1.

DEFINE GOOD FAITH

Section 52 of the Indian Penal Code defines good faith. Without due care and attention, nothing is said
to be done or believed to be done in good faith. The expression ‘with due care and attention’ is only
used in this Section and not defined anywhere else.

Essentials

 Logic and a reason;

 A good intention with;

 Due or reasonable care; and

 With expertise or a skill.

Are the key points for determining the act done.

Illustration

‘C’, a surgeon, knows that a particular operation may result in the death of ‘W’ who is suffering from
throat cancer, but there is no intention to cause his death and he does performs the operation in good
faith and for W’s benefit that too with his consent. Here ‘C’ has committed no offence.

2. DEFINE MAN AND WOMEN

Section 10 of Indian Penal Code 1860 The word "man" denotes a male human being
of any age; the word "woman" denotes a female human being of any age.

3. WHAT IS SOLITARY CONFINEMENT

Solitary confinement is a kind of confinement inside which a prisoner is separated
from any human contact, as a general rule aside from people from detaining pros, for
22-24 hours step by step, with a sentence starting from days to decades.

4. STATE ANY TWO INGREDIENTS OF THE OFFENCE OF GIVING FALSE EVIDENCE.

Section 191 of the Indian Penal Code explains that giving false evidence means a
person bound by oath or express provision of law, to tell the truth, makes a false
statement or a statement that he doesn’t believe to be true or believes to be false.

Essential Ingredients of False Evidence

False evidence made by a person who is:
1. Bound by oath, or 
2. By an express provision of law, or 
3. A declaration which a person is bound by law to make on any subject, and 
4. Which statement or declaration is false and which he either knows or believes to be
false or does not believe to be true.
 5. DEFINE CULPABLE HOMICIDE.
An act done with the intention of causing death or causing such bodily injury which is
likely to cause death or having the knowledge that he can likely by his act cause
death, he’ll be committing the offense of culpable homicide.

6. STATE KINDS OF HURTS DESIGNATED TO GRIEVOUS HURT.

1. Emasculation,
2. Permanent injury to eyesight or either of the eye,
3. Permanent deafness or injury to either of the eye,
4. Privation of any member or joint (loss of limb),
5. Impairing of Limb,
6. Permanent disfiguration of the head or face,
7. Fracture or dislocation of a bone or tooth,
8. Any hurt which risks life or which causes the victim to be during the time of twenty
days in severe bodily pain, or unable to follow his ordinary pursuits.

7. STATE CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF THE CHILD BETWEEN AGE OF 7 AND 12 YEARS UNDER IPC
?

8. STATE THE INGREDIENTS OF OFFENCE OF ASSULT

Assault is generally defined as an intentional act that puts another person in reasonable

apprehension of imminent harmful or offensive contact. No physical injury is required,
but the actor must have intended to cause a harmful or offensive contact with the victim
and the victim must have thereby been put in immediate apprehension of such a contact.

Ingredients
1. intent,

2. apprehension of a harmful contact, and

3. causation.

9. STATE THE DIFFENENCE BETWEEN KIDNAPPING AND ABDUCTION

Grounds of
Kidnapping Abduction
differentiation

Section Section 359 defines the offence of Section 362 defines the
 kidnapping.
Kidnapping refers to taking away a
minor or person of unsound mind
Meaning from its legal guardianship or
taking away any person beyond
the limits of India.
It is not a continuing offence. It is
Nature of completed soon at the moment a
offence person is separated from lawful
guardianship.
Section 359 defines two types of
kidnapping:
1. Kidnapping from India
Types
(Section 360)
2. Kidnapping from lawful
guardianship (Section 361)
It involves minors, i.e., girls upto
the age of 18 years or boys upto
Parties
the age of 16 years, or persons of
referred
unsound mind and a lawful
guardian. 
Means used Means used are immaterial.
In the case of “kidnapping from
lawful guardianship”, the consent
of a lawful guardian is relevant to
decide the commission of the
Nature of offence. But in the case of
consent “kidnapping from India”, it must
be shown that it was done without
the consent of the person or the
person legally authorised to give
consent on that person’s behalf.
Intention Intention of the person kidnapping Intention to commit an
offence of abduction.
Abduction refers to
compelling or inducing
any person by using
force or through any
deceitful means, to take
him/her from one place
to another.
It is a continuing offence.
It continues till the
person is removed from
one place to another.
Section 362 defines only
one type of abduction.
It can take place in
reference to a person of
any age. 
Force, compulsion or
deceitful means should
be involved.
The consent of the
person is induced by
force or compulsion or
means of deceit.
 is immaterial. offence is essential.

