Justus 1

Adelaide Justus

Professor Gutierrez, Professor Mosakowski

UL 100ZA

9 April 2023

Annotated Bibliography

dw_globalideas, seashepherd. “Catching the fish catchers.” Instagram, 20 February 2023,

www.instagram.com/p/Co4v276AxHD/. Accessed 6 April 2023.

CEO, Captain Alex Cornelissen, speaks during an Instagram post about illegal fishing.

He discusses how different the industry supply of fish is different than it was 30 years ago. He

claims that the populations have dropped below 40% and that by 2048 fish caught commercially

would not be sustainable. His organization, Sea Shepherd, helps with the prevention of Illegal

fishing and focuses on the conservation of the oceans. This topic he discusses will be very

beneficial to incorporate into my research.

“Fao.org.” Opens External Link in New Window, www.fao.org/iuu-fishing/en/. Accessed 9 April 2023.

The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United States provides tells us how Illegal,

Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) fishing is one of the biggest threats to marine life. They talk

about how IUU takes “advantage of corrupt administrations and exploits weak management

regimes,”. The article provides other articles to investigate and provides access to ways to go

more into depth about the topic. The links provided are categorized as Global Record, Catch

Documentation Schemes, Joint Working Groups on IUU Fishing, Transshipment, Voluntary

Guidelines for Flag State Performance, and Agreement on Port State Measures (PSMA). On the

side, they give some bullet point facts to look at, providing in-depth research topics. With this
 Justus 2

website, I can go more into depth with my research. It also provides me with more subjects on

the topic of illegal fishing that I can dig into.

Gómez, Guillermo, et al. “The IUU Nature of FADs: Implications for Tuna Management and

Markets.” Coastal Management, vol. 48, no. 6 pp.534–558, Jan. 2020, pp. 534–58. EBSCOhost,

doi-org.emporiastate.idm.oclc.org/10.1080/08920753.2020.1845585. Accessed 9 April 2023.

The article talks about the introduction of Fish Aggregation Devices (FADs) to help

commercial fishing to locate, aggregate, and catch schools of tuna. They explain the problems of

the introduction of FADs, these include an increase in bycatch of endangered species, habitat

destruction, marine pollution, and an increase in juvenile tunas. The paper focuses on the “legal

regime, market forces, and other factors that frame FAD use”. They suggest that FADs drifting

into closed-off areas become Illegal, Unreported, and/or Unregulated (IUU) practices. With this,

they propose to implement tracking systems and require FAD owners to limit their impacts

which “could substantially improve the effectiveness of tuna Regional Fisheries Management

Organizations (RFMOs)”. This article will help me branch into other things in illegal fishing,

with the RFMO and FAD, I had no idea. It will help broaden my understanding of IUU and what

steps are being taken to prevent or aid it.

“Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing Causes and Effects.” WWF, World Wildlife Fund,

www.worldwildlife.org/threats/illegal-fishing. Accessed 6 April 2023.

This article talks about how people should become more aware of catch-to-plate. This

means that those who regularly eat fish should know the ethics behind what they eat. Topics of

the causes of illegal fishing are discussed and how you can become informed about it. Species of

illegal fishing are mentioned, one of which is Tuna, as well as ecosystems that are impacted. The
 Justus 3

World Wildlife Fund has been around since the 1960s and has a wall of experts providing

information and actively going out into the field. This could help me Segway my research into

the impact on tuna.

Mohammad Mahmudul Islam, et al. “Social Considerations of Large River Sanctuaries: A Case Study

from the Hilsa Shad Fishery in Bangladesh.” Sustainability, no. 4, 2018, p. 1. EBSCOhost,

search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsrep&AN=edsrep.a.gam.jsusta.v10y2018i4

p1254.d142054&site=eds-live. Accessed 7 April 2023.

The impacts on the socioeconomic world are discussed in this article. The main topic is if

fishing sanctuaries have aided or hurt the fishing communities around them. They talk about how

these fishing sanctuaries have contributed to the illegal fishing market by banning fishermen

from fishing at certain times of the year. Banning them caused them to either find another means

of income, as some of them only relied on fishing, or they would still fish in protected areas.

They concluded that this change resulted in the low income of fishing households and caused an

uptick in the practice of illegal fishing. This could be used to provide information on how fishing

families and fishing sanctuaries’ can interact with each other, and provide an example of why

some turn to IUU fishing.

Petrossian, Gohar A. The Last Fish Swimming: The Global Crime of Illegal Fishing / Gohar A.

Petrossian. Jan. 2019, p. xvi. EBSCOhost,

search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=agr&AN=CAT31417399&site=ehost-live.

