope is tan 1050
1 3  The equation of the line of the refracted ray is
m1  3 / 4 m 2    m1m 2  p  1, 2
2 8 y  0  tan1050 .  x  1
1 3 Y
 
2
tan   2 4   sin  
2
3 11
1 5 5
8 x+y = 1
53. The diagonal of rhombus is parallel to angle bisector
of given lines. 45 (1, 0)
X
30
 Diagonals are 2 y  x  5 and 2 x  y  0
 5 COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS
 Possible coordinates of A are  0, 2  or (0, 0) PASSAGE : I
 
54. Let BC be x+y=5, then P be the point of 1
concurency of family of lines 61. DEF  area of ABC
4
 P= (1,2) let A be midpoint of BC, 62. Equation of perpendicular bisector of AC is
equation of PA is x-y+1=0 ; PB and PC  y  2 x   11
 perpendicular bisector of BC is x = 4
make equal anagles with x-y+1=0
6 63. Solving altitudes through A & B we get  9, 5 
55. Sum of roots = -8. PASSAGE : II (64 to 66)
56. Triangle formed is obtuse A

57. clearly,the line l can be any one of the bisectors of

the angles between the lines 3x  4 y  5 and (3, 3)
D
5 x  12 y 13 B C (0,0)

3x-4y = 5 5x+12y = 13 A'

C is image of B w.r.t. 3 x  y  2 3  0

1  
A  0, 2 3 , A is image of A w.r.t. BC .
Equation of allitude AD is 3x  y  2 3  0
The image of point B about the line AD is (0, 0)

58.  
 BC  2 3 Clearly 2 3, 0 is not a vertex of triangle
(5, 6) PASSAGE : III
67. d  P, AB   d  P, BC 
(-1, 2)
3 3 7 3
(1, 3) x = 11/2  ,   , 
2 2 2 2

A (0, 0) B (5, 0)

334 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I STRAIGHT LINES

d  P, AB  d  P,CD  d  P, AB  d  P, AD 

6x 

24 4  6  48  x  8  16  4 6 
1 3 21
 P lies in region as shown Area     5 5
2 2 4
68. d  P, AB   d  P, BC  24  4 6 Q  24  4 6 , 12, 3 6 
 
Y 5  5 5 
(2, 3) (3, 3)

12  3 6
5 12  8 6 32 6
 
Slope of line is 24  4 6 24  4 6 6 6
0
X 5

d  P, AB  d  P,CD  d  P, AB  d  P, AD  

3  2 6  (6  6)

18  15 6  12
1 1 1 30 30
 P lies in region as shown Area   1  30  15 6 2  6
2 2 4  
3
2 30 2
2 
69. x   y    1 MATRIX-MATCHING QUESTIONS
 2
 5 D C 73. (A) Let A   a, 0  , B   0, b 
 0, 
 2
 3  a 2  b 2  l 2 If the circumcentre is (x, y)
 0, 
 2
a b a 2  b 2 l2
 1
 0, 
x  , y   x 2  y2  
 2 2 2 4 4
A B
B) If orthocentre is the point O, then locus contains
P lies in region as shown
2
just one point i..e, x 2  y 2  0
 1 
Area  5  3   15  C) Let (x, y) be incentre
2 2
ab ab
x ,y  xy
PASSAGE : IV (70 - 72) abl abl
1 1 1 a b
PB  x, BQ  y, xy sin     6  8 D) Let (x,y) be centroid  x  , y 
2 2 2 3 3
4 1 1
xy    6  8  xy  30 x  y  12 l2
5 2 2  x 2  y2 
30 9
2  x  12  x 2  12 x  30  0
x A(0,0)
15x-52y+240 = 0
12  144  120 12  2 6
x   6 15x-4y-240 = 0
2 6
But x  6  6  x  6  6  P  (0, 6) N
74.
30 30(6  6)
y   6 6
6 6 30 B C


Q. A  10  6  6  4  6  15x  52y  240  0 15x  4y  240  0
y 3 y 3(4  6)  15x1  240   15x 2  240 
sin a     y Let B  x1 ,  and C  x 2 , 
4 6 5 4 6 5  4   52 

PINEGROVE 335
 STRAIGHT LINES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

Mid point of AB and AC are 4  1 2 21

 , x  2x  13 x  4, y  7
 x 15x1  240   x 2 15x 2  240  y5 3 4
M 1 ,  and N  , 
 2 8   2 104 
1 2a a
lie on 15x  25y  240  0 and 15x  4y  240  0 2 1 1
1 3b b  0   
respectively 77. A) b a c
1 4c c
 x1  20 and x 2  36  B  20,15  and C  36,15
 a  BC  16, b  CA  39, C  AB  25 2a 3a 1
3b 2b 1  0  bc  a  5ab  0
 56  B)
 Incentre I (21, 12), Centroid G  3 ,10  c c 1
 
excentreopposite to C, I3  4,7  and orthocentre a 2 1
is (0, 63) b 3 1  0  a  c  2b
C)
75. A) 2a 2  a  3  0   2a  3 a  1  0 c 4 1
 a   0,1 No. of integral values of a = 0
a a 0
B) a 2  a  2  0  a  2, 1 c c b  0  c 2  ab
D)
1 3 1 0 1
4a 2  4a  3  0  a  ,
2 2
INTEGER QUESTIONS
 3 1  78. Let the equation of BC be Y=0 then the coordinae
 a   2,     ,1
 2 2  of B are (-36,0) and of C are (-63,0), where
k 5 2 equation of AB is 37x-36y+37x36=0 and of AC is
Values of a of the form are , 64x-63y+64x63=0. Equation of the alltitudes
3 3 3
through B and C are
C) Slope of line joining  t  1, 2t  2  and
63 36
2t  2  t y  x  36  , y   x  63
 2t  1, t  is t  1  2t  1  1 64 37
Solving those equations we get the coordinates of
 Slope of perpendicualr bisectors is 2 the orthocentre of the triangle ABC
D) Image of A w.r.t y = x and y = 0 lies on BC So, a  36  63, b  36  63
which are (2, 1), (1, -2)
 a  b  2  36  63  4536
76. A) a  c  2b  a  c  2b  0
79. Minimum area of OPQ = P = 28733
 ax  by  c  0 Satisfies (1, -2)
P-5740 = 2.
B) Perpendicular distance of P  , 4    from Minimum area of Triangle formed by a line passing
through (a,b) with co-ordinate axis =2ab
4  3  4     10
4x  3y  10 1 11 5
5 80. a  12, h  5, g  , b  2, f   , c  
2 2
   2  5    2  5  3, 7 11
'2 5
2
P  3,1 ,  7, 11 5
5 2  0   2
2
y 7 5
C) Point B   1, 2  D)  11 / 2
2
x
x 4

336 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I STRAIGHT LINES

81. A and B are on opposite sides of y - axis. Reflecton 85. The line segments joining the mid points of sides
are equidistant from the vertices
of A (-3, 2) is y - axis is A '   3, 2  so tht 86. Locus of P is a circle with radius 2 units
A ', B will be on the same side of P 1
Maximum area   3  2
Equation of A ' B is y  2  3  x  3 2
87. Vertices of a square are
 y  2  3x  9
3x  y  11   1   1 
3 2 2  ,7  2 2  
This meets y - axis at Q (0, 11)   2  2 
Q is requried position of P so that k = 11 88. Let the variable straight line be ax + by + c = 0,
k  1 10 then according to question
  2
5 5 2a  c 2b  c abc
  0 a+b +c=0
2 2 2 2
(Since difference of two sides of a triangle is smaller a b a b a2  b2
than the thrid side) So, ax + by + c = 0 passes through (1, 1).
Note: We know that PA  PB will be greatest is P lies 89. The equations of the rays are x + y = | a | and
ax – y = 1.
on the line containing A and B, rather A and B must
lie on the same side of P. 1 | a | a | a | 1
Solving we get x  and y 
82. Let L : y = mx 1  a 1 a
For the first quadrant x > 0 and y > 0
 l m   3 3m 
P ,  and Q   ,  1 | a | a | a | 1
 m 1 m 1   m 1 m 1    0 and 0
1 a 1 a
Since L1 and L 2 are parallle to y - 2x + 5 =0  1 + a > 0 and a | a | – 1 > 0
and 3x + y - 5 = 0 respectively If -1 < a < 0 then -a2 - 1 > 0
m 1 3m  9  a   If a  0 then a2 - 1 > 0 a  0 a > 1
L1 : y  2x  L 2 : y  3x 
m 1 m 1 Thus a  (1, ) .
By eliminating m from L1 and L 2 we get 90. Since B (2, -7) does not satisfy the equations
Locus R as x  3y  5  0   5 3x + y + 11 = 0 and x + 2y + 7 = 0. The altitude
and median are drawn from A and C (or from C
83. The centroid of the triangle and the fourth vertex and A) respectively. If C = (h, k) then C lies on
of the three parallelo grams formed by the
given points will be required number of points 3x + y + 11 = 0  3h  k  11  0
(taking the order of vertices into consideration) Mid point D of CB lies on x + 2y + 7 = 0
84. a 
 ,a  h2  k 7 
R(0, a) 2  Q(a, a)   2  7  0,
N 2  2 

Then C   4,1
M  a
 a, 
 2 Equation of AB is
1
O
P(a, 0) y7   x  2   3y  x  23
3
1 a2 1 3a 2 a2 8 P Now, as AC passes through the intersection of AB
OMN   a2   
2 4 2 4 OMN 3 Q and median AD, its equation is of the form
3y  x  23    x  2y  7   0 and its passes

PINEGROVE 337
 STRAIGHT LINES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

through C   4,1 , we get   6 3  6  5  2 

y  14
Equation of AC is 7x  9y  19  0 3 1
point is ( 8,4) is wrong
  19
91. PA2  PB 2  PC 2  3PG 2  GA2  GB 2  GC 2  6 R 2  S1 is false S 2 : ax  hy  g  0
hx  by  f  0
 a 3 
  R    1 gx  fy  c  0
 2sin A 3 
92. It is the altitude to the least side a h g
 
h b f
93. x 2  y 2 is the square of perpendicular
distance from origin  S 2 is true

94. (n, n 2 ) lies on parabola x 2  y which 98. L11 of origin  2

intersect the line 3x+y-4=0 at (1,1) and 4x+y-21=0
L11 of  4,1  6
at (3,9)
 Interior point is (2,4) which lies on  4,1 & origin lie on opposite side
parabola.
95. 2  3 7 3 4  7
99. since  4 and 5
3 3
 Centroid of triangle ABC is D(4, 5)
G (3,5)
2
 A, B, C, D are non-collinear points.
100. Coordinates of P are (–2, –2)
S(4,4)
Coordinates of Q are (1, –2)
G1(3,5)  O P  2 2 and O Q  5

PR OP 2 2
Now,  
B,D are ortho centres of  ABC , ADC RQ OQ 5
Respectively, S 4, 4 is circum centre of  Statement-1 is correct, however the triangles
OPR and ORQ may not be similar.
 ABC , ADC ,
Y
DS  3 2 ; BD  6 2
y = -2x
y-X
BD
AB  6
2 L2 L1

96. The minimum value of O X

sec 2   2 cos ec 2 is (1  2)  5.8 but

P R Q y = -2
7
perpendicular distance   5.8  No ofpoints
5
=2  Statement-2 is false.
ASSERTION & REASON QUESTIONS ***********
3  9  1 5 22
97. S1 : x    11
3 1 2

338 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I PAIR OF STRAIGHT LINES

