Mechanical

Properties of
Materials
EXAMPLE 1. A tension test for a steel alloy results in the stress–strain diagram. Calculate
the modulus of elasticity and the yield strength based on a 0.2% offset. Identify on the
graph the ultimate stress and the fracture stress.
Modulus of Elasticity
𝝈 𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝒔𝒊
𝑬= = = 𝟑𝟏, 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝒔𝒊
𝝐 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟔
Yield strength
𝝈𝒚 = 𝟔𝟖 𝒌𝒔𝒊
Ultimate stress
𝝈𝒖 = 𝟏𝟎𝟖 𝒌𝒔𝒊
Fracture stress
𝝈𝒇 = 𝟗𝟎 𝒌𝒔𝒊
EXAMPLE 2. The stress–strain diagram for an aluminum alloy that is used for making
aircraft parts is shown. If a specimen of this material is stressed to 600 MPa, determine the
permanent set that remains in the specimen when the load is released. Also, find the
modulus of resilience both before and after the load application.
𝝐 𝑪𝑫 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟔
=
𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂 𝟒𝟓𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟔
𝝐 𝑪𝑫 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖
𝟒𝟓𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝝐 𝑶𝑪 = 𝝐 𝑶𝑫 − 𝝐 𝑪𝑫 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟑 − 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟓
Modulus of Resilience
𝟏 𝟏
𝒖𝒓𝒚 = 𝝈𝒚 𝝐𝒚 = (𝟒𝟓𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂)(𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟔)
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏𝑴𝑱 𝟏𝑴𝑵
𝒖𝒓𝒚 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂 𝒎𝟐 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟓 𝑴𝑱/𝒎𝟐
𝟏𝑴𝑵. 𝒎 𝟏𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝟏 𝟏
𝒖𝒓 = 𝝈 𝝐 = (𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂)(𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖) = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟎 𝑴𝑱/𝒎𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
 EXAMPLE 3. The aluminum rod, shown, has a circular cross section and is subjected to
an axial load of 10 kN. If a portion of the stress–strain diagram is shown , determine the
approximate elongation of the rod when the load is applied. Take E al = 70 GPa.
𝑭 𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝑵
𝝈𝑨𝑩 = = = 𝟑𝟏𝟖𝟑𝟏 𝒌𝑷𝒂 = 𝟑𝟏. 𝟖𝟑𝟏 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝑨 𝟏 𝝅 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐 𝒎 𝟐
𝟒
𝑭 𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝑵
𝝈𝑩𝑪 = = = 𝟓𝟔𝟓𝟖𝟖 𝒌𝑷𝒂 = 𝟓𝟔. 𝟓𝟖𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝑨 𝟏 𝝅 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟓 𝒎 𝟐
𝟒
𝝈 𝟑𝟏. 𝟖𝟑𝟏 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝝐𝑨𝑩 = = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟓𝟒
𝜹 𝑬 𝟕𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝝐= 𝝐𝑨𝑩 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟓𝟒, 𝝐𝑩𝑪 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟓
𝑳
𝜹 𝑨𝑩 = 𝝐𝑨𝑩 𝑳𝑨𝑩 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟓𝟒(𝟔𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎) = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟕 𝒎𝒎
𝜹 𝑩𝑪 = 𝝐𝑩𝑪 𝑳𝑩𝑪 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟓(𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎) = 𝟏𝟖 𝒎𝒎

𝜹 = 𝜹 𝑨𝑩 + 𝜹 𝑩𝑪 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟕 𝒎𝒎 + 𝟏𝟖 𝒎𝒎 = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟐𝟕 𝒎𝒎