Accessed 7 April 2023.

This book broadly talks about the illegal fishing practices that affect the environment and

socioeconomics. The species of saltwater fish that they focus their research on is Tuna. They

conduct their research through 53 countries, and how each is impacted. They claim that 8% of
 Justus 4

the world’s population depends on commercial fishing, not only for their economy but most

people's diets. Through this book, they hope it will call upon the world to look at the effects of

illegal fishing and act against it. This connects with my research and will provide information on

the different places of illegal fishing. This could include how two countries differ from each

other when it comes to the fishing world.

Primyastanto, Mimit, et al. “Sustainable Operational Analysis of the Cultivation of Indonesian Thunnus

Albacares by Bioeconomic Approach.” Croatian Journal of Fisheries, vol. 79, no. 2, Jan. 2021,

pp. 61–70. EBSCOhost, doi-org.emporiastate.idm.oclc.org/10.2478/cjf-2021-0007. Accessed 8

April 2023.

The Yellow Fin Tuna is the topic of discussion in this article, a largely commercially

caught fish. They show us the harvesting methods of this fish in Indonesia have been harmful

and unethical. We can see this in their collection of data and mathematical solutions. Their

research conducted on the Indonesian coastlines shows how they could use eco-friendly ways of

catching Yellow Fin Tuna. They provide mountains of data and algebraic research for us and

provide keys for us to understand what research is being conducted. This article can give me

some insight into how yellowfin tuna is affected by illegal fishing.

Song, Andrew M., et al. “Collateral Damage? Small‐scale Fisheries in the Global Fight against IUU

Fishing.” Fish and Fisheries, vol. 21, no. 4 pp.831–843, Jan. 2020, pp. 831–43. EBSCOhost, doi-

org.emporiastate.idm.oclc.org/10.1111/faf.12462. Accessed 9 April 2023.

This paper goes over three ways that Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated fishing

sabotages small-scale fisheries. First is that IUU fishing “disregards the diversity, legitimacy,

and sustainability of small-scale fisheries practices and their governing systems”. Second, they

talk about how new ways to counter IUU fishing, perpetuate the inequalities in fishing zones that
 Justus 5

make an unfair advantage against small-scale fisheries. Third, IUU could make small-scale

fisheries a target for “organized crime”. They propose three strategies to help support small-scale

fisheries, these are making provisions for those who rely on fishing for food and income, taking

the differences of each country into account when targeting IUU, and instilling counter

mechanisms to battle IUU fishing. This will reiterate my understanding of small-scale fisheries

and how they affect illegal fishing and the communities in and surrounding it. My research will

go into more detail and perspectives on small-scale fisheries, it will provide me with new

avenues to travel down.

“Stop Illegal Fishing.” Seafoodwatch.org, www.seafoodwatch.org/seafood-basics/sustainable-

solutions/stop-illegal-fishing. Accessed 8 April 2023.

This website provides many resources for people looking for conservation information

and what issues impact the ocean. This article discusses illegal fishing and how to help put an

end to it. For example, they give their readers sustainable steps to take to help fight against

illegal fishing. They also explain to us what Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated fishing is, IUU

is all ways illegal fishing is conducted. They also explain to us the issues that they face while

trying to combat illegal fishing, these include that some countries aren’t signed onto the same

regulations, illegal and ethically caught fish are mixed, and fishing in open waters when no one

is watching. This information can help with the understanding of how illegal fishing goes

unnoticed in some places. It can also provide ways to combat IUU and its impacts.

Willette, Demian A., and Samantha H. Cheng. “Delivering on Seafood Traceability under the New U.S.

Import Monitoring Program.” Ambio, vol. 47, no. 1 pp.25–30, Jan. 2018, pp. 25–30. EBSCOhost,

doi-org.emporiastate.idm.oclc.org/10.1007/s13280-017-0936-4. Accessed 9 April 2023.

 Justus 6

In this paper they discuss the United States' role in the fishing industry, claiming that they

are the world’s largest fish importer. The import of illegally caught fish to the United States

makes up 25-30% of wild-caught seafood, which shows how big of a role they have in Illegal,

Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) fishing. They discuss two key components of the NOAAs

Seafood Import Monitoring Program that combats IUU fishing. First is how could they apply the

“best available and most appropriate technologies”. The Second is “building monitoring and

enforcement capacity among trading nations”. They hope that this paper could help enlighten the

potential of the Seafood Import Monitoring Program to everyone all over the world. This would

help my research not only talk about how illegal fishing affects the Eastern world but also the

Western world. It will narrow down North American laws and regulations which will make my

research more global.