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(E-Module) Math - Ch12 - Exponants and Power
(E-Module) Math - Ch12 - Exponants and Power
Compendium
A. Introduction
B. Powers with Negative Exponents
C. Laws of Exponents
D. Application of Exponents
E. Standard Form
a. Addition and subtraction of two very large and very small
numbers
b. Comparison of two very large and very small numbers
F. Bird’s Eye View
G. Solved Examples
H. Practice Yourself
I. Answer Key
1
CHAPTER 12
EXPONENTS AND POWER
A. Introduction
In the previous classes, we have already learnt that if a is a real
number and it is multiplied by itself m number of times, then
a × a ×a × ..m times=am
This process of expressing the product of a number by itself is called
the exponential notation or power notation.
Look at the given representation, i.e. 45 =1024. In 45 , 4 is called the
base, 5 is called the power or index or exponent, and 1024 is called the
exponential value.
solution:
a. We have (-5)×(-5)×(-5)=(-5)3
Here, base=-5 and exponent=3
3 3 3 3 3 3 5
b. We have × × × × = ( )
7 7 7 7 7 7
3
Here, base = and exponent=5
7
c. We have a×a×a×a×a=a5
Here, base = a and exponent = 5
p p p p p p 5
d. We have( ) × ( ) × ( ) × ( ) × ( ) = ( )
q q q q q q
p
Here, base = and exponent=5
q
2
CHAPTER 12
EXPONENTS AND POWER
Example 2: Calculate the value of each of the following:
2 3 5 4
a. 25 b. ( ) c. ( ) d. (0.3)4
5 4
Solution:
2 3 2 2 2 8
a. 25 =2×2×2×2×2=32 b. ( ) = × × =
5 5 5 5 125
5 4 5 5 5 5 625
c. ( ) = × × × = d. (0.3)4 =0.3×0.3×0.3×0.3=0.0081
4 4 4 4 4 256
3 4 5 3
a. (-5)3 b. (-3)4 c. ( ) d. (- )
5 7
Solution:
a. (-5)3 =(-5)×(-5)×(-5)=-125 b. (-3)4 =(-3)×(-3)×(-3)×(-3)=81
3 4 3 3 3 3 81 -5 3 5 5 5 -125
c. ( ) = × × × = d. ( ) = (- ) × (- ) × (- ) =
5 5 5 5 5 625 7 7 7 7 343
Note
(−1)odd positive number = −1 and (−1)even positive number = 1
Checkpoint-1
3
CHAPTER 12
EXPONENTS AND POWER
5. Express each of the following in exponential form:
27 -64 16
a. b. c.
125 729 49
10. If 𝐱 = 𝟑, 𝐲 = 𝟐, 𝐳 = 𝟏, compute:
a. xy +yz +zx b. (xy )(yz )(zx )
c. (x)y+z +(y)z+x +(z)x+y
4
CHAPTER 12
EXPONENTS AND POWER
1
In general, we can say that for any non-zero integer a,a-m = , where m
am
Examples:
3 -3 4 2 4 3 4 2 4 3 6 2
(a) ( ) ÷ ( ) = ( ) ÷ ( ) = ( ) × ( )
4 6 3 6 3 4
4×4×4 6×6 16
=( )×( )=
3×3×3 4×4 3
1 2 1 1 3
(b) (7-2 ×6-1 )÷3-3 = ( ) × ( ) ÷ ( )
7 6 3
1 2 1
= ( ) × ( ) ×33
7 6
1 1 9
=( ) × ( ) ×27=
49 6 98
C. Laws of Exponents
Law 1: If x is a non-zero rational number and m and n are two integers,
thenxm ×xn =xm+n .
Example : 52 ×5 = 52+1 = 53 = 5 ×5 ×5 = 125.
2 2 2 3 2 2+3
Example : ( ) × ( ) = ( )
5 5 5
2 5 2 2 2 2 2
=( ) = × × × ×
5 5 5 5 5 5
32
=
3125
Law 2: If x is a non-zero rational number and m and n are two integers,
thenxm ÷xn =xm-n .