It is a substantive offence. It
Type of
means merely the act of taking
offence
away constitutes kidnapping.
It is not a substantive
offence. It constitutes an
offence when it was
done with the intention
to commit other
offences.

Mere abduction is not

Section 363 prescribes punishment punishable unless done
for kidnapping which is with intent to commit
Punishment
imprisonment that may extend to other offences as
7 years and a fine. provided in
Sections 364 to 369.

A induces B by force to
A takes away B, a girl of 16 years
go from one place to
of age, out of her lawful
another place in order to
Illustration guardianship without the consent
compel her for marriage.
of the guardians. A has committed
A has committed
kidnapping.
abduction.

10. DEFINE CRIMINAL INTIMIDATION

The Criminal intimidation means giving threat with an intention to cause any injury to any person or his
reputation or property .

Essentials of criminal intimidation

 to cause injury to a person;

 to cause injury to his reputation;

 to cause injury to his property; 

 to cause injury to another person or the reputation of anybody in whom the victim is interested.

11. DEFINE THEFT

Section 378 of the IPC defines theft as, “Whoever, intending to take dishonestly any movable property
out of the possession of any person without that person’s consent, moves that property to such taking,
is said to commit theft”.

The essential requirements of theft are as follow:

 1. Dishonest intention to take property

2. The property must be movable

3. The property should be taken out of the possession of another person

4. The property should be taken without the consent of that person

5. There must be some moving of the property in order to accomplish the taking of it .

12. DEFINE MURDER

Section 299 of the Indian Penal Code defines murder as an act of injury caused by a person to kill
another person or to cause such bodily injury which in turn causes the death of such person or
voluntarily commits an act which causes death.

Required materials for murder include:

 Intention: Must be intended to cause death

 Cause of Death: The act has to be done with the knowledge that the act may cause the death of
another.

 Bodily injury: There must be intent to cause such bodily injury as is likely to cause death.

Example: A shoots B with the intention of killing him. As a result, B dies, the murder is committed by A.
D intentionally gives C a sword-cut, which in the ordinary course of nature is the cause of death of
anyone. As a result, C dies. Here, D is guilty of murder, although he was not the cause of C's death.

13 . WHO IS A ABETTOR

To understand ‘Abetment’, we must first understand the meaning of the term “abet”. The
literal meaning of the term ‘abet’ is ‘to encourage or assist someone to do something
wrong, especially in committing a crime’.

The abettor, as defined under Section 108 of IPC, is the person who abets in the: 
1. Commission of an offence.
2. Commission of such an offence if done by a person not suffering from any mental or
physical incapacity.

14 . DEFINE DACOITY

 Section 391 of the Indian Penal Code defines dacoity. It says that when 5 or more than 5
conjointly commit or attempt to commit a robbery, it is dacoity.
 A,B,C,D,E if commit robbery it will be called dacoity
 Gang Robbery = Dacoity
  Attempt and aiding in dacoity is also offence of dacoity (same punishment as
dacoity) Here attempt or aiding or abetment will also be punishable under Section
391 only. Section 511 won’t apply here

Essential Ingredients

 In order to commit dacoity, there are 3 essentials which must be there. These
essentials are:
 There should be at least five or more than five persons;
 They should conjointly commit or attempt to commit dacoity;
 They should have dishonest intention.

15. WHAT IS SEDITION

According to IPC Section 124 A, “Whoever brings or attempts to bring into hatred or
contempt, or excites or attempts to excite disaffection towards the Government established
by law in India shall be punished. According to Section 124A, sedition carries one of the
following penalties:

 Prison for up to three years

 A life sentence in prison
 A life sentence in prison and a fine
 Up to three years in jail and a fine
 Just fine

The following bullet points list the main elements of sedition:

 Words, whether spoken or written, signs, a visual depiction, or any other such act,
must exist.
 An act of this nature should inspire or attempt to inspire anger, contempt, or
disaffection;
 Such hatred, scorn, or disapproval must be directed at any legal government in
India; and
 It must have caused public unrest or the encouragement of violence.

16. WHAT IS CRIMINAL TRESPASS?

According to Section 441 of The Indian Penal Code, whoever enters into property in
the possession of another with the intent to commit an offence or to intimidate, insult
or annoy any person in possession of such property, or having lawfully entered into
 such property, but remains there with intent thereby to intimidate, insult or any such
person, or with an intent to commit an offence, is said to commit ‘criminal trespass’.

