‫اﻟﺗﮭﺎب اﻟﻌظم‬

OSTEOMYELITIS
Direct infection of bone.
Causes: Bacterial most often
• Staphylococcus
• Salmonella .‫اﻟﻌدوى اﻟﻣﺑﺎﺷرة ﻟﻠﻌظﺎم‬
• Sickle Cell Disease ‫ ﺟرﺛوﻣﻲ ﻓﻲ أﻏﻠب اﻷﺣﯾﺎن‬:‫اﻷﺳﺑﺎب‬
• Tuberculosis ‫• اﻟﻣﻛورات اﻟﻌﻧﻘودﯾﺔ‬
• Spine first (Pott’s Disease) ‫• اﻟﺳﺎﻟﻣوﻧﯾﻼ‬
• Syphilis ‫• داء اﻟﻛرﯾﺎت اﻟﻣﻧﺟﻠﯾﺔ‬
• Affects the periosteum ‫• ﻣرض اﻟﺳل‬
MUSCULOSKELETAL (‫• اﻟﻌﻣود اﻟﻔﻘري أوﻻً )ﻣرض ﺑوت‬

DISEASE ‫• ﻣرض اﻟزھري‬

‫• ﯾؤﺛر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺳﻣﺣﺎق‬

OSTEOPOROSIS
‫ھﺷﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﻌظﺎم‬
OSTEOPOROSIS Manifestations:
1. Collapse of vertebral bodies
• Loss of bone mass 2. Kyphosis
• Cause: Secondary Calcium metabolism Common in women
3. Loss of height
• Treatment: Hormonal Replacement Therapy (HRT) 4. Hip fractures :‫اﻟﻣظﺎھر‬
‫ اﻧﮭﯾﺎر اﻷﺟﺳﺎم اﻟﻔﻘرﯾﺔ‬.1
‫ﻓﻘدان ﻛﺗﻠﺔ اﻟﻌظﺎم‬ Prevention: ‫ ﺣداب‬.2
‫ اﻟﺗﻣﺛﯾل اﻟﻐذاﺋﻲ اﻟﺛﺎﻧوي ﻟﻠﻛﺎﻟﺳﯾوم ﺷﺎﺋﻊ ﻋﻧد اﻟﻧﺳﺎء‬:‫اﻟﺳﺑب‬ ‫ ﻓﻘدان اﻟطول‬.3
• Physical activity
(HRT) ‫ اﻟﻌﻼج ﺑﺎﻟﮭرﻣوﻧﺎت اﻟﺑدﯾﻠﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻌﻼج‬ ‫ ﻛﺳور اﻟورك‬.4
:‫وﻗﺎﯾﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻧﺷﺎط اﻟﺑدﻧﻲ‬
 ARTHRITIS
VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY § Inflammation of the joints
Rickets • affects the articular surface
• Affects developing bone and/or joint capsule.
Causes: ‫اﻟﺗﮭﺎب اﻟﻣﻔﺎﺻل‬
• Mostly in children ‫ﻛﺳﺎح اﻻطﻔﺎل‬
• Cause: Can’t convert cartilage 1. Infections: GC .‫ أو ﻛﺑﺳوﻟﺔ اﻟﻣﻔﺻل‬/ ‫ﯾؤﺛر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺳطﺢ اﻟﻣﻔﺻﻠﻲ و‬
‫• ﯾؤﺛر ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻣو اﻟﻌظﺎم‬
(Neisseria gonorrhea), :‫اﻷﺳﺑﺎب‬
model to bone
‫• ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﺎﻟب ﻋﻧد اﻷطﻔﺎل‬ Lyme disease & others
• Permanent deformity ‫ ﻣرض ﻻﯾم وﻏﯾرھﺎ‬، ‫ اﻟﻧﯾﺳرﯾﺔ اﻟﺳﯾﻼﻧﯾﺔ‬:‫اﻻﻟﺗﮭﺎﺑﺎت‬-1
‫ ﻻ ﯾﻣﻛن ﺗﺣوﯾل ﺷﻛل اﻟﻐﺿروف إﻟﻰ ﻋظم‬:‫• اﻟﺳﺑب‬ 2. Immune mediated:
‫ اﻟﺣﻣﻰ اﻟروﻣﺎﺗﯾزﻣﯾﺔ اﻟﺛﺎﻧوﯾﺔ ﻣن‬:‫ﺑوﺳﺎطﺔ اﻟﻣﻧﺎﻋﺔ‬-2
Osteomalacia ‫• ﺗﺷوه داﺋم‬ rheumatic fever secondary
from Streptococcal trigger ‫اﻟزﻧﺎد اﻟﻌﻘدﯾﺔ‬
• Mostly in adults ‫ﺗﻠﯾن اﻟﻌظﺎم‬
§ Autoimmune: rheumatoid ‫ اﻟﺗﮭﺎب اﻟﻣﻔﺎﺻل اﻟروﻣﺎﺗوﯾدي‬:‫• اﻟﻣﻧﺎﻋﺔ اﻟذاﺗﯾﺔ‬
• Cause: Absent bone remodeling ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﺎﻟب ﻋﻧد اﻟﺑﺎﻟﻐﯾن‬ arthritis
‫ اﻟﺗﮭﺎب اﻟﻣﻔﺻل اﻟﺗﻧﻛﺳﻲ‬: ‫• ارﺗداء أو ﻣﺳﯾل ﻟﻠدﻣوع‬
• Softening of bone ‫ ﻋدم إﻋﺎدة ﺗﺷﻛﯾل اﻟﻌظﺎم‬:‫اﻟﺳﺑب‬ § Wear and Tear: osteoarthritis
‫ اﻟﻧﻘرس‬:‫• اﻟﺗﮭﺎب اﻟﻣﻔﺎﺻل اﻟﺑﻠوري‬
‫ﺗﻠﯾﯾن اﻟﻌظﺎم‬ § Crystal arthritis: gout