PAIR OF STRAIGHT LINES

ii) The slopes of the straight lines represented by
SYNOPSIS ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 are reciprocal to each other
Homogeneous equations: if a  b
Combined Equation of a Pair of Straight lines: iii) If the slopes of two lines represented by
i) If L1  0, L2  0 are any two lines, then the ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 are in the ratio l : m then
combined equation of L1  0, L2  0 is L1L2  0 l  m
2
ab  4h 2lm
ii) Any second degree equation in x and y iv) If the slope of one of the lines represented by
represents a pair of straight lines if the expression
on the left hand side can be expressed as a ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 is k times the slope of other
product of two linear factors in x and y. line then 4kh 2   k  1 ab
2

Separate equations of pair of lines :

 The equations of the separate lines of v) ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 represents a pair of lines if the
ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 are slope of one line is the nth power of the other then
n 1/ n 1 1/ n 1

 2

ax  h  h  ab y  0 ,  ab    a nb   2h  0
vi) If the slope of one line of pair of lines
ax   h  h  ab  y  0
2
ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 is square of the slope of the

Nature of pair of lines : other line then ab  a  b  6h   8h3  0

 The second degree homogeneous equation Angle between the pair of lines :
ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 represents a pair of straight  If  is an acute angle between the pair of lines
lines passing through the origin and it represents ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 then
(i) two real and distinct lines if h 2  ab
ab 2 h 2  ab
(ii) two coincident lines if h 2  ab cos   sin  
2
 4h 2
or 2
a  b a  b  4h 2
(iii) Imaginary lines if h 2  ab
W.E-1:- The equation 2x2+kxy+2y2 = 0 represents 2 h 2  ab
a pair of imaginary lines if or tan   ; ab  0
ab
Sol: The given equation will represent a pair of imaginary
lines if h2 < ab  k2 < 16 i) The lines represented by ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 are
 (k - 4) (k + 4) < 0  k   4,4  perpendicular , if a  b  0 i.e., coefficient of
Slopes of pair of lines : 2
x 2  coefficient of y  0
i) If y  m1 x, y  m2 x are the two lines represented Pair of parallel & perpendicular lines :
by the pair of lines a x 2  2 h x y  b y 2  0 , b  0 i) The equation to the pair of lines passing through
with slopes m1 and m2 then
a) The slopes of the lines are the roots of the the point  x1 , y1  and parallel to the pair of straight
quadratic equation bm 2  2hm  a  0 lines ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 is
2 h a 2 h 2  ab 2 2
b) m1  m2  b ; m1m2  b ; m1  m2  b a  x  x1   2h  x  x1  y  y1   b  y  y1   0
c) The combined equation of pair of lines with ii) The equation to the pair of lines passing through
slopes m1, m2 is  y  m1 x  y  m2 x   0 the origin perpendicular to ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0
 y2   m1  m2  xy  m1m2 x2  0 is bx 2  2hxy  ay 2  0

PINEGROVE 339
 PAIR OF STRAIGHT LINES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

iii) The equation to the pair of lines passing through

b) Isosceles if h  l 2  m 2    a  b  lm
the point  x1 , y1  and perpendicular to the pair of
c) Right angled if a  b  0 or S  l , m  0
straight lines ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 is
2 2
W.E-2:- The triangle formed by the lines
b  x  x1   2h  x  x1  y  y1   a  y  y1   0
2 x 2  3xy  2 y 2  0,3x  y  1  0 is
Common line to pair of lines :
Sol: Given line is 3x+y+1 = 0
i) If the pairs of lines a1 x 2  2h1 xy  b1 y 2  0 , The simplification of (3x+y)2 - (x-3y)2 =0 is given
a2 x 2  2h2 xy  b2 y 2  0 have one line in pair of lines It is in the form (ax+by)2-k(bx-ay)2= 0
Here k = 1
2
a1 2h1 2h1 b1 a1 b1  The triangle is right angled isosceles.
common then .  Centres related with triangles :
a2 2h2 2h2 b2 a2 b2
2 i) If  ,   is the centroid of the triangle whose
(or)  a1b2  a2b1   4  h1a2  h2 a1  h1b2  h2b1   0
ii) If one of the lines represented by sides ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 and lx  my  n  0 ,
a1 x 2  2h1 xy  b1 y 2  0 is perpendicular to one of   2n
then bl hm  amhl  3 bl2 2hlmam2  (or)
the lines represented by a2 x 2  2h2 xy  b2 y 2  0

a1 2h1 2h1 b1 a1 b1
2   n
 
then .  (or)  F   F  3F l ,m 
b2 2h2 2h2 a2 b2 a2    
 x l , m  y  l ,m 
2
 a1a2  b1b2   4  h1a2  h2b1  h1b2  h2a1   0
where F  bx 2  2hxy  ay 2
iii) If the pair of lines a1 x 2  2h1 xy  b1 y 2  0 and
ii) The pair of lines S  ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0
a2 x 2  2h2 xy  b2 y 2  0 are such that they have
represents two sides of a triangle and  x1 , y1  is
one line in common and the remaining lines are
the mid point of the third side then the equation of
1 1 1 1 third side is S1  S11 i.e.,
perpendicular then h1     h2   
 a1 b1   a2 b2  axx1  h  xy1  x1 y   byy1  ax12  2hx1 y1  by12
Types of triangles :
iii) If ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 represents two sides of a
i) The equation of the pair of lines passing through
the origin and forming an isosceles triangle with line triangle, G  x1 , y1  be its centroid then the mid
2 2
ax  by  c  0 is  ax  by   k  bx  ay   0 . point of the third side of the triangle is
(a) If k  1 then the triangle is right angled 3  3x 3y 
G i.e.,  1 , 1 
isosceles. 2  2 2 
(b) If k  3 then the triangle is equilateral.
iv) If  kl , km  is the orthocentre of the triangle formed
1
(c) If k  then the triangle is an isosceles and by the lines ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 and
3
obtuse angled n  a  b 
ii) The triangle formed by the pair of lines lx  my  n  0 then k 
am  2hlm  bl 2
2

S  ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 and the line v) The distance from the origin to the orthocentre of
lx  my  n  0 is x y
the triangle formed by the lines     1 and
a) equilateral if ax 2  2hxy  by 2 
2 2
2  2
 a  b  
 lx  my   3  mx  ly  ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 is a 2  2h  b 2

340 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I PAIR OF STRAIGHT LINES

vi) If ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 represents two sides of a Pair of angular bisectors :

i) The equation to the pair of bisectors of the angles
triangle for which  c, d  is the orthocentre, then between the pair of straight lines
the equation of the third side of triangle is ax 2  2 hxy  by 2  0 is h  x  y    a  b  xy
2 2

 a  b  cx  dy   ad 2  2hcd  bc 2 ii) The angle between pair of angular bisectors of any

Product of perpendiculars : 
pair of lines is
.
i) The product of the perpendiculars from  ,   2
iii) The equation to the pair of bisectors of the
to the pair of lines ax2  2hxy  by2  0 is
coordinate axes is x 2  y 2  0
a 2  2 h  b  2
iv) If one of the line in ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 bisects
2 2
 a  b   4h the angle between the coordinate axes then
Area of the triangle : 2
 4h 2
i) The area of the triangle formed by the line
a  b
lx  my  n  0 and the pair of lines W.E-4:- Equation of the bisectors of the angles
between the lines through the origin and the
2 2
n h  ab sum and product of whose slopes are
ax 2  2 hxy  by 2  0 is am 2  2hlm  bl 2 respectively the arithmetic and geometric
means of 9 and 16 is
ii) The equation of the pair of lines through the origin
and making an angle ' ' with the line 9  16 25
Sol: A.M. of 9 and 16 =   m1  m2
2 2 2 2
lx  my  n  0 is  lx  my   tan 2   mx  ly   0
G..M. of 9 and 16 = 9  16  12  m1.m2
n2 Equation of pair of lines is
and the area of the triangle is tan  l 2  m 2
  y 2   m1  m2  xy  m1m2 x 2  0
iii) The area of an equilateral triangle formed by the
 24 x 2  25 xy  2 y 2  0
line ax  by  c  0 with the pair of lines
Equation of the bisectors is
c2 p2
 ax  by 
2 2
 3  bx  ay   0 is 3  a 2  b2 

3
 
h x 2  y 2   a  b  xy  25 x 2  44 xy  25 y 2  0

where p is the perpendicular distance from the Equally inclined with a line :
origin to the line ax  by  c  0 i) A pair of lines L1L2  0 is said to be equally inclined
2 2 to a line L  0 if the lines L1  0, L2  0 subtend
W.E-3:- If  2x  3y   36  3x  2 y  0
the same angle with the line L  0
and 2 x  3 y  4 5  0 represents an ii) Every pair of lines is equally inclined to either of its
isosceles triangle with base angle tan-16 then angular bisectors
its area is iii) A pair of lines is equally inclined to a line L  0 , if
Sol :Equation of given line is 2 x  3 y  4 5  0 L  0 is parallel to one of the angular bisectors.
iv) Given pair of lines through origin is equally inclined
here l  2 , m  3 , n  4 5
to the coordinate axes  the pair of angular
Given that tan   6 bisectors of given pair of lines through origin is the
n2 coordinate axes
 Area of the triangle = tan   l 2  m 2  v) If the pair of lines ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 equally
inclined to the coordinate axes then h  0 and
16  5 8
=  sq.units ab  0
65 3

PINEGROVE 341
 PAIR OF STRAIGHT LINES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

vi) The pair of lines L1L2  0 bisects the angle between Angle between the pair of lines :
i) Th e an gl e bet w een t he pai r of l i n es
the pair of lines L3 L4  0  pair of angular
ax 2  2hxy  by 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 is same as
bisectors of L3 L4  0 and pair of lines L1L2  0 the angle between the pair of li nes
represents the same equation ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0
vii) Two pairs of lines L1L2  0 , L3 L4  0 are such that Distance between the pair of lines :
each bisects the angle between the other pair  The equation
ax 2  2 hxy  by 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0
 pair of angular bisector of L1L2  0 , pair of
represents a pair of parallel lines iff
lines L3 L4  0 represents same and vice versa.   0, f 2  bc, g 2  ac, h2  ab and af 2  bg 2 or
viii) Two pairs of lines are equally inclined to each other a h g
 two pairs of lines have same pair of angular   and the distance between the parallel
h b f
bisectors
W.E-5:- The lines ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 are equally g2  ac f 2 bc
lines is 2 a  a  b
or 2
b a  b
inclined to lines ax2+2hxy+by2+  (x2+y2)=0
for what values of  ? W.E-7:-The eq. 9 x 2  2hxy  4 y 2  6 x  2 fy  c  0
Sol: Equation of the bisectors of the angle between lines represents a pair of parallel straight lines then
ax2+2hxy+by2+  (x2+y2)=0 is h(x2-y2)=(a-b)xy.. the relation between h, f and c (h, f >0)
Which is same as the equation of the bisectors of Sol: The given equation represents a pair of parallel lines
angles between the lines ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0
then h2 = ab, f 2  bc, g 2  ac and af2 = bg2
The given two pairs of lines are equally inclined
we get h = 6, f = 2 and c  1
to each other for any value of  .
 relation is c < f < h
Non homogeneous equations: Product of perpendiculars :
Condition for pair of lines : i) The product of the perpendiculars drawn from
i) If the equation  ,   to pair lines ax2  2hxy  by2  2gx  2 fy  c  0
S  ax 2  2 hxy  by 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 a 2  2h  b 2  2 g  2 f   c
represents a pair of lines then is 2
 4h 2
a  b
a)   abc  2 fgh  af 2  bg 2  ch 2  0
ii) The product of the perpendiculars from origin
a h g to the pair of lines
c
h b f 0
i.e 2 2
ax  2hxy  by  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 is  a  b 2  4h 2
g f c
iii) If the pair of lines
b) h 2  ab, g 2  ac, f 2  bc ax 2  2hxy  by 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 are
equidistant from the origin then
W.E-6:- If ax 2  by 2  2 fy  c  0,  a  0  representss
a pair of lines then f is f 4  g 4  c  bf 2  ag 2 
Point of intersection of pair of lines:
Sol: ax 2  by 2  2 fy  c  0,  a  0  represents a pair
i) If S  ax2  2hxy  by2  2gx  2 fy  c  0
of lines then it satisfy the condition   0 i.e.
represents a pair of lines and h 2  ab then the
abc  af 2  0  f 2  bc . f is G..M. between b&c. point of intersection of the lines is
ii) If ax 2  2hxy  by 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0  hf  bg gh  af 
 2
, 2  i.e., obtained by solving
represents a pair of lines then  ab  h ab  h 
ax  2 hxy  by  0 represents a pair of lines
2 2
s s
 0 and 0
parallel to them and passing through the origin x y

