Principles

l0 Atphabet Reyiew
In lesson I you
read them? '
-* stu,
"''died the following nine
shorthand strokes.
How rapidly can
you
o
./,/ ))
: ::

The shorthand
st"^t
,h h. ;;;;,','f,f a sm a I I d e ep h o oJ<.
Thc"'
,1"_' :, ls
short rorwlrd a
, 'hortlan;;;;;;::^": i I'
Notc h"* ,h;;;;;:::1",, ,: , ronger Íorwat
curve
<cs nre 0.,,,.ír.#,111i:::: about three tim
ir longhand
tr¡¡res ás Jong
as r'
f"t;'''
o & ,- ñ ¡

no, n-o ----'/

so, s-o ¿
snow, ow17, o-n
s_n_o -v)
phone,
f-o_n
tow, t_o
donte, d.-o_nt
n-o-t u notc'
Notice that in stonc' s-r-o-n
on.n, and srorrc the
-/
stoe bcforc n r
or m,r1::l: j]: o
wou d ir
-. *;; ;;,'il'ffi.,;?J # : l; i,l: :',ff : § :'ff .:
r ;;

R
fJ, ;,*; ff ;:
Í0J/, Í-A
Lp
dear, d_e-r
rate, r-a-t more, nl_o-f
L?- '----a-4-¿
near, n_e-r
--e-- radio, r-a-cl-e_o
trade, t-r-a-d .-A--¿
/_?-- or, o-r ¿.<--
- free, f-r_e
L

br-_
 t
lay,l-a r__p
mail, m-a_l
late,l-a-t \__e-
---a-- leaves, l-e_v_s
\_
deal, d-e-l
low,l-o ,-----=-/
ail, a-l a-_
)
feet, f-e-t 2_ flow, f.t-o ¿-
,n., /-r. rs in tr,,c.
):::.
\\ ttn no :rop
hetwccll
ancl /_l , asin flow, are lyritten
rvith one sweep of
thc i and thre r or
1. the pe,,
¡)
re c
t
<-e f lort.
12 H, -ing
The letter ft is simo.
placed above
the vower. with rew exceprions,
1ng. f;;;ü;'i;:riot
::rh"which
a]most always occurs
á occurs
/ " vlvur§ at
ar tne
the end of a word,
is also expressed
,

H by a dot.

he, h_e ;,
_ ltc,tr.lt_c_r ."_
-ing ltolc. lt-o_l

reading, a-Pt'
r-e_d_ing
hearing,
Lt-e-r-ing
13 tong i
The shorthand
stroke for the io,g sound of -r-, as i, .high, is a rarge
bror<en circle.

tc9
high, h-i b write (right),
tire, [i-r .a- r-i-t
m\" m-l
_-e- fine, f-l-n
2
---o side, s-t-d
¿'
light,l-I_t \__p-
ntight. m-l-t , line,l-l-n
14 Omission of lfinor -ó \--?-
Vowels
Some rvords contain
v
.". il'*:,T1.'ff,:':ffi1or not pronounced at
lllLln ";;;;i.,rhese ari in ordi,ary
e-vn; the word metur
#::""r:1;1r'lie¡-r voweis;;;":;i,,Pronounced
:ed if they do i's
not contribute to speed
o
even, e_v_n
reader, r-e-d-r
,9-* later,I_a_t-r :_A*

E:L-EÉ
 mater, m-e-t-t motor, m-o-t-Í dealer, d-e-lt
--/- ---Z*

O Reading Practice
With the aid of a few words written in longhand, you can now read the following
sentences. Remember to spell each shorthand word aloud as you read it. Refer to
the key when you cannot read a word.

