FLOW CHART ON SCIENTIFIC BREAKTHROUGHS
Scientist Traditional Belief Before
Scientific Revolution
William Harvey Food is turned into blood
(1578-1657) in the heart. Arteries and
veins are empty and serve
as air tubes.
Nicolaus The earth was the center
Copernicus (1473 - of the universe. It stays
1543) fixed in a permanent
place, with the sun and
planets revolving around
it.
Andreas Vesalius It is a sin to dissect
(1514 - 1564) human bodies.
Galileo Galilei (1564 Celestial bodies (the
- 1652) moon, planets, and stars)
are perfect spheres made
of ether (a type of gas)
Scientist’s Daring Idea Scientist’s Reaction from Lasting Impact
Observations Community
The same blood is Observed that a bound Many physicians His research is
constantly recycled artery would fill with were unwilling to considered the
through the heart. blood in the section accept the idea that origin (starting
Arteries and veins carry nearer the heart, while human blood is point) of modern
blood to and from the the portion away from constantly being science of
heart, which acts like a the heart would empty recirculated physiology (the
pump. through a closed study of how the
system of arteries body functions)
and veins.
The earth and other Spent years mapping His ideas were His theory
planets revolve around locations of the planets rejected by most provided the
the sun using complex people, may whom foundation for
mathematical claimed that it the modern
calculations. would take more science of
than mathematics astronomy (The
to explain how the study of the
planets move. planets).
It is necessary to dissect Dissected large His ideas were His work proved
the dead bodies of numbers of human accepted by many, wrong many
humans, not those of bodies and made but he wrote a ancient ideas
animals to completely precise sketches of book to defend his about human
understand human what he saw. ideas against a few anatomy and
anatomy. powerful critics helped begin the
modern sciences
of anatomy and
physiology.
Only through precise Used personally built Church officials Invention of the
observation can one telescope and refused to accept telescope led to
determine celestial observed that the moon his claims. Some a series of
bodies are made of. is not smooth, but has claimed that what important
 numerous craters and appeared in the astronomical
high mountains. lens of the discoveries:
telescope were Jupiter has
optical illusions moons, the sun
has large spots,
ad visual prof
that earth
revolves around
the sun.

Isaac Newton (1642 Spirits and divinities The same force that Used complex His ideas were His theories
- 1727) control the movement of pulls an object to earth - mathematics to accepted by most (ideas) created
the planets Like an apple falling to demonstrate that two scientists, and he the foundation
the round – Keeps the objects in the universe was praised by for many
moon and planets in pull toward each other. England’s queen. scientific fields,
orbit around the sun including
astronomy,
engineering, and
physics.