342 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I PAIR OF STRAIGHT LINES

ii) If the pair of lines From (2) l =1, m = 1, n = 1

2 2
ax  2hxy  by  2gx  2 fy  c  0 intersect at Point of intersection of given pair of lines
 ,   then  ,   satisfy the equations  hf  bg gh  af 
= 2
, 2  = (0, 1) =  x1 , y1 
ax  hy  g  0 , hx  by  f  0 and  ab  h ab  h 
Area of the triangle =
 hf  bg gh  af 
gx  fy  c  0 i.e.,  ,     2
, 2   lx1  my1  n 
2
h 2  ab 43
 ab  h ab  h   3 sq.units
2 2 =
am  2hlm  bl 4
 bc  f 2 fg  ch   hc  gf g 2  ac 
 ,  ,  Intercepts of a pair of lines on coordinate axes:
 hf  bg hf  bg   af  gh af  gh  i) Length of the intercept made by the pair of lines
iii) The coordinates of the point of intersection of the represented by
ax 2  2hxy  by 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 on
lines represented by S  0 is
2 g 2  ac 2 f 2  bc
 f 2  bc g 2  ac  a) x  axis is b) y  axis is
 ,  a b
 h 2  ab h 2  ab 
  ii) If the pair of lines
iv) If the equation
ax 2  2hxy  by 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 intersect on
2 2
ax  2hxy  by  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 represents
a) x-axis, then g 2  ac & 2 fg h  a f 2  ch 2
a pair of intersecting lines, then the square of the
2 2
distance of their point of intersection from the origin b) y-axis, then f 2  bc & 2 fgh  bg  ch
c a  b  f 2  g 2 Pair of angular bisectors :
is
ab  h 2  If  ,   be t he poi nt of i nt ersect i on of
v) If the equation the pair of lines
ax 2  2hxy  by 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 represents ax 2  2hxy  by 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 then the
a pair of perpendicular lines, then the square of the equation to the pair of angular bisectors is
distance of their point of intersection from the origin 2 2
h  x      y       a  b  x    y   
2 2 2 2 2 2  
f g f g f g
is 2 (or) 2 2 (or) W.E-9:- If a  x  12  2h  x  1 y  2   b  y  2 2  0
h  ab a h b2  h2
Area of the triangle : has one angular bisector 2x + 3y - 8 = 0 then
 The area of the triangle formed by the line other bisector is
lx  my  n  0 and the pair of lines Sol : Equation of given angular bisector is 2x+3y-8=0
Equation of required angular bisector is 3x-2y+k=0
ax 2  2hxy  by 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 whose It passes through the point (1, 2)
point of intersection is  x1 , y1  is  required equation is 3x - 2y + 1 = 0
Quadrilateral formed by S = 0 and S1 = 0 :
2
 lx1  my1  n  h 2  ab i) The pair of lines S  ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 and
sq. units
am2  2hlm  bl 2 S1  ax2  2hxy  by2  2gx  2 fy  c  0 forms a
W.E-8:- The area of the triangle whose combined a) rhombus  a  b  0,  a  b  fg  h  f 2  g 2   0
eq.  2 x 2  xy  y 2  x  2 y  1  x  y  1  0 is
b) square  a  b  0,  a  b  fg  h  f 2  g 2   0
Sol :Given lines 2 x 2  xy  y 2  x  2 y  1 =0  (1)
c) rectangle  a  b  0,  a  b  fg  h  f 2  g 2   0
and x  y  1 = 0  (2)
From (1) a = 2, h = -1/2, b = -1 d) parallelogram  a  b  0,  a  b  fg  h  f 2  g 2   0

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 PAIR OF STRAIGHT LINES
c i)
e) Area of the parallelogram is 2
2 h  ab
f) Equation of diagonal not passing through origin
is 2 gx  2 fy  c  0 i.e., S 1  S  0
g) Equation of diagonal passing through origin
is  hf  bg  y   gh  af  x
ii) 2 2
If ax  2hxy  by  0 are two sides of a
parallelogram and lx  my  n  0 is one of the
diagonals of the parallelogram then the equation of
other diagonal is  bl  hm  y   am  hl  x
iii) Given  x1, y1  as opposite vertex of a
parallelogram with S  ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 as
one pair of sides then the equation of the diagonal
not passing through the orgin is 2 S1  S11  0 Sol : Given curve is 3x 2  y 2  2 x  4 y  0  (1)
iv) The pair of lines xy  ax  by  ab  0 ,
xy  cx  dy  cd  0 form a square
a) If a  c  b  d
b) area is a  c b  d
c) point of intersection of diagonals is i)
  b  d    a  c  
 ,  2
 2 2 
d) Equation of diagonals are ii)
 a  c  x   b  d  y  ab  cd  0
 a  c  x   b  d  y  ad  bc  0
W.E-10:- The equation x2y2 - 9y2 + 6x2y + 54y = 0
represents
Sol: x2y2 - 9y2 + 6x2y + 54y = 0
2 2
 2

 y x  9  6y x  9  0   b1 b2 
 y  y  6  x  3 x  3  0
 y  0, y  6, x  3, x  3
The given equation represents four straight lines
which form a square.
344
JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I
Homogenisation :
The Combined equation to the pair of lines joining
the origin to the points of intersection of the curve
ax 2  2hxy  by 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 and the
line lx  my  n  0 is ax 2  2hxy  by 2 
2
lx  my   lx  my 
 2 gx  2 fy     c  0
 n   n 
ii) The condition that the pair of lines joining the origin
to the points of intersection of
ax 2  2hxy  by 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 a n d
lx  my  n  0 to be perpendicular is
n 2  a  b   2n  l g  mf   c  l 2  m 2   0
W.E-11:-All chords the curve
3x 2  y 2  2 x  4 y  0 which subtend a right
angle at the origin, pass through the fixed
point
Let  (2) be the chord Homogenising
lx  my  1
(1) with the help of (2) we get
2 2
3x  y   2 x  4 y  lx  my   0
 coefficient of x2 + coefficient of y2 = 0
   2m  1  (3)
from (2) and (3), we get (x,y) = (1, -2)
Some standard results :
The equation to the pair of lines passing through
the origin and each is at a distance of d from  ,  
is   x   y   d 2  x2  y 2  .
If L, M are the feet of the perpendiculars from
 c, 0 to the lines
ax2  2hxy  by2  0 then the
angle made by LM with positive X-axis is
ba
Tan1  
 2h  and the equation of LM is
 b  a  x  2hy  bc  0
iii) Point of intersection of diagonals of a rectangle
formed by the pairs a1 x 2  b1 x  c1  0 ,
a2 y 2  b2 y  c2  0 is  2a , 2a 
 1 2 
iv) The image of pair of lines f  x, y   0 with respect
to x-axis is f  x,  y   0 and with respect y-axis
is . f   x, y   0
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 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I PAIR OF STRAIGHT LINES

11. The equation to the image of the pair of lines

C. U. Q
ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 where h 2  ab with
1. The equation ax 2  2 ab xy  by 2  0 respect to y  0 is
represents a pair of lines which are
1) perpendicular 2) coincident 1) bx 2  2hxy  ay 2  0 2) bx 2  2hxy  ay 2  0
3) imaginary 4) parallel 3) ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 4) ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0
2. If one of the lines represented by 12. Point of intersection of pair of lines
ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 is the Y-axis then the 2 2
a  x     2h  x     y     b  y     0 is
equation of the other line is
1) (0, 0) 2)  ,   3)   ,    4)   ,  
1) ax  2hy  0 2) 2hx  by  0
13. If the pair of lines given by
3) ax  by  0 4) hx  by  0
3. y  mx is one of the lines represented by ax 2  2hxy  by 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 intersect
on X-axis then
ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 if a  2hm  bm 2  1) b, f , c are in A.P 2) a, f , c are in G.P
1) -1 2) 1 3) 0 4) 2 a , g , c
3) are in G.P 4) a, g , c are in A.P
4. If the pair of straight lines
14. The product of the perpendiculars from
Ax 2  2Hxy  By 2  0  H  AB  forms an
2
(f,-g) to the pair of st.lines hxy+gx+fy+c=0
equilateral triangle with the line is
ax  by  c  0 then  A  3B  3A  B  
1) H 2 2)  H 2 3) 2H 2 4) 4H 2 fg  c fgh  c
1) fg 2) 3) fgh  c 4)
5. The equation of the line common to the pair h h
of lines  p2 q2  x2  q2 r2  xy  r2  p2  y2  0 and 15. The rectangle formed by the pair of lines
 l  m x2   m  n xy   n  l  y2  0 is 2hxy  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 with the coordinate
1) x+y=0 2) x - y= 0 3) x+y=pqr 4) x-y=pqr axes has the area equal to
6. The equation of the line common to the pair fg gh hf fg
 
of lines m 2 x 2  m 2  1 xy  y 2  0 and 1) 2
h
2) 2
f
3) 2
g
4)
h
mx 2  m  1xy  y 2  0 is
1) mx-y=0 2) x+y=0 3) x-y=0 4) x+y=m 16. If the pair of lines 2hxy+2gx+2fy+c=0 and the
7. If x2  axy bcy2  0 and x2  bxy  cay2  0 have coordinate axes form a rectangle, then the
a common line then the equation of that line is equations of its diagonals are
1) y = cx 2) x = cy 3) x = ay 4) x = by 1) 2gx+2fy+c=0, gx-fy=0
8. The locus of the points equidistant from 2) 2gx+2fy-c=0, gx+fy=0
the pair of lines 3) gx+fy-c=0, gx–fy=0
x2 cos2   2 xy sin 2   y 2 sin 2   0 is 4) gx+fy=0, gx–fy=0
1) x 2  y 2  xy cos ec 2  0 17. The lines ax2 + 2hxy+by2+2gx+2fy+ c = 0
2) x 2  y 2  2 xy cos ec 2  0 intersect x-axis in A, B and y-axis in C, D
respectively. Then the combined equation of
3) x 2  y 2  2 xy sec2   0
AB and CD is
4) x 2  y 2  2 xy sec 2   0 1) xy = 0
9. The separate equations of the angular 2) ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
bisectors of the pair o f lines 4gf
2 2 3) ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c+ xy0
ax  by   bx  ay   0 are c
1) ax - by=0, bx - ay=0 2) ax+by=0, bx-ay=0 4gf
4) ax2 – 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c+ xy  0
c
3) ax+by=0, bx+ay=0 4) (x+y)=0, (x–y) = 0 18. The locus represented by the equation
10. The slope of angular bisectors of pair of 2 2
2 2
lines  ax  by   c  bx  ay  ,  c  0 are
 x  y  c   x  y  c  0 is
1) A line parallel to x-axis 2) A point
a b a b a c c a
1)  , 2) , 3) , 4) , 3) Pair of lines 4) Line parallel to y-axis
b a b a c a a c