Ingredients of Criminal Trespass

- Whoever enters’
- Property
- Possession of another
- Intention

(solved situations) https://www.studyiq.com/articles/important-tricky-questions-on-ipc-indian-

penal-code-part-3-judiciary-exam-free-pdf/

17. WHAT IS EXTORTION

Section 383 of the indian penal code states that if a person intentionally puts another person in a
position of fear or of threat to cause him injury, or deceitfully persuade him so that he may deliver
the property or any other valuable goods to another person or any document which has been
signed and can be turned in a valuable security. Punishment regarding extortion is enshrined under
section Section 384 of the Indian penal code.
Illustration
If A who kidnapped B’s child Z, demands a sum of 10,00,000 Rs. from B. all the efforts made by B in
order to know whereabouts of his child turned out to be futile. B with all the failed attempts pay the
prescribed amount to A. A has committed the offence of extortion.

18. DEFINE MISTAKE OF FACT

Under section 76 of Indian Penal Code, the maxim ‘ignorantia facti doth excusat ignorantia juris
non-excusat’ it means, a person has done an act which by law is an offence, under a misconception
of facts, leading him to believe in good faith that he was commanded by the law.
Illustration
A, a police officer gets information that G is a gangster and running business of drugs. A went to
arrest G but arrests B believing that he is G. Here A is acting under the command of the law and can
take the defence of mistake of fact.

19. WHAT IS HARBOURING

IPC Section 52A states that - the term "Harbour" means helping the person by providing shelter,
food, money, drink, arms, ammunition, or assisting the person by any means. Except, IPC Sections
130 & 157 in which the harbor is given by the wife or husband of the aggrieved person.
20. STATE WHEN THE RIGHT OF PRIVATE DEFENCE OF BODY COMMENCES AND HOW LONG
IT CONTINUES
The right of private defence of the body commences as soon as a reasonable apprehension of
danger to the body arises from an attempt or threat to commit the offence though the offence may
not have been committed; and it continues as long as such apprehension of danger to the body
continues.
21. STATE TWO INGREDIENTS OF DOWERY DEATH

Section 304B of the Indian Penal Code states that if a woman dies within seven years of marriage by
any burns or bodily injury or it was revealed that before her marriage she was exposed to cruelty or
harassment by her husband or any other relative of the husband in connection to demand dowry
then the death of the woman will be considered as a dowry death.
Essential Ingredients
 Death should be caused by burns or bodily injury or by any other circumstances.
 Death must occur within the seven years of marriage.
 It must be revealed that soon before her marriage she was exposed to cruelty or
harassment by her husband or any other relative.
 The cruelty or harassment on her should be in connection with the demand for dowry.

22. STATE ANY TWO INGREDIENTS /OBJECTS OF AN UNLAWFUL ASSEMBLY

The term ‘Unlawful Assembly’ has been defined under section 141 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860
as an assembly of five or more persons having a common object to perform an omission or offence.
 There must be an assembly of five persons.
 The assembly must have a common object and
 The common object must be to commit one of the five illegal objects specified in the section.

23. WHAT IS FORGERY?

Forgery is defined under Section 463 of Indian Penal Code, Whosoever makes any
fake document or incorrect electronic record or part of a document with an intention
to cause damage or injury, to the public or to any person, or to support any claim or
title, or to cause any person to share with property, or to enter into any express or
implied contract, or with purpose to commit fraud or that fraud may be
accomplished, commits forgery.

24. EXPLAIN WHO IS PUBLIC SERVANT?

Public servants are defined in section 21 of the IPC as:-
 Any Commissioned Officer in the Armed Forces.
 Any judge who, individually or through the body of members, is empowered to discharge
adjudicatory functions.
 The officers of the court are responsible for investigating and reporting on matters of law,
for authenticating information or for providing relevant details, and for any such duty that
the court has on its officials.
 All jury members, members of the panchayat, evaluators who assist the court of justice.
 Any arbitrator to whom the matter is referred by a court of law for judgment.
 Those who are empowered to put people in confinement.
 Officers who are responsible for the prevention of offences, for providing information on
offences, for bringing criminals to justice.
 Officers in charge of the government are holding of property as part of their duty to conduct
surveys, assessments, or investigations and to report on the government’s pecuniary
interests.


25. STATE THE OFFENCES RELATING TO MARRIAGES.

This particular deals with various offence (s) of marriage from section 493 to
section 498 IPC

a) MOCK MARRIAGE ( sections : 493 and section 496 )

b) BIGAMY (sections: 494 and section 496)
c) ADULTERY (section 497)
d) CRIMINAL ELOPMENT (section 498)