GROUP A

,'; -----e ff
2 .--?-.- --o
-
J"-¿ al ?-;- 4 a
/ --" ,/
,/ ,/.¿- ,/ // U-. \ I f*,
r-.<----- ,/rr1- fr_. u

;-_----.-a' ¿t ;-<- L- ,.
/, _----: ,-e----o-'*- zán GROUP C

)
/. - -=e ^9-
,; ; ;<- )--. ¿ -
a-fl\ --84 t-t -/"- o- \
./a-
---e --o- //'a-- 2 ,"--; -
GROUP B b -=./. 4 ZÁ-/
/9- ¡2 .--e- \ ---o 1-.1,t4-¿- )€" *0
"f
)// 1

----o ,-r' -¿,

,_V A¿ u----? t 1 d/^er4r\ [7aJ
-=o
GROUp A 1. Lee Stone may drive me home latet.. 2. My tadio dealet. is Dale Lee'
á.'ráli iiot, úght side is sore. 4. Dale may remain here this evening' 5' Mv rail'
road train Teaves at eight. GROUP g 6. Steve's train is 7ate. 7. My teading tate is
low. 8. Dave's teatling rate is high. 9. Dale may fly home at Easter. 70. steven
Teaves f or Rome in May, GRoup c 11. He is f eeling fi.ne. 12. Mary dyed her hait.
13, My name is David Deafing. 1.4. He notified me that my tire was stoTen. 15. 1
tore my evening dress.

LESSON 2
 LESSON

Principles
15 Alphabet Review
read them?
Here are the strokes you studied
in Lesson 1 and 2. How fast can You

) oo
\-/ \----.'' o

r"rords that are used over anc

The English language contains many
,p."i"l called brief fotttts' are provided
aid to rapid,t or,rrr"rá *riti.rg, "bbre,ri*tions,
forsomeofthesewords.Forexample,wewritentforam'vforhave'
Youarealreadyfamiliarwiththepfocessofabbreviationinlonghand-youwrite
them wellr
rrequentry, you wil l¡e wise to lear.
ljl#j1f:;ií,,1Tr?,-. ""..,,,o
ro aru, out,hout L-'/ am

will, well \*--/' it, at '/

Mr,
a, an in,* not
have
*In is also used as a word beginning in such words as:
,/
indeed' in-d-e'd inside' in-s-i-d
invite. in'v-I-t -// /
1
-l'
t.Didyounoticet6^t"u^"shorthandoutlineshavetwoormolemeanings?Youwill
havenodifficuttyselectingthecorrectmeaningofabriefformwhenitappearsin
will give you the answer'
the sentence. The sense oflht '"t't""ce

24 LEssoN 3

L
 ff:5e

By using brief forms for common words, -we are able to save writing time. Another
device that helps save writing time is called phrasing, or the writing of two or more
shorthand outlines together. Here are a number of useful phrases built with the brief
forms you have iust studied.

I have ) I will not a----,- he not !__-,-

will

I have not lam o- Ate not L-/-

I will a----- he will e_---/ 7n our

In Lesson I you learned one stroke for s and z. Another stroke is also used for s and z
in order to provide an easy ioining in any combination of strokes-a backward
comma, which is also w¡itten downward. For convenience, it is called the lelt s.
At this point you need not try to decide which s stroke to use in any given word;
this will become clear to you as your study of shorthand progresses.

S-Z I (
Lease,l-e-s \---( needs, n-e-d-s / days, d-a-s .(
sa7es, s-a-!-s A-< raised, ra-s-d -z most, m-o-s-t

seerTTs , s-¿-nl -s )-, readeÍs, r-e-d-r-s ,-y'<names, n-a-m', --e--

'-
19 1.,

[ff The shorthand stroke for p is a downward curve the same shape as the left s except
that it is larger-approximately half the height of the space between the lines in your
shorthand notebook.
The shorthand stroke for b is also a downward curve the same shape as the left s
and p except that it is much larger-almost the full height of the space between the
lines in your shorthand notebook.
Notice the difference in the sizes of the left s, p , and b ,