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 PAIR OF STRAIGHT LINES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

C.U.Q - KEY EXERCISE - I (C.W)

1) 2 2) 1 3) 3 4) 4 5) 2 6) 3 7) 2 HOMOGENEOUS PAIR OF LINES
8) 1 9) 2 10) 1 11) 3 12) 2 13) 3 14) 4 SEPARATE EQUATIONS OF PAIR OF
15) 1 16) 1 17) 1 18) 2 LINES
C.U.Q - HINTS 1. The separate equations of the lines
2 6 x 2  5 xy  6 y 2  0 are
1. h  2
 ab   ab 1) 2x-3y=0; 3x+2y=0 2) 2x+3y=0; 3x-2y=0
3) 2x-3y=0; 3x-2y=0 4) 3x+2y=0; 2x+3y=0
2. ax 2  2hxy  by 2  x  lx  my  . Coefficient of
x 2  a  l , coefficient of xy  2h  m NATURE OF PAIR OF LINES
3. Put y  mx in pair of lines
2. The range of ‘a’ so that a 2 x 2  2xy  4y 2  0
A  B represents distinct lines
4. Cos 600 
2 2
 A  B   4H 1 1 1 1
1) a  or a  2) a
5. In both pair of lines sum of the coefficients is 2 2 2 2
zero. Thecommon line is y = x, 1 1 1 1
6. In both pair of lines sum of the coefficients is 3) a 4) a  or a 
zero. Thecommon line is y = x, 2 2 2 2
7. S  S 1  0 SLOPES OF LINES OF PAIR OF LINES
8. Locus is pair of angular bisectors between the pair
of lines 3. The difference of the slopes of the lines
9. Given pair is
3x 2  4 xy  y 2  0 is
 a 2  b2  x 2  4abxy   b 2  a 2  y 2  0 .
Write the equation of angular bisectors 1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4
10. Bisectors are parallel and perpendicular to the line 4. The difference of the slopes of the lines
ax  by  k  0
represented by
11. f  x,  y   0
 
x 2 sec 2   sin 2   2 tan   xy  y 2 sin 2   0
12. lines passing through  ,  
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4
13. g 2  ac 5. The combined equation to a pair of straight
2
a  2h  b  2 g  2 f   c 2 lines passing through the origin and inclined
14. at an angles 30 0 and 600 respectively with
2
 a  b  4h 2 X-axis is
c 1)   
3 x 2  y 2  4 xy 2) 4 x 2  y 2  3 xy 
15.   0 and apply
2 h 2  ab 3) x 2  3 y 2  2 xy  0 4) x 2  3 y 2  2 xy  0
16. Diagonals are 6. If the slope of one line is twice the slope of the
2 gx  2 fy  c  0,  gh  af  x   hf  bg  y other in the pair of straight lines
17. Since the given pair intersects x-axis at A, B then ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 then 8h2 =
1) 7 ab 2) -7ab 3) 9 ab 4) -9ab
the equation of AB is y = 0, Since the pair cuts
7. The equation of the pair of lines passing
y-axis at C,D then the equation of CD is x = 0. through the origin whose sum and product of
Then the combined equation of AB and CD is xy slopes are respectively the arthemetic mean
and geometric mean of 4 and 9 is (EAM-2013)
=0
1) 12 x 2  13 xy  2 y 2  0 2) 12 x 2  13 xy  2 y 2  0
18. x  y  c  0, x  y  c  0 solving we get  0, c 
3) 12 x 2  15 xy  2 y 2  0 4) 12 x 2  15 xy  2 y 2  0
which is a point

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8. As sert ion A : If ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 15. The equation to the pair of lines passing
represents two straight lines whose one slope through the origin and perpendicular to
is thrice the other then 3h 2  4ab 5 x 2  3xy  0
R e as on R: If ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 1) 5 xy  3 y 2  0 2) x 2  2 y 2  0
represents two lines and whose slopes are m:n
2 3) 3xy  5 y 2  0 4) 3 x 2  2 xy  0
then
m  n 
ab
4mn h2 PRODUCT OF PERPENDICULARS
1) Both A and R are true and R is the correct 16. The product of the perpendiculars from
explanation of A
2) Both A and R are true and R is not correct (-1,2) to the pair of lines 2 x 2  5 xy  2 y 2  0
explanation of A 1) 4 2) 3 3) 8 4) 5/2
3) A is true but R is false 17. If the product of perpendiculars from (k, k) to
4) A is false but R is true the pair of lines x 2  4 xy  3 y 2  0 is 4 / 5
9. If the sum of the slopes of the lines given by
then k is
x 2  2cxy  y 2  0 is eight times their 1) ± 4 2) ± 3 3) ± 2 4) ± 1
product, then c has the value
1) 1 2) -1 3) -4 4) -2 AREA OF THE TRIANGLE
ANGLE BETWEEN THE PAIR OF LINES 18. Area of the triangle formed by the lines
2x  y  6 and 3x 2  4xy  y 2  0 is
10. Angle between the lines x2+2xySec  +y2=0 is
 1) 16 2) 25 3) 36 4) 49
 19. If the area of the triangle formed by the pair
1) 2 2)  3)2  4)
2 of lines 8 x 2  6 xy  y 2  0 and the line 2x3y a
11. The angle between the pair of lines a is 7 then a= (EAM-2012)
 
y2 cos2   xycos2   x2 sin2  1  0 is 1) 14 2) 14 2 3) 28 2 4) 28
    20. If the area of the triangle formed by the lines
1)
3
2)
4
3)
6
4)
2 3x 2  2 xy  8 y 2  0 and the line 2x+y-k=0 is
12. If the pair of lines given by 5sq. units, then k =
1) 5 2) 6 3) 7 4) 8
x 2

 y 2 sin 2    x Cos   y Sin  2 are
21. The area of the equilateral triangle formed by
perpendicular to each other then   the lines passing through the origin and the line
(EAM-2012) 1)  /2 12x-5y+13=0, in sq.units is
2) 0 3)  /4
4)  /3 1) 3 3 2) 2 3 3) 3 4)
13. If  is the acute angle between the pair of 1/ 3
22. If th e si d e s of a t ri an gl e are
lines x 2  3xy  4 y 2  0 then sin  =
ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 and y = x+c, then its area
  5 3 is
1) 2) 3) 4)
6 3 34 34 c h 2  ab
c 2 h 2  ab
PAIR OF PARALLEL AND 1) 2) a  b  2h
| a  b  2h |
PERPENDICULAR LINES
h 2  ab h 2  ab
14. The equation to the pair of lines passing 3) 4)
abc a  b  2h
through the point  2,3 and parallel to the
PAIR OF ANGULAR BISECTORS
pair of lines x 2  4 xy  y 2  0 is
23. The equation of the bisectors of the angle
1) x 2  4 xy  y 2  8 x  2 y  11  0
between the two straight lines
2) x 2  4 xy  y 2  8 x  2 y  11  0
2 x 2  3xy  y 2  0 is
3) x 2  4 xy  y 2  8 x  2 y  11  0
1) 3x 2  2 xy  3 y 2  0 2) x 2  xy  y 2  0
4) x 2  4 xy  y 2  8 x  2 y  11  0 3) 3x 2  2 xy  3 y 2  0 4) 3 x 2  2 xy  3 y 2  0

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 PAIR OF STRAIGHT LINES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

24. If the equation of the pair of bisectors of the CONDITION TO REPRESENT A PAIR OF
angle between the pair of lines LINES
3x 2  xy  by 2  0 is x 2  14 xy  y 2  0 then b= 32. The value k such that
1) 4 2) -4 3) 8 4) -8 3x2 11xy 10y2  7 x  13 y  k  0 represents
25. If the lines x 2  2  k  xy  4 y 2  0 are equally a pair of straight lines is
inclined to the coordinate axes, then k = 1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4

1) -1 2) -2 3) -3 4) -4 33. If kx 2  10 xy  3 y 2  15 x  21y  18  0
26. If the pair of straight lines x2  2 pxy  y2  0 represents a pair of straight lines thenk =
1) 3 2) 4 3) -3 4) 5
and x 2  2qxy  y 2  0 be such that each pair
bisects the angle between the other pair, then 34. If x 2  4 xy  4 y 2  4 x  cy  3 can be written
as a product of two linear factors then c =
1) pq  1 2) p  q 3) p   q 4) pq  1
1) 2 2) 3 3) 8 4) 4
27. If one of the lines in the pair of stright lines 35. The condition that the equation
given by 4x2+6xy+ky2=0 bisects the angle ax 2  by 2  c  x  y   0 to represents a pair
between the coor dinate axes, then k  (EAM-11)
of straight lines is
1){-2,-10} 2){-2,10} 3){-10,2} 4){2,10} 1) a  b  0 or c  0
EQUALLY INCLINED WITH A LINE 2) a  b  0 or c  0, ab  0
2 2
28. If x  y  0 , lx  2 y  1 form an isosceles 3) ab  0, c  0 4) a  b  0, c  0
triangle then l  36. If x 2   y 2  2 y  a 2 represents a pair of
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 0 perpendicular lines, then   (EAM-2014)
2 2
29. If the two pairs of lines 2x +6xy+y =0 and 1) 2a 2) 3a 3) 4a 4) a
4x2+18xy+by2=0 are equally inclined, then b= ANGLE BETWEEN THE PAIR OF LINES
1) 1 2) -1 3) 2 4) –2
37. Angle between the pair of lines
NON - HOMOGENOUS PAIR OF LINES 2 x 2  7 xy  3 y 2  3x  y  2  0
1)  / 2 2)  / 3 3)  / 4 4)  / 6
30. Two lines 9 x 2  y 2  6 xy  4  0 aree
38. The equation x  5 xy  py 2  3x  8 y  2  0
2

1) parallel and coincident 2) coincident only represents a pair of straight lines. If  is the
3) parallel but not coincident 4) perpendicular angle between them, then sin   (EAM-2013)
SLOPES OF PAIR OF LINES 1 1 1 1
1) 2) 3) 4)
31. If the lines represented by 50 7 5 10
39. The acute angle between the lines
ax 2  2hxy  by 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 are written
5 x  2 y 2  32 x  5 y 2  0 is
in the form y  m1x  c1 and y  m2 x  c2 ,
1)  / 6 2)  / 4 3)  / 3 4)  / 2
then
40. If the angle between the lines respresented
1) m1  m2  a / b, m1m2  2h / b by 2 x 2  5 xy  3 y 2  6 x  7 y  4  0 is
2) m1  m2  2h / b, m1m2  a / b tan 1  m  and a 2  b 2  ab  a  b  1  0 ,
3) m1  m 2   2 h / b , m1m 2  b / a then 2a  3b =
1) 1/ m 2) m 3) m 4) m 2
4) m1  m 2  2 h / b , m1 m 2  a / b

348 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I PAIR OF STRAIGHT LINES

