PART – A

1. What are alloys?

a metal made by combining two or more metallic elements, especially to give greater strength or
resistance to corrosion.

2. What are the two types of alloys?

 Ferrous alloys
 Non-ferrous alloys

3. Give the composition of Stainless steel.

Stainless steel is composed of Chromium = 14%, Nickel = 1%, Carbon = 1% and Iron = 84%.

4. Give the composition of Chromium steel.

Chromium steel is composed of Chromium = 0.5-18%, Carbon = 0.15 - 1.3% and Iron = 80.7 - 99.35%.

5. Give the composition of Vanadium steel.

Vanadium steel is composed of Vanadium = 0.5%, Chromium = 1.1 - 1.5%, Carbon = 0.4 - 0.5% and Iron =
97.5 - 98%.

6. Give the composition of Nichrome.

Nichrome is composed of Nickel = 60%, Chromium = 12%, Manganese = 02% and Iron = 26%

7. Give the composition of Dutch metal.

Dutch metal is composed of Copper = 80% and Zinc = 20%

8. Give the composition of German silver.

German silver is composed of Copper = 50%, Nickel = 30% and Zinc = 20%

9. Give the composition of Gun metal.

Gun metal is composed of Copper = 88%, Tin = 10% and Zinc = 02%
10. Give the composition of Duralumin.

Duralumin is composed of Aluminium = 95%, Copper = 04%, Magnesium = 0.5% and Manganese = 0.5%

PART – B

1. What are ferrous alloys? Give examples.

Ferrous metals are metals that contain iron and steel. Example of this are Stainless steel, chromium
steel and vanadium steel.

2. What are non-ferrous alloys? Give examples.

Non-ferrous metals are those metals that do not have iron or iron components. Example of this are
Nichrome, Dutch metal, German silver, gun metal and duralumin.

3. Give the composition and uses of Stainless steel.

Stainless steel is composed of Chromium = 14%, Nickel = 1%, Carbon = 1% and Iron = 84%. Common uses
of stainless steel are as follows:

1. Used for making kitchen utensils.

2. Used for making surgical instruments

3. Used for making automobile parts

4. Give the composition and uses of Chromium steel.

Chromium steel is composed of Chromium = 0.5-18%, Carbon = 0.15 - 1.3% and Iron = 80.7 - 99.35%.
Most common uses of this type of metal are:

1. Used for making rock cutting machines

2. Used for making files

3. Used for making ball bearings

4. Used for making connecting rods

5. Give the composition and uses of Vanadium steel.

Vanadium steel is composed of Vanadium = 0.5%, Chromium = 1.1 - 1.5%, Carbon = 0.4 - 0.5% and Iron =
97.5 - 98%. Common uses of this metal are:

1. Used for making gears and bearings

2. Used for making axles

3. Used for making springs and pistons

6. Give the composition and uses of Nichrome.

Nichrome is composed of Nickel = 60%, Chromium = 12%, Manganese = 02% and Iron = 26%. Most
common uses of this type of metal are:

1.Used in making resistance coils

2.Used for making heating elements in stoves, electric irons, water heater and toasters

7. Give the composition and uses of Dutch metal.

Dutch metal is composed of Copper = 80% and Zinc = 20%. Most common uses for this type of metal are:

1.Used for making cheap jewellery

2.Used for making musical instruments

3.Used for making battery caps

4.Used for making flexible hoses

8. Give the composition and uses of German silver.

German silver is composed of Copper = 50%, Nickel = 30% and Zinc = 20%. Common uses of this type of
non-metal are:

1.Used for making coins

2.Used for making ornaments

3.Used for making decorative materials

9. Give the composition and uses of Gun metal.

Gun metal is composed of Copper = 88%, Tin = 10% and Zinc = 02%. Most common uses for this type of
non-metal are:

1.Used for making bearings

2.Used for making coins

3.Used for making hydraulic Fittings

4.Used in foundry works

10. Give the composition and uses of Duralumin.

Duralumin is composed of Aluminium = 95%, Copper = 04%, Magnesium = 0.5% and Manganese = 0.5%.
Common use for this non-metal are as follows:

1.Used in building aircrafts

2.Used for making automobile parts and locomotive parts

3.Used for making surgical instruments

4.Used for making cables

PART – C

1. What are alloys? How are they classified? Give examples.

a metal made by combining two or more metallic elements, especially to give greater strength or
resistance to corrosion. Alloys are classified into two category:

firstly, Ferrous Alloy (Examples: Stainless steel, chromium steel and vanadium steel ) and lastly the
Non-ferrous alloys (Examples: Nichrome, Dutch metal, German silver, gun metal and duralumin ).

2. Explain the purposes of alloying.

We know that the purpose of the formation of alloy is generally to increase the hardness of
metal and to improve the malleability of metals. The general meaning of malleability is to make it
versatile or flexible to gain any shape. It also increases the resistance power of metal or makes
it corrosion-free.

3. Write a note on the following ferrous alloys.

a. Stainless steel – its name originates from the fact that stainless steel does not stain, corrode or rust as
easily as an ordinary steel.

b. Chromium steel - Chromium steel resists warping and melting under conditions of extreme heat and
is ideal for high-temperature applications such as jet-engine components.

c. Vanadium steel - is a steel alloy which contains small amounts of the element vanadium. Used in
structural steels, vanadium steel is lighter, stronger, and more durable than other types of steel alloys.
Vanadium steel is used in automotive manufacturing, pipelines, buildings, bridges, and heavy machinery
tools.

4. Write a note on the following non-ferrous alloys.

a.)Nichrome - is a family of alloys of nickel, chromium, and often iron commonly used as resistance
wire, heating elements in devices like toasters, electrical kettles and space heaters, in some dental
restorations and in a few other applications.

b.) Dutch metal - is a form of brass. The alloy typically consists of 85-88% copper and the remainder
being zinc. It is also very malleable and ductile and so can be beaten into very thin sheets. These
sheets are sold for use as metal leaf or imitation gold leaf.

c.) German silver - German silver is a metal alloy that is made to look as close to pure silver as
possible. It is typically made of a combination of copper, nickel and zinc, containing no actual silver
at all. It is also referred to as nickel silver.

d.) Gun metal - is a metal used for guns; specifically: a bronze formerly much used as a material for
cannon.

e.) Duralumin - is the trade name of one of the earliest types of age-hardenable aluminium alloys. The main alloying
constituents are copper, manganese and magnesium.

TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING

What are the alloys used in aircraft parts and automobile parts?

Aluminum metal is used for making airplanes and automobile engines. Aluminum is the perfect
material to use when manufacturing airplanes, thanks in part to its unique properties and
characteristics. It's strong, lightweight, predictable and inexpensive. Steel and iron are both
stronger than aluminum, but strength alone isn't enough to justify its use in aerospace
manufacturing.