Chapter 9 Mattie Martinez

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I. Chapter 9 – Motivation and Emotion

Topic: 9.1 Defining Motivation

Concept: Define motivation, and distinguish between intrinsic motivation and

extrinsic motivation. (pg. 348)

Motivation is the driving force behind human actions, and causes you to behave in a
way that gets you closer to your goals. It is the biological, emotional, social,
and cognitive forces that activate human behavior.

The two main types of motivation are extrinsic (arise from outside of the individual
and often involve external rewards; trophies, money, praise) or intrinsic (arise from
within the individual; doing a complicated crossword puzzle purely for the
gratification of solving a problem).

Question: How do different leadership styles impact employee motivation?

Example: As a server, I was motivated to give my customers great service no matter

how slow/busy it was; great service usually led to great tips (extrinsic motivation).

II. Chapter 9 – Motivation and Emotion

Topic: 9.6 Physiological and Social Components of Hunger

Concept: Hormonal Influences (pg. 359)

The reaction we have at the onset of eating is one component in hunger. The pancreas
secretes two hormones, insulin (which decreases) and glucagon (which increases), to
regulate the body's levels of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates; including glucose
(blood sugar). After eating has begun, insulin is released in larger quantities, this
 causes a drop in blood sugar levels; which makes you feel hungrier. More insulin is
released when glucose levels are high, which causes blood sugar levels to drop;
increasing appetite and the propensity to overeat.

Another hormone involved in regulating appetite is leptin. It tells the hypothalamus

that the body is full/enough food has been consumed. Leptin resistance and genetic
anomalies in leptin receptors could both contribute to obesity.

Question: How do the hormonal changes that happen during menopause effect
appetite?

Example: I have diabetes and need to monitor my blood sugar and insulin intake,
several times daily. My pancreas does not release enough insulin to regulate my
glucose levels, creating highs and lows that I have to control with medication,
exercise, and food choices.

III. Chapter 9 – Motivation and Emotion

Topic: 9.9 Early Theories of Emotion

Concept: The Facial Feedback Hypothesis: Smile, You’ll Feel Better (pg. 371)

According to the facial response Hypotheses, the response of our own face muscles
might elicit or increase our emotional experiences. According to versions of the facial
feedback theory, the role of facial expressions in affecting a person's emotional
response varies. Further studies indicated that the emergence of emotional states is
not dependent on facial feedback. Despite the inescapable lack of facial expression
for those with facial paralysis, studies comparing the emotional experiences of people
with facial paralysis to those in the control group have revealed no discernible
difference in these emotional experiences..

Question: How does mental illness effect facial feedback; schizophrenia, bipolar
disorder, etc?

Example: When I was employed by Alaska Airlines, I used to handle phone

reservations. Keep a mirror at your workspace, the instructors advised us during
training.  When talking to customers on the phone, we were expected to sound joyful
and upbeat, so we would glance in the mirror while we spoke. This enabled us to
match our voices to our facial expressions.