Submitted to: Ma’am Hina Masood

Submitted by: Aatqa Aftab

Ayesha Tahir

Registration no: F20-BBA-100

F20-BBA-101

Section: C

Semester: 5

Program: BBAH

Course Title: Psychology

Final Project: Interview Project

Introduction:

Erikson's theory postulates that people advance through the stages of development based on how
they adjust to social crises throughout their lives. These social crises instruct how individuals
react to the surrounding world. Adolescents must develop a sense of who they are, develop an
identity for themselves, and find a social environment where they can belong and create
meaningful relationships with other people. According to Erikson’s theory, older people develop
a sense of wisdom by renewing earlier stages of development and achievement that they made
throughout life.

Demographics of both interviewers:

Demographics Adolescents Old age

Name M. Usman M. Arshad

Mehmood

Age 16 55

Gender Male Male

Education Matric(currently) FA

Marital Status Unmarried Married

No. of children None None

Methodology:
The qualitative method is used in this interview, through structured and unstructured questions
and open-ended questions were asked. Qualitative methodology is used to understand people’s
perceptions about an event that took place.

Link of the interview:

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1agJWuxT3cVSoEwwGpwWcb8ktT8JlZ2bj/view?usp=drivesdk

Interview 1: Interview 2:

1. How we easily convince them?

Old age Adolescence

When we ask him for the interview, he was On the other side, when we ask adolescence
confused, shy, and not willing to do the video he became excited and ready for giving an
of the interview but we told him the situation interview. He was confident.
then he was ready for giving a short
interview.

2. Favorite Childhood Memory

Old age Adolescence

He has a good memory. According to As he is still young, and enjoying his

him, his childhood was very special and childhood but according to him his special
close to him. He enjoyed it a lot. He had a moment was when he went on an
good time in his childhood. international trip to Dubai. This trip is
very close to him.

3. Fun activity:

Old age Adolescence

His fun activity was when he used to play He loves dancing so his favorite activity is
 with friends, from a young age he want to dancing and using social media.
become an electrical engineer so he did, so
many experiments with switchboards, etc.

4. New Inventions:

Old age Adolescence

As he is 55 years old, so he saw many He is from this age, he only mentions some
inventions at his age, the advanced use of useful apps, etc.
mobile, etc.

5. New Technology:

Old age Adolescence

Automatic machines, different types of Advance and new series of Mac book,
cars, bikes, and many more. As he used to mobile phones and watch, etc.
go to school walking.

6. Effects of technology:

Old age Adolescence

According to him, technology gives a According to him, this thing creates a

negative effect as compared to a positive positive effect on people because
effect, because nowadays people spend nowadays children are more intelligent
more time on phones than with the family. and confident.
It keeps everyone connected but
gatherings become shorter and shorter.
 7. Satisfied with the present:

Old age Adolescence

He is fully satisfied with his presence He wants to achieve so many things

because he achieved what he wants. He is because he is at the age of dreams.
satisfied with his work and also he is
helping others as well.

8. Person as a Hero:

Old age Adolescence

According to him, Imran khan is a hero. He considers himself a hero.

9. Difficult Time:

Old age Adolescence

When he lost his parents that was the most When he saw his final result of the ninth
difficult time in his life. That was class. He was expecting more than it came
unexpected event in his life and as well so it was his difficult time.
difficult.

Conclusion of the interviews:

As you see from the replies that the person from old age person is experienced and gives us
detailed and reality-based answers but on the other side, the person from adolescence has no
experience of life he is still surviving his life in a dream, and he considers himself as a hero. In
his age group, he knows about the social group and also the difference between success and
failure which result from identity and role confusion. He is only handling his own life but on the
other side middle, adulthood works hard for his family and surviving life and depending on the
family members.

Erikson’s theory of psychological development:

Erikson's theory centered on psychosocial development. Erikson's theory described the impact of
social experience across the whole lifespan. Erikson was interested in how social interaction and
relationships played a role in the development and growth of human beings. It has 8 stages.

Conflicts during each stage:

In each stage, Erikson believed people experience a conflict that serves as a turning point in
development. If people successfully deal with the conflict, they emerge from the stage with
psychological strengths that will serve them well for the rest of their lives. If they fail to deal
effectively with these conflicts, they may not develop the essential skills needed for a strong
sense of self.

Stage 1. Trust vs. Mistrust

The first stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development occurs between birth and 1 year
of age and is the most fundamental stage in life. An infant is utterly dependent, and developing
trust is based on the dependability and quality of the child's caregivers. If a caregiver fails to
provide adequate care and love, the child will come to feel that they cannot trust or depend upon
the adults in their life.

Stage 2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

The second stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development takes place during early
childhood and is focused on children developing a greater sense of personal control. Children
who struggle and who are shamed for their accidents may be left without a sense of personal
control. Success during this stage of psychosocial development leads to feelings of autonomy;
failure results in feelings of shame and doubt.