41. If the angle between the pir of lines PRODUCT OF PERPENDICULARS

 47. The product of perpendicular distances from
2 x 2   xy  3 y 2  8 x  14 y  8  0 is , then
4 the origin to the pair of straight lines
the value of  is 12x2  25xy 12y2 10x 11y  2  0
1) 6 2) 7 3) 5 4) 1 1 2 3 4
1) 2) 3) 4)
PAIR OF PARALLEL AND 25 25 25 25
PERPENDICULAR LINES POINT OF INTERSECTION OF THE PAIR
42. The equation to the pair of straight lines OF LINES
passing through (2, 1) and perpendicular to the 48. The point of the intersection of the pair of lines
pair of lines 4xy+2x+6y+3=0 is x 2  xy  2 y 2  3x  2 y  4  0 is
1) (1, 2) 2) (-1, 2) 3) (-2, 1) 4) (2, -1)
1) xy+x+2y+2=0 2) xy+x+2y-2=0
49. The square of the distance of the point of
3) xy+x-2y-2=0 4) xy-x-2y+2=0 intersection of the lines
43. If the equation 2x2 + 5xy + 3y2 + 6x + 7y + 4 = 6x2–5xy–6y2+x+5y–1= 0 from the origin is
1) 74/169 2) 85/169 3) 74/185 4) 2/13
0 represents a pair of lines, then the equation 50. If the pair of straight lines xy  x  y  1  0 &
of pair of lines parallel to them and passing the line ax+2y-3=0 are concurrent then a =
1) -1 2) 3 3) 1 4) 0
through the point (0,1) is
51. If the lines represented by
1) 2x2 + 5xy + 3y2 - 5x + 6y = 0
2 2
ax 2  4 xy  y 2  8 x  2 fy  c  0 intersect
2) 2x + 5xy + 3y + 5x - 6y + 3 = 0 on Y-axis, then (f, c) =
3) 2x2 + 5xy + 3y2 - 5x - 6y + 3 = 0 1) (2, 4) 2) (4, 2) 3) (-2, -4) 4) (-4, -
4) 2x2 + 5xy + 3y2 + 5x + 6y + 3 = 0 2)
INTERCEPTS OF A PAIR OF LINES ON
DISTANCE BETWEEN PARALLEL LINES
COORDINATE AXES
44. If the distance between the pair of parallel
52. The intercept made by the pair of lines
lines x2  2xy  y 2  8ax  8ay  9a 2  0 is 6x2 - 7xy - 3y2 - 24x – 3y + 18 = 0 on the X-axis
is
25 2 then a =
1) 2 2) 4 3) 6 4) 8
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 5 53. A: Intercept made by the pair of lines
45. The condition for the equation
6x2  7xy  3y2  24x  3y 18  0 on X-axis
x 2       xy  y 2  x  y  0 to B:Intercept made by the pair of lines
represent pair of parallel lines and the 2 x 2  4 xy  6 y 2  3x  y  1  0 on Y-axis
distance between them are C:The distance between the parallel lines
1 x 2  2 3 xy  3 y 2  3 x  3 3 y  4  0
1)     0, 1   2
2)     0, Arrange A,B,C in descending order
1  2
1) A, B, C 2) C, A, B 3) B, C, A 4) C, B, A
1
NATURE OF QUADRILATERAL
3)   , 1   2 4)    ,
1  2
54. The figure formed by the four lines
46. The distance between the parallel lines given 3 x 2  10 xy  3 y 2  0 and
by ( x  7 y ) 2  4 2( x  7 y )  42  0 is (EAM-12) 3 x 2  10 xy  3 y 2  28 x  28 y  49  0
1) parallelogram 2) rhombus
1) 4/5 2) 4 2 3) 2 4) 10 2 3) rectangle 4) square

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 PAIR OF STRAIGHT LINES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

55. If the adjacent sides of a parallelogram are EXERCISE -I (C.W)-HINTS

2 x 2  5 xy  3 y 2  0 and one diagonal is
x+y+2=0 then the other diagonal is 1. Separate the given equation by resolving into factors
1) 9x-11y=0 2) 9x+11y=0 1
2. h 2  ab  0  1  4 a 2  0  a 2  0
3) 11x-9y=0 4) 11x+9y=0 4
56. The area of the square formed by the lines 2 h 2  ab
6 x 2  5 xy  6 y 2  0 and 3.
b
6x2  5xy 6y2  x  5y 1  0 in sq. units is
1) 1/ 3 2) 4/ 13 3) 13 4) 1/13
2 h 2  ab
HOMOGENISATION 4. Put   45 and use m1  m2 
0
b
57. The equation to the pair of lines joining the
origin to the points of intersection of y = x+3 5. y 2   m1  m2  xy  m1m2 x 2  0
and 2x 2+2y2=1 is 6.
2
4kh 2   k  1 ab & k  2
1) 12 (x2+y2) = (x-y)2 2) 6 (x2+y2) = (x-y)2
3) 18 (x2+y2) = (x-y)2 4) 2 (x2+y2) = (x-y)2 7. y 2   m1  m2  xy  m1m2 x 2  0
58. A pair of perpendicular straight lines passes 2
through the origin and also through the point 8. A: 4kh 2   k  1 ab & k  3
of intersection of the curve x 2  y 2  4 with 2
R:  m  n  ab  4h 2 mn
x  y  a . The set containing the value of ‘a’
9. x 2  2cxy  y 2  0 Here m1  m2  8m1m2 ,c=-2
is ( EAM-08,10 )
1) 2, 2 2) 3,3 3) 4, 4 4) 5,5 ab
cos  
10. 2
59. The angle between the pair of straight lines a  b  4h 2
formed by joining the points of intersection of 11&12. a  b  0
x 2  y 2  4 and y  3 x  c to the origin is a
2 h 2  ab
right angle. Then c 2 is equal to (EAM-2007) sin  
13. 2
1) 20 2) 13 3) 1/5 4) 5 a  b  4h 2
TYPES OF TRIANGLES 14. a  x  x1 2  2h  x  x1  y  y1   b  y  y1 2  0
60. The triangle formed by the pair of lines 15. bx 2  2hxy  ay 2  0
3 x 2  48 xy  23 y 2  0 and the line
a 2  2h  b 2
3x  2 y  4  0 is 16. 2
a  b  4h 2
1) Equilateral 2) Isosceles
3) Right angled 4) Scalane
a 2  2h  b 2
EXERCISE-I (C.W)-KEY 17. 2
a  b  4h 2
1) 2 2) 3 3) 2 4) 2 5) 1 6) 3 7) 1
n 2 h 2  ab
8) 3 9) 3 10) 2 11) 4 12) 3 13) 3 14) 2 18to20. am 2  2hlm  bl 2
15) 3 16) 1 17) 4 18) 3 19) 4 20) 1 21) 4
22) 1 23) 4 24) 2 25) 2 26) 1 27) 3 28) 4 c2
29) 1 30) 3 31) 2 32) 4 33) 1 34) 3 35) 2 21. 3  a 2  b2 
36) 4 37) 3 38) 1 39) 3 40) 1 41) 2 42) 4
43) 3 44) 4 45) 4 46) 3 47) 2 48) 4 49) 4 n 2 h 2  ab
50) 3 51) 1 52) 1 53) 2 54) 2 55) 1 56) 4 22. am 2  2hlm  bl 2
57) 3 58) 1 59) 1 60) 1

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23&24. h  x 2  y 2    a  b  xy g 2  ac
44. 2
25. h  0 a a  b
26. Equation of the bisector of the angles between
x 2  2 pxy  y 2  0 is px 2  2 xy  py 2  0 this g 2  ac
45. h 2  ab and distance  2 a a  b
p 1 p
 
same as x2  2qxy  y2  0  1  q  1  pq  1
g 2  ac
2 46. distance  2
27. a  b  4h 2 a a  b

28. h  l 2  m 2    a  b  lm c
29. Both the pairs have same pair of angular bisectors 47. 2
a  b  4h 2
2
30.  3x  y   22  3x  y  2,3 x  y  2
f f
31. m1  m2  2h / b, m1m2  a / b 48.  0 and 0
x y
32 to 34.   0
f 2  g2
35.   0, h  ab 2 49.
a2  h2
36. a  b  0 and   0
f f
50. Point of intersection is  0 and  0 and
ab x y
cos  
37. 2 substute in line
a  b  4h 2
51. f 2  bc, hf  bg
2 h 2  ab
sin   2 g 2  ac
38.   0 and 2 2 52.
a  b  4h a
ab 2 g 2  ac 2 f 2  bc g 2  ac
cos   53. A : B: C :2
39. 2
a b a ( a  b)
a  b  4h 2
54. a  b  0,  a  b  fg  h  f 2  g 2   0
2 h 2  ab
40. Here tan  
ab 55.  bl  hm  y   am  hl  x
c
1  1  1
   tan  5   tan  m  56.
2 h 2  ab
 
2
1  yx
m from the given condition we get 2 2
57. 2 x  2 y   
5  3 
a  1, b  1
58&59. n 2  a  b   2n  lg  mf   c  l 2  m 2   0
ab
cos   60. The pair of lines passing through origin and which
41. 2
a  b  4h 2
forms an equilateral triangle with the given line is
42. b  x  x1 2  2h  x  x1  y  y1   a  y  y1 2  0
2 2
2
43. a x  x1   2h x  x1  y  y1  b y  y1   0
2  3x  2 y   32x  3y   0

 3 x 2  48 xy  23 y 2  0

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 PAIR OF STRAIGHT LINES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

ANGLE BETWEEN PAIR OF LINES

EXERCISE - 1 (H.W)
9. If the acute angle between the pair of lines
HOMOGENEOUS PAIR OF LINES
SEPARATE EQUATIONS OF PAIR 2x2  5xy  3y2  0 is tan1 k then k =
OF LINES 1) 1/5 2) 1 3) 7/5 4) 7
10. If the angle 2 is acute, then the acute angle
1. The sep arate eq uations of th e li nes between the pair of straight lines
repr es en ted by the equation
x  cos  sin   2xy cos  y2  cos  sin   0 is (EAM02)
2

2 x  3 y 2  x  2 y 2  0 are  
1) 3x+y=0; x+5y=0 2) 3x-y=0; x-5y=0 1) 2 2) 3) 4) 
2 3
3) x+3y=0; 5x-y=0 4) x+y = 0; x – 5y = 0 11. If the pair of lines represented by
NATURE OF PAIR OF LINES x 
 y 2 tan 2    x  y tan   are
2

perpendicular to each other, then  

2. The equation 3x2 10xy8y2  0 represents
1)  / 6 2)  / 3 3)  / 8 4)
1) real and distinct lines 2) coincident lines  /4
12. If  is the acute angle between the lines
3) imaginary lines 4) parallel lines
SLOPES OF PAIR OF LINES 6 x 2  11xy  3 y 2  0 , then tan  =
1) 9/7 2) 7/9 3) 3/7 4) 7/3
3. If 6 x 2  5 xy  y 2  0 represents a pair of lines PARALLELAND PERPENDICULAR
then I: m1  m2  5 II: m1  m2  1 LINES
Which of the above statements are correct 13. The equation of the pair of lines passing
1) only I 2) only II through (1,2) and parallel to the coordinate axes
3) both I and II 4) neither I nor II is
4. If s and p are respectively the sum and the 1) xy-2x-y+2=0 2) xy-x-2y+2=0
product of the slope of the lines 3) xy+2x+y+2=0 4) xy+x+2y+2=0
14. The equation of the pair of the lines through
3 x 2  2 xy  15 y 2  0 , then s:p= (EAM-2011)
(1, -1) and perpendicular to the pair of lines
1) 4:3 2) 2:3 3) 3:5 4) 3:4
5. The difference of the slopes of the lines x 2  xy  2 y 2  0 is
represented by 1) 2 x 2  xy  y 2  5 x  y  2  0
 
x 2 tan2   cos2   2xy tan  y 2 sin2   0 is
2) 2 x 2  xy  y 2  5 x  y  2  0
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4
6. The combined equation of the lines passing 3) x 2  xy  2 y 2  5 x  y  2  0
through the origin and having slopes 3 and
4) 2 x 2  xy  y 2  5 x  y  2  0
-2 is
1) 6x2-xy+y2 = 0 2) x2+xy-6y2=0 PRODUCT OF PERPENDICULARS
3) 6x2+xy-y2=0 4) x2-xy+6y2=0
7. If the slopes of the lines represented by 15. The product of perpendiculars from ( 0,1 ) to
ax2+2hxy+by2=0 are in the ratio 3 : 2, then the pair of lines 2 x 2  5 xy  y 2  0 is
1) 25ab = 24h2 2) 8h2 = 9ab
2 1 1 1 1
3) 16h = 25ab 4) h2 = ab 1) 2) 3) 4)
8. If the sum of the slopes of the lines given by 2 26 4 13
16. If the product of the perpendicular distances
x 2  2cxy  7 y 2  0 is four times their product, from (1, k) to the pair of lines
then c has the value (AIEEE-2004)
1) 2 2) -1 3) 1 4) -2 x 2  4 xy  y 2  0 is 3/2 units, then k =
1) 4 2) 5 3) 6 4) 8