¿,/
sé, P'( B (
P

pay, p'a á
ó
opens, o-p-n-s

pipe, p-r-p
post, p-o-s-t

please, p-1-e-s
I
(__-<
W. spare, s-p-a-t

hope,h-o-p r pain, p-a-n

é
/ púce, p-r-I's
e
 B

.,/
bay, b-a 6 beat,b-e-t ,,.
/ blame.b-l_a_m (_C_
base. b-a-s
I bright,b-r-i-t ó-
neighbor, n-a-b-r _,a
boat.b-o-t é
bilel,b-r-e-f tl t-a-b-l L
4 labeI,

x:l;;::;j'1,:::;l::,;:,;.i,::;::J ,')"' ,",iu,,,Éo

,n,","'n,
iiXli,íJl;arewritten;,";,;;:'Jí,lf
b and the r or i. :,;:^:l^:.,^,
i;1"!"i,#,í:"Jj:,pause between ,
the p or
price
e Please (---€ brief btome (--
o Reading practice
You can already read
sentences rvritten
entirely in shorthand.
Suggestion

GROUP A

, -1'
/'
v-- 4-
.L-
¿_
)
L¿

a )-
*-/o
__=
-----t^-----9- ?
) -------\- /'-- (e., \_--
a-- t---P

GROUP B
---c> \-
/. 4e_ 6 / -----o-- 6
^---a
<
.)-
a/
___z_ ------é \ q--

¿,,
'----e
.d.
<.-- v
{-7
26 LEssoN 3
 14 o- 2-< r-----l \ 2
----o .?' e-, \
15 ---\--/ /:- -z ---o é; ',

t--/ C--é2, .- t48l

GROUP D
-"--74-/ 2_.-.
)
,/r/x )
16 a- {
a*-- -f - t-/ /' 2 ,/
é_--( '--1--/ L-9?
//
b., 6"< + Q--a
/-
GROUP C

----e
Z-le ---e L4
f
r¿' t*-+ á----* ( ot'-

20 ,/ J-? L---..-- { ---.,

k Z ----e) a4? - a--- t---(
o- r--+ - L-/ .--?'-- Is4]

LEssoN s i( zZ
 Principles
20 Alphabet Review
Here is a review of the 17 shorthand strokes you studied in Lessons I through 3.
How fast can you read them?

o)
\_---/ ._-/ (-/ o (((
21 00
The shorthand stroke for the sound of oo, as in to, is a tiny upward hook.

OO a.)
to (two, too) , ,/'2 tOOnT,I-OO-0 \-> new,n-OO
t-oo .2
do, d-oo ./ suit, s-oo-t ,Y noon, n-oo-n

who,h-oo i move, n7-oo-v

) Notice that the oo is placed on its side when it follows 11 or ni, as in rerv, noorr,
tttove. By placing the hook on its side in these combinations rather than writing it
upright, we obtain smooth joinings.

u2
At the bcginning of words rv, as in we, is represented by the oo hook; sry as in swect,
by s-oo.

we, oo-e -
d wait, oo-a-t v sweet, s-oo-e-t /
way, oo-a a4 \\/aste, oo-d-s-t 4- sweaÍ, s-oo-a-f A
C2<-

28 LESSON 4

r!¡
 Wh, as in why and while, is also represented by the oo hook.

why, oo-T á white, oo-i-t 7 while, oo-l-1 A--

Uselul Ph
Here are a number of useful phrases that employ the oo huok.
2
we afe J- wehave / ldo /
wewill J- wema\ ?-o I do not /-

hr
The shorthand stroke for k is a short forward curve.
The shorthand stroke for the hard sound of g, as in glnne, is a much longer forward
curve. It is called gay.
Notice the difference in the size and shape of oo, k, and gay.