3 3 3 2 3 3-2 3
Example :( ) ÷ ( ) = ( ) =
4 4 4 4
5
CHAPTER 12
EXPONENTS AND POWER
Law 3: If x is a non-zero rational number and m and n are two
integers, then(xm )n =xmn .
2 2
Example : (33 ) =(3×3×3)
=(3×3×3)×(3×3×3)
=30 =33×2 =729
2
5 2 5 5 2
Example : (( ) ) = ( × )
6 6 6
5 5 5 5 5 4 625
=( × )×( × )=( ) =
6 6 6 6 6 1296
Law 4: If x and y are two non-zero rational numbers and m is an
integer, then
xm ×ym =(x+y)m
Example : 33 ×73 =(3×3×3)×(7×7×7)
=(3×7)×(3×7)×(3×7)
3
=(3×7)
1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2
Example : ( ) × ( ) = ( × ) × ( × )
3 5 3 3 5 5
1 2 1 2 1 2 2
=( × )×( × )=( × )
3 5 3 5 3 5
Law 5: If x and y are two non-zero rational numbers and m is an
integer, then
m m
x m
x ÷y = ( )
y
4×4×4
Example : 43 ÷73 =
7×7×7
4 4 4 4 3
= × × =( )
7 7 7 7
6
CHAPTER 12
EXPONENTS AND POWER
2 3 4 3
Example : ( ) ÷ ( )
3 5
2 2 2
× ×
=3 3 3
4 4 4
× ×
5 5 5
2 3
3 2×5 3 5 3
=( ) =( ) =( )
4 3×4 6
5
Law 6: If x is a non-zero rational number, then x0 =1
2 0
For example, (5)0 = 1, ( ) = 1, etc.
3
1 3 1
For example, (6)3= ( ) =
6 63
2
2 -2 1 3 2 32 9
(3) = ( 2 ) = (2) = 2 = , etc.
4
2
3
solution:
a. 23 ×25 =23+5 =28 b. (-8)4 ×(-8)5 =(-8)4+5 =(-8)9
1
c. 97 ÷93 =97-3 =94 d. 87 ÷89 =87-9 =8-2 =
82
4 3
e. (23 ) =23×4 =212 f. (124 ) =(12)4×3 =1212
x 5 x 4 x 5-4 x
g. 26 ×56 =(2×5)6 =106 h. ( ) ÷ ( ) = ( ) =
y y y y
7
CHAPTER 12
EXPONENTS AND POWER
Example 5: Simplify the following expressions:
-2
a. (3)-2 ×(3)-6 b. 42 ÷43 c. (52 )
2
d. (-4)-5 ×(-4)3 e. (3-5 ) f. 95 ÷93
Solution:
1 1 1
a. (3)-2 ×(3)-6 =(3)-2+(-6) =3-8 = 8 = b. 42 ÷43 =42-3 =4-1 =
3 6561 4
-2 1 1 1 1
c. (52 ) =5-4 = 4 = d. (-4)-5 ×(-4)3 =(-4)-5+3 =(-4)-2 = (-4)2 =
5 625 16
2 1 1
e. (3-5 ) =3-10 = 10 = f. 95 ÷93 =95-3 =92 =81
3 59049
Solution:
35 ×(-6)2 35 ×(-1)2 ×(3×2)2
a. =
92 ×24 2
(32 ) ×24
35+2 22
= ×1× [∵am ×an =am+n and (−1)even integer = 1]
34 24
37
= 4 ×22-4 (∵am ÷an =am-n )
3
58 ×1
= 3
=58-3 =55
5
8
CHAPTER 12
EXPONENTS AND POWER
c. 34 ×2+20 ×36 =34 ×2+1×34 ×32 (∵a0 =1)
=34 (2+32 )
=34 (2+9)=34 ×111
3
d. (52 ) -92 ×32 +23 ×30 =56 -9×9×3×3+2×2×2×1 (∵a0 =1)
=5 ×5 ×5 ×5 ×5 ×5-729+8
=15625-729+8=14904
=2 ×2 ×2 ×3 ×3 ×3 ×3 ×23
=23 ×34 ×231
1 1 1
e. ((3)-2 ÷(-3)-4 )×(-2)2 = ( 2 ÷ (-3)4 ) ×(-2)2 (∵a-n = n)
3 a
1 1
=( 2
×(-3)4 ) ×(-2)2 = ( 2
×(-1)4 ×34 ) ×(-2)2
3 3
=34-2 ×1×(-2)2 [∵am ÷an =am-n , (−1)even integer = 1]
=32 ×(-2)2
(-5)2 ×3-3 ×72 (-1)2 ×(5)2 ×(3-3 )×72
f. =
25×92 ×53 2
(5)2 ×(32 ) ×53
1
1× 3×72 1
= 3
4 3 [∵(-1)even integer =1, a-n = and(am )n =amn
3 ×5 an
72 72
= 3= [∵am ×an =am+n ]
34 ×33 ×5 34+3 ×53
72
=
37 ×53
9
CHAPTER 12
EXPONENTS AND POWER
Checkpoint-2
10
CHAPTER 12
EXPONENTS AND POWER
10. Express the following in positive exponents only:
5-2 ×32 x-2 ×y-4 ×z-3 -2
a. b. c. (-3)2 ×(52 )
5-4 ×3-6 xyz
D. Application of Exponents
Staphylococcus genus-group of spherical bacteria are the significant
