Strength of Materials Higher Institute of Technological Studies of Beja

Course: Strength of Materials

Lecturer: Dr. Islem Megdiche
Higher Institute of Technological Studies of
BEJA (ISET Beja)
Department of Mechanical Engineering
GM 1
Semester 1

1
Strength of Materials Higher Institute of Technological Studies of Beja

Course Syllabus
Instructor: Dr. Islem Megdiche, email: islemmegdiche@beja.r-iset.tn
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
Students should learn the basics of strength of materials including the definition of a rigid and
deformable bodies and the calculation of internal loads in a structure or a mechanical system. In addition,
students should perform the analysis of a structure when it is subjected to axial, shear, bending and
torsional loadings.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
Students completing the course should be able to:
• Learn the calculation of the reaction forces and moments applied on a structure or a mechanical
system.
• Learn to calculate the internal forces and moments in a structure in 2D.
• Learn to calculate the stresses and choose the appropriate dimensions of a structure subjected to axial
loads.
• Learn to calculate the stresses and choose the appropriate dimensions of a structure subjected to
shear loads.
• Learn to calculate the stresses and choose the appropriate dimensions of a structure subjected to
bending loads.
• Learn to calculate the stresses and choose the appropriate dimensions of a structure subjected to
torsional loads.
COURSE CONTENTS:
• Chapter 1: Statics of rigid body
• Chapter 2: Internal loading
• Chapter 3: Axial loading
• Chapter 4: Shear loading
• Chapter 5: Bending loading
• Chapter 6: Torsion loading
TEXTBOOKS AND REFERENCES:
• DeWolf, J.T., 2004. Mechanics of materials (in si units). Tata McGraw-Hill Education.
• Lecture notes of Dr. Russel English, Liverpool John Moores University
COURSE ACTIVITIES
• There will be one midterm exam and one final exam
• There will be five assignments

2
Strength of Materials Higher Institute of Technological Studies of Beja

Contents
Chapter 1: Statics of rigid body ........................................................................................................................... 5
1.1 Static Force system .................................................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Moment of a force ..................................................................................................................................... 5
1.3 Free Body Diagram ................................................................................................................................... 7
Chapter 2: Internal loading ................................................................................................................................ 12
2.1 Internal resultant loadings ..................................................................................................................... 12
2.2 Normal and shear force, Bending moment ........................................................................................... 12
2.3 Example .................................................................................................................................................... 12
Problem set 1: Internal loading.......................................................................................................................... 15
Solution of problem set 1: Internal loading ...................................................................................................... 17
Chapter 3: Axial loading .................................................................................................................................... 21
3.1 Normal Stress ................................................................................................................................................ 21
3.2 Deformation ................................................................................................................................................... 22
3.3 Normal strain ................................................................................................................................................. 23
3.4 The tensile test ............................................................................................................................................... 24
3.5 Poisson’s ratio ................................................................................................................................................ 26
Problem set 2: Axial loading .............................................................................................................................. 28
Solution of problem set 2: Axial loading ........................................................................................................... 29
Chapter 4: Shear loading.................................................................................................................................... 31
4.1 Shear Stress.................................................................................................................................................... 31
4.2 Shear strain .................................................................................................................................................... 32
4.3 Single and double shear ................................................................................................................................ 33
Problem set 3: Shear loading ............................................................................................................................. 35
Solution of problem set 3: Shear loading .......................................................................................................... 37
Chapter 5: Bending theory ................................................................................................................................. 39
5.1 Bending Stress ............................................................................................................................................... 39
5.2 Deformation-stress relationship ................................................................................................................... 40
5.3 Stress – strain relationship ........................................................................................................................... 40
5.4 Condition of equilibrium .............................................................................................................................. 41
5.5 Properties of area .......................................................................................................................................... 42
5.6 Distribution of stress ..................................................................................................................................... 45
Problem set 4: Bending loading ......................................................................................................................... 46
Solution of problem set 4: Bending loading ...................................................................................................... 47
Chapter 6: Torsion loading ................................................................................................................................ 49
6.1 Torsional stress .............................................................................................................................................. 50

