Chapter 3: Identities  Worksheet (1)

Date:__________________
3.1 Meaning of Identities ( 恆等式 )
Class Exploration
Consider the equation 3x  9  3( x  3) , substitute different values of x in the equation and
Complete the table below.
Value of x 2 1 0 1 2
LHS = 3x  9
RHS = 3( x  3)

1. What values of x make both sides of equation 3x  9  3( x  3) equal ?

________________________________________________________
2. Find the solutions to the equation 3x  9  3( x  3) ?
________________________________________________________
 3x  9 ____ 3( x  3)

An equation is true only for some special value(s) of the unknown(s).

e.g. Find the solution to the equation 2x  6 = 0.
Sol.: 2x  6 = 0
2x = 6
 x = 3 is the solution to the equation 2x  6 = 0.

In an identity, it is true for all values of the unknown(s).

e.g. For the equation 3x  9  3( x  3) , for any value of x, the equation is true.
Therefore, the identity 3x  9  3( x  3) can be rewritten as
3x  9  3( x  3)
‘  ’ ( which means
‘is identical to’ )
Example 1.
Determine whether each of the following equations is an identity.

(a) 5(2 x  3)  10 x  15 (b) 4(2 x  3)  8x  12

Sol.:
LHS = 5(2x + 3)
= 10x + 15
= RHS
 5(2 x  3)  10 x  15

P.46
 (c) 2(9 x  6)  3(6 x  4) (d) 4(3x  9)  3(4 x  10)  6

Exercise
Determine whether each of the following equations is an identity.
1.  6(3x  1)  (18x  6) 2. 7(3x  6)  21(2  x)

3. 7(2 x  5)  14 x  35 4. 3(2 x  8)  6 x  22

5. 8  5(3x  2)  3(6  5x) 6. 12  7(2 x  3)  2(5  7 x)

P.47
7. ( x  3) 2  x 2  9 8. ( x  2) 2  x 2  4 x  4

9. ( x  4) 2  x 2  16 10. x( x  1)  2  ( x  1)( x  2)

11. ( x  3)( x  2)  x 2  x  6 12. ( x  2)(2 x  3)  2 x 2  7 x  6

P.48
Chapter 3: Identities  Worksheet (2)
Date:__________________
3.1 Meaning of Identities
Example 1.
Find the constants A and B in each of the following identities by comparing coefficient (比較係
數).
(a) 2 x  7  Ax  B (b) 11(3x  5)  A  Bx
Sol.:
Ax = 2x
A = 2
B=7

(c) ( x  1)( x  6)  x 2  Ax  B (d) ( x  2)( x  3)  A  x 2  Bx  3

Exercise
Find the constants A and B in each of the following identities by comparing coefficient.
1. Ax  12  8x  B 2.  5(2 A  Bx)  10 x  40

3. A(6 x  2)  18x  B 4. 5( Ax  B)  2( Bx  10)

5. 4(3x  A)  2( Bx  6) 6. 3(2 x  A)  2( Bx  9)

P.49
7. 2( x  5)  3( x  1)  Ax  B 8. 5( x  3)  4( x  2)  Ax  B

9. 6( x 2  1)  A  Bx 2  8 10. 4( x 2  A)  1  Bx 2  9

11. ( x 2  Ax  1)  ( x  B)  x 2  8 12. ( x 2  Ax  3)  ( x  B)  x 2  4 x  5

13. x 2  A  ( x  B)( x  3)  5 14. x( x  A)  2 x 2  Bx( x  2)  x

P.50
Chapter 3: Identities  Worksheet (3)
Date:__________________
3.2 The Identity of Difference of Two Squares ( 平方差 )
Class Exploration

b b
a b a b
Area = _________________

a a

( )
b
a b ( )

a Area = _________________

Difference of two squares： a  b a  b  a 2  b 2

Prove the Difference of two squares Identity：

L.H.S = (a  b)(a  b)

= a(a  b)  b(a  b)
= a 2  ab  ba  b 2
= a2  b2
= R.H.S  a  b a  b  a 2  b 2

Example 1.
Expand (展開) the following expressions by using the identity.

(a) ( x  5)( x  5) (b) (4 y  5)(4 y  5)

= ( x)  (5)
2 2
= (4 y) 2  (5) 2
= x 2  25 = 16 y 2  25

(c) (3  k )(3  k ) (d) (3m 2  8)(3m 2  8)

= ( )2  ( )2
=

P.51
Exercise
Expand the following expressions by using the identity.
1. ( y  4)( y  4) 2. (2 x  3)(2 x  3)

3. (7  9 x)(7  9 x) 4. (5x  4 y)(5x  4 y)

5. (2a  bc)(2a  bc) 6. (2m  3k )(3k  2m)

7. (6m  7n)(7n  6m) 8. (9 x  8 y)(9 x  8 y)

9. ( x  6 y)( x  6 y) 10. (2 p 2  3q)(2 p 2  3q)

11. (4 x  7 y 2 )(4 x  7 y 2 ) 12. ( x 2  9 y 3 )( x 2  9 y 3 )

P.52
Chapter 3: Identities  Worksheet (4)
Date:__________________
3.3 The Identities of Perfect Square Identities ( 完全平方恒等式 )
Class Exploration

1. Divide a square of sides (a  b) into four parts as shown in Figure A. a b

Area of square of sides (a  b) b

= a + a + b + b a

a b
a b Figure A
= ______________________________________________________

 (a  b) 2 = _____________________________________________

Is it possible for (a  b) 2  a 2  b 2 if a  0 and b  0 ? Explain your answer.