OO 1 K v,-1 Gay ?-:

K

take, t-a-k .¿- l1ke,L-i-k v----é- week, oo-e-k ?-

ntake, nt-a-k
--é- keap, k'e'p 'r clean, k-l-e-n .'\--9-
cake, k-a-k .V1 care, k-a-r .'e- increase, --t''<
in-k-r-e-s
Gay

g,ain, .---a- great, /'--\?' go, .'1

\ay-a-n gay-r-a-t , gay-o
I ,ir, gan1a, ---V- grade, .--.r' goal, .'---7¡--
I r it gay-a-m gay-r-a-d gay-o'l
!,AVC, -'-'A green, /-\-c- legal, s----á-
g.ay-a-v / gay-r-e-n 1-e-g-1

Notice that k-r, asininuease, and gay-1, as\nlegal, are written with a smooth/ wave-
like motion.
tr -'r t,

increasa _---*< leg,al t-----¿-

But kJ, as ín clean, and gay-r, as ín green, are written with a hump between the k
and the I and the gay and the r.
tiv
clean ,a.--g- green z/---\-C-

LESSON 4 29
 o Reading Practice
The following sentences contain many illustrations of the new shorthand strokes
you studied in Lesson 4. They also review the shorthand strokes, brief forms, and
phrases you studied in Lessons 1 through 3.
Read these sentences aloud, spelling each shorthand outline that you cannot
immediately read.

,-1/ .-
GROUP A --'-e
la- (4 ----D /
2 2-----
7 / , ---é-// (-?- e I ; 14
2-, '^-'/ ¿\ 3v.-- <a- ---V- .--4-- \

a
-¿/
\ 2
4
.-.<.----e 10 ¿ w--é- h
/
L----
\---Z-
/t')

----?) - ./''1

/'-L-\---( /t . (-----* ---D--

d_-_.- a- 2r-4.'
, 4l.z e- . ---=
GROUP C

}n )/ ,,4 h._-_.- ., [43] 11 ) u r? ,-?tt ---O

). ,é \ + I
.----"{. *€ ,/
-
GROUP B 2t -r-9 f1 ,. rs )
."ó- f ----- ,// - t4 'a-- Z
t-e . L-/ ,--?'
(é\ ;).Z ,- v-r/'7/

30 LEssoN 4

§t- *
 *,. " ,w*q{ifillilü¡ffiñfiffiitfl'iflrr-

*--2
15 á ,-q( ./ A /'- 22- /--

t:: /,/

. o ----Y \
-,/-
[48]
-/

t^

7q .¿- - 23 /g ,d1

l* GROUP D
^9-
\--/

/?-'\---9- 7 --a,\_/

\_// \
24 \--./

\----l- \

,''l n- 18 (--( ) \ l47l

-
* ./ --2-- \ o.-u 4

24 (-/ : lg p--- I GROUP F

- €---¿--z/ .(

--e * ,o_
-\--/ )r"
,/z
I
27 o-

.?- - J-- /t ,/ // z\
; /----/
[51]
,4¿- /t---? t--./ /"

.__-e ). Z
.-9t- (-n
GROUP E 2so (4 (C

*-- .-,

21 2^? ,"'? L--., \---2-- ,/ ? ----O t-,4- \ [29]

LESSON 4 31
r----;-

Principles
26 Alphabet Review
Here are all the shorthand letters you studied in Lessons I through 4. See how
rapidly you can read them.

o )) o ./ ,/
l----'/ o (r (

The large circle that represents the rong sound

of a, as in ,rain, also represents the
vowel sounds heard in as and par.k.

as, 0-s
had, h-a-d
9 last, l-a-s-t ,_-€ happy, }.t-a-p_e f
plan. p-l-a-n a_C man, nt-o-n '--é-
A

park, p-a-r-k car, k-a-r

-a- far, f-a-r
mark, nt-a-r-k statt, s-t-a-r-t
-e- afm, a-I-m a-t-
28 E,l, Obscure Vowel
The tiny circle that represents the sound of é, as
in haat, also represents the vowel
sounds heard in best, him, and the obscure vower sound heard in r¡et,
hurt.
E

