4.

3 Sum and Difference Identities

Sum and Difference Identities for Sine

• sin(𝐴 + 𝐵) = sin 𝐴 cos 𝐵 + cos 𝐴 sin 𝐵

• sin(𝐴 − 𝐵) = sin 𝐴 cos 𝐵 − cos 𝐴 sin 𝐵

Sum and Difference Identities for Cosine

• cos(𝐴 + 𝐵) = cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 − sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵

• cos(𝐴 − 𝐵) = cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 + sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵

Sum and Difference Identities for Tangent

tan 𝐴+tan 𝐵
• tan(𝐴 + 𝐵) =
1−tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵
tan 𝐴−tan 𝐵
• tan(𝐴 − 𝐵) =
1+tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵

Example 1: Find the exact values of the following.

a. cos 150
Solution:
cos(15 0 ) = cos(60 0 − 45 0 )
= cos(60 0 )cos(45 0 ) + sin (60 0 )sin (45 0 )
 1  2   3  2 
=   +
 2  2   2  2 
2 6
= +
4 4
2+ 6
=
4
b. sin 750
Solution:
sin (75 0 ) = sin (45 0 + 30 0 )
= sin (45 0 )cos(30 0 ) + cos(45 0 )sin (30 0 )
 2  3   2  1 
=     
 2  +  2  2 
 2    
6 2
= +
4 4
6+ 2
=
4

c. tan 1050
Solution:
tan (105 0 ) = tan (45 0 + 60 0 )

=
( ) ( )
tan 45 0 + tan 60 0
( ) ( )
1 − tan 45 0 tan 60 0
1+ 3
=
( )
1 − (1) 3
1+ 3
=
1− 3
 1 + 3  1 + 3 
=  



 1 − 3  1 + 3 
1+ 3 + 3 + 9
=
(1)2 − ( )
2
3
1+ 2 3 + 3
=
1− 3
4+2 3
=
−2
= −2 − 3
 3 5
Example 2: If sin 𝛼 = , 𝛼 in QII and cos 𝛽 = , 𝛽 in QI. Find the following
5 13
a. sin(𝛼 − 𝛽)
b. tan(𝛼 + 𝛽)
c. cos(𝛼 + 𝛽)
d. csc(𝛼 − 𝛽)
e. Quadrant where (𝛼 + 𝛽) lies.

3 y 5 x
sin  = = cos  = =
5 r 13 r
y =3 x=5
r =5 r = 13
x = − r2 − y2 y = r 2 − x2
x = − (5) − (3) y= (13)2 − (5)2
2 2

x = − 25 − 9 y = 169 − 25
x = − 16 y = 144
x = −4 y = 12

x 4 y 12
cos = =− sin  = =
r 5 r 13

y 3 y 12
tan  = =− tan  = =
x 4 x 5

a. sin(𝛼 − 𝛽)
Solution:
sin ( −  ) = sin  cos  − cos sin 
 3  5   4  12 
=    −  −  
 5  13   5  13 
15 48
= +
65 65
63
=
65
b. tan(𝛼 + 𝛽) c. cos(𝛼 + 𝛽)
Solution: Solution:
tan  + tan  cos( +  ) = cos cos  − sin  sin 
tan ( +  ) =
1 − tan  tan   4  5   3  12 
=  −   +   
 3   12   5  13   5  13 
−  +  
= 
4  5  20 36
=− +
 3  12  65 65
1 −  −  
 4  5  =
16
33 65
= 20
36
1+
20
33
= 20
56
20
 33  20 
=   
 20  56 
33
=
56

d. csc(𝛼 − 𝛽) e. Quadrant where (𝛼 + 𝛽) lies.

Solution: Ans: Quadrant I
csc( −  ) =
1
sin ( −  )
1
=
sin  cos  − cos sin 
1
=
 3  5   4  12 
   −  −  
 5  13   5  13 
1
=
15 48
+
65 65
1
=
63
65
 65 
= 1 
 63 
65
=
63
 Activity 4.3
Sum and Difference Identities
Name: Date:
Year & Section: Score:
Solve the following as indicated and show your complete solution.

I. Find the exact value of the following.

a. sin 150 using 600 and 450
b. tan 2250 using 2100 and 450
c. cos 900 using 600 and 300
3 5
II. If 𝛼 and 𝛽 are fourth-quadrant angles such that sin 𝛼 = − and cos 𝛽 = , find:
5 13
a. sin(𝛼 − 𝛽) f. sin(𝛼 + 𝛽)
b. cos(𝛼 − 𝛽) g. cos(𝛼 + 𝛽)
c. tan(𝛼 − 𝛽) h. tan(𝛼 + 𝛽)
d. sec(𝛼 − 𝛽) i. sec(𝛼 + 𝛽)
e. csc(𝛼 − 𝛽) j. csc(𝛼 + 𝛽)