_____________________________________________________________

2. Divide a square of sides a into four parts as shown in Figure B. a b b

Area of square of sides (a  b) b2 b

a
b ( a  b )2 a b
(ab) b
= a  b  (ab)  b
a

Figure B
a

= ______________________________________________________

= ______________________________________________________

 (a  b) 2 = _____________________________________________

Is it possible for (a  b) 2  a 2  b 2 if a  0 and b  0 ? Explain your answer.

_____________________________________________________________

P.53
 Perfect square： a  b2  a 2  2ab  b 2 & a  b2  a 2  2ab  b 2

Prove the Perfect Square Identity：

L.H.S = (a  b) 2  (a  b)(a  b)

= a(a  b)  b(a  b)
= a 2  ab  ba  b 2
= a 2  2ab  b 2
 a  b  a 2  2ab  b 2
2
= R.H.S

Example 1.
Expand the following expressions by using the identity.
(a) ( x  5) 2 (b) (3 y  4) 2
= ( x) 2  2( x)(5)  (5) 2 = ( ) 2  2( )( )( )2
= x2  10 x  25 =

(c) (5 y  8) 2 (d) (2a  bc) 2

= (5 y) 2  2(5 y)(8)  (8) 2 = ( ) 2  2( )( )( )2
= 25 y 2  80 y  64 =

Exercise
Expand the following expressions by using the identity.
1. (2 x  3) 2 2. (5x  6) 2

3. ( y  4) 2 4. (2 y  3) 2

P.54
5. (7  9a) 2 6. (5x  4 y) 2

7. (6m  7n) 2 8. (3  k ) 2

9. (4 x  5 y) 2 10. (7 x  6) 2

11. (8  5k ) 2 12. (9k  2m) 2

13. (2  11b 2 ) 2 14. (4 x 3  6) 2

15. (a 2  5b 2 ) 2 16. (3m 2  2n 3 ) 2

P.55
Chapter 3: Identities  Worksheet (5)
Date:__________________

Difference of two squares： a  b a  b  a 2  b 2

Perfect square： a  b2  a 2  2ab  b 2 & a  b2  a 2  2ab  b 2

*Example 1.
Expand the following expressions by using the identity.
*(a) ( A  p)( A  p) *(b) (2m  n  p)(2m  n  p) *(c) (m  3n  p)(m  3n  p)
 A2  p 2 = (2m  n) 2  p 2

= (2m) 2  2(2m)(n)  (n) 2  p 2

= 4m 2  4mn  n 2  p 2

*Exercise
Expand the following expressions by using the identity.
1. (2 x  y  3w)(2 x  y  3w) 2. ( x 2  x  4)( x 2  x  4)

3. (m  n  4 p)(m  n  4 p) 4. ( x  3 y  5w)( x  3 y  5w)

5. (5m  n  p)(5m  n  p) 6. (2  6 y  y 2 )(2  6 y  y 2 )

P.56
*Example 2.
Expand the following expressions by using the identity.
(a) ( A  4 z ) 2 (b) (2 x  y  4 z ) 2 = [(2 x  y)  4 z]2
= (2 x  y) 2  2(2 x  y)(4 z)  (4 z) 2

= (2 x) 2  2(2 x)( y)  ( y) 2  8z(2 x  y)  16 z 2

= 4 x 2  4 xy  y 2  16 zx  8zy  16 z 2

(c) ( B  3z ) 2 (d) (2 x  y  3z ) 2

*Exercise
Expand the following expressions by using the identity.
1. ( x  3 y  z ) 2

2. (7 x  2 y  6 z ) 2

3. (5x  y  3z ) 2

4. (4 x  3 y  8z ) 2

5. (3x  y  2 z ) 2

P.57
Chapter 3: Identities  Worksheet (6)
Date:__________________
Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following is an 6. Expand (a  3b)(3b  a) 

identity? A. a 2  9b2
A. 2( x  1)  2 x 1 B. a 2  9b2
B. x( x  1)  2 x  1 C. a 2  6ab  9b2
C. ( x  3)  3  x D. a 2  6ab  9b2
D. x  x  x 2
1
7. Expand ( x  ) 2 =
2. Which of the following is NOT an 2
identity? 1
A. x 2 
A. ( x  2)( x  2)  x 2  4 4
B. ( x  2)2  x2  4 x  4 1
B. x2  x 
C. ( x  2)2  x2  4 x  4 4
D. x( x  2)  x 2  2 x 1
C. x 2  2x 
4
3. Find the values of A and B in the D. 4 x 2  4 x  1
following identity:
4( x 1)  B  Ax  3 8. Expand (5  a)[10  (5  a)] 
A. A = 1, B = 3 A. 15–a 2
B. A = 1, B = 7 B. a 2 –15
C. A = 4, B = 3 C. a 2 + 10a + 25
D. A = 4, B = 7 D. a 2 –10a + 25

4. Expand (3x  1)(3x  1) . p p

9. Expand (1  )(  1) =
A. 3x  1
2
2 2
B. 9 x2 1 p2
A. 1 
C. 9 x2  1 4
D. 9 x2  6 x 1 p2
B. 1 
4
5. Which of the following is/are an p p2
identity/identiites? C. 1  
2 4
I. (a  7)(a  1)  a 2  6a  7 p p2
II. (5b  1)2  25b2  10b  1 D. 1  
2 4
III. (2  3c)2  4  6c  9c2
A. I only
B. I and II only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

P.58
P.59