agents of wound infections, boils and other human skin infections and
are one of the most common causes of food poisoning. If starting with
1, they double by the end of every hour under normal conditions at
37°C. This can be observed using exponents.
End of every hour 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Bacteria—starting with one 2 4 8 16 32 64 128
Pattern of growth 2 22 23 24 25 26 27
Observing the above growth pattern, we find that at the end of a day,
i.e. after 24 hours, the bacteria count increases to 16777216, i.e. 224 .
Checkpoint-3
2. Solve for x.
a. 32x ÷3-7 =3-3 b. [128x ×12]÷125 =20736
3. Fill in the boxes.
3 -3
5 (32 ) ×(52 ) 2
-10
a. [5 ] ÷5 =1 b. = [3 ]
5-6
11
CHAPTER 12
EXPONENTS AND POWER
F. Standard form
The distance of the Sun from the Earth is approximately 149,600,000
km. The mass of earth is about 5,970,00,000,000,000,000,000,000.
The size of atoms and molecules are expressed in a unit called
angstrom. 1 angstrom is equal to 0.00000001 cm. It is cumbersome
to use such numbers in calculations. So, they are written using
exponents. Numbers written using exponents are said to be in
scientific notation or standard form.
A number is said to be in standard form if it is written in the form
n
a × 10 where a is a number greater than or equal to 1 but less than 10
and n is an integer.
For example, 400,000,000,000 in standard form is 4 × 1011 , and
-13
0.0000000000009 kg in standard form is 9×10
Example 7 Express in standard form.
(i) 9,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 (ii) 654,000,000,000,000,000
(ii) 0.000000000000008 (iv) 0.000000000384
Solution (i) 9,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 9; is followed by 21 zeroes.
21
9×10 .
(ii) 654,000,000,000,000,000, 654; is followed by 15 zeroes.
15 2 15 17
Therefore, it can be written as 654×10 =6.54×10 ×10 =6.54×10 .
8 8
(iii) 0.000000000000008 = = 15 =8.0 ×10-15
1000000000000000 10
384 3.84 × 100 3.84
(iv) 0.000000000384 = =
1000000000000 1000000000000 10000000000
12
CHAPTER 12
EXPONENTS AND POWER
a. Addition and subtraction of two very large and very small
numbers
To add or subtract two large or small numbers, we follow the steps
given below.
(i) Write both the numbers in their standard forms.
(ii) Rewrite the numbers such that the power of 10 in both of them
is the same.
(iii) Add the numbers in the usual manner.
13
CHAPTER 12
EXPONENTS AND POWER
Checkpoint-4
(d)100
2. Express the following in usual form.
(a)5.23× l04 (b)2.05×10-3
(c)2×10-5 (d)3.45 × 108
(e)2.49 × l015 (f)8.99×10-7
3. One angstrom is the ten billionth part of a metre. Express this
information in scientific notation.
4. A calculator can perform a single calculation in about 0.0000034
sec. How much time will it take to calculate 4,000 such
calculations? Express your answer in scientific notation.
