Electronic Devices

& Circuits
(EE-203)
Project
TOPIC: Simulation of Bio Amplifier Based On INA 126

FINAL REPORT

SUBMITTED BY:
Sanyam Jain
2K19/EE/219
 Contents

1. Introduction

2. Theory

3. Components

4. Circuit Diagram

5. Simulation and results

6. Conclusion

7. References
Introduction
Electrical bio signals, or bioelectrical time signals, usually refers to the
change in electric current produced by the sum of an electrical
potential difference across a specialized tissue, organ or cell system like
the nervous system. Thus, among the best-known bioelectrical signals
are EEG,ECG,EMG which are measured with a differential
amplifier which registers the difference between two electrodes
attached to the skin .The Bio-Amplifier is used to measure and compare
the low amplitude electrical signals generated by muscles which are of
order 50μV to 5mV and their frequency ranges from 2Hz to 500Hz.The
Bio-Amplifier Used/Simulated here is a two stage amplifier. The first
stage is an instrumentation amplifier and the second stage is a standard
non-inverting OP-amp. Between the first and second stage is a high-
pass filter which removes any DC generated by the electrodes. For that
reason the gain of the instrumentation amplifier is kept low not to be
driven into saturation. The high-pass filter usually has a cutoff
frequency in the region of 1 - 0.1Hz depending on the signals measured.
Theory
A Bio Signal is any signal in living beings that can be
continually measured and monitored. The term bio signal is often used
to refer to bioelectrical signals, but it may refer to both electrical and
non-electrical signals. The usual understanding is to refer only to time-
varying signals. When we try to move any part of our body the brain
send an electrical signal through network of nerves to the muscle group
and then the muscles respond to that signal. In human body there are
some specific sites where the nerves carrying the electric signal is
placed close to the skin and the can be recorded but their magnitude is
too low therefore it needs to be amplified that is why we use bio
amplifiers. Some of the best-known bioelectrical signals are:

 Electroencephalogram (EEG)

 Electrocardiogram (ECG)

 Electromyogram (EMG)

EEG, ECG, EOG and EMG are measured with a differential

amplifier which registers the difference between two electrodes
attached to the skin. However, the galvanic skin response
measures electrical resistance and the MEG measures the magnetic
field induced by electrical currents (electroencephalogram) of the
brain.
Components Required

Qty Value Parts

4 1N4007 D1, D2, D3, D4

1 1K R2

1 1M R9

1 4.7uF C1

1 100K R1

2 100ohm R3, R4

5 100nF C2, C3, C4, C5, C6

1 INA126 IC4

1 TL071 IC1

Here INA126 used is an Instrumentation

Amplifier An instrumentation (or
instrumentational) amplifier (In-Amp
/InAmp) is a type of differential amplifier
that has been outfitted with input buffer
amplifiers, which eliminate the need for
input impedance matching and thus
make the amplifier particularly suitable for use in measurement and
test equipment. Additional characteristics include very low DC offset,
low drift, low noise, very high open-loop gain and very high input
impedances. Instrumentation amplifiers are used where great accuracy
and stability of the circuit both short and long-term are required.
TL071 used is a Low-Noise JFET-Input General-Purpose Operational
Amplifier

Here we have used general purpose diodes 1N4007

Circuit Diagram
Simulation in Pspice
Output

Here the plot in Green is representing the amplified signal received as

an output from the Bio amplifier and plot in Red is representing the
unamplified (source) signal that is given as input to the circuit.

The received signal has a magnitude of 1.803V and the input signal has
magnitude of 17.85mV
Signal Input
In this part we try to run the simulation on the constructed part of the
Bio Signal Amplifier, by introducing various sample signals from the
Feature in Pspice library knowns as V-PWL(Piecewise Linear Voltage
Source Model).In this we input out sample Bio signal in the form of
voltages against time separated by the tab

And the we run our transient analysis Given sample as an input in the
system.
EMG Signal Input

Figure 1:Input Signal

Figure 2:Amplified signal with removed Noise

EEG Signal Input

Figure 3:EEG Signal

Figure 4:Amplified signal with removed Noise

ECG Signal Input

Figure 5:Input Signal

Figure 6:Output Signal

Conclusion
Amplifier gain is simply the ratio of the output divided-by the input.
Gain has no units as its a ratio, but in Electronics it is commonly given
the symbol “A”, for Amplification. Then the gain of an amplifier is
simply calculated as the “output signal divided by the input signal”.

Output signal Magnitude=1.803V

Input signal Magnitude=17.85mV=0.01785V

The Amplification Received Here is=101.0084

This Amplifier circuit work But more improvements can be made and
filters can be added to further reduce the noise.
References
 Kumar, B. and Jain, S., n.d. Electronic Devices And Circuits.
 SEDRA AND SMITH, Microelectronic circuits
 Hayes, T. and Horowitz, P., 2010. Student Manual For The Art Of
Electronics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
 Biosignals.berndporr.me.uk. 2020. Biosignals. [online] Available
at: <https://biosignals.berndporr.me.uk/> [Accessed 29
November 2020].
 E. M. Spinelli, N. Martinez, M. A. Mayosky and R. Pallas-Areny, "A
novel fully differential biopotential amplifier with DC
suppression," in IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol.
51, no. 8, pp. 1444-1448, Aug. 2004, doi:
10.1109/TBME.2004.827931.