3
Strength of Materials Higher Institute of Technological Studies of Beja

6.2 Shear strain .................................................................................................................................................... 51

6.3 Elastic torsion formula ................................................................................................................................. 52
6.4 Polar moment of inertia ................................................................................................................................ 52
6.5 Distribution of shear stress within the circular cross section .................................................................... 52
6.6 Angle of twist in elastic region ..................................................................................................................... 53
Problem set 5: Torsion loading .......................................................................................................................... 54
Solution of problem set 5: Torsion loading ....................................................................................................... 55

4
Strength of Materials Higher Institute of Technological Studies of Beja

Chapter 1: Statics of rigid body

1.1 Static Force system

A particle is a body with a matter of no significant size.

A rigid body is an idealized model of an object whose shape and shape do not change.
If a particle is subjected to forces, then the lines of action of the forces are concurrent, i.e. they pass
through the same point. However, the lines of action acting on a rigid body are not necessarily
concurrent, hence they create a turning effect.

Figure 1: Difference between concurrent and non-concurrent system of forces

1.2 Moment of a force

The non-concurrent forces applied to a rigid body tend to have a turning effect which is called moment
of the force. The moment of F1 and F2 about the axis passing through A is MA=F.d, where d is the
perpendicular distance between from the point A and the line of action of the forces. The moment of the
force F3 is different from the moment of the forces F1 and F2 as the perpendicular distance from the
point A to the line action is smaller.

5
Strength of Materials Higher Institute of Technological Studies of Beja

Figure 2: The calculation of a moment of a force

A simplified way to compute a moment of a force is by applying the following theorem: The moment of
a force about an axis is equal to the sum of the moments of its vector components about the same axis.

MA= F. d = Fx. y + Fy . x

Figure 3: Decomposition of the moment of a force

6
Strength of Materials Higher Institute of Technological Studies of Beja

Example:
Calculate the moment of force FC about point B, FD about point A, FB about point C.

MB = FC . dB/C= 90 × (160 +120) = 25,200 N . mm = 25.2 N. m

MA = FD. dA/D = 120 × (350 +200) = 66,000 N . mm = 66.0 N. m
MC = FB. dC/B = - 150 × [(160 + 120) cos 30°] = 36,373 N. mm = 36.4 N. m

1.3 Free Body Diagram

Drawing the Free Body Diagram (FBD) is an essential step before solving a problem involving forces.
An FBD of a rigid body is a sketch containing the external forces applied to it. The diagram can be
sketched for the whole body or part of it.
The external forces acting on a rigid body can be grouped as follow:

• Applied forces
• Gravitational forces
• Reaction forces or constraints

Example 1: Draw the FBD of the block A, B, and the assembly.

7
Strength of Materials Higher Institute of Technological Studies of Beja

FBD of the assembly

8
Strength of Materials Higher Institute of Technological Studies of Beja

FBD of block A

FBD of block B

Example 2: A structural member BC is carrying a 750N load at its mid span and is supported by a cable
AB and a pinned support at C. The member BC has a uniform cross section and a mass of 50Kg.
Determine the tension in the supporting cable and the reaction at the pinned support at C.

9
Strength of Materials Higher Institute of Technological Studies of Beja

Solution:
First draw the FBD of the member BC.

The weight of the bar is W = mg = 50. 9.81 = 490.5 N

The cable tension T can be determined by summing moments about point C.
MC = T × 1000 – 750 × 800 – 490.5 × 800 = 0
T = 992.4N
The equilibrium equations can be used to determine the reaction components Cx and Cy at support C.
∑Fx= Cx -T = Cx – 992.4 = 0
∑Fy= Cy -750 – 490.5 = 0
Cy = 1240.5 N

C = √Cx2 + Cy2 = 1588.6 N

Cy
θ = tan-1 = 51.3°.
Cx

1.4 Types of support

10
Strength of Materials Higher Institute of Technological Studies of Beja

• Roller support: It allows horizontal translation and a rotation, therefore there only one horizontal
reaction.

• Pin support: It allows only a rotation; therefore, two reaction forces are applied (one horizontal and
one vertical)

• Fixed support: It does not allow any motion. Therefore, two reaction forces and one moment are
applied.

11