5. Find the number of seconds in an hour, a day, a week, a month
and a year. Express your answers in scientific notation.
6. One hectare is equal to 10,000 sq. m. How much will this be in
square cm? Express your answer in scientific notation.
14
CHAPTER 12
EXPONENTS AND POWER
Bird’s-eye view
p m q m
reciprocal of ( ) is ( ) .
q p
15
CHAPTER 12
EXPONENTS AND POWER
Solved examples
(8-1 ×33 )
(c)
2-4 ×9-2
Solution:
4 3 4 3 34
(a)(-3)4 × ( ) =(3)4 × ( ) = ( 3 ) ×43
3 3 3
Solution:
9 3×3 3 3 3 2
a. = = × =( )
25 5×5 5 5 5
8 2×2×2 2 2 2 2 3
b. = = × × =( )
27 3×3×3 3 3 3 3
-64 (-4)×(-4)×(-4) -4 -4 -4 -4 3
c. = =( )×( )×( )=( )
125 5×5×5 5 5 5 5
-32 (-2)×(-2)×(-2)×(-2)×(-2) -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 5
d. = =( )×( )×( )×( )×( )=( )
243 3×3×3×3×3 3 3 3 3 3 3
16
CHAPTER 12
EXPONENTS AND POWER
Example 3: Express each of the following numbers as a product of
powers of prime factors:
a. 250 b. −1331 c. 3600 d. 3773
Solution:
a 250=2×125=2×5×5×5=2×53
b. -1331=(-11)×(-11)×(-11)=(-11)3
c. 3600=2×2×2×2×3×3×5×5=24 ×32 ×52
d. 3773=7×7×7×11=73 ×11
Example 4: By what number should 5-1 be multiplied so that the
product becomes (–7)–1?
Solution: Let the required number be x. According to the question,
(5)-1 ×x=(-7)-1
x=(-7)-1 ÷(5)-1
1 1 -5
x= ( ) ÷ ⇒x=
-7 5 7
4 -3 4 -9 4 6x
Example:5 Find x so that. ( ) × ( ) = ( )
5 5 5
4 -3 4 -9 4 6x 4 -3+(-9) 4 6x 4 -12 4 6x
Solution: ( ) × ( ) = ( ) = ( ) =( ) =( ) =( )
5 5 5 5 5 5 5
10
Solution (i) (-7)- ÷(-28)- =(-7)- ×(-28) =(-7)- ×(-7 ) ×4
10 10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10
= (-7)- ×4 =(-7)0 ×4 =1×4 =4
10+10
-3 -3 2 2
Example 7 Evaluate: (i) ( ) × ( ) (ii) (2-3 ×3-3 )÷6-6
7 7
-3 -3 2 2 7 3 2 2 73 22 7×4 -28 1
Solution (i) ( ) × ( ) = ( ) × ( ) = (-3)3 × 2 = = = -1 ( )
7 7 -3 7 7 -27 27 27
17
CHAPTER 12
EXPONENTS AND POWER
Example 8 Find the value of m in the following.
8 -4 8 6 8 -8 8 2m
(ii) (-4)- ×(-4) =(-4) (ii) ( ) × ( ) × ( ) = ( )
3 7 m
9 9 9 9
(iii) 6m-3 =1
2 -3 1 1 2-3
Solution (i) (3- -3 )× ( ) +130 ×(-1) = ( 2 - 3) × ( -3) +1×(-1)
2 -3 3
3 3 3 3
1 1 33 2 27 1 3
= {( - ) × ( 3 )} -1= ( × ) -1= -1= (- )
9 27 2 27 8 4 4
3
125 2 6 -5 -3 53 26 -83 53 26 (23 ) 29 26 28
(ii) ×( ) ×( ) = 7× 6× = (- 7) × 6× = (- 7 ) × 6 = (- 6 )
128 3 8 2 3 53 2 3 53 2 3 3
18
CHAPTER 12
EXPONENTS AND POWER
1 -2 3 -4
Example 11 By which number should ( ) be multiplied to get ( )
9 8
as product?