‫ﺿﻣور ﻋﺿﻠﻲ دوﺷﯾﻧﻲ‬

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
§ Genetically susceptible Caused by a mutation in the dystrophin gene,

• largest gene located on the human X

§ Autoimmune destruction
chromosome
• Rheumatoid factor
‫• ﺣﺳﺎﺳﺔ وراﺛﯾﺎ‬ • codes for the protein dystrophin
• Citrullinated peptide antibodies
• structural component within muscle tissue
§ Loss of articular cartilage ‫• ﺗدﻣﯾر اﻟﻣﻧﺎﻋﺔ اﻟذاﺗﯾﺔ‬ that provides structural stability
، ‫ﺑﺳﺑب طﻔرة ﻓﻲ ﺟﯾن دﯾﺳﺗروﻓﯾن‬
‫• ﻋﺎﻣل اﻟروﻣﺎﺗوﯾد‬
§ Joint fusion ‫اﻟﺑﺷري‬X ‫أﻛﺑر ﺟﯾن ﻣوﺟود ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛروﻣوﺳوم‬
‫• اﻷﺟﺳﺎم اﻟﻣﺿﺎدة اﻟﺑﺑﺗﯾدﯾﺔ اﻟﺳﯾﺗروﻟﯾﻧﯾﺔ‬
‫• ﻓﻘدان اﻟﻐﺿروف اﻟﻣﻔﺻﻠﻲ‬ ‫رﻣوز اﻟﺑروﺗﯾن دﯾﺳﺗروﻓﯾن‬
‫• اﻧدﻣﺎج اﻟﻣﻔﺻل‬
‫ﻣﻛون ھﯾﻛﻠﻲ داﺧل اﻷﻧﺳﺟﺔ اﻟﻌﺿﻠﯾﺔ ﯾوﻓر اﻻﺳﺗﻘرار اﻟﮭﯾﻛﻠﻲ‬
 DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
• By age 10, braces may be required to aid in walking but most patients are
wheelchair dependent by age 12
• Eventually leads to paralysis.

• Intellectual impairment may or may not be present but if present, does not
progressively worsen as the child ages.

• The average life expectancy for individuals afflicted with DMD is around 25

‫ ﻗد ﺗﻛون ھﻧﺎك ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﻠداﻋﻣﺎت ﻟﻠﻣﺳﺎﻋدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺷﻲ وﻟﻛن ﻣﻌظم اﻟﻣرﺿﻰ ﯾﻌﺗﻣدون ﻋﻠﻰ‬، ‫• ﺑﺣﻠول ﺳن اﻟﻌﺎﺷرة‬
‫ ﻋﺎًﻣﺎ‬12 ‫ﻛرﺳﻲ ﻣﺗﺣرك ﻓﻲ ﺳن‬
.‫• ﯾؤدي ﻓﻲ اﻟﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺷﻠل‬
‫ ﻓﻼ ﯾﺗﻔﺎﻗم ﺑﺷﻛل ﺗدرﯾﺟﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻘدم‬، ‫• ﻗد ﯾﻛون اﻟﺿﻌف اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻲ ﻣوﺟودًا وﻗد ﻻ ﯾﻛون ﻣوﺟودًا وﻟﻛن إذا ﻛﺎن ﻣوﺟودًا‬
.‫اﻟطﻔل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻣر‬
‫ ﻋﺎًﻣﺎ‬25 ‫• ﯾﺑﻠﻎ ﻣﺗوﺳط اﻟﻌﻣر اﻟﻣﺗوﻗﻊ ﻟﻸﻓراد اﻟﻣﺻﺎﺑﯾن ﺑﺿﻣور اﻟﻌﺿﻼت ﺣواﻟﻲ‬

Translated by Az

.‫واﻧﺗﮭﻰ ﺳﻣﺳﺗر ﻛوروﻧﺎ‬

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