POPULAR CULTURE DURING

THE PHILIPPINE CONTEMPORARY

PERIOD
4th Republic
(1981-1986)

AVILES, Mary // BARTOLO, Dean // PACILAN, Zennith Kyle // SALDO, Josh Astilla
INTRODUCTION

The Fourth Philippine

Republic, was established
after Ferdinand Marcos Sr
won the June 16, 1981
Philippine Presidential
Election.
10th President Of The
Philippines

Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin

Marcos Sr.

was a Filipino politician, lawyer,

dictator, and kleptocrat who was
the 10th president of the
Philippines from 1965 to 1986.
The Beginning of The 4th Republic
of The Philippines

Marcos announced the beginning

of the Fourth Republic on June
30, during his inauguration
speech.
MARTIAL LAW

President Ferdinand E. Marcos signed

Proclamation No. 1081 on September
21, 1972, placing the Philippines
under Martial Law.
Marcos declared Martial Law was the last
defense against the rising disorder caused
by increasingly violent student
demonstrations, the alleged threats of
communist insurgency by the new
Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP),
and the Muslim separatist movement of
the Moro National Liberation Front
(MNLF).
President Marcos replaced the 1935
Constitution with a new one that changed
the system of government from a
presidential to a parliamentary one, with
himself remaining in power as both head
of state (with the title "President") and
head of government (titled "Prime
Minister").
The deterioration of the political and
economic condition in the Philippines
triggered the decline of support on
Marcos’ plans. More and more Filipinos
took arms to dislodge the regime. Urban
poor communities in the country’s capital
were organized by the Philippine
Ecumenical Council for Community and
were soon conducting protest masses and
prayer rallies.
Martial Law was
ended by the
Proclamation No.
2045 last January
17, 1981.
Followed the end of
Martial Law, The
Presidential and Vice-
Presidential elections held
on 7 February 1986 in the
Philippines.
EDSA REVOLUTION
The People Power Revolution (also known as
the EDSA Revolution, the Philippine
Revolution of 1986, and the Yellow
Revolution) was a series of popular
demonstrations in the Philippines that began
in 1983 and culminated on February 22–25,
1986.

This case of nonviolent revolution led to the

departure of President Ferdinand Marcos
and the restoration of the country's
democracy. It is also referred to as the
Yellow Revolution due to the presence of
yellow ribbons during the demonstrations
following the assassination of Filipino
senator Benigno Aquino, Jr.
EXILE OF MARCOS
Marcos' family left the Malacanang
Palace on February 25, 1986 and
went to Hawaii. Marcos died in
Honolulu, Hawaii on the morning of
September 28, 1989, of kidney, heart,
and lung ailments.

ECONOMY
During Marcos' declaration of Martial
Law and his overthrow in the event of
the 1986 People Power Revolution,
the Philippine economy saw
significant highs and lows.

 The economy grew amidst the

two severe global oil shocks
following the 1973 oil crisis and
1979 energy crisis – oil price was
$3 / barrel in 1973 and $39.5 in
1979, or a growth of 1200%
which drove inflation.

The Heritage Foundation pointed that when

the economy began to weaken in 1979, the
government did not adopt anti-recessionist
policies and instead launched risky and
costly industrial projects. Despite the 1984–
1985 recession, GDP on a per capita basis
more than tripled from $175.9 in 1965 to
$565.8 in 1985 at the end of Marcos' term,
though this averages less than 1.2% a year
when adjusted for inflation.

 The Philippine peso

devalued sharply from
3.9 to 20.53.
The period is sometimes erroneously
described as a golden age for the
country's economy. However, by the
period's end, the country was
experiencing a debt crisis, extreme
poverty, and severe
underemployment.
 ARCHITECTURE
The Marcos administration is best remembered
for its contributions to the development of
Philippine infrastructure. Under Marcos, an
unprecedented number of buildings were
constructed, varying from public health centers
to cultural edifices. It is undeniable that Marcos
played an integral role in the development of
public infrastructure, with many of the roads and
buildings constructed during his time still in use
today.
ANGELO BREWING
Development Of Infrastructures

President Ferdinand Marcos had many

programs for his New Society
Movement. He had developed a lot of
infrastructures like: Specialty hospitals,
power plants, CCP Complex,
Malacanang ti Amianan (Malacanang
of the North), Museum for Native Art,
and the San Juanico Bridge.
The Cultural Center of the Philippines, one of the
infrastructures built during the time of Marcos.
MUSIC
"Bagong Pagsilang," also known as "March of the New Society

Bagong Pagsilang" (English: New Birth or

Rebirth), also known as the "March of the
New Society"The lyrics were written by Levi
Celerio and the music was composed by
Felipe Padilla de León in 1973.

 ART: SCULPTURE

Father of Modern Philippine Sculpture”, Abueva helped shape the local sculpture scene to
what it is now. He was the first Filipino artist to mount a one-man exhibit at the Philippine
Center in New York in 1980.
 DANCE
Leonor Orosa Goquingco (24 July 1917 -
15 July 2005) was a Filipino national
artist in creative dance, who was also
known for breaking tradition within
dance.

 ATTIRE

President Ferdinand Marcos also chose to popularise

Filipino attire and the wearing of the Barong Tagalog.
 LITERATURE

Proliferation of poems, short stories, and novels which

grappled with the burning issues of the times. Filipino writers
started to use their writings to explore socio-political realities.
A key weapon as a way of protest. Usually published through
magazines and journals, the writers found themselves silenced
when Martial Law was declared.
However a few authors bravely voice out their opinions
despite knowing the consequences. Gradually, the writers
found their voice. Bienvenido Santos, F. Sionil Jose, Gregorio
Brillantes, and Nick Joaquin are the promiment authors during
this peroid.
 SOURCES
Martial Law : Encyclopedia Britannica
https://www.google.com/search?q=events%20during%20the%20martial%20law&tbm=

Declaration of Martial Law: Official Gazette

Oh wait! https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/featured/declaration-of-martial-law/

Before Martial Law (1972-1985) : Philippine Literature, Culture,

and Music
you go... http://musicmediaandculture.blogspot.com/2013/01/martial-law-1972-1985-philippine.html

Event from martial law: Marcus Exile

https://www.sutori.com/en/story/events-from-martial-law to-marcos-exile--TxgbtYP4Z9p1pgF8fsx5bFJv

Fashion and clothing in the Philippines

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_and_clothing_in_the_Philippines

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