best, b-e-s-t letter,l-e-t-r \*_--ery set, s-e-t /

32 LEssoN s

''....=:--:
--
 help, h-a-l-p '"_-? red, r-e-d -?'-' settle, s-e-t-l /*
I

hint,h-e-m 'o-- bid,b-e d / city, s-o-t-e r

bi|l,b e 1 6-_- visit, v-e-s-e-t did, d-e-d ./
/
Obscure Vowel

her, lt-e-t 'a- seTvc, s-e-r-v (1il.s\ver. o-n-,\-? -r 0-6/

fir,st, f-e-r-s-, 2r. ealn, c-1:-17 hurt, h-e-r-t 'a--r-

29 Th
Two tiny curves/ written upward, are provided for the sounds of th. These clrrves
ith.
are called

Over lth 7/ Under ltl¡ -l_V

Over lth

/"
these, itlt-e s a9 then, ith-e-n tecth, t-e-itlt ,.o
thicft. ith-e-l< bath,b-a-itlt stjTooth, s-m-oo-ith )--1
Under lth

thctugh,ith-o -/' three , ith-r-e -¡9 17ealt11. ./

a-_-./r
h-e-l-itlt
tltc¡se , ith-o-s -y'{ carth, e-r-ith J clotlting, /--\--<-/'
k-l-o-itlt-ing

Brief Forms
Here is another group of brief forms for very frequently used business words. Learn
thern we1l.
:1
is, his ) can af

tl'te I yoLl, your /-7 with ó

that P Mrs. but c

-v(
LEssoN s 33
 3l Phrases
Here are useful phrases formed
with some of these brief forms'

rritll \ r)u f
-/) clo 1,ttrr ,'-
intl-te J
?
you have
of the (/ )'O11 t(lll .r-
, L'/
/ I ctntttc:tt ,\'oÜ aTe
v,ith the ¿7"L

o Reading Practice
written
you can already read business letters
Your progress has been so rapid that
entirelY in shorthand'

32 Brief-FormLetier . !., - .^

Thislettercontainsoneolmoleillustrationsofallthebriefformsinthrslesson.

a,=ry
) /' ---a/ /,/ - @rffiwffi@
33

./f z?*rO \---/

(r (¿-----(
q' ,/' ---<-- /t \-/
' ) ---á¿/-6-- )'''- t,'t--,
'-?=
,-? z-e¿ / t u f ,, ,-___-/ C4/ ry
-4'"- , q
"a
r O'
b
v €_
) .-?'r \---t- o > /
/ )
>Q- - -?< Z-- I {
/.
4/ l'- '- e---'- 't--/ /' 4
,, )* ) L-?f/ '-? ??
u )--l // -a-<\<12 é /'o-<
I
@['
U=-
 ---e-e ? )---'" ,'-------,-- "a
a )--- \----* ,).t" rz [73]
@mryr.,Tlrs

,.-.-.=>- 9- o r'
._-/- t---/' ,.'-V 174l a-9( 7--U r" ,/
:-tten

34 .r -i.. ik /L<
.o
"-Y * ' 2--- ?=, (-/ c<-// /
--\-a a'(- T ?-a'' P á--.,- ./t
17 4l
r" /+z_
-/-;/r,/,_1 '4 -d d*-
/ b v¿'-1-e-t P 4-- o a-
l: ,t?a--
./'
/-- ,
t C--e. \ +
¿_-4 /., l-'--
7
C_-r?
\----á-) \
./-?t,Ftrc
a \----á-----'t )
-

'/t '--( f r'-d- . ,-q/ ,^'--? -^--' 21 \

Iu- Pn a<- )-
---e
2 \¿/ ///-a
2
l-t /--\_--¿./

| ,---
I
N>
/-L
Z
n ¿-q- ,'4 7
\-_---/

. (--< dz ---o )é-

-

(',/
/" ,--á-'--1-e-( .. áa e=- t68l

l--<
t4
I

LESSoN s 35
 Lesson 6 is a "breather.,,
It contairr. rro rr"

tJ,I'jl ff :iH .',|jf : a',*ri. ."rr,na rion or the principres

Review,
that sovern
Re,ár.,g.;;;,.;;;;;;J_",il:*:,il1i:'",,Ts i through ,,'" *".lir cr,,,tf,.,J,
ces of Lcssons 1 through 5.