Stage 3. Initiative vs. Guilt

The third stage of psychosocial development takes place during the preschool years. At this point
in psychosocial development, children begin to assert their power and control over the world
through directing play and other social interactions. When an ideal balance of individual
initiative and a willingness to work with others is achieved, the ego quality known as purpose
emerges.

Stage 4. Industry vs. Inferiority

The fourth psychosocial stage takes place during the early school years from approximately ages
5 to 11. Through social interactions, children begin to develop a sense of pride in their
accomplishments and abilities. Successfully finding a balance at this stage of psychosocial
development leads to the strength known as competence, in which children develop a belief in
their abilities to handle the tasks set before them.

Stage 5. Identity vs. Confusion

The fifth psychosocial stage takes place during the often turbulent teenage years. This stage
plays an essential role in developing a sense of personal identity which will continue to influence
behavior and development for the rest of a person's life. Teens need to develop a sense of self
and personal identity. Success leads to an ability to stay true to yourself, while failure leads to
role confusion and a weak sense of self.

Stage 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation

Young adults need to form intimate, loving relationships with other people. Success leads to
strong relationships, while failure results in loneliness and isolation. This stage covers the period
of early adulthood when people are exploring personal relationships. Erikson believes it was vital
that people develop close, committed relationships with other people. Those who are successful
at this step will form relationships that are enduring and secure.

Stage 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation

Adults need to create or nurture things that will outlast them, often by having children or creating
a positive change that benefits other people. Success leads to feelings of usefulness and
accomplishment, while failure results in shallow involvement in the world. Being proud of your
accomplishments, watching your children grow into adults, and developing a sense of unity with
your life partner are important accomplishments at this stage.

Stage 8. Integrity vs. Despair

The final psychosocial stage occurs during old age and is focused on reflecting back on life. At
this point in development, people look back on the events of their lives and determine if they are
happy with the life that they lived or if they regret the things they did or didn't do. Those who
feel proud of their accomplishments will feel a sense of integrity. Successfully completing this
phase means looking back with few regrets and a general feeling of satisfaction. These
individuals will attain wisdom, even when confronting death.

Event Map:

The interview we take is, about one’s adolescence and the other one is about old age. Both of
them answer the questions which were asked of them. They were comfortable while answering
the questions. The adolescent favorite memory was when he went abroad and did so much fun.
While the old age one did an experiment in his house and learned that it was his mistake and he
need to learn more about electricity. The interesting thing was that in both interviews. The old
age one feels weak when he has all the responsibilities when he lost his parents. The younger one
is growing and has a lot of dreams, which he wants to fulfill. He has one goal which he wants to
achieve and doing a lot of hard work on that and also there are some others he wants to pursue.
The older one already get what he wants and he worked for it. He also thinks that everyone feels
sometimes a sense of failure and with time person grows up and learned a lesson and is ready to
explore his life. While the younger one feels low when he expects more but he learned, he had to
work harder than before. Both of them were learning from their mistakes, growing, and put a lot
of hard work to do their best. Both of them were satisfied and happy in their life.

Reflection:

Erikson’s psychosocial development theory gives us a way to view the development of a person
throughout their entire life. By passing from each stage of life, a person develops psychosocial
strengths and character traits that help to become a confident and healthy person.
According to the theory, the younger boy is at the 5 th stage, which is identity vs. confusion. It’s a
bit challenging for him to face all the difficulties and challenges in his life. But he has a strong
sense of identity, he knows what he wants to do. He has one particular goal which he wants to
achieve. There are some other activities that he wants to do, just because it is difficult for him to
manage the time for those activities. In the future, he will continue those activities as well and
also practice those activities when he was totally free and there is no burden on him. He has no
pressure from his parents and is not confused about his future goals. The encouragement and
reinforcement from his parents uplift his confidence and shape his personal identity.

The middle adulthood person is at the stage of Generativity vs. stagnation. He did not feel
inactive in his life. Still, he didn’t feel old at this age. His opinion is, if he feels like, I’m old and
unable to do anything then he can’t do anything. Whatever the mind can conceive and believe, it
can achieve. He believes that he can do anything and still doing a lot of work. He is working for
the people and contributing to those people. He taught some skills and techniques to the ones
who are smaller than him. He didn’t take any fee from them and wanted to help the people.
Through this, he is contributing to society and also helping people for free. He is satisfied with
what he is doing. He didn’t feel tense and worried about his future, but he thinks in the future
everything will become more difficult. He is energetic and productive in his life and also feels a
sense of accomplishment. He is motivated to invest in his personal growth or productivity. He is
being active with the community and family and felt successful. He didn’t feel stagnant and tried
to make the world a better place to live.