York University

Math 1019
Class test #1
February 2, 2006

Last Name:
First Name:
Student #:

Question Points Marks

1 15
2 8
3 21
4 15
5 21
6 20

Notes. 1. The duration of the exam is 75 minutes sharp. When the exam is over, stop writing
instantly, close your testbook and pass it to the person in your row sitting next to the aisle.
2. Since you will have to stop writing once the test is over, write down your name and student
number in ink (pencil is not acceptable) before you start working.
3. Answer all questions. There are 6 questions on 6 pages (including this page).
4. Present your solutions in a clear and well-organized manner.
5. Have a photo ID and a sessional student card on your desk ready for checkup.
1. (24pts) Prove that if n is an even integer then 3n2 + 5 is an odd integer. Clearly indicate which
method of proof you are using (indirect, direct,. . . ).

2. (8pts) Determine whether each of the following statements is true or false. Circle the correct
answer.

(a) ∅ ∈ ∅. TRUE FALSE

(b) ∅ ⊆ {∅}. TRUE FALSE
(c) {1, 2, 3} ⊆ {4}. TRUE FALSE
(d) {{1, 2}} ⊆ {1, 2, 3}. TRUE FALSE
3. (21pts) Let P(x) be the predicate
(∃y)(x + y = 2).

(a) Can you find an interpretation (i.e., a UD) in which (∃x)P (x) and (∃x)¬P (x) are both
true? Clearly answer by ‘YES’ or ‘NO’ and justify your answer by either stating what the
universe of discourse is and why are the formulas true, or stating the reasons that prevent
the existence of such a UD.

(b) Can you find an interpretation (i.e., a UD) in which (∀x)P (x) is true? Clearly answer by
‘YES’ or ‘NO’ and justify your answer by either stating what the universe of discourse is
and why is the formula true or stating the reasons that prevent the existence of such a UD.

(c) Can you find an interpretation (i.e., a UD) in which (∃x)¬P (x) and (∀x)P (x) are both
true? Clearly answer by ‘YES’ or ‘NO’ and justify your answer by either stating what the
universe of discourse is and why are the formulas true or stating the reasons that prevent
the existence of such a UD.
4. (16pts) Let A, B, and C be arbitrary sets. Show that A ∩ (B − A) = ∅. (Venn diagrams are not
acceptable as a proof. You need to verify that for an arbitrary x, x belongs to A ∩ (B − A) iff x
belongs to ∅.)
5. In each of the cases below, you need to clearly state what is the function and to justify why it
has the required properties. (No formal proof is necessary; for example, to show a function is
not one-to-one, you only need to exhibit distinct x and y in the domain such that f (x) = f (y).)

(a) Give an example of a function f1 : N → N that is one-to-one, but not onto.

(b) Give an example of a function f2 : N → N that is onto, but not one-to-one.

(c) Give an example of a function f3 : N → N that is neither one-to-one nor onto.

 x3 −3x2 +1
6. Given is a function f : R → R via f (x) = x2 +2
.

(a) Find the least n such that f is O(xn ). Justify your answer.

(b) With n as in part (6a), is it true that xn is O(f )? Justify your answer.