llere are the shorthand strokes

yoi-r thus far. Can you read
seconds or less? them

( u (,
--/ o /----\

) //O /"---\ O zt I

A,s a,nr;rrrcr,rI intercsr,

you rnight like to
know thc principles by which
you havc a.lreldy lt,arulccl are the words
wr¡trcn- Notice the groups
naturally fall. into which the joinings

Circles are written inside

curves and outside anglcs.

oppear,
a-p-e-r deuease,
relieve, ' d-e-k-r-e_s
--'é---(
r-e-l-e-v Iov.ors. d
/r

f-a_v_r_s ,/
Circles are wrirten cloc.kwise <
t\\¡o straight strokes in fin this direction A I on a straight iine or between
the same ai*.il.r.

me,ln-e _-__I2
41n7, a-m
C) llLAy, DL_A
mean, m-e_n --O
n7On, n7-a_n
--C>_ stayed, s-t-a-d_ ,./
LESSON 6
Between two curves written in opposite directions, the circle is written on the back
of the first curve.

4aar, gay-e-r .--\z wteck, r-e-k \--é-\ pave, p-a-v

/ ,
Cafe, k-a-r --A- leg, I-e-gay \_--ó---\ vapor, v-a-p-r
é
The o hook is written on its side before n, nl unless a downward character comes
before the hook.

O\ /nS, O-n-S ._7 loan. l-o-n \_--z- homes, h-o-m-s 't"=

but

bone, b-o-n phone, f-o-n

The oo hook is written on its side after n, m

news,n-oo-s j noon, n-oo-n movecl , m-oo-v-d

-7
The ovcr ith is risecl in rnost words, but when itlt is joined to o, t, i, the r¡nder ith
is uscd.

these, ith-e-s l? both, b-o-ith throtv, ith-r-o -P

The following chart reviews the shorthand devices you studied in Lessons 1 through
5. It is dividcd into three parts: words, brief forms, and phrases.
Speil each'ivord aloud thus: ith-r-o, thrott,. You need not spell the brief forms
and phrascs.
There ¿rre 84 shorthand outlines in the chart. Can you read the entire chart in 10
minutes or less?

WORDS

¿'^'-'</ /(L.q /* v 2*-

,,,
4?
6- 6-t /'n
_--v á- a- ó-1

r f
L-4
¡37
LESSON 6
7
 ,
4
4/
)" )* L

1rv 1,.- \--/'o' ,--?'O -'\9-

BRIEF FORMS

t*-'/
(-/ )
) e
/7 -"-Y
/-/ f I
PHRASES

: i,, a-- o- /- ¿---1-- d-=o 2-

/L./ (,/' (,
il /'L--./- /"'---\
,\---'t-
r{
-{2 _(? i
r
ii
I

i b I a_-( ó

,/' ,/O /"-'-f 2- e-------

__--y ,r', ,_-e ¿ A^ 2- c( L-"

-\r-,
v" 2' '=-' ',\4.*.r-: ra- "--
r_f-q)'r'/ ,o . /- L-- - o" )-1
| /
tTsl

38 LEssoN 6
 u__--/z q* .2- é_ q-,
ry 7 a z*41. .----l
f= (.,<¿¿ /-
O - t--,4- -

"<¿ ?L-e. x .
4- \!_¿/ {^--1., L
) *--a ¿o l-.á ¿'-u '--7 (1 /-)
(--/---O- ./

I .'-t^--( > a -* ,-----.- ----¿/ ,/ //6 - // f/ .- lt a( tsoj

-p.--t ?-- A--"' €-- :

.l';

,/ //f- ,// ( /\ o--

- ír,---- ,'aoy
á
1__ * Z9 ) )-->L---/ [84] ry,"// 4. (-^? -r

ilfr

F¿o-- oog-- A t\ . ---\_-/

- "7
u2 ¿*r> u é- L-€
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