Solution Factor x Factor = Product ⇒ Factor = Product/Factor. The
3 -4 1 -2 3 -4 1 -2
required number = ( ) ÷ ( ) = ( ) × Reciprocal of ( )
8 9 8 9
3 -4 1 2 3-4 1 3-8 84
= ( ) × ( ) = -4 × 4 = ( -4 ) = 8
8 9 8 3 8 3
Solution:
1
1 3 1 3 3 1 1 8-1 7 7
a. [( ) - ( ) ] ×2 = ( - ) ×8= ×8= ×8=
2 4 8 64 64 64 8
8
19
CHAPTER 12
EXPONENTS AND POWER
1 2 1
b. (32 +22 )÷ ( ) =(9+4)÷ =13 ×25=325
5 25
Solution: We have
a. xx +yy =22 +33 =4+27=31
b. xy +yx =23 +32 =8+9=17
x x+y 2 5 2 2 2 2 2 32
c. ( ) =( ) = × × × × =
y 3 3 3 3 3 3 243
x x-y+3 2 2-3+3 2 2 2 2 4
d. ( ) =( ) =( ) = × =
y 3 3 3 3 9
Solution:
3
(32 ) ×53 32×3 ×53
a. = [∵(am )n =amn ]
33 ×52 33 ×52
am
=36-3 ×53-2 (∵ =am-n )
an
=33 ×5=3×3×3×5=135
(4)-2 ×32 32 ×(-4)3 1
b. 2 = 2 (∵a-n = n )
5 ×(-4)-3 5 ×(4)2 a
32 ×(-1)3 ×43
=
52 ×42
32 ×(-1)×43-2
= [∵(-1)odd integer =-1 and am ÷ an = am−n ]
52
(-1)×3×3×4 -36
= =
5×5 25
20
CHAPTER 12
EXPONENTS AND POWER
Example 16: Using the laws of exponents, simplify the following:
2
3x2 2 3
a. ( ) b. 3p2 q3 ×5pq2 c. 12p3 ÷6p2 d. (5a2 b )
2y
Solution:
2 2
3x2 (3x2 ) a m am
a. ( ) = (2y)2
[∵ ( ) = m ]
2y b b
2
32 (x2 ) 9x2×2 9x4
= = =
22 y2 4y2 4y2
b. 3p2 q3 ×5pq2 =(3×5)×(p2 ×p)×(q3 ×q2 )
=15×p2+1 ×q3+2 =15p3 q5
2
3 2 12p3 12
c. 12p ÷6p = = p3-2 =2p
6p2 6
2 3 3 2 3 2×3 6
d. (5a2 b ) =53 ×(a2 ) ×(b ) =125a2×3 b =125a6 b
Example 17: Express the following in positive exponents only:
7-2 ×52 x2 ×y-4 ×z-3
a. b.
53 ×7-4 x-4 ×y3 ×z5
Solution:
7-2 ×52
a.
53 ×7-4
2 72 -1
=7 ×5 =
5
x2 ×y-4 ×z-3
b. =x2-(-4) ×y-4-3 ×z-3-5 [∵am ÷an =am-n ]
x-4 ×y3 ×z5
x6
6 -7 -8
=x y z = 7 8
y z
Example 18: If(25x ×24 )÷8=64, find the value of x.
Solution: (25x ×24 )÷8=64
(25x+4 )÷23 =26 (∵xm ×xn =xm+n )
25x+4-3 =26 (∵xm ÷xn =xm-n )
25x+1 =26 5 x+1=6 ⇒5 x=5 ⇒x=1
21
CHAPTER 12
EXPONENTS AND POWER
Practice Yourself
1 marks question
a 3 c a3 c 3
(a)( ) 3 (b)
b d bd
ac 3
(c) ( ) (d)none of these
bd
3
2a-2 b
4. The expression equivalent to -5 is.
4a3 b
2
2a-5 ab
(a) 8 (b)
b 2
8
2 b
(c)2ab (d)
