Engineering Mechanics -I (Statics)

STRUCTURES

Dr. Hayat Muhammad Khan

Topics

 4/1 Introduction

 4/2 Plane Trusses

 4/3 Method of Joints

 4/4 Method of Sections

 4/5 Space Trusses

 4/6 Frames and Machines

Chapter Review
4/6 Frames and Machines
4/6 Frames and Machines
• All members of trusses are two-force
members
• In frames and machines, at least one
member is multi-force member
• Frames are fixed structures which are
designed to support applied loads
• Machines are structures having moving
parts and are designed to transmit input
forces to output forces
4/6 Frames and Machines
Analysis of Frames
• A free body diagram of the complete frame is
used to determine the external forces acting
on the frame
• Internal forces are determined by
dismembering the frame and creating FBD for
each component
• Forces on two force members have known
lines of action but unknown magnitude and
sense
• Forces on multi-force members have unknown
magnitude and line of action. They must be
represented with two unknown components
• Forces between connected components are
equal, have the same line of action, and
opposite sense
4/6 Frames and Machines
• Frames Which Cease To Be Rigid When Detached
From Their Supports
o Some frames may collapse if removed from
their supports. Such frames can not be
treated as rigid bodies
o An FBD of the complete frame indicates four
unknown force components
o The frame be considered as two distinct, but
related, rigid bodies
o With equal and opposite reactions at the
contact point between members, the two
free-body diagrams indicate 6 unknown force
components
o Equilibrium requirements for the two rigid
bodies yield 6 independent equations
4/6 Frames and Machines
Analysis of Machines
• Machines are structures designed to
transmit and modify forces. Their main
purpose is to transform input forces into
output forces.
• Given the magnitude of P, determine
the magnitude of Q.
• Create a free-body diagram of the
complete machine, including the
reaction that the wire exerts.
• The machine is a non-rigid structure.
Use one of the components as a free-
body.
• Taking moments about A,
a
 M A  0  aP  bQ Q P
b
4/6 Frames and Machines
Example of a Machine
4/6 Frames and Machines
4/6 Frames and Machines
Example of a Frame

Draw FBD of,

(a) Entire Frame with pulleys
(b) Frame without pulleys and chord
(c) Pulleys
4/6 Frames and Machines
FBD of entire Frame with pulleys
4/6 Frames and Machines
FBD of Frame without pulleys and chord Pulleys
4/6 Frames and Machines
Example
Members ACE and BCD are connected by a
pin at C and by the link DE. For the loading
shown, determine the force in link DE and
the components of the force exerted at C on
member BCD.

• Create a free-body diagram for the complete frame and solve for the
support reactions.
• Define a free-body diagram for member BCD. The force exerted by the
link DE has a known line of action but unknown magnitude. It is
determined by summing moments about C.
• With the force on the link DE known, the sum of forces in the x and y
directions may be used to find the force components at C.
• With member ACE as a free-body, check the solution by summing
moments about A.
4/6 Frames and Machines
4/6 Frames and Machines
4/6 Frames and Machines

SOLUTION:
Create a free-body diagram for the complete
frame and solve for the support reactions.

 Fy  0  Ay  480 N Ay  480 N 

 M A  0  480 N 100 mm   B160 mm 

B  300 N 

 Fx  0  B  Ax Ax  300 N 
Note:
  tan 1 150
80  28.07
4/6 Frames and Machines
Define a free-body diagram for
member BCD. The force exerted by
the link DE has a known line of action
but unknown magnitude. It is
determined by summing moments
about C.

 M C  0  FDE sin  250 mm   300 N 60 mm   480 N 100 mm 

FDE  561 N FDE  561 N C

Sum of forces in the x and y directions may be used to find the force
components at C.
 Fx  0  C x  FDE cos   300 N C x  795 N
0  C x   561 N  cos   300 N

 Fy  0  C y  FDE sin   480 N

C y  216 N
0  C y   561 N  sin   480 N
4/6 Frames and Machines

With member ACE as a free-body,

check the solution by summing
moments about A.

 M A  FDE cos  300 mm   FDE sin  100 mm   C x 220 mm 

  561cos  300 mm    561sin  100 mm    795220 mm   0
(Verified)