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AREA OF THE TRIANGLE PAIR OF ANGULAR BISECTORS

17. The area of the triangle formed by the lines 23. The equation of the bisectors of the angle
between the two straight lines
x2  4 xy  y 2  0 , x+y=1 is x 2  xy  6 y 2  0 is
1) 3 2) 2 3) 1 4) 3 / 2 1) x 2  14 xy  y 2  0 2) x 2  14 xy  y 2  0
18. The area (in square units) of the traingle 3) x 2  14 xy  y 2  0 4) x 2  14 xy  y 2  0
formed by x  y  1  0 and the pair of straight 24. The pair of strai gh t l i n es hx2  y2 pxy 0
lines x 2  3xy  2 y 2  0 is: (EAM-2009) bisects the angle between the pair of lines
1) 7/12 2) 5/12 3) 1/12 4) 1/6 ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 then the value of p is
19. Match the following : 1) a - b 2) b - a 3) a + b 4)-a - b
List - I List - II 25. If one of the lines my2  1 m2  xy  mx2  0 is a
(sides of the triangle) (Area of the triangle) bisector of the angle between the lines xy =0,
1 then m is (AIEEE-2007)
A. x 2  4 xy  y 2  0 and x  y 1 1) sq.u 1) -1/2 2) -2 3) 1 4) 2
2
26. If one of the lines in the pair of stright lines
1
B. xy  0 and x  y  1 2) sq.u given by x 2   2  k  xy  4 y 2  0 bisects the
2 3
angle between the coordinate axes, then k 
3 1){-1,-5} 2){-1, 5} 3){1, -5} 4){1, 5}
C. x2  4xy  y2  0 and x  y  1 3) squ
.
2
27. If the pairs of lines 3 x 2  2 pxy  3 y 2  0 and
1 5 x 2  2qxy  5 y 2  0 are such that each pair
sq.u
4)
3 bisects the angle between the other pair, then
A B C A B C pq equals to
1) 2 1 4 2) 2 1 3
3) 1 2 4 4) 1 2 3 1) - 1 2) -7 3) -9 4) -15
20. The area (in square units) of the triangle 28. The equation of the pair of bisectors of the
formed by the lines x 2  3xy  y 2  0 and angles between the pair of lines
x  y 1  0 (EAM-2014) x 2  2axy  y 2  0 is x 2  2bxy  y 2  0 . Then
1) ab = 1 2) ab + 1 =0 3) ab = 2 4) ab+2=0
1 2 3
1) 5 2 2) 3) 4) EQUALLY INCLINED WITH A LINE
2 5 3 2
21. The area of the equilateral triangleformed by 29. If 2x+3y=7 makes equal angles with
9 x 2  12 xy  ky 2  0 then k =
the lines x 2  3 y 2  0 and the line x – 3a = 0, in
1) 3 2) 7 3) 14 4) 21
sq.units is 30. The pair of lines 2x 2 +3xy+5y 2 =0;
1) 3a 2 2) 2 3a 2 3) 3 3a 2 4) 4 3a 2 4x2+21xy+25y2=0 are
1) mutually perpendicular
22. If a, h, b are in A.P. then the triangle area 2) equally inclined to the axes
f o r m e d b y the pair of lines 3) equally inclined to each other
4) Each pair bisects the angle between the other
ax 2  2hx  by 2  0 and the line x  y  2 in
NON HOMOGENEOUS PAIR OF LINES
square units is SLOPES
a b 2 2
1) 2) a  b 31. 2x2  5xy 3y2  6x  7 y  4  0 represents two
ab
a b lines y  m1x  c1 and y  m2 x  c2 then
ab a 2  b2 m1  m2 and m1 m2 are
3) 4) 1) -5/3, -2/3 2) -5/3, 2/3
a b ab
3) 5/3, -2/3 4) 5/3, 2/3

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CONDITION FOR PAIR OF LINES 41. The equation of the pair of lines through the
point (a, b) and parallel to the coordinate
32. If 4 xy  2 x  2 fy  3  0 represents a pair of axes is
lines then f = 1)  x  b  y  a   0 2)  x  a  y  b   0
1) 2 2) 3 3) 4 4) 5 3)  x  a  y  b   0 4)  x  a  y  b   0
33. If the equation 2xy+gx+fy+5=0 represents a pair
of lines, then fg = DISTANCE BETWEEN PARALLEL LINES
1) 1 2) 10 3) 5 4) 0 42. If ax 2  2hxy  by 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0
34. T h e val u e of  su c h th at represents a pair of parallel lines then
x2 10xy 12y2  5x 16y 3  0 represents a pair of g 2  ac
straight lines is (EAM-2008)  (EAM-2011)
f 2  bc
1) 1 2) -1 3) 2 4) -2
35. The value of  with   16 such that a a b b
1) 2) 3) 4)
2 x 2  10 xy  12 y 2  5 x   y  3  0 represents b b a a
a pair of straight lines is (EAM-2009) 43. The distance between the parallel lines
1) -10 2) -9 3) 10 4) 9 9 x 2  6 xy  y 2  18x  6 y  8  0 is
2 2 2
36. x  k1 y  2k 2 y  a represents a pair of
1 2 4
perpendicular lines if 1) 2) 3) 4) 10
1) k1  1, k2  a 2) k1  1, k2  a 10 10 10
3) k1  1, k2  a 4) k1  1, k2  a 2 44. The distance between the parallel lines
x 2  2 2 xy  2 y 2  4 x  4 2 y  1  0 is
ANGLE BETWEEN PAIR OF LINES
1) 2 2) 2 2 3) 4 2 4) 8
37. The angle between the pair of lines
45. The distance between the two lines
2x 2  5xy  2 y 2  3x  3 y  1  0 is represented by
1  4  1  4  8 x 2  24 xy  18 y 2  6 x  9 y  5  0 is (EAM-10)
1) Cos   2) Tan   3) 0 4)  /2
5 5 3 6 7
38. The angle between the pair of lines 1) 0 2) 3) 4)
4 13 13 2 13
2x  22  3 x  2  y  2  2 y  22  0 is PRODUCT OF PERPENDICULARS
1)  /4 2)  /3 3)  /6 4)  /2
2 2
46. The product of the perpendicular distances
39. The equation x  3xy   y  3x  5 y  2  0 when from the point (-2, 3) to the lines
 is a real number, represents a pair of x 2  y 2  2 x  1  0 is
straight lines. If  is the angle between these 1) 3 2) 4 3) 5 4) 6
lines, then Co sec2  
POINT OF INTERSECTION OF PAIR OF
1) 3 2) 9 3) 10 4) 100 LINES
PARALLEL AND PERPENDICULAR 47. The point of intersection of the straight
LINES
lines represented by
40. The equation to the pair of lines through the 6x2  xy 40y2 35x 83y 11 0
origin perpendicular to the pair of lines 1) (3, 1) 2) (3, -1) 3) (-3, 1) 4) (-3, -1)
2x2  5xy  2 y 2 10x  5 y  0 is 48. If 3 x 2  11xy  10 y 2  7 x  13 y  k  0 denotes
1) 2 x 2  5 xy  2 y 2  0
a pair of straight lines, then the point of
2) 2 x 2  5 xy  2 y 2  0
3) 2x2  5xy  2 y 2  0 intersection of the lines is (EAM-2010)
4) x2 – 5xy + y2 = 0 1) (1, 3) 2) (3, 1) 3) (-3, 1) 4) (1, -3)

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49. If the equation 55. The pairs of straight lines x 2  3xy  2 y 2  0

ax 2  2hxy  by 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 & x 2  3xy  2 y 2  x  2  0 from a:(EAM-09)
represents a pair of straight lines, then the 1) square but not rhombus
square of the distance of their point of
intersection from the origin is (EAM-2013) 2) rhombus 3) parallelogram
4) rectangle but not a square
c( a  b)  af 2  bg 2 c(a  b)  f 2  g 2 56. A diagonal of the rectangle formed by the lines
1) 2)
ab  h 2 ab  h 2 2
2 2 2 2
x 2  7 x  6  0 and y  14 y  40  0 is
c( a  b)  f  g c ( a  b)  f  g 1) 5x+6y=0 2) 5x-6y=0
3) 4)
ab  h 2
(ab  h 2 ) 2 3) 6x-5y+14=0 4) 6x-5y-14=0
50. A: The product of the perpendiculars from 57. The length of the side of the square formed
 2, 1 to the lines 2x2  6xy  y2  0 by the lines 2 x 2  3 xy  2 y 2  0 and
B: The product of perpendiculars from 1,1 2 x 2  3 xy  2 y 2  3x  y  1  0 is
to the pair of lines 1 1 1 1
3 x 2  10 xy  3 y 2  28 x  28 y  49  0 1)
3
2)
5
3)
7
4)
10
C: The product of perpendiculars from  0, 0 
HOMOGENISATION
to pair of lines
58. The angle between the lines joining the origin
2 x 2  13xy 7 y 2  x 23 y  6  0
to the points of intersection of the lines
D: The square of the distance from  0, 0  to
3 x  y  2 and the curve x 2  y 2  4 is
the point of intersection of
x 2  y 2  x 3 y  2  0    
1) 2) 3) 4)
Arrange A,B,C,D in ascending order 6 4 3 2
1) D, A, B, C 2) B, C, A, D EXERCISE-I (H.W)-KEY
3) A, B, C, D 4) C, A, B, D
51. If the lines x 2  2 xy  35 y 2  4 x  44 y  12  0 1) 1 2) 1 3) 3 4) 2 5) 2 6) 3 7) 1
8) 1 9) 1 10) 4 11) 4 12) 2 13) 1 14) 2
and 5 x   y  8  0 are concurrent, then the
15) 2 16) 2 17) 4 18) 3 19) 2 20) 2 21) 3
value of  is (EAM-2007) 22) 3 23) 1 24) 2 25) 3 26) 3 27) 4 28) 2
1) 0 2) 1 3) 1 4) 2 29) 3 30) 3 31) 2 32) 2 33) 2 34) 3 35) 2
52. If the pair of lines 36) 3 37) 1 38) 4 39) 3 40) 2 41) 3 42) 2
ax 2  2hxy  by 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 43) 2 44) 1 45) 4 46) 2 47) 2 48) 2 49) 3
intersect on the y-axis, then (AIEEE-2002) 50) 4 51) 4 52) 1 53) 2 54) 4 55) 3 56) 3
1) 2 fgh  bg 2  ch 2 2) bg 2  ch 2 57) 2 58) 3
3) abc  2 fgh 4) 2 fgh  af 2  ch 2 EXERCISE-1 (H.W)-HINTS
INTERCEPTS MADE BY PAIR OF LINES 1. a  b 2  0   a  b  a  b   0
2