2a5
3 -3 3 4x 3 5
5. The value of x for which ( ) × ( ) = ( ) , is:
4 4 4
(a)1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
22
CHAPTER 12
EXPONENTS AND POWER
6. If (32𝑥−1 − 5) ÷ 2 = 11then the value of x is:
(a)1 (b)2
(c)3 (d)4
7. The standard form of 10 is:
(a)2×l09 (b)2×10-9
(c)5×10-8 (d)5×10-9
2 marks Questions
1. Find the value of the following expressions.
6 2 3 −4
(a) (9) (b) ( )
4
3
4 2 1 2 1 3
(c) (( ) ) (d)( ) × ( )
3 3 3
2 4 2 5 4 2 1 4
(e)( ) ÷ ( ) (f) ( ) × ( )
5 5 3 2
−5 2 3 −2 3 3 3 6 2 2
(g) ( ) ÷ ( ) (h) ( ) ÷ ( ) ( )
7 4 2 4 4
1 -1
(c)( ) (d)0
4
(e) 5-1
3. Simplify and express the result in the form of a positive exponent.
3 3
3 -2 2 3 2 0
(a) (( ) ) (b)( ) ÷ (( ) )
7 3 3
-4
3 2 8 2 3 -2
(c) (( ) ) ( ) 32 ÷52 ( )
8 3 5
23
CHAPTER 12
EXPONENTS AND POWER
4. Find the value of x if:
3 4x 4 2 2 2x
(a)7-2 ×32 = ( ) (b)( ) = ( )
7 9 3
3
(c) 343=72x
2 2 3 -4
5. If x= ( ) × ( ) find the value of x-2
3 2
3 Marks questions
4 -2 1 2
6. 6. If x= ( ) ÷ ( ) find the value of 𝑥 −1
5 4
24
CHAPTER 12
EXPONENTS AND POWER
4 Marks questions
12. Find the value of x if:
(c) 42 ÷24
3-2
15. Write using positive exponents.
4-5
16. Simplify:-5(-5)-1
2
17. Simplify:10-3 ×(3×108 )
18. Express 4,36,00,00,00,000 in the scientific notation.
19. The temperature at the core of Sun Sun is approximate1.5×107 °C.
Express it in expanded form.
20. Simplify: 2.4 × (0.6×10-4 ).
25
CHAPTER 12
EXPONENTS AND POWER
−145 −21 25 45
(c) ( ) (d)( )
63 −9
54 −67 −92 34
(c) ( ) (d)( )
7 5
1 −3 1 −7 6 −8 2 −8
(c) ( ) ÷ ( ) (d) ( ) ÷ ( )
4 4 13 13
−3
7 −2
(e) [( ) ] (f) (−2)−3 ÷ (−2)−2
9
𝑝
4. Write the following in form:
𝑞
1 −3 1 −2
(a)( ) (b)( )
−4 5
−2
3 −2 15 −1 1 −1 3 −1
(c) ( ) × ( ) (d)[( ) − (− ) ]
5 2 2 4
6. Simplify:
1 -1 1 -1 5 -3
(i) (2-1 - 3-1 ) ÷ (4-1 + 6-1 ) (ii) [( ) ÷ ( ) ] × ( )
2 4 2
26
CHAPTER 12
EXPONENTS AND POWER
4 3m 4 -6 4 -9
7. Solve for m: ( ) ÷ ( ) = ( )
7 7 7
3 -2 3 -1
8. By what should ( ) be multiplied to get ( ) ?
5 10
14. The mass of Jupiter is 1.9 × 1027 kg, and the mass of the SunSun is
1.99 × 1030 kg. Find the total mass.
15. Evaluate:
(i) 6.389 × 10-24 -5.54 × 10-25 (ii) 2.485 × 10-32 + 0.0254 × 10-32
(iii) (74 × 10-26 ) ÷(0.004 × 1021 ) (iv) 0.012 × 10-41 ÷0.003 × 10-46
27
CHAPTER 12
EXPONENTS AND POWER
Solutions
Checkpoint -1
2 4
1. a. 55 b. 74 c. (− )
5
2. a. 4, 3 b. 5, –1 c. 7, 0.3
1728
3. a. 9 b. 81 c.
