D-01: MIXER

Objective: To solidify and concentrate the calcium chloride solution to 94% by weight.

E-03: MIXER
SPECIFICATIONS
Operation Continuous
Type Stirred Tank
DESIGN DATA
Volume of vessel
Diameter of Vessel
Height of Vessel
Type of Impeller
Number of Blades
Wall Thickness
Head Thickness
Impeller Diameter
Length of Blade
Width of Impeller Blade
Width of Baffles
Impeller above bottom
Speed of Impeller
Power Requirement
Mixing Time
Design Calculation:

From Table 2-143, Perry’s Chemical Engineering Handbook 8th Ed

kg
ρ water @ 30℃ = 994.6721 3
m
Table of Densities of Sodium Chloride at different concentrations and temperatures Shapley
(2011)
kg
ρ NaCl @ 30℃ = 2,165 3
m
kg
ρ solution @ 30℃ = 1,190
m3

Capacity of Tank:
3472.22 kg
V water =
kg
994.6721 3 = 3.4908 m
3

1529.540 kg
V NaCl=
kg
2165 3 = 0.7065 m
3

m
VTANK = 3.4908 m3 + 0.7065 m3

VTANK = 4.1973 m3

At filling capacity,
4.1973 m3
VTANK =
0.80

VTANK = 5.2466 m3
Assuming volume allowance of 20%, (safety factor) [Pressure vessel of Chemical Process
Equipment by Couper]
VTANK = 5.2466 m3 (1.20)

VTANK = 6.2959 m3
Tank Diameter
Solving for the diameter of head (Silla, 2003):
V =V cylinder + V Spherical Bottom +V Spherical Head

π 2 π π
V= D H + D3 + D3
4 12 12
Where:
D = Diameter
H = 3D
Solving for the Diameter of Vessel,
2π 3
V= D
3
2π 3
6.2959 m3= D
3
D = 1.44 m
Solving for Height of cylindrical Section:
H = 3D [Chemical Process Equipment by Couper]
H = 3 (1.44 m)
H = 4.32 m
Pressure
Computing for the design pressure, assuming maximum operating pressure= 10% operating gage
pressure [Pressure vessel of Chemical Process Equipment by Couper]

P=ρgH
 kg m
P=1,190 3
×9.81 2 ×4.32 m
m s
P = 50,431.248 Psig
P = (50,431.248 Psig + 101,325)
P = 151756.248 Pa
Design Pressure
P = 151756.248 Pa (1.1)
P = 166931.8728 Pa

SOLVING SHELL THICKNESS:

Stainless Steel, S = 175 N/mm2

Corrosion Allowance = 2 mm

Computing for shell thickness:

PD
t s= +C
2 SE−Pi
Where:
ts = Shell Thickness
Pi = Working Pressure
E = Joint Efficiency
C = Corrosion Allowance
N
0.16693187 2
× 1440 mm
mm
t s= + 2mm
N N
2(175 2
)(0.85)−0. 16693187
mm mm 2

t s=2.80 mm ≈ 3 mm

Roof Design:
The overall diameter of the roof is 400 mm smaller than the inside diameter of the tank, which
has about 200 mm gap on each side between the roof and the inside tank wall. These gaps allow
the floating roof to rise and fall without binding on the tank wall. [API 650, 2007]
Dr = Di – 400 mm
Dr = 1.44 m – 400 mm
Dr = 1.04 m
Roof height: [Setting a diameter to height ratio of 2:1]
Dr 1.04 m
Hr= =
2 2
H r =0.52 m

Roof thickness: [ASME BPV Code Sec. VIII D.1 Part UG-32]
PD
t r= +C
2 SE−0.2 P
166931.8728 Pa ×1.44 m
t r= +2 mm
2(175 ×106 )(0.85)−0.2(166931.8728 Pa)

t r=2 mm

Bottom Design:
Design of Flat End [ASME BPV Code, Sec. VIII D.1 Part UG-34]

t e =D e
√ CPi
SE

t e =1.44 m
√ CPi
SE
Outside Diameter:
Do = D + 2t
Do = 1.44 + 2 (0.003)
Do = 1.446 m
AGITATOR DESIGN:
Liquid mixing
The following factors must be taken into account when choosing equipment for mixing
liquids:
1. Batch of continuous operation.
2. Nature of the process: miscible liquids, preparation of solutions, or dispersion of
immiscible liquids.
3. Degree of mixing required.
4. Physical properties of the liquids, particularly the viscosity.
5. Whether the mixing is associated with other operations: reaction, heat transfer.