53. The intercept made by the pair of lines 2. h 2  ab  0

2x2 + xy - 8y2 - 2x + 7y + 1 = 0 on the Y-axis is
1) 6 2) 9/8 3) 1/5 4) 5 2h 2 h 2  ab
3. m
I: m1  m2   ; II : 1  m2 
NATURE OF QUADRILATERAL b b
54. The figure formed by the pairs of lines 2h a
4. s  m1  m2  and p  m1m2 
2x2+3xy-2y2=0 and 2x2+3xy-2y2-5x+15y-25=0 b b
is a
1) parallelogram 2) rhombus
3) rectangle 4) square

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 PAIR OF STRAIGHT LINES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

2 h 2  ab x2  y 2 xy
5. m
Put   45 and use 1
0  m2  3 x  2 pxy  3 y  0 is 3   3   p
2 2
b
6. y 2   m1  m2  xy  m1m2 x 2  0 But this is same as 5 x 2  2qxy  5 y 2  0
2 6 2q
7. l : m  3 : 2 and 
h2 l  m 
p

5
4lm ab
28. h  x  y    a  b  xy
2 2
2 h 4 a
8. m1  m2  4m1m2  
b b c2 29. h  l 2  m 2    a  b  lm
2 h 2  ab 30. Both the pairs have same pair of angular bisectors
9. tan  
ab 2h a
31. m1  m2  , m1m2 
b b
ab 32 to 35.   0
cos  
10. 2
a  b  4h 2 36. a + b = 0,   0
11. a  b  0 ab
cos  
37. 2
2 h 2  ab  a  b   4h 2
12. tan   38. a  b  0
ab
13. a  x  x1 2  2h  x  x1  y  y1   b  y  y1 2  0 2 h 2  ab
sin  
39. 2
14. b  x  x1 2  2h  x  x1  y  y1   a  y  y1 2  0 a  b  4h 2

a 2  2h  b 2 40. bx 2  2hxy  ay 2  0

15&16. 2 41. Combined equation of the lines x = a and y = b
a  b  4h 2
g 2  ac f 2  bc
42. 2 2
n 2 h 2  ab a a  b = b a  b
17to20. am 2  2hlm  bl 2
g 2  ac
43to45. 2
c2 a a  b
21. 3  a 2  b2 
a 2  2 h  b  2  2 g   2 f   c
46.
n 2 h 2  ab 2
 4h 2
22. 2h  a  b and apply am 2  2hlm  bl 2 a  b 
f f
47&48.  0,  0
23. h  x 2  y 2    a  b  xy x y
24. Compare the equation of pair of angular bisectors
 hf  bg gh  af 
of second pair with first pair 49.   0 and P.I   2
, 2 
25. One of the line represented by  ab  h ab  h 
ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 are bisectors of angles a 2  2h  b 2
between the coordinate axes (i.e, x=0, y= 0) 50. A : 2
2 2 2 a  b  4h 2
then  a  b   4 h   m  m   1  m
2 2

2 a 2  2h  b 2  2 g  2 f   c
 1 m  0  m  1 B:
2
2
26.  a  b   4h 2  a  b  4h 2
27. The equation of bisectors of

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 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I PAIR OF STRAIGHT LINES

c equation of the third side passing through the

C: f 2  g2 point (3,3) is
2 D: 2
 a  b  4h 2 a  h2 1) x+y =3 2) x-y=0 3) 2x-y=3 4) x+y–6=0
f f CONDITION OF PERPENDICULAR PAIR
51. P is the point of intersection of x  0, y  0 and p
4. If px 2  y 2  3x  11y  q  0 represents a
lies on the line
pair of perpendicular lines then (p, q) =
52. Let f  x, y   ax2  2hxy  by2  2gx  2 fy  c  0 ..(1)
1) (–1, –14) 2) (–1, 28)3) (1, –28) 4) (–1, –28)
f  x, y  5. The pair of lines represented by
Point of intersection of lines  0.
x 3ax2 5xy  a2  2 y2  0 are perpendicular to
 2ax  2hy  2 g  0 Since, if intersects an y- each other for
g 1) Two values of a 2) for all values of a
axis i.e, x = 0  y  . Thus putting this value 3) for one value of a 4) for no value of a
h
6. If the equation x2+py2+y=a2 represents a pair
is Eq. (1) we get bg 2  ch 2  2 fgh
of perpendicular lines, then the point of
2 f 2  bc intersection of the lines is
53. 1) (1, a) 2) (1, -a) 3) (0, a) 4) (0, 2a)
b
COMMON LINE TO PAIR OF LINES
54. a+b=0, (a-b)fg+h( f 2  g 2 )=0
7. If the pair of lines 3x2-5xy+py2=0 and
55. a  b  0,  a  b  fg  h  f  g   0
2 2
6x2-xy-5y2=0 have one line in common,
56. vertices of the rectangler are A(1,4) B(6,4) then p =
C(6,10) and D(1,10) find AC or BD 25 25  25  25
1) 2, 2)  2, 3)  2, 4) 2,
c 4 4 4 4
2
57. a  then find a 8. If one of the lines represents by
2 h 2  ab 3x2-4xy+y2=0 is perpendicular to one of the
2 line 2x2-5xy+ky2=0 then k =
58. Homogenising x 2  y 2 4
 3x  y  0 1) -3, 13/9 2) 3, -13/9 3) -3, -13/9 4) -7, -33
4 9. The condition that one of the pair of lines
   ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 be coincident with one
 2 x  2 3 xy  0 Cos  Cos  3     3
2
  line of the pair 3x 2  12 xy  2 y 2  0 & the
EXERCISE - 1I (C.W) remaining lines are at right angles,then h(a-b)=
1) a + b 2) ab 3) 2 ab 4) a / b
ANGLE BETWEEN PAIR OF LINES
PAIR OF ANGULAR BISECTORS
1. If the pair of lines 2 x 2  3xy  y 2  0 makes 10. The line y  3 x bisects the angle between the
angles  1 and  2 with X-axis then lines ax 2  2axy  y 2  0 if a =
tan  1  2  
1) 1 2) 1/2 3) 1/3 4) 1/4 3 11
1) 3 2) 11 3) 4)
2. The triangle formed by x + 3y = 1 and 11 3
9x2 – 12xy + ky2 = 0 is right angled triangle
and k  9 . Then k = CENTRES RELATED WITH TRIANGLES
1) 3 2) 5 3) 7 4) 1 11. The centroid of the triangle formed by the pair
EQUALLY INCLINED of straight lines 12 x 2  20 xy  7 y 2  0 and the
3. If the equation 2x2 - 5xy + 2y2 = 0 represents line 2 x  3 y  4  0 is (EAM-2006)
two sides of an isosceles triangle then the

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 PAIR OF STRAIGHT LINES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

 7 7  8 8 g a1  b1 g ab
1)   ,  2)   ,  1) g  a  b 2) g  a  b
 3 3  3 3 1 1 1 1

8 8 4 4 h ab h a1  b1
3)  ,  4)  ,  3) h  a  b 4) h  a  b
3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1

12. If 2 x 2  5 xy  2 y 2  0 represents two sides of 20. The angle between the lines joining the origin
a triangle whose centroid is (1, 1) then the to the point of intersection of lx  my  1 and
equation of the third side is x2+y2=a2 is
1) x+y-3=02) x-y-3=0 3) x+y+3=04) x-y+3=0  
13. The orthocentre of the triangle formed by the 1) 2)
2 4
lines x 2-3y2=0 and the line x=a is

1 1   1 
 1
a   2a   4a  3) cos  2 2  4) 2 cos  2 2 
1)  , 0  2)  , 0  3) (a, 0) 4)  , 0   a l m  a l m 
3   3   3 
2 2
14. If x +4xy+y =0 represents two sides of 21. The combined equation of the pair of lines
 OAB and the orthocentre is (-1, -1), then passing through origin which are at a distance
the third side is 4 units from the point (5, 6) is
1) x+y = 2 2) x+y=1 3) x+y+1=04) x+y=3
15. The circumcentre of the triangle formed by the 1) 9 x 2  60 xy  20 y 2  0 2) 9 x 2  60 xy  20 y 2  0
lines x2 – y2 = 0 and y–5=0 is 3) 20 x 2  60 xy  9 y 2  0 4) 20 x 2  60 xy  9 y 2  0
1) (5, 0) 2) (0, 5) 3) (0, 0) 4) (5, 5) 22. Perpendiculars AL, AM are drawn from any
16. The orthocentre of the triangle formed by the
point A on the x-axis to the pair of lines
lines x+3y-10=0 and 6x2+xy-y2=0 is (EAM-2001)
1) (1, 3) 2) (3, 1) 3) (-1, 3) 4) (1, -3) 2 x 2  5 xy  3 y 2  0 the angle made by LM
P.I. OF PAIR OF LINES with +ve direction of x-axis is
   
17. The distance from the point of intersection of 1) 2) 3) 4)
6 3 4 2
the lines x 2  y 2  2 x  2 y  0 to the point of
CUBIC EQUATION
intersection of the lines
2 x 2  5 xy  2 y 2  x  y  1  0 is 23. Two of the lines represented by
1) 1 2) 0 3) 2 4)4 ax 3  3bx 2 y  3 cxy 2  dy 3  0 will be
HOMOGENISATION perpendicular if
1) a 2  ac  db  d 2  0
x y
18. If   1 intersects 2) a 2  3ac  bd   d 2  0
a b
5 x 2  5 y 2  5bx  5ay  9ab  0 at P and Q, 3) a 2  3ac  bd   d 2  0
 POQ   / 2 then the relation between a 4) a 2  ac  bd  d 2  0
and b is 24. The line x  y  1 meets the lines represented
1) a = b 2) a = 2b or b = 2a
by the equation y 3  xy 2  14 x 2 y  24 x3  0 at
3) a = 3b or b = 3a 4) a + b = 5
19. If the pair of lines which joins the origin to the the points A,B,C. If O is the point of
point of intersection of intersection of the lines represented by the
given equation then OA2  OB 2  OC 2 =
ax 2  2hxy  by 2  2 gx  0 ,
22 85 181 221
a1 x 2  2h1 xy  b1 y 2  2 g1 x  0 are at right 1) 2) 3) 4)
9 72 72 72
angles then
BIQUADRATIC EQUATIONS

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25. If two lines represented by 1 9 3 3