1331
4. a. –8 b. –27 c. 256
3 3 −4 3 4 2
5. a. ( ) b. ( ) c. ( )
5 9 7
6. a. 53 × 22 b. 33 × 52 c. 22 × 73
7. a. (−3)2 b. 25 c. 38
8. a. 56 b. 16 c. 64
9. a. 125 b. 144 c. 125
10. a. 12 b. 18 c. 44
Checkpoint -2
1. a. 22 b. (−3)11 c. 𝑎12
2 3
2. a. 65 b. 1 c. ( )
3
−2047
3. a. b. –62 c. –7290
64
4. a. F b. F c. T
5. a. base, exponent b. 1 c. 1 d. 1
6. 709
9 1 3118
7. a. b. c.
510 3600 3645
8. a. 26 × 52 b. (6)5 c. 38 − 1 + 56
125𝑦 3
9. a. 200 𝑥 8 b. c. 27𝑎6 (8𝑏6 + 3𝑎2 )
4096𝑥 6
1 32
10. a. 52 × 38 b. c.
𝑥3 𝑦5𝑧 4 54
28
CHAPTER 12
EXPONENTS AND POWER
Checkpoint -3
1. a. True b. False
2. a. –5 b. 1
3. a. –2 b. 3
Checkpoint -4
1.
a) 6.7 × 10−8
b) 1.25436 × 108
c) 3.45 × 102
d) 8968 × 10−4
e) 1 × 102 ;
2.
a) 52,300
b) 0.00205
c) 0.00002
d) 34,50,00,000
e) 2,49,00,00,00,00,00,000
f) 0.000000899;
3. 1 angstrom = 1 × 10−10 m;
5. 1 hr = 3.6 × 103 sec, 1 day = 8.64 × 104 sec, 1 week = 6.084 × 105 sec, 1
month (30 days) = 2.592 × 106 sec, 1 year (365 days) = 3.1536 × 107 sec;
29
CHAPTER 12
EXPONENTS AND POWER
Novice level
Multiple-choice questions
1 marks questions
1. d)
2. c)
3. c)
4. d)
5. b)
6. b)
7. b)
8. b)
2 Marks questions :
1.
4
a)
9
13
b) 3
81
451
c) 5
729
1
d)
243
1
e) 2
2
1
f)
9
225
g)
784
20
h) 4
27
2.
25
a)
36
27
b)
64
1
c)
4
d) ∞
e) 5
30
CHAPTER 12
EXPONENTS AND POWER
3.
7 6
a) ( )
3
2 3
b) ( )
3
8 10
c) ( )
3
4.
1
a) 𝑥 =
2
b) 𝑥 = 2
c) 𝑥 = 2
3 12
5. ( )
2
3 Marks questions :
1 2
6. ( )
5
7.
a) 6.7543 × 107
b) 5.0 × 10−1
c) −7.6 × 101
d) 1 × 10−9
e) 0
f) 2.0 × 10∘
8.
a) 8,080
b) –72,000
c) –0.00000865
d) 0.00000432
e) 1.2;
9. 26 cm, 2.6 × 101
10. 2.985 × 10−4 ,149.25 gm approx.
11. 6.0 × 107
31
CHAPTER 12
EXPONENTS AND POWER
Advanced level
−25 3 8 7 −145 21 −9 45
1. (i) ( ) (ii) (13) (iii) ( ) (iv) ( )
23 63 25
5 −2 7 −4 5 4 1 4 5 −2 1
3. (i) ( ) (ii) ( ) × ( ) (iii) ( ) (iv) 3−8 (v) ( ) (vi) −
9 15 3 4 9 2
−64 10 9
4. (i) (ii) 25 (iii) (iv)
1 27 100
2 55
5. (i) ( )
5
2 4
6. (i) (ii) (iii) −𝑎2 × 24 × 112 × 32 × 7 (iv) −54 × 7−1 × 2−12
5 125
7. m = –5
6
8.
5
11. (i) 5 × 10−7 (ii) 3.6 × 10−7 (iii) 3.69 × 10−5 (iv) 1.0000234 × 10−1
15. (i) 5.835 × 10−24 (ii) 5.025 × 10−32 (iii) 2.96 × 10−48 (iv) 400000
32
CHAPTER 12
EXPONENTS AND POWER
33
CHAPTER 12
EXPONENTS AND POWER
34