(VMI Rayneri (ND), “Designing a mixer”)

At low viscosity and Do/D = 3,

Speed, N (rpm) = 170

Agitator Power Consumption

From McCabe’s Unit Operations, Fifth Edition, pp. 154 – 160
D = 1.44 m
Impeller Diameter:
D
Do = = 0.48 m
3
Impeller Above Vessel Floor:
D
E= = 0.48 m
3
Length of Impeller Blade:
L = 0.25 Do = 0.36 m
Width of Impeller Blade:
Do
W= = 0.288 m
5
Width of Baffle:
For viscosities less than 2.5 – 5.0 Pa·s, baffles is installed to prevent turbulence and assist
swirling of the mixture.
Do
J= = 0.144 m
10
Number of Baffles: 4
Baffle Spacing: 90 degrees around the vessel.

POWER CALCULATIONS
Power required by the impeller is given by following equation

Npρ N 3 D5
P=
gc

Where:
P = Power, watts
Np = Dimensionless power number (Power Number)
ρ = Density
N = no. of revolutions per min of impeller, RPM
D = diameter of the impeller, m

D2 Nρ
N ℜ=
μ
170 kg
( 1.44 )2 × ×1,190 3
60 s m
N ℜ= =3,495,744
0.002 Pa−s

If NRe > 10,000, Np = KT (McCabe’s Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering, Fifth Edition)

3 5
K T N DO ρ
P=
gc

170 3 5 kg
( 0.32) ×( ) ×(0.48) × 1,190 3
60 m
P=
1
P = 220.69 Watts =0.2959 hp
It is assumed that gear derive requires 5% of the impeller horsepower and system. Variations
require a minimum of 10% of this impeller horsepower. Thus, Actual minimum motor
horsepower = impeller required hp/0.85
 0.2959 hp
P=
0.85
P = 0.3481 hp

MIXING TIME
NRe = 3.52 x 106 
Using the Figure 10: Mixing time for agitated vessels table with relation to Reynold’s Number.
(MacCabe and Smith 2007). We can estimate the mixing time factor.

nt T = 130s
30
t T = 170
60
Mixing time = 45.88 s

Nozzle Sizing
 Assumptions: As per the Engineering Standard for Process Design (Standard Code
IPS-PR-880), the following cases are considered;
a. For Fluid inlet (Gas or Liquid): ρ ν 2 ≤1,000
b. For Gas Outlet: ρ ν 2 ≤3,000
m
c. For Liquid Outlet: ν=1.00
s

Volumetric Flow Rate

3
m
Q̇=0.001373
s
Feed Inlet Diameter of Nozzle
 Considering liquid fluid inlet
2 kg
ρ ν =1000
m−s2
kg 2 kg
(1190 3
) ν =1000 2
m m−s
 m
ν=0.9166
s
Q̇= Aν
3
m π 2 m
0.00 1373 =( )(di )(0.9166 )
s 4 s
d i=0.0 4236 m∨42.36 mm∨1. 667∈¿
Thickness of Inlet Nozzle
P D di
t ¿= +C
2 Jf −PD
(0.1669 MPa)(42.36)
t ¿= +(4 mm)
17 5 N
2(0.85)( )−(0.1669 MPa)
m m2
t ¿=4.0 23 mm∨0.15 8∈¿

Feed Outlet Diameter of Nozzle

 Considering liquid outlet
Q̇= Aν
3
m π 2 m
0.00 1373 =( )( d o)(0.9166 )
s 4 s
d o =0.0160 m∨16 mm∨0.6299∈¿