4 3 2 2 3 4 If  a
x  x y  cx y  xy  y  0 bisect the a 1 a 11
angle between the other two, then the value 11. Multiplying the option with 3/2 and put in the given
of ‘c’ is line
1) 0 2) -1 3) 1 4) -6 3
12. S1  S11
26. If a and b positive numbers  a  b  , then the 2
range of values of k for which a real  be 13. x  3 y  0; x  3 y  0 ; x  a vertices are
found such that equation
ax 2  2 xy  by 2  2k  x  y  1  0 represents  
 0, 0  , a, a / 3 , a, a / 3 
a pair of straight lines is In an equilateral triangle, centroid = orthocentre
1) a  k 2  b 2) a  k 2  b 14.  a  b  cx  dy   ad 2  2hcd  bc 2
3) k 2  a or k 2  b 4) k  2a or k  2b 15. In a right angle triangle mid point of
hypotenuse = circumcentre
EXERCISE-II (C.W) - KEY vertices are A  0, 0  B  5,5 C  5,5 
1) 3 2) 1 3) 4 4) 3 5) 1 6) 3 7) 4 clearly ABC is a right angled triangle
8) 4 9) 2 10) 3 11) 3 12) 1 13) 2 14) 2  circumcentre = midpoint of BC
15) 2 16) 1 17) 2 18) 2 19) 2 20) 4 21) 4 16. Take the perpendicular line to the given line
22) 3 23) 2 24) 4 25) 4 26) 4 x  3 y  10  0 and verify the options
f f
EXERCISE-II (C.W) - HINTS 17.  0 and 0
x y
2 h 2  ab 18. n2  a  b  2n  lg  mf   c  l 2  m2   0
1. tan 1   2   tan  
ab
19. g1  ax 2  2hxy  by 2  2 gx 
2 2
2. One of the lines of ax  2hxy  by  0 is
 g  a1 x 2  2h1 xy  b1 y 2  2 g1 x   0
perpendicular to lx  my  n  0 then
1
al 2  2hlm  bm 2  0   OC 2 2

One of the angular bisectors of the given pair of 20. OBC ,

l  m
3. C os   
 2  OB

a
lines is parallel to the third side and passing
B
through(3,3)
4. a  b  0 and   0
 C
5. These lines are  r , if a + b = 0 2
A
 3a   a 2  2   0  a 2  3a  2  0 O (0, 0)

This is quadratic equation in ‘a’ and B 2  4 AC  0

 the roots of the above equation are real and
distinct .  the lines are  r to each other for two 2
values of ‘a’ 21.   x   y   d 2  x 2  y 2  where  ,     5, 6 
 g  f  1  b  a 
6. a  b  0 ,   0 and P.I   ,  22.   tan  
 a b   2h 
7.  a1b2  a2b1 2  4  h1a2  h2 a1  h1b2  h2b1   0 a a
2
23. m1m2 m3   and put y  x in given equation
8.  a1a2  b1b2   4  h1a2  h2 a1  h1b2  h2b1   0 d d
24. The given cubic can be written as
1 1 1 1
9. h1     h2     y  2 x  y  3x  y  4 x   0
a
 1 1 b a
 2 b2   The three lines given by this equation are
10. Equation of the bisectors of the angles between y  2 x, y  3 x and y  4 x , they intersect at
2 2
x y xy 0  0, 0  and meet the line x  y  1 at the points
the lines ax 2  2axy  y 2  0 is 
a 1 a
which is satisfied by y = 3x

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 PAIR OF STRAIGHT LINES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I

 1 2   1 3   1 4  then
A , , B  , ,C  ,  1) h  h1  0 2) h  h1  0 3) 3h  2h1 4) 2h  3h1
3 3 4 4  3 3
5 10 17 221 8. If one of the lines given by 6 x 2  xy  4cy 2  0
 OA2  OB 2  OC 2     is 3 x  4 y  0 , then c equals
9 16 9 72
25. Product of the slopes = 1 and a pair of lines 1) 1 2) -1 3) 3 4) -3
represents the bisectors of the angles between the CENTRES RELATED WITH TRIANGLES
other two, the product of slopes of each pair is -1.
Let the equation of one pair be 9. Assertion (A) : If two sides of a triangle are
x 2  y 2 xy represented by x 2  3xy  2 y 2  0 and
ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0,  centroid is (2/3, 0), then the third side is
2a h
4 3 2 2
x  x y  cx y  xy  y3 4 2x  3y  2  0
Reason (R): If two sides of a triangle are
=  ax 2  2hxy  ay 2  hx 2  2axy  hy 2  represented by ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 and
ah  1 and c  6.ah  6  1 2x 2 y
1
26. We have h   , g  k , c  2k ; f  k , a p p l y centroid is  3 , 3  then the third side is
 
  0 will get quadratic in  for real x  ax1  hy1   y  hx1  by1   ax12  2hx1 y1  by12
  b 2  4ac  0 1) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A
EXERCISE -II (H.W) 2) Both A and R are true and R is not correct
ANGLE BETWEEN PAIR OF LINES explanation of A
1. The triangle formed by the pair of lines 3) A is true but R is false 4) A is false but R is true
10. The orthocentre of the triangle formed by the
x 2  4 y 2  0 and the line x-a=0 is always lines 2x+y=2 and 2x2 + 3xy - 2y2=0 is
1) Equilateral 2) Isosceles 1) (4/3,-2/3) 2) (1/2,1) 3) (0,0) 4) (1, 1)
3) Right angled 4) Scalene 11. Assertion A: If two sides of a triangle
EQUALLY INCLINED
represented by 2 x 2  4 xy  y 2  0 and
2. The lines 33y2 – 136xy + 135x2 = 0 are equally
inclined to orthocentre is (1,1) then the third side is
1) x+2y + 7 = 0 2) 2x + y – 7 = 0 x y3 0
3) x + 2y – 7 = 0 4) x + y = 1 Reason R: If two sides of a triangle
CONDITION FOR PAIR OF LINES represented by ax 2  2hxy  by 2  0 and
3. If the equation 6x 2+5xy+by2+9x+20y+c=0
represents a pair of perpendicular lines, then orthocentre is  c, d  then the third side is
b-c=
1) – 6 2) – 3 3) – 2 4) 0  a  b  cx  dy   ad 2  2hcd  bc2
1) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
4. If ax 2  6 xy  by 2  10 x  10 y  6  0 explanation of A
represents a pair of perpendicular straight 2) Both A and R are true and R is not correct
lines, then |a| is equal to
1) 2 2) 4 3) 1 4) 3 explanation of A
2 2
3) A is true but R is false 4) A is false but R is true
5. If the equation  x  5xy  6 y  x  3 y  0 12. The circumcentre of the triangle formed by
represents a pair of straight lines then their the lines 2x2 - 3xy-2y2=0 and 3x-y=10 is
point of intersection is (EAM-2000) 1) (2,1) 2) (1,-2) 3) (3,-6) 4) (3, -1)
1) (-3, -1) 2) (-1, -3) 3) (3, 1) 4) (1, 3) 13. The coordinates of the orthocentre of the
COMMON LINE TO PAIR OF LINES
triangle formed by the lines 2 x 2  3xy  y 2  0
6. If the two pairs of lines 3x2 - 5xy + 2y2 = 0 and
6x2 - xy + ky2 = 0 have one line i n c o mm o n , and x+y=1 are is
t h e n k 2 + 7 k –1 0 = 1) (1, 1) 2) (1/2,1/2) 3) (1/3,1/3) 4) (1/4,1/4)
1) 0 2) -20 3) -1 4) 2 AREA OF THE TRIANGLE
7. If one of the lines represented by
14. The area of the triangle formed by the two
2 x 2  2hxy  3 y 2  0 be perpendicular to one rays whose combined equation is y = |x| and
of the lines given by 3x 2  2h1 xy  2 y 2  0 , the line x + 2y = 2. (in sq. units)

360 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-I PAIR OF STRAIGHT LINES

1) 4 2) 4/3 3) 8/3 4) 16/3 3&4. a  b  0 and   0

5.   0 , f  0 and f  0
HOMOGENISATION x y
15. The curve x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 intercepts on 2
6.  a1b2  a2b1   4  h1a2  h2a1  h1b2  h2b1   0
the line lx  my  1 , a length which subtends a 1
lg  mf  1 7. Let the lines be y  mx & y  x then
right angle at the origin, then  m
l 2  m2 3m 2  2hm  2  0 . 3m 2  2h ' m  2  0 eliminating ‘m’
1) c/2 2) -c/2 3) 2/c 4) -2/c 2
y y 3 9
16. The lines joining the origin to the points of 8.  6  4c 2  0 ;  6  4c.  0  c  3
x x 4 16
intersection of x2  y2  2gx  c  0 and 3
x2  y2  2fy  c  0 are at right angles is 9. A : D  .G  1, 0  satisfies the line
2
1) g 2  f 2  c 2) g 2  f 2  0 R : D=3/2.G=(x1,y1) the eq. of third side is S1= S11
10. a+b=0, orthocentre is point of intersection of pair
3) g 2  f 2  2c 4) g 2  f 2  c 2 of lines
11. Orthocentre is (c, d) then the third side is
17. The line 4y  3x  48  0 cuts the curve (a + b) (cx + dy) = ad2 - 2hcd + bc2
y 2  64x in A and B. If AB subtends an angle 12. a + b =0, it is right angle triangle. Circumcentre lies
on 3x - y = 10
 at the origin, then tan  = 13. (kl,km)is the orthocentre of the triangle formed by
1) 20/9 2) 10/9 3) 5/9 4) 40/9 the lines ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0
CUBIC EQUATION 14. Given lines are x2  y 2  0 and x + 2y - 2 = 0
18. If the equation ax 3  3bx 2 y  3cxy 2  dy 3  0 n 2 h 2  ab 4
Area of the triangle = am2  2hlm  bl 2 = sq.units
 a, b, c, d  0  represents three coincident 3
lines, then 15. n  a  b   2n  lg  mf   c  l  m 2   0
2 2

a b c 16. Subtracting the given equations, we get gx-fy+c=0.

1) a  c 2) b  d 3)   4) ac  bd
b c d Apply n 2  a  b   2n  lg  mf   c  l 2  m 2   0 the
19. If the line y  3 x cuts the curve first equation and striaght line
x3  y3  3xy  5x 2  3 y 2  4 x  5 y  1  0 at the 2 h 2  ab
17. Homogenisation and apply tan   ab
points A,B,C, then OA.OB.OC is
18. Let ax 3  3bx 2 y  3cx 2 y  3cx 2  dy 3  0
2 4
1) 4

3 3 1
2) 3 3  1 3)
 3
 7 4)
13

3 3 1  represent three coincident lines; say y  mx
a b c a b c
13 m     
b c d b c d
BIQUADRATIC EQUATION x0 y0
 r
20. Eq. a  x  y   4bxy  x  y   6cx y  0 19. Tan  3 Line is any point
4 4 2 2 2 2
1 3
represents two pairs of lines at right angles. 2 2
The two pairs will coincide if r 3 
1) b 2  a  3c 2) a 2  b 2  3ac on the line is  2 , 2 r  . Where r is distance from
 
3) a 2  b 2  3ac 4) 2b 2  a 2  3ac (0,0) substituting in the curve
 1 3 3  2
EXERCISE-II (H.W)-KEY r 3    r ......  r ......  1  0 this is cubic in ‘r’’
1) 2 2) 2 3) 4 4) 2 5) 1 6) 2 7) 2  8 
1 4
8) 4 9) 1 10) 3 11) 1 12) 4 13) 2 14) 2  OA.OB.OC  8  3 3  1  
15) 2 16) 3 17) 1 18) 3 19) 1 20) 4 
1 3 3  13

EXERCISE-II (H.W)-HINTS 20.Given eq.   ax 2  pxy  ay 2   x 2  qxy  y 2 

2 2
1. The lines represented by x -4y =0 are comparing x3y and x2y2 on both sides
x+2y=0.....(1) x-2y=0....(2)
The given line equation is x-a=0...(3) i.e., angle p  aq  4b  (1); 2a  pq  6c  (2)
between (1) and (3) = angle between (1) and (2). p
again if two pairs coincide  q   3 from (1)
2 2 a
2. One line verify with h( x  y )  (a  b) xy 2b 2
& (3), q
a
and p = -2b   2  becomes 2a  4ba  6c